iilliiiiliiiipilil 


jiAiixi:.\i.\x.\. 


HISTORY 


OF 


HOMOEOPATHY 


AND 


ITS  INSTITUTIONS  IN  AMERICA 

Their  Founders,  Benefactors,  Faculties,  Officers,  Hospitals,  Alumni,  Etc., 

with  a  Record  of  Achievement  of  Its  Representatives 

in  the  World  of  Medicine 


■flllustrate^ 

VOLUNIE     I 

EDITED  BY 

WILLIAM  HARVEY  KING,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Dean  of  the  Faculty  Neiv  York  Homoeopathtc  Medical  College  and  Hospital 


NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 

THE  LEWIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

1905 


Copyright,  ,^qo5 

BT 

LEWIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
New  York         ::        Chicago 


4J2. 

70 


To 
SAMUEL  CHRISTIAN  FRIEDERICH  HAHNEMANN 

and  the 
GERMAN  PROVERS 

This  Work  Is  Dedicated 

No  mere  Words  can  Adequately  Express  the  Affection 
and  Loyalty  'which  e'very  True  Homoeopathist  must  feet 
for  Hahnemann  and  His  Co-ivorkers,  If  these  Volumes 
of  the  History  of  Homoeopathy  and  its  Institutions  in 
America  in  the  Least  Degree  do  Honor  to  Our  Master, 
then   They  ha've  not  been  Written  in  Vain 


INTRODUCTION 


The  honiu'opathic  school  of  medicine  was  founded  in  Germany,  but 
its  growth  has  been  most  noteworthy  in  America.  This  has  been  due  not 
to  greater  abiHty  on  the  part  of  Hahnemann's  followers  in  this  country, 
nor  to  greater  loyalty  and  enthusiasm  among  the  adherents  of  homoe- 
opathy here,  but  to  liberal  laws  which  have  enabled  the  physicians  of  this 
school  to  establish  colleges  where  the  law  of  siniilia  similibus  curantur 
could  be  properly  taught,  and  physicians  graduated  who  had  not  been 
prejudiced  against  it  by  contact  with  the  allopathic  profession,  whose  chief 
aim  was  to  imbue  the  mind  of  the  students  with  a  belief  in  its  supposed 
fallacies.  The  same  spirit  of  liberality  that  encouraged  the  building  of 
colleges  also  opened  the  way  for  the  founding  of  hospitals  and  clinics, 
wherein  the  superiority  of  the  homceopathic  treatment  has  been  established. 
To  record  the  growth  of  these  institutions  in  America  and  the  labors  of 
the  men  who  established  them  under  trying  circumstances,  often  fighting 
their  way  through  storms  of  opposition,  rising  above  all  difficulties,  is  the 
province  of  this  work. 

Thirty  years  ago  Dr.  Carroll  Dunham  undertook  the  preparation  of 
a  histon,'  of  homoeopathy,  but  ill  health  and  an  untimely  death  prevented 
its  completion  by  his  hand,  and  others  took  up  the  task  he  was  obliged  to 
relinquish.  This  history  appeared  in  a  supplemental  volume  of  the  tran- 
sactions of  the  World's  Homoeopathic  Convention  held  in  Philadelphia 
during  the  centennial  of  1876.  The  substantial  growth  of  homoeopathy  in 
America  has  been  since  that  time.  Then  scarcely  a  homoeopathic  college 
owned  any  jiroperty,  and  there  were  few  well-equipped  homceopathic  hos- 
pitals in  the  land.  To  be  sure,  some  vigorous  homoeopathic  societies  ex- 
isted, and  it  is  to  their  vigor  and  activity  that  we  owe  the  chief  part  of 
our  advancement.  These  societies  have  lieen  the  organized  force  of  the 
school.  They  have  furnished  it  with  inspiration  and  have,  at  the  same 
time,  been  its  critics.  They  have  acted  as  censors  on  colleges  and  facul- 
ties, and  m  many  ways  have  lx;en  the  parent  of  the  vigorous  homf£0])athy 
of  to-day.  We  owe  much  to  those  men  who,  early  foreseeing  the  difficul- 
ties which  were  to  beset  the  establishment  of  a  new  school  of  medicine, 


INTRODUCTION  vii 

and  recognizing  the  necessity  of  an  organized  force,  were  moved  to  estab- 
lish the  first  national  medical  society  in  the  United  States,  the  American 
institute  of  Homoeopathy. 

Like  tribute  may  be  paid  to  the  genius  of  those  who  organized  the 
state  societies,  which  in  time  came  to  exercise  a  strong  influence  over 
state  legislatures,  as  it  is  these  bodies  which  govern  medical  practice  in 
this  country,  and  conserve  the  welfare  of  the  whole  school.  The  history 
of  medical  legislation  as  it  relates  to  our  school  to-day  is  interesting, 
showing  what  was  done  by  a  small  band  of  men  who  believed  in  their 
cause,  and  asked  for  nothing  but  justice  against  a  powerful  organization 
actuated  by  malice,  hatred,  and  ofttimes  by  superstition.  Were  it  not 
for  the  work  done  by  our  state  societies  most  of  the  institutions  that  we 
have  to-day  would  not  be  in  existence. 

Another  potent  force  in  the  building  up  of  the  homoeopathic  school 
of  medicine  has  been  its  literature  as  presented  in  its  journals  and  text 
books.  The  same  wisdom  that  foresaw  the  necessity  of  organization 
foresaw  the  necessity  of  an  individual  literature.  Homoeopathic  jour- 
nals were  early  established,  not  only  carrying  each  month  fresh  encour- 
agement to  the  physicians  of  the  school,  but  bringing  much  help  in  the 
way  of  new  provings,  thus  widening  their  therapeutic  field.  At  the 
same  time  these  journals  kept  abreast  of  the  best  there  was  in  the  whole 
domain  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Text  books  of  homoeopathic  thera- 
peutics were  issued  by  the  score  within  a  comparatively  short  time  after 
the  establishment  of  the  school  in  America.  Thus  it  was  that  the  homoeo- 
pathic physician  became  independent  of  his  allopathic  rival  and  enemy, 
and  the  increasing  strength  of  his  school  gave  him  confidence  in  his 
system  and  confidence  in  himself. 

All  this,  however,  was  only  the  means  to  an  end.  The  real  strength 
of  the  entire  system  lay  in  the  superiority  of  the  homoeopathic  principle 
over  the  empiricism  of  the  then  dominant  school  of  practice.  But  no 
matter  how  great  an  advancement  our  system  may  have  been  over  that 
already  in  practice,  it  could  not  by  its  truth  alone  have  made  headway 
against  bigotry,  which  is  sometimes  called  conservatism,  together  with 
an  animositv  which  is  not  scientific  and  which  in  this  case  reflects  no 
credit  on  the  self-st\]ed  regular  school  of  medicine. 

It  was  no  easy  task  that  our  predecessors  set  for  themselves  in  es- 
tablishing a  new  schod  of  medicine  under  these  conditions,  and  what 
we  are  to-day,  and  what  we  will  be  in  the  future,  we  owe  to  the  ability, 
energy-  and  self-sacrificing  cliaracter  of  those  who  fought  the  battle  when 


viii  INTRODUCTION 

it  was  raging  hottest  and  who  never  swerved  from  the  course  they  had 
laid  out  for  themselves.  It  is  to  preserve  the  work  of  these  men  that 
this  history  has  l>een  written. 

This  history  of  homceopathy  takes  up  events  in  their  natural  se- 
quence. After  a  resume  of  Hahnemann's  Hfe  and  the  events  attending 
the  founding  of  the  system  in  Europe,  it  brings  us  to  America  with  the 
landing  in  New  York  of  Hans  Burch  Gram  and  the  planting  of  homoe- 
opathy in  the  metropolis.  Of  much  greater  importance,  however,  was 
the  landing  of  Constantine  Hering  and  his  comrades,  and  the  opening 
of  the  Allentown  Academy,  afterwards  the  college  in  Philadelphia.  That 
was  really  the  nucleus  of  the  homoeopathic  school  in  America.  From 
these  two  points  the  growth  of  homoeopathy  in  every  state,  city  and 
territory,  and  the  "founding  of  societies,  colleges  and  hospitals  are  taken 
up  in  convenient  order. 

In  preparing  a  comprehensive  history  of  homoeopathy  and  its  insti- 
tutions, it  has  been  necessary  to  draw  information  from  many  and  varied 
sources.  The  names  of  the  collaborators  are  sufficient  to  guarantee  the 
sincerity,  and  thoroughness  of  the  work.  They  are  not  only  the  repre- 
sentative men  and  women  of  the  school,  but  the  subjects  upon  which 
they  have  written  have  been  those  of  which  they  were  above  all  the  most 
competent  to  treat,  and  their  personal  sympathy  and  interest  has  given 
to  their  papers  a  value  which  could  not  attach  to  the  work  of  the  ordinary- 
writer  of  historical  facts.  Each  contributor  has  done  his  work  cheer- 
fully, and  any  words  which  might  be  set  down  here,  no  matter  how 
fulsome  in  praise,  would  but  poorly  express  the  appreciation  which  the 
editor  and  publishers  feel  for  their  careful  and  faithful  assistance. 

The  great  aim  has  l>een  reliability,  and  no  pains  have  been  spared 
to  make  it  such  a  work  as  will  live  in  the  annals  of  true  historv. 


THE   COLLABORATORS 


William  Harvey  King,  M.D.,  LL.D.      .     .  New  York  City 

Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.D.     .     .     .  Philadelphia,    Pennsylvania 

Willis  Alonzo  Dewey.  M.D Ann  Arbor,  Michigan 

Pemberton  Dudley,  M.D.,  LL.D.      .     .     .  Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania 

George  Theodore  Shower,  M.D.       .     .     .  Baltimore,  Maryland 

Daniel  A.  MacLachlan,  M.  D.     .     .         .  Detroit,  Michigan 

George  Royal,  M.D Des  Moines,  Iowa 

Charles  Edgar  Walton,    M.D.,    LL.D.     .  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

JiRAH  Dewey  Buck,  M.D Cincinnati,  Ohio 

James  Polk  Willard,  M.D Denver,  Colorado 

Andrew  Leight  Monroe,  M.D Louisville,  Kentucky 

William  Davis  Foster,  M.D Kansas  City,  Missouri 

Howard  Roy  Chislett,  M.D Chicago,  Illinois 

LuciEN  Claude  McElwee,  M.D Saint  Louis,  Missouri 

Allen  Corson  Cow  pert  hwaite,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.     Chicago,  Illinois 

John  Blair  Smith  King,  M.D Chicago,  Illinois 

David  Herrick  Beckwith,  M.D.       .     .     .  Cleveland,  Ohio 

James  Rickey  Horner,  A.M.,  M.D.    .     .     .  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Gaius  J.  Jones,  M.D Cleveland,  Ohio 

Wilbert  B.  Hinsdale,  M.D Ann  Arbor,  Michigan 

Guernsey  Penny  Waring,  M.D Evanston,  Illinois 

M.  Belle  Brown,  M.D New  York  City 

Annie  S.  Higbie,  M.D New  York  City 

John  Preston  Sutherland,  M.D.     .     .     .  Boston,  Massachusetts 

James  William  Ward,  M.D San  Francisco,  California 

Henry  C.   Allen Chicago.  Illinois 

Lewis  Cass  Aldrich Binghamton,  New  York 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER   I, 

The  Subject  Introduced— Discovery  in  Medical  Science— Brief  Allusion  to  the  Founder 
—Homoeopathy  in  Germany— Bohemia— Austria— Russia— France— Italy— Amer- 
ica—Sweden— Great  Britain— Spain— Belgium— Cuba  i? 

CHAPTER  H 
The  Beginnings  of  Homoeopathy— Hahnemann,  the  Founder— His  Birth  and  Educa- 
tion—His Trials  and  Triumphs— His    Death— Brief    Allusion    to    Some    of    the 
Provers,  Disciples  of  the  Founder 22 

CHAPTER   HI 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   NEW  YORK 

Introductory  Observations — Condition  of  Homoeopathy  at  the  Time  of  Gram's  Arrival 
in  America — He  Settles  in  New  York — His  Practice  and  Followers — Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  Societies,  State  and  Local — Hospitals  and  Charitable  Institutions — 
The  Pioneers  of  Homoeopathy  in  New  York 44 

CHAPTER    IV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NEW    YORK — (CONTINUED) 

The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1832 — Hahnemann  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  New-  York 
Medical  Society — The  Pioneer  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Reminiscences  of 
Early  Homoeopathic  Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh — Paine — Dutcher 
— Wright — Ball — Freeman — Cook — Bowers^ — Harris — Palmer — McVickar — Joslin — 
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — A  Chapter  of  Reminiscences "](> 

CHAPTER    V 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   NEW   YORK — (CONTINUED) 

Outspreading  of  the  Homoeopathic  Doctrine  from  New  York  City  into  the  Several 
Counties  of  the  State — The  Pioneers  and  Their  Trials  and  Triumphs — Reminis- 
cences and  Sketches ! 94 

CHAPTER   VI 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   PENNSYLVANIA 

Introductory  Remarks— Primacy  of  Pennsylvania  in  Homoeopathic  Institutions— Ho- 
moeopathic Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania— Other  State  and  Local  Societies— 
Allentown  Academy— Recollections  of  Early  Practitioners— Detwiller.  the  Pre- 
scriber— Wesselhoeft  and  Freytag,  the  Founders— Becker  and  Helfrich,  the 
Preacher  Physicians— Ihm,  the  Pioneer  m  Philadelphia— Hering,  the  Prover,  Phil- 
osopher. Scientist  and  Founder— Brief  Allusion  to  Other  Early  Practitioners-^Lists 
of  Pioneer  Physicians — Homoeopathic  Dispensaries   Ill 

CHAPTER   VII 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   VIRGINIA 

Early  Introduction  of  Hahnemann's  System  in  the  West  and  Southwest— Virginia 
Societies— Allentown  Academy  Bears  Good  Fruit— The  Pioneer  in  Virginia  a 
Layman— The  Caspari  Brothers— Campos— I  lardy— Hobson—Atwood— Hughes- 
Other  Early  Practitioners  in  the  Old  Domini. mi 162 


CONTEXTS  xi 

CHAPTER    VIII. 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    OHIO 

Gradual  Introduction  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  West — Cope,  the  Pioneer  of  the  New- 
System  in  Ohio — Beckwith's  Recollections  of  Sturm- — Pulte,  the  Pioneer  and 
Founder  of  a  Great  School  of  Medical  Learning— Cholera  Plague  of  1849  3»d 
Later  Years — Homoeopathy  attacked  by  the  Old  Enemy — Early  Homceopaths  in 
Cincinnati  and  Cleveland — Attempts  to  Establish  a  Medical  College — Eclectic  Med- 
ical Institute  Establishes  a  Chair  of  Homoeopathy — Reminiscences  of  Early  Prac- 
titioners       166 

CHAPTER  IX 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    OHIO — (CONTINUED) 

Purpose  of  the  Homoeopathic  Society  of  Cincinnati — Hill  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  In- 
stitute of  Cincinnati  Converted  to  Homoeopathy — Shepherd,  tlie  Pioneer  in  Hamil- 
ton County— Reminiscences  of  Early  Physicians — Pulte,  the  Founder,  Scholar  and 
Physician — The  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine 177 

CHAPTER    X 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   LOUISIANA 

Condition  of  Medicine  in  Louisiana  in  Martin's  Time — The  Southern  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Association — Charity  Homoeopathic  Hospital — Dr.  Joseph  Martin,  the 
Pioneer  Homoeopath  in  Louisiana — Taft,  the  Second  Practitioner — Reminiscences 
of   Other    Early    Homoeopathic    Practitioners 188 

CHAPTER   XI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MARYLAND 

The  Maryland  Homoeopathic  State  Medical  Society — Other  Societies — Felix  R.  Mc- 
Manus,  the  Pioneer — His  Life  and  Experiences — Schmidt,  the  Prussian  Convert 
— Haynel,  the  German,  and  Busch,  the  Saxon — Cyriax,  Hardy  and  Geiger — List  of 
Early  Practitioners   194 

CHAPTER  XII 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   CONNECTICUT 

The  First  Prescriber  of  Homoeopathic  Doses  in  Connecticut — Early  Planting  and  Sub- 
sequent Growth  of  Homa-opathy  in  the  State— Societies  and  Hospitals — The 
Taylors,  Father  and  Son— New  Mil  ford  First  to  Have  a  Homoeopathic  Physician 
— The  Tafts  in  Hartford — John  Schue — Introduction  of  the  New  System  in  the 
Counties — Pioneers.  Early  Practitioners  and  Reminiscences — List  of  Old  Practi- 
tioners        200 

CHAPTER  XIII 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MASSACHUSETTS 

How  the  Seed  was  First  Sown  in  the  Old  Bay  State — New  York  Furnishes  the  Pioneer 
— Gregg  and  Flagg,  the  Standard  Bearers — Their  Followers  and  Proselytes — The 
Homoeopathic  Fraternity  of  Massachusetts — Its  Organization  and  Membership — 
The  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Brief  Allusion  to  the  Homoeo- 
pathic Institutions,  and  the  Pioneers  of  the  Profession  in  the  Several  Counties  of 
the  Commonwealth    210 

CHAPTER  XIV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NEW    JERSEY 

Occupation  of  New  Jersey  by  Homoeopaths  from  New  York  on  the  North  and  Phila- 
delphia on  the  West — The  First  Practitioner  Converts  from  the  Allopathic  Ranks 
— Dr.  Isaac  Moreau  Ward,  the  Pioneer — Early  Society  Organization — Pioneers  of 
Homoeopathy  in  the  Several  Counties  of  New  Jersey — Reminiscences  of  Prom- 
inent Early   Practitioners 240 


Xll 


•CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  XV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    VERMONT 

Sowing  the  Seed  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  Old  Green  Mountain  State— Baird,  the  Inde- 
pendent, Self-Educated  and  Successful  Practitioner,  the  Pioneer— Brief  Allusion 
to  State,  District  and  County  Societies— How  and  by  Whom  Homoeopathy  was 
Introduced  in  the  Counties  of  Vermont 258 

CHAPTER  XVI 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  DELAWARE 

Treatment  of  Gosewisch  at  the  Hands  of  Delaware  Allopaths— His  Great  Work  for 
Homceopathv— Harlan,  the  Second  Homoeopathic  Physician  in  the  State— Quinby 
—Negendank—Swinney— Curtis— Lawton—Tantum 269 

CHAPTER  XVn 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    RHODE    ISLAND 

Parlin,  the  Pioneer  of  Homoeopathy  in  Rhode  Island— His  Accomplishments  and  Polit- 
ical \Iisfortunes — Early  Homoeopathic  Practitioners  in  the  Several  Towns  of  the 
State— Reminiscences,  Statistics  and  Biography 275 

CHAPTER  XVni 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   KENTUCKY 

A  Hospitable  Welcome  Greets  Homoeopathy  in  Kentucky — Bernstein,  the  Pioneer, 
Finds  Warm  Friends  Among  the  Allopaths — Their  Estimate  of  His  Worth — Early 
Practitioners  in  Various  Parts  of  the  State — A  Chapter  of  Statistics,  Reminis- 
cences and  Biography 282 

CHAPTER  XIX 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  NEW   HAMPSHIRE 

Dr.  Moses  Atwood,  a  Convert  of  Gregg's,  the  Pioneer  of  Homoeopathy  in  New  Hamp- 
shire— The  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Early  Practitioners  in  the  Sev- 
eral Counties  289 

CHAPTER  XX 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  INDIANA 

Dr.  Isaac  Coc,  the  Pioneer  of  Homoeopathy  in  Indiana,  was  Hull's  Converted  Allopath 
— Outspreading  of  the  Practice  in  the  State — The  State  and  Other  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Societies — Recollections  of  Early  Practitioners — A  Table  of  Converts...  295 

CHAPTER  XXI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MAINE 

Early  Homoeopathy  in  the  Pine  Tree  State— Characteristics  of  the  Early  Practitioners 
— The  State  and  Other  Medical  Societies— Sandicky,  the  Itinerant  Homoeopath — 
His  Converts  and  Followers — List  of  Early  Practitioners 303 

CHAPTER  XXII 

HOMOEOP.\THY   IN    THE   DISTRICT   OF   COLUMBIA 

Brief  Allusion  to  the  Hahnemann  Monument— Ceremonies  of  the  Unveiling— The 
Washington  Convention— Homoeopathic  Societies  and  Hospitals— Dr.  John  Piper, 
the  First  Homoeopathic  Physician  in  the  District  of  Columbia— Reminiscences  and 
List  of  Early  Practitioners 315 

CHAPTER   XXIII 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   MICHIGAN 

Beginnings  of  Homoeopathy  in  Michigan— Early  Practitioners  all  Converted  Allopaths 
—Record  of  Medical  Societies— Hall  and  Lamb,  the  Pioneers— Reminiscences  and 
Lists  of  Early  Practitioners  ^2^ 


CONTENTS  xiii 

CHAPTER  XXIV 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   GEORGIA 

This  State  not  Highly  Productive  of  Homoeopathic  History — Gilbert  and  Schley,  the 

Pioneers — Reminiscences  of  Other  Early  Practitioners   334 

CHAPTER  XXV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    WISCONSIN 

The  Pioneers  of  Homoeopathy  in  Wisconsin — The  Conditions  There  Described  by  Dr. 
Chittenden — Wisconsin  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Recollections  of  the 
Pioneers  and  Their  Early  Experiences — List  of  Old  Practitioners 337 

CHAPTER  XXVI 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    ALABAMA 

Homoeopathy  Never  Strong  in  Alabama — Dr.  Monroe  Describes  Some  Early  Ex- 
periences— The  State  Medical  Association — Ulrich  and  Schafer,  the  Pioneers — 
Later  Accessions  to  the  Homoeopathic  Ranks — Reminiscences  and  Tables  of  Early 
Practitioners 342 

CHAPTER   XXVII 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  ILLINOIS 

Early  Homoeopathic  Conditions  in  Illinois — Experiences  of  Dr.  David  Sheppard  Smith, 
Allopath  and  Homoeopath — Zabina  Eastman  and  the  "  Western  Citizen  " — ElTects 
of  the  Chicago  Fire  of  1871  on  Homoeopathy  in  that  City — Homoeopathic  Medical 
Societies  and  Hospitals — Reminiscences  and  Lists  of  Early  Homoeopathic  Prac- 
titioners    345 

CHAPTER   XXVIII 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   MISSOURI 

Early  Homoeopathy  in  Missouri — Subsequent  Growth  of  the  System — Dr.  John  Temple 
and  His  Works — Medical  Societies  and  Hospitals — Reminiscences  and  Lists  of 
Early  Homoeopathic   Practitioners 363 

CHAPTER    XXIX 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   TENNESSEE 

Nashville  a  Center  of  Medical  Education — Experiences  of  Drs.  Harsh,  Wheaton  and 
Kellogg,  Early  Homoeopathic  Practitioners  in  Tennessee — Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society  of  Tennessee — Reminiscences  and  List  of  Early  Practitioners  in  the  State  369 

CHAPTER   XXX 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  TEXAS 

Introduction  of  Hahnemann's  System  in  the  Lone  Star  State — The  Texas  Plomoeo- 
pathic  Medical  Association — Dr.  Parker,  the  Pioneer — His  Life  and  Works — Other 
Early  Practitioners  in  Various  Parts  of  the  State 373 

CHAPTER  XXXI 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   CALIFORNIA 

Homoeopathy  Finds  Lodgment  on  the  Pacific  Slope  in  1849 — Pioneers  were  both 
Physicians  and  Gold  Hunters — The  State  Medical  Society — Benjamin  Ober,  the 
Pioneer  Homoeopath — Reminiscences  and  List  of  Practitioners 377 

CHAPTER  XXXII 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN  IOWA 

Trials  of  Dr.  Beck,  the  First  Homoeopathic  Physician  in  Iowa — Subsequent  Permanent 
Introduction  and  Development  of  the  New  System  in  the  State — Iowa  Medical 
Societies — Reminiscences  and  List  of  Early  Practitioners 385 


xiv  CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  XXXIII 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   MINNESOTA 

Relations  of  Civil  and  Homceopathic  History  in  Minnesota— Planting  Hahnernann;s 
System  in  the  State— Societies  and  Hospitals— Reminiscences  of  Early  Practi- 
tioners        ^  ^ 

CHAPTER  XXXIV 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN    MISSISSIPPI 

The  Planting  of  Homoeopathy  in  Mississippi  by  Dr.  Davis— His  Early  Experiences- 
Growth  of  Hahnemann's  System  of  Medicine  in  the  State— The  State  Medical 
Society— Reminiscences  and  List  of  Early  Practitioners 395 

CHAPTER  XXXV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NEBRASKA 

Homoeopathy  Instroduced  in  Omaha  in  1862— Wright,  the  Pioneer— Drs.  Way  and 
Hemingway  in  Nebraska  City— The  State  Homceopathic  Medical  Society— Gradual 
Growth  of  the  System  in  Nebraska— Reminiscences  of  Early  Practitioners 398 

CHAPTER  XXXVI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    WEST   VIRGINIA 

A  Brief  Chapter  of  Reminiscences— Dr.  Alfred  Hughes  and  His  Sister— List  of  Prac- 
titioners in  the  State 402 

CHAPTER  XXXVII 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   NORTH  CAROLINA 

Homoeopathy   Introduced   in   the   State  by  Dr.   Freeman — Reminiscences   and   List   of 

Other  Early  Practitioners  in  North  Carolina   405 

CHAPTER  XXXVIII 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    COLORADO,    MONTANA    AND    FLORIDA 

Late  Planting  and  Rapid  Growth  of  Homoeopathy  in  Colorado — Ingersol,  the  First 
Practitioner,  and  Marix,  the  Permanent  Practitioner — State  Medical  Society — 
Homoeopathy  in  Montana  begins  in  1866 — Its  Subsequent  Growth — Meagre  History 
on  Florida — Early  Practitioners  in  all  these  States — The  Florida  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society — Reminiscences   407 

CHAPIT.R  XXXIX 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   OREGON,   SOUTH    CAROLINA   AND   KANSAS 

Dr.  Leslie  Jacob  Coombs,  the  Pioneer  Homoeopath  in  Oregon — Later  Growth  of  the 
System  in  the  State — Medical  Societies  and  Hospitals  in  Kansas — Dr.  John  Hazard 
Henry,  the  First  Hoinceopath  in  South  Carolina — Dr.  John  Doy,  the  Pioneer  of 
Homoeopathy   in    Kansas — Societies   and    Hospitals — Reminiscences 412 

CHAPTER   XL 

IIOMoKorATIIV     1.^     LTAH.    WVD.MING,    THE    DAKOTAS,    ARIZONA,    IDAHO    AND    ALASKA 

Dr.  Isaiah  Wiiite.  the  I'"irst  HouKcopath  in  Salt  Lake  City — Dr.  John  Bowman. 
Cheyenne— Dr.  H.  J.  Morrison  in  Arizona — Dr.  E.  O.  Plumbe  in  Dakota — Dr. 
D.  G.  Strong  in  Idaho — Limits  of  Early  Practitioners 417 

CHAPTER  XLI 

HOMOEOPATHV     IN     ARKANSAS,     NEVADA.     INDIAN     TERRITORY,     WASHINGTON,     NEW     ME.XICO 

AND   OKLAHO.MA     422 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


PAGE 

Hahnemann  Frontispiece 

Dr.  Johann  Ernst  Staff ' 19 

Dr.  Gustav  Wilhelm  Gross  23 

Hahnemann's  Birthplace  in  Meissen   24 

Dr.  Carl  Gottlob  Franz  25 

Dr.  Franz  Hartmann   28 

Dr.  jMoritz  Muller  30 

Dr.  Carl  Haubold 31 

Dr.  Carl  F.  Trinks 32 

Dr.  G.  a.  H.  Muhlenbein  34 

Hahnemann's  Home  in  Coethen 36 

Friedrich  Rummel,  M.  D 37 

Dr.  Georg  Aug.  Benj.  Schweikert  39 

Dr.  Carl  Georg  Ch.  Hartlaub  41 

Dr.  Julius  Schweikert 42 

Hans  Burch  Gram,  M.  D 46 

Main  Entrance,  Middletown  State  Hom.  Hospital -. 51 

Main  Building,  Middletown  State  Hom.  Hospital 53 

Metropolitan  Hospital,  Blackwell's  Island  55 

Utica  Homoeopathic  Hospital  59 

M.  O.  Terry,  Surg.  Gen.  S.  N.  Y 62 

John  Franklin  Gray,  M.  D 65 

A.  Gerald  Hull,  A.  M.,  M.  D 69 

Dr.  S.  R.  Kirby   tj 

Federal  Vanderburgh,  M.  D 81 

E.  E.  Snyder,  M.  D 83' 

Walter  C.  Palmer,  M.  D 85 

J.  A.  McVickar,  M.  D 87 

B.  E.  JosLiN,  M.  D 89 

Lewis  Hallock,  M.  D 91 

P.  P.  Wells,  M.  D 92 

Horatio  Robinson,  M.  D 96 

H.  C.  Hubbard,  M.  D 97 

Horace  M.  Paine,  M.  D 103 

Allentown  Academy    115 

Main  Group  of  Buildings,  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic:  State  Hospit.vl  kok  Insane.  itS 

Children's  Homoeopathic  Hospital   120 

Hering  Building,  Medical  and  Surgical  Dept 121 

LippE  Isolated  Pavilion  122 

Sargent  or  Maternity  Building  123 

Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Pittsburgh   124 

McClelland  in  the  Oper.\ting  Room,  Pittsburgh  Hom.  Hosp 126 

Willard  in  the  Operating  Room,  Pittsburgh  Hom.  Hosp 127 

Henry  Detwiller.  M.  D 129 

Samuel  R.  Dubs,  M.  D 131 

H.  H.  Hoffman,  W.  D 135 

J.  C.  Burgher,  M.  D 137 

Hering's  Lachesis  Snake  141 

John  Henry  Floto,  M.  D 143 

Charles  Neidhard,  M.  D 146 

James  Kitchen.  M.  D 149 

Alvan  E.  Small,  M.  D 151 

Joseph  Berens,  M.  D 152 

G.  Reichhelm,  M.  D T53 

Benjamin  Becker,  M.  D 155 

Obadiah  C.  Brickley,  M.  D 157 

John  F.  Cooper,  M.  D 158 

Ohio  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  Cincinnati 171 

James  G.  Hunt,  M.  D 173 

John  Wheeler,  M.  D 175 


xvi  ILLUSTRATIONS 

Seven  Old  Fellows  ^77 

Alfred  Shepherd,  M.  D • '  ^79 

William  Owens,  M.  D 182 

Storm  Rosa,  M.  D 183 

Prominent  Cleveland  Homoeopaths   ' 184 

Wm.  H.  Holcombe,  M.  D 191 

Thomas  Shearer.  M.  D ^95 

Westboro  Hom.  Asylum  for  Insane 212 

Milton  Fuller,  M.  D 217 

Famous  Patrons  of  Homoeopathy  220 

Alvin  M.  Gushing,  M.  D • 224 

Geo.  W.  Swazey,  M.  D ^^1 

G.  F.  Matthes,  M.  D : 229 

A.  A.  Klein,  M.  D 230 

Henry  B.  Clarke,  M.  D 231 

Elisha  J.  Jones,  M.  D 232 

Geo.  Russell,  M.  D 233 

Geo.  W.  Richards,  M.  D 243 

Daniel  R.  Gardiner,  M.  D 246 

Bowman  H.  Shi\trs,  M.  D 247 

Jos.  C.  Boardman,  M.  D 250 

Samuel  A.  Jones,  M.  D 254 

Theodore  Y.  Kinne,  M.  D 255 

G.  N.  Brigham,  M.  D 260 

Geo.  E.  E.  Sparhawk,  AI.  D 262 

C.  B.  Currier,  M.  D 264 

Jos.  R.  Tantum,  M.  D ■ 270 

Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Delaware 271 

Caleb  Harlan,  M.  D 272 

Ch AS.  H.  Lawton,  M.  D 273 

George  B.  Peck,  M.  D tt/^ 

Wm.  L.  Breyfogle,  M.  D 285 

Joshua  F.  Whittle,  M.  D 290 

Oliver  L.  Bradford,  M.  D 291 

Oliver  P.  Baer,  M.  D 296 

George  W.  Bowen,  M.  D ". .  .299 

Wm.  E.  Payne,  M.  D 304 

Euphalet  Clark,  M.  D 306 

James  H.  Payne,  M.  D 309 

Nancy  T.  Williams,  M.  D 311 

Hahnemann  Monument — Presentation  Ceremony 314 

Hahnemann  Monument — Presentation  by  Dr.  Walton 316 

Ode  to  Hahnemann,  by  Dr.  Wm.  Tod  Helmuth  316 

TuLuo  S.  Verdi,  M.  D 318 

Susan  Ann  Edson,  M.  D 319 

Jehu  Brainerd,  M.  D 32c 

W.  Hanford  White,  M.  D 323 

Edwin  M.  Hale,  M.  D 328 

Charles  J.  Hempel,  M.  D 332 

F.  H.  Orme,  M.  D !.'."."..'..!!.;!;!!!;; -335 

Wm.  L.  Cleveland,  M.  D 336 

Chicago  Homoeopathic  Hospital  346 

T.  C.  Duncan,  M.  D 350 

F.  F.  de  Derky,  M.  D 353 

C.  Ferd.  Kuechler,  M.  D 355 

Leonard  Pr.\tt,  M.  D .359 

T.  G.  comstock.  m.  d .!!!.!.!.!..!.!!.!.  .365 

Jabez  P.  Dake,  M.  D .vj\ 

E.  J.  Eraser,  M.  D 378 

Frederick  Hiller,  M.  D W '.'  379 

John  Esten.  M.  D .■^\ 

George  W.  Barnes,  M.  D -g, 

Wm.  H.  Leonard,  M.  D ".""."'."!'..".'.*..'".!".!'.'.'..".'.'.!!!!!!!".  [391 


INDEX. 


Abell,  D.  T.,  2l^T. 

Abbott,  Jehial,  233. 

Academy,  Allentown,  114. 

Academy,  North  American,   114. 

Act  to  Protect  Citizens  from  Quackery,  ZT^- 

Adams  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  351. 

Adams  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  153. 

Adam,  Dr.,  41. 

Adams,  Ira,  98. 

Adams,  R.  E.  W.,  174,  356. 

Alabama,  Homo,  in,  342. 

Alaska,  Homo,  in,  420. 

Albany  City  Homo.  Hosp.,  54. 

Albertson,  J.  A.,  380. 

Albright,  G.,  343. 

Aldrich,  Henry  C,  392. 

Allen,  John  R.,  371. 

Allen,  Samuel  Smith,  loi. 

Allentown  Academy,  114. 

Allentown    Academy,    Founders    of,    117. 

Alley,  W.  W.,  96. 

Anderson,  Moses,  149. 

Angell,  E.   P.,  375- 

Angell,  Henry  C,  225. 

Angell,  James,  375. 

Angell,   Richard,    190. 

Angell,  Richard,  285. 

Angell,   Richard,   343. 

Annin,  Jonathan  D.,  243. 

Anthony,  W.   C,  357. 

Appleton,  John  W.  M.,  403. 

Archiv  fur  die  Homoopathische  Heilkunst, 

40. 
Arcoli,  Dr.,   164. 
Arizona,  Homo!  in,  419. 
Arizona  State  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  419. 
Arkansas,  Homo,  in,  422. 
Arkansas  State  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  422. 
Armstrong    County,    Pa.,    Homoeopathy   in, 

150. 
Arnold,  Rawdon,  413. 
Arthur,   Asa  A.,  266. 
Asiatic  Cholera,  172. 
Atwood,  Aaron  H.,  163. 
At  wood,  Aaron  H.,  292. 
Atwood,  Moses,  290. 


Austin,  James  H.,  204. 
Austin,  John  Hayden,  249. 
Ayers,  E.  Darwin,  422. 

B 
Babcock,   J.,    357. 
Bachmeister,  Theodore,  360. 
Baer,  Oliver  P.,  298. 
Bagley,  Alvan,  424. 
Bailey,  Charles,  235. 
Baird,  David  H.,  258. 
Baker,  David,  99. 
Baker,  Mary  G.,  235. 
Balch,  Edward  T.,  382. 
Baldwin   Place  Home,  214. 
Ball,  Alonzo  S.,  85. 
Baltimore  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  195. 
Banks,  W.  H.,  334. 
Bannister,  Charles   B.,  340. 
Barker,  G.  W.,  175. 
Barlow,  Samuel  B.,  88. 
Barnes,  George  W.,  180,  383. 
Barrows,  George,  229. 
Barrows,  Ira,  231,  276,  279. 
Barrows,  J.  H.,  308. 
Bartlett,  Abner,  361. 
Bauer,  Adolph,  152,  177. 
Bayard,  Edward,  91. 
Bayer,  Charles,   151. 
Beakley,  John  Stoat,  381. 
Beardsley,  Herman,  424. 
Beaumont,    Eckhart   L.,   375. 
Beaumont,  John  H.,  359. 
Beaver  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Beck,   Dr.,   385. 
Becker,  Benj.,  153,  156. 
Becker,  Rev.   Chris.  J.,    135. 
Beckwith,  Ephraim  C.,   179. 
Beebe,  Gaylord  D.,  354. 
Beebe,   Nelson   D.,  359. 
Beeman,  J.,  176. 
Belcher,  George  Elisha,  91. 
Belden,  Charles  D.,  419. 
Belden,  James  G.,  190,  343. 
Belgium,  Homoeopathy  in,  20. 
Bell.  James  B..  311. 
Bell,  William  C.  204. 


INDEX 


Bennett,  lluUis  K..  2C6. 

Bennington  Co..  Homo,  in,  266". 

Berens,   Bernard,   149. 

Berens.  Joseph,   148. 

Berks  County.  Pa.,  Homo.  in.  153. 

Biegler.  Augustus  P..  94. 

Bigelow,  Thomas,  264. 

Bigler.   George  W.,    174. 

Birch.  George  B.,  366. 

Birnstill.  Joseph.  94.  234. 

Bishop.  David  F..  loi. 

Bishop,  Herbert  M..  207. 

Bishop.  Leverett,  100. 

Bishop,  Robert   S.,    102. 

Bissell,    Arthur   T..    179. 

Bitely,   Eugene,   330,   331. 

Blackwood,    B.   W.,  249. 

Blackwood,  Thomas.  326. 

Blackwood.  Thomas  R..  249. 

Blair  County,  Pa..  Homo,  in,  1^4. 

Blaisdell.  J.  M.,  310. 

Blake.  Edmund  H..  375. 

Blake,  James  H.,  375. 

Blodgett,  T.   S.,  264. 

Boardman,  Joseph  C.,  249. 

Bolles.  Richard  M..  89. 

Bosler,  Jacob,   176. 

Boston,   Early   Physicians,  237. 

Bowen,  Eleazer,  252. 

Bowen,  George  W..  300. 

Bowers,  Benj.  P.,  89. 

Bowie,  Alonzo  P.,  154. 

Bowman,  John  R.,  417. 

Bradford  Co.,  Pa..  Homo.  in.  153. 

Bradford,   Oliver   Leech,  237,  292. 

Bradford,  Richmond.  308.  312. 

Bradley,   E.  W.,  384. 

Brainerd,  Jehu.  321. 

Bramon,  Joaquin,  20. 

Bratt.  James  D..   192. 

Breed.  Simeon  R..  361. 

Breyfogle.   Charles  W.,  382. 

Brigham.  Gershom   N.,  260. 

Briry,    Milton   S.,  312. 

Brooklyn  Homo.  Hosp..  53. 

Brooklyn  Maternity  Hosp.,  55. 

Brooklyn   Nursery   and    Infants"   Hosp..   35. 

Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  Early  Homo.  Practice  in, 

99 
Brooks,  C.  A..  237. 
Brooks,  John   B.,  422. 
Brooks,   Paschal   P.,  339. 
Broome  County,  N.  Y.,  Homn.  in.  loi. 
Brown,  Asa  W..  204. 
Brown.  Henry  R..  207. 
Brown.  Joseph  R..  375. 
Brown.  L.  W.,  234. 
Brown,  Titus  L.,  loi. 
Browne,  Faulcon.  406. 
Browne.  Gardner  S..  202. 
Browncll.   H.  T..  202 


P.rownson.  Dr.,  loi. 
Bruchhausen,  Caspar,  95. 
Brugger.  Ignatius,   156. 
Bryan,  Thomas,  154. 
Brjant,  Charles  J.,  380. 
Bu'ddeke,  Ivo  W.,  372. 
Buffalo  Homo.  Hosp.,  55.  59. 
Bugbee,  Rev.  Aurin,  234. 
Buih,  George  B..  366. 
Bulkeley,   Wm.    E..   205. 
Bull.  John,  422. 
Bumstead,  L.  J.,  400. 
Bunting,  J.  Crowley,  154. 
Burnham.  N.  G.,  298. 
Burnside.  Aaron  W.,  360. 
Burr,  Charles  H.,  307. 
Burr,  E.  D.,  330. 
Burr,  W.   A.,   399. 
Burrett,  Alex.  H..  151. 
Burritt,  Alex.,   174. 
Burritt,  Alex.  H..   189. 
Burritt,   Amatus  R.,  343. 
Burritt,  Ely,  174. 
Busch,  Lewis,  199. 
Bute,  George  Henry.  137. 
Butler,  W.   P.,  340." 
Byer,   Rev.   Father,    154. 
Byron,  E.   S.,  343,  410. 

C 
Caboche,  Louis,  189. 
Caledonia   Co.   Homo.    Med.    Soc.   239. 
California,  Homo,  in,  377. 
California   State   Homo.    Med.   Soc.   378. 
Cambria  County,  Pa..  Homo,  in,  134. 
Camp.  Arthur  A.,  392. 
Campos.  F.  T.,  163. 
Capen,  Robert,  222. 
Carbon  County,   Pa..   Homo,   in,    134. 
Carels,  Samuel.  249. 
Carley,   D.   H.  W.,  400. 
Carr.  Marvin  S.,  355,  337. 
Cartier,  Adolph,   191. 
Case.   S.   C,  400. 
Caspari.  Edward.  150,  174,  286. 
Casselbcrry.   Melville   L..   393.  403. 
Cate.  Shadrach  M..  225. 
Cator,  Harvey  Hull,  96. 
Cator,   Henry  Hull,  337. 
Caulkins,   Russell.   202. 
Cedar  Valley  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  386. 
Central  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  304. 
Central  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  386. 
Central  Ills.  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  349.  351. 
Central  New  York  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  49. 
Central   County.   Pa.,   Homo.  in.   134. 
Chamberlain.  Charles  H.,  261. 
Champlin.  H.  C,  '236. 
Channing.  William.  74. 
Chapman,  H.  D.,  235. 
Charity  Homo.  Hosp.,  189. 


INDEX 


Chase,  A.  P.,  360. 

Chase,  Hiram  L.,  233. 

Chase,   Ira   Eaton.  236. 

Cheever,  Daniel  A..  360. 

Chester  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  150. 

Chester,  Crozer  Home  and  Hosp.  at,  125. 

Chicago  Acad,  of  Homo.  Phys.  and  Surgs., 

349- 
Chicago  Acad,  of  Med.,  350. 
Chicago  Bapt.  Hosp.,  352. 
Chicago  City  Hosp.,  351. 
Chicago  Homo.  ^led.  Soc,  349. 
Chicago  Paed.  Soc,  350. 
Children's  Homo.  Hosp.  of  Phila.,  119. 
Children's  Hosp.,  364. 
Children's  Hosp.  of  Five  Points  House  of 

Ind.,  53. 
Cholera  Epidemic,  76. 
Cholera  Hosp.  of  Phila.,  119. 
Cincinnati,  Homo,  in,   171. 
Cincinnati  Hosp.  for  Women  and  Children. 

170. 
Cincinnati,  Pioneer  Homo,  of,  171. 
Clapp,  E.  H.,  358. 
Clark,  Eliphalet,  306,  312. 
Clark,   Francis  H.,  222. 
Clark,  Joseph  K.,  234. 
Clark,  Luther,  218. 
Clarke,  Henry  B.,  229. 
Clarke.  John  Lewis,  229. 
Clarke.  Peleg.  277,  280. 
Clay.   Geo.   B.  L.,  247. 
Cleckley,   Francis   V.,  414. 
Clemens,  Rev.  Father,  389. 
Cleveland  Homo.  Hosp.,  169. 
Cleveland,  Homo,  in,  174. 
Cleveland.  William  L.,  335. 
Clinton  County,   Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Coe,  Daniel,  357. 
Coe,  Isaac,  295. 
Cohen,  Solomon  W.,  yi^- 
Colby,  Isaac,  225. 
Cole.    Harvey,    202. 
Collins  State  Homo.  Hosp..  52. 
Colorado.  Homo,  in,  407. 
Colorado    State    Homo.    Med.    Soc,    407. 
Columbia  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Communipaw  Med.  Soc.  241. 
Comstock,  Thomas  G..  365. 
Connecticut,  Homo,  in,  200. 
Conn.  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  200. 
Cook  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  349. 
Cook  Co.  Hosp..  352. 
Cook.  George  W..  ?%.  97. 
Cooley,  George  P..  204. 
Coombs,  E.  H..  402. 
Coombs.  Leslie  J..  384.  412.      • 
Cooper,  Isaac,  253. 
Corliss.   C.   T..  297. 
Cornell,  George  B..  252. 
Cortland  County,  N.  Y..  Homo,  in,  97. 


Covert,  Dr.,  loi. 

Cowles,  E.  W.,  179.  328. 

Cowperthwaite,  Allen  C,  400. 

Cragin,  John,  343. 

Craighead,  James   B.,  369. 

Crane,  William,  341. 

Crispell,   Garrett  D.,  95. 

Cropper,  Charles,  181. 

Cross,  Edwin  C,  392. 

Cross,  L.  E.,  382. 

Cuba.  Homoeopathy  in,  20. 

Cumberland  County,  Homo,  in,  150. 

Cummings,  James  M.,  307. 

Curran,  William.  366. 

Currie,  Joseph  C,  251. 

Currier,  Chris.  B..  2.(i2. 

Curtis,  John  Mitchell,  274. 

Curtis,  Joseph  Thomas,  78. 

Cuscaden,  T.  W..  181. 

Gushing,  Alvin  M.,  224. 

Gushing,  John  J.,  380. 

Custis,  J.  B.  Gregg,  315. 

Cutler,  William  W.,  218. 

Cyriax,  E.  C.  Bernard,  199,  356. 

D 

Daily,  J.   C.  422. 

Dake,  Chauncey  M.,  98. 

Dake,  Jabez  P.,  370. 

Dake,  Jabez   W.,   102. 

Dake,   William   C,   370. 

Dakota,  Homo,  in,  418. 

Dakota  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  418. 

Danforth.  Willis,  354,  360. 

Darby,   Pa.,   Homo,   in,   150. 

Dart,  J.  M.,  417. 

Davies,  John,  340.  355. 

Davis,  Augustus  F.,  395. 

Davis,  F.  A.  W.,  173. 

Davis,  J.  H.  H.,  2>76. 

Davis,  John  W.,  387. 

Davis,  Rev.  Dr.,  233. 

DeDerky,   Francis   F..   354. 

DeGersdorfF,  E.  Bruno,  222. 

Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y..  Homo,  in,  loi. 

Delaware  Co.,  Pa..  Homo,  in,   150. 

Delaware,  Homo,  in,  269. 

DeMoor,  Apostle  of  Homoeopathy.  20. 

Des  Moines  Homo.  Clin.  Soc,  386. 

Detwiller,  Henry,  128. 

DeWolf.  John  J.,  276. 

Dickinson,  Wilmot  H.,  386. 

Diederich,  Peter.  415. 

Dillingham.  Thomas  M.,  310. 

Dinsmore.  J.   B.,  236. 

Dispensaries  in  New  York,  102. 

Dispensaries  in   Pa.,   157. 

District  of  Columbia,  Homo,  in,  315. 

Dodge,  Lewis,   179.  326.  330. 

Dodge,  Moses,  306. 

Dodge,  Nathaniel,  386. 


INDEX 


Doran,   Charles  R.,  370,  410. 
Dornberg,    A.    G..    393- 
Douglas,  James   S.,  338. 
Dow,  Frank  E.,  265. 
Doy,  John,  327,  4U- 
Drake,  Elijah  H.,  329- 
Dubs,   Samuel  R.,  148. 
Duffield,  Alfred  M.,  343- 
Duncan,  Thomas  C,  354- 
Dunham.   Dr.,  391. 
Duncombe,  Charles  S.,  339- 
Dunn,   McCann,   357. 
Dunnell,   Henry  Gale,  87. 
Dunwody,  William   E.,  335- 
Dutcher,  Benjamin  C,  84. 


Eastern  Dist.  Homo.  Med.  See,  241. 

Eastern  Ohio  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  168. 

Eaton,  Morton  M.,  354-- 

Ebers.  H..  365. 

Edie,  John  J.,  415. 

Edmonds,   W.  A.,  371. 

Edson,  Susan  Ann,  321. 

Eels,  Oliver  J..  265. 

Egbert,  William  A.,  420. 

Eggert,  William  A.,  298. 

Ehrhart,  William  J.,  399- 

Ehrmann.  Benjamin,  173,  181. 

Ehrmann,  Ernest  J.,  151,  30i- 

Ehrmann.  Francis,   150. 

Ehrmann.    Frederick,    151. 

Ehrmann,   Isedorich,   179. 

Eldridge.    Isaac    N.,   326,   331. 

Elliger,    Dr.    G.,    I49- 

Ellis,  Erastus  R.,  330. 

Ellis,  John.  326,  330. 

Ellis.    Sarah    M.,    410. 

Ely.  Elihu.  loi. 

Ensign.  Chas.  W..  208. 

Erie   Co.,   N.   Y.,  Homo,  in,  97. 

Erie  Co.,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 

Esrey,  Wm.   P.,  152,  156. 

Essex  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  241. 

Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  98. 

Esten.  John,  381. 

Evans,  Charles  H.,  418. 

Evans,  J.  W.,  339- 

Everett,  .\mbrose  S.,  408. 


Fabiola  Hospital.  380. 
Fairchild,  Stephen,  255. 
Falk,  Herman,  yjo. 
Falligant.   Louis   .\.,   335. 
Farley,  Charles   I.,  393. 
Farmington,  Homo.  in.  310. 
Farnham.  Llewellyn  D..  lOi. 
Fayette  Co.,   Pa.,  Homo,  in,   154. 
Fee,  John.  366. 


Fell,  Ezra,   152. 
Fetterman,  Wilford  W.,  419. 
Field,  F.  S.,  97- 
Finster,  Frederick,  330. 
Finster,  Frederick,  Sketch,  332. 
Fischer  of  Brunn.  Dr.,  43. 
Fisher,  Charles  E.,  375. 
Fiske,  Isaac,  229. 
Flagg,  Josiah  F.,  215. 
Fleniken,  Dr.,  266. 
Florence  Hospital,  58. 
Florida,  Homo,  in,  410. 
Florida   State  Homo.  ?^Ied.  Soc,  410. 
Floto,  John  H.,   143.  224,  382. 
Folger,  Robert  B.,  62. 
Foote,   Charles  C,  203. 
Foote.  Elial  Todd,  203. 
Fomies,  Dr.,  95. 
Foster,   H.   L..  360. 

Fourteenth  Dist.   Homo.  ^led.   Soc,  350. 
Fowler,  Samuel  M.,  410. 
Franklin  Co.,  Homo,  in,  266. 
Franklin.  Edward  C,  365,  387. 
Franz,   Karl   Gottlob,  39. 
Fraternity,  Mass.  Homo.,  210. 
Frazer,  Edwin  J..  380. 

Frederick,  Grand   Duke  of,  invites  Hahne- 
mann to  Coethen,  35. 
Free  Homo.  Hosp.,  364. 
Freeland,  James  C.  237. 
Freeman,  Alfred,  86. 
Freeman,  W^illiam  K.,  405. 
Freligh,  Martin,  95. 
Freytag,  Eberhard,  134. 
Friederick,  Dr.,  376. 
Fuller,  Milton,  217. 
Furgus  Falls,  State  Hosp.,  389. 


Gale,   Amory,  281. 

Gale,   Stephen  M.,  226,  235. 

Gallup,  William,  233,  307. 

Gardiner,  Daniel  R.,  246. 

Garrettson,  Jesse,  174. 

Garrettson,  Joseph,   174. 

Garrique,  Richard.  279. 

Gatchell,  -Edwin  A.,  406. 

Gatchell.  Hoi-atio  P.,  180,  406. 

Gause.  Owen  B.,  251,  414. 

Gause,  Percival  O.  B..  414. 

Geary,  John  F..  380. 

Gee,  Rodman  S.,  339. 

Geiger.  Rev.  Jacob,  199. 

Geist.  Chris.  Fred..  144,  227. 

Georgia,  Homo,  in,  334. 

German  Central  Homoeopathic  Union,  35. 

Gifford,  J.  R.,  236. 

Gilbert,  Edward  Aug.,  358. 

Gilbert,  James  B.,  334. 

Gilbert.  Samuel  H.,  341. 

Giles,  Albert,  339. 


INDEX 


Oilman,  John,  179. 

Oilman,  Martin,  396. 

Glass,  Robert,  189. 

Oohier,   Marie   M.   d'H.    Marriage   with 

Hahnemann,  2)7- 
Oood  Samaritan  Hosp.,  364. 
Goodrich,  D.  O.,  329. 
Goodwin,  D.  M.,  392. 
Goodwin,  T.  S.,  310. 
Gorham,  G.  E.,  418. 
Gosewisch,  J.  C.,  271. 
Goiirhea,  J.,  154. 

Gowanda  State  Homo.  Hosp.,  52. 
Grace  Homo.  Hosp.,  201. 
Grace  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  201. 
Grace  Hospital,  325. 
Graham,   David,  341. 
Grainger,  John,  364. 
Oram,  Hans  Burch,  life  of,  60. 
Oram,  Hans  Burch,  the  Pioneer  of  Homo'y 

in  America,  44. 
Graves.  Samuel  W.,  230. 
Gray.  John  F.,  67. 
Great  Britain,  Homoeopathy  in,  20. 
Green,  Daniel  H.,  280. 
Green,  George  S.,  202. 
Green.  Jonas,  145,  319. 
Green,  W.  E.,  422. 
Greene,  Nathaniel,  279,  281. 
Gregg,  Samuel,  210. 
Gregg,  Samuel,  life  of,  215. 
Griswold,  W.  N.,  380. 
Gross,  Gustav  Wilhelm,  39. 
Grove,  Charles  E.,  424. 
Guernsey,   Henry   N..  261. 
Guernsey,  William  F.,  261. 
Guilbert.  Edward  A.,  387. 
Gulby,  John  B.,  360. 

H 

Hadfield,  J.  H..  422. 
Haeseler,  Charles,  144. 
Hahnemann  Acquires  Great  Wealth.  38. 
Hahnemann,  at  Dessau,  25. 
Hahnemann,  at  Georgenthal.  27. 
Hahnemann,  at  Gommern,  26. 
Hahnemann,  at  Hamburg.  28. 
Hahnemann,   at   Hermanstadt,   24. 
Hahnemann,  at  Konigshetter.  28. 
Hahnemann,  at  Leipsic.  23,  26. 
Hahnemann,  at  Molschleben,  28. 
Hahnemann,   Birth,  23. 
Hahnemann  Club,  Terre  Haute,  297. 
Hahnemann,  Death  of  His  Wife,  35. 
Hahnemann,   Discoveries   of,   18. 
Hahnemann,  Early  Life  and  Education,  23. 
Hahnemann,  Family  Misfortunes,  27. 
Hahnemann,   Fiftieth  Birthday,  35. 
Hahnemann.   First   Marriage,   25. 
Hahnemann,  His   Character,   18. 
Hahnemann,  His  Death,  38. 


Hahnemann,  His  Dogma,  18. 

Hahnemann,  His  New  Principle,  28. 

Hahnemann,  His  Organon,  29. 

Hahnemann,    Honorary   Member  of   N.   Y. 
Co.  Med.  Soc,  yy. 

Hahnemann  Hosp.,  N.  Y.,  54. 

Hahnemann  Hosp.,  Scranton,  128. 

Hahnemann,  Lectures  to  His  Disciples,  34. 

Hahnemann   Med.    Soc.   of  the  Old  Do- 
minion,  162. 

Hahnemann  Monument,  315. 

Hahnemann,    Persecution   Renewed,   34. 

Hahnemann,  Personal  Characteristics,  36. 

Hahnemann,  Poverty  and  Persecution,  29. 

Hahnemann,  Relations  with  His  Pupils,  40. 

Hahnemann,  Removes  to  Dresden,  26. 

Hahnemann,  Removes  to  Paris,  38. 

Hahnemann,  Second  Marriage,  37. 

Hahnemann,  Summoned  to  Court,  34. 

Hahnemann,  the  Founder,  22. 

Hahnemannian  Society,  112. 

Hale,  Edwin  M.,  330. 

Hale,  Edwin  M.,  Sketch,  331. 

Hall,  A.,  95- 

Hall,  E.  Bentley,  252. 

Hall,  S.  S.,  325- 

Hallock,  Lewis,  91. 

Hamilton  Co.,  Ohio,  Homo,  in,  177. 

Hammond,  H.  H.,  414. 

Hampden  Homo.  Hosp.,  213. 

Hand,   Stephen  D.,  loi. 

Hardenstein,  A.  O.  H.,  396. 

Hardin  Co.  Soc.  of  Homo.  Phys.,  386. 

Hardy,  James  E.,  199. 

Hardy,  Thos.  L,  163. 

Hargous  Memo.  Hahn.  Hosp.,  58. 

Harlan,  Caleb,  271. 

Harlem  Homo.  Hosp.  and  Disp.,  59. 

Harris,  C.   F.,  loi. 

Harris,  Jerome,  236. 

Harris,  John  T.,  223,  230. 

Harris,  Zina,  89. 

Harsh.   Philip,  369. 

Hart.  Charles  N.,  408. 

Hartford.  Homo,  in,  201. 

Hartmann,  Franz,  40. 

Hasbrouck,  Joseph,  256. 

Haseler,  Henry,  400. 

Haslam,  D.  B.,  393. 

Hastings,  Charles,  329. 

Hatch,  Philo  L.,  39i- 

Hatfield,  George  T.,  390. 

Hawley,  Liverus  B.,   loi. 

Hay  ward.  Joseph  Warren,  231. 

Ha'vward.  M.  P.,  202. 

Haynel,  Adolph  F.,   198. 

Hayes,  Dr.,  loi. 

Hebber,  W.  W.,  235. 

Helfrich,  John  Henry,  136. 

Helfrich,  Rev.  Johannes,  136. 

Helmuth.  William  Tod,  366. 


INDEX 


Hemingway,  Dr.,  399. 
Hempel.  Charles  J.,  333. 

Henrj".  J0I1"  H-.  343- 

Henry.  John  Hazard,  413. 

Hering.  Constantine,  138. 

Hering,  Constantine.  a  Latin   Scholar,  139. 

Hering,    Constantine,    Becomes    a    Natural- 
ist, 139. 

Hering,  Constantine,  Birth  and  Earlv  Life, 
138. 

Hering,  Constantine,  Converted  to  Homce- 
opathy,  140. 

Hering,  Constantine,  Goes  to  Philadelphia, 
142. 

Hering.  Constantine,  His  Death.  143. 

Hering,   Constantine,  Lands  at   Martha's 
Vineyard,   142. 

Hering,   Constantine,   Marriage,   142. 

Hering,  Constantine,  Offends  the  King,  141. 

Hering,    Constantine,    Practices    in    Para- 
maribo, 141. 

Hering,  Constantine,  Receives  His  Degree, 
140. 

Hering,    Constantine,    the    Lachesis    Snake, 
141. 

Hering,  Constantine,  the  Three  Fates,   139. 

Hering.  Constantine.  Visits  Surinam,  140. 

Herkimer  County.  N.  V.,  Homo,  in,  98. 

Higgins,  Sylvester  B.,  406. 

Hill,  Benj.  L..  177. 

Hill,  George,  179. 

Hill,  Rev.  Moses,  205. 

Hill,  Rev.  Mr.,  310. 

Hill,  Robert   Louis.  387. 

Hiller,  Frederick.  381,  423. 

Hines,  Frank,  405. 

Hobson,  Joseph  V.,  163. 

Hoffendahl,  Charles  F.,  94,  218. 

Holcombe,  William  H.,  192. 

Holcombe,  William  H.,  396. 

Holland,  H.  \.,  300. 

Holt,  Aaron  P..  360. 

Holt.  Captain,  366. 

Holt,  Daniel,  202,  227. 

Home,  J.  Lewis  Crozer,  125. 

Homo.  Clin.  Soc.  of  Md.,  195. 

Homoeopathic  Clin.  Soc.  of  Rock  Island, 
etc.,  351. 

Homoeopathic  Fraternity  of  Mass.,  210. 

Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Chicago,  351. 

Homoeopathic  Hosp.  for  Chil.,  214. 

Homoeopathic  Hosp.  of  Essex  Co.,  242. 

Homo.    Hosp.    for    Insane    at    Allentown, 
Pa.,  118. 

Homfeopajhic  Hospital  at  Leipsic,  37. 

Homceopathic  Hosp.,  Minneapolis.  390. 

Homo.  Hosp.  of  Phila.,  119. 

Homceopathic  Hosp.  and    IV.   Sch.,   Kansas 
City,  364. 

Homoeopathic  Hosp.,  Ward's  Isl.,  57. 

Homreopathic  Med.  Acad.,  49. 


Homoeopathic  Med.  Assn.  of  Alabama.  342. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Assn.  of  Wabash  Val., 

351- 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Camden,  241. 
Homceopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Del.,  269. 
Homo.  Med.  Soc.  of  Eastern  Ohio,  168. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  King  Co.,  424. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Mich.,  324. 
Homoeopathic   'Sltd.   Soc.  of  No.   Md.  and 

So.  Mich..  297. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Northern  New 

York,  49. 
Homo.  Med.  Soc.  of  Ohio,  167. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Penna.,  112. 
Homoeopathic  Med.  Soc.  of  Tennessee,  370. 
Homo.    Med.    and    Surg.    Hosp.    of    Pitts- 
burgh, 122. 
Homo.  ^led.  and  Surg.  Hosp.  of  Reading, 

123. 
Homoeopathic   Society   of   Central    New 

York,  49. 
Homoeopathic  Society  of  Northampton  and 

Cos.  Adj.,  113. 
Homceopathy  in  Alabama,  342. 
Homoeopathy  in  Alaska,  420. 
Homceopathy  in  Arizona,  419. 
Homceopathy  in  Arkansas,  422. 
Homceopathy,  Beginnings  of,  17. 
Homceopathy  in  California,  377. 
Homceopathy  in  Colorado,  407. 
Homceopathy  in  Connecticut,  200. 
Homoeopathy  in  the  Dakotas,  418. 
Homceopathy   in   Delaware,  269. 
Homceopathy  in  District  of  Columbia,  315. 
Homoeopathy  in  European  Countries,  18. 
Homoeopathy,  First  Use  of  the  Name,  30. 
Homoeopathy  in  Florida,  410. 
Homoeopathy   in  Georgia,  334. 
Homoeopathy  in  Idaho,  420. 
Homceopathy  in  Illinois,  345. 
Homceopathy  in  Indiana,  295. 
Homoeopathy  in  Indian  Ter.,  424. 
Homoeopathy  in   Iowa,  385. 
Homoeopathy  in  Kansas,  414. 
Homoeopathy  in  Kentucky,  283. 
Homo,  in  Louisiana,  188. 
Homoeopathy  in   Maine,  303. 
Homo,  in  Maryland,  194. 
Homceopathy  in  Massachusetts,  210. 
Homceopathy  in  Michigan,  322. 
Homoeopathy  in  Minnesota,  389. 
Homceopathy  in  Mississippi,  395. 
Homceopathy  in  Missouri,  363. 
Homceopathy  in  Montana,  409. 
Homoeopathy  in  Nebraska,  398. 
Homoeopathy  in  Nevada,  423. 
Homceopathy  in  New  Hampshire,  289. 
Homoeopathy  in  New  Jersey,  240. 
Homceopathy  in  New  Mexico,  425. 
Hornoeopathy  in  New  York,  44. 
Homoeopathy  in  North  Carolina.  405. 


INDEX 


Homoeopathy  in  Ohio.  i66. 
Ilomoeopathy  in  Oklahoma,  425. 
Homoeopathy  in  Oregon,  412. 
Homoeopathy  in  Pentia.,  ill. 
Homoeopathy  in  Rhode  Island,  275. 
Homoeopathy  in  So.  Carolina.  413. 
Homoeopathy  in  Tennessee,  369. 
Homoeopathy  in  Texas,  2>72>- 
Homoeopathy  in  Utah,  417. 
Homoeopathy  in  Vermont,  258. 
Homoeopathy  in  Virginia,  162. 
Homoeopathy  in  Washington,  424. 
Homoeopathy  West  of  Allegheny  Mts.,  154. 
Homoeopathy  in  West  Virginia,  402. 
Homoeopathy  in  Wisconsin,  ^2>7- 
Homoeopathy  in  Wyoming.  417. 
Hoppin.  Courtland,  280. 
Hoppin,  Washington,  277,  2S0. 
Hornburg,   Chris.   Gottlob,  39. 
Hospital,  Albany  City  Homo..  54. 
Hospital,  Brooklyn  Homo.,  53. 
Hospital,  Brooklyn  Maternity.  55. 
Hospital,  Brooklyn  Nursery  and  Inf'ts,  55. 
Hospital,  Buffalo  Homo..  55.  59. 
Hospital,  Chicago  Baptist,  352. 
Hospital.  Chicago  City.  351. 
Hospital,  Chicago  Homo.,  351. 
Hospital,  Children's  of  Boston,  214. 
Hospital,    Children's    Five    Points   House 

of  Md..  53. 
Hospital.  Children's  of  Philadelphia,   119. 
Hospital,  Children's.  St.  Louis,  364. 
Hospital.  Cleveland  Homo.,  169. 
Hospital,  Collin's  State  Homo.,  52. 
Hospital,  Cook  Co.,  352. 
Hospital.  Fabinla  of  Oakland,  380. 
Hospital.  Florence.  58. 
Hospital,  Free  Homo.,  364. 
TTospital,  Good  Samaritan,  364. 
Hospital,  Good   Samar.   Dea.,  57. 
Hospital,  Gowanda  State  Homo.,  52. 
Hospital,  Grace,  Detroit,  325. 
Hospital,  Grace  of  New  Haven,  201. 
Hospitil,  Hahnemann.  Ladies'  Aid  Soc,  54. 
Hospital,  Hahnemann.  N.  Y.,  54. 
Hospital,  Hahnemann  at  Scranton,  128. 
Hospital,  Hampden  Homo.,  213. 
Hospital,  Llargon's  Memo.   Hahn.,  58. 
Hospital,   Harlem  Homo.,  59. 
Hospital,  Homo,  of  Fssex  Co.,  242. 
Hospital,  Homo,  of  Phila.,  119. 
Hospital,  Isabella  Helmnth,  57. 
Hospital,  J.  Lewis  Crozcr.   125. 
Hospital,  Kansas  City  Homo.,  364. 
TTospital.  Kansas  Surg.,  415. 
Hospital,  Laura  Franklin  Free.  57. 
Hospital,  Maryland  Homo.,  195. 
Hospital,  Mass.  Llomo.,  213. 
Hospital,    Med..    Surg,    and    Matern.,    of 

Penna..  121. 
Hospital.  ]\led.  and   Surg,  of  Reading,   123. 


Hospital,  Memo,  for  Women  and  Chil..  57. 
Hospital,  Metropolitan,  56. 
Hospital,  Middletown  State  Homo.,  51. 
Hospital,  Minneapolis  Homo.,  390. 
Hospital,  Mt.  Vernon  Homo.,  59. 
Hospital,  National  Homo.,  317. 
Hospital,  Newburyport  Homo.,  214. 
Hospital,  New  Orleans,  189. 
Hospital,  N.  Y.  Homo.  Surg.,  54,  57. 
Hospital,  N.  Y.  Homo,  for  Women  and 

Chil,  54- 
Hospitals,  Ohio,  168. 
Hospital,  Passaic  Homo.,  242. 
Hospital,  Penna.  Homo.,  119. 
Hospital,  Pittsburgh  Homo.,  122. 
Hospital,  Portland  Meth.,  413. 
Hospital,  Rhode  Island  Homo.,  276. 
Hospital,  Rochester  Homo.,  57. 
Hospital,  St.  Luke's,  410. 
Hospital,  St.  Luke's  of  Phila.,  125. 
Hospital,  St.  Mary's  Homo.,  242. 
Hospital.  St.  Paul  Homo.,  390. 
Hospital,  St.  Vincent's,  169. 
Hospital.   Syracuse  Homo.,  59. 
Hospital,  Toledo  Prot.,  171. 
Hospital,  Utica  Homo..   59. 
Hospital,  Ward's  Island.  57. 
Hospital,  West  Jersey,  242. 
Hospital,  West  Phila.,  128. 
Hospital,  Wichita  Homo.,  415. 
Hospital,  Wm.  McKinley  Memo.,  242. 
Hospital,  Wilmington  Homo.,  270. 
Hospital   for  Women  and  Children,  Ohio, 

170. 
Hospital,  Woman's  Homo.,   St.  Louis,  364. 
Hospital,  Woman's  Southern  of  Phila.,  125. 
Hospital,  Worcester  Homo.,  214. 
Hospital,  World's  Fair  Homo.,  352. 
Hospital,  Yonkers  Homo.,  59. 
Hotchkiss,  Jesse  Temple,  102. 
Houghton,  Milo  G.,  263. 
Houghton,  Thomas,  365. 
House  of  Good  Samar.  Dea.,  57. 
Hoyt,  Daniel  O.,  I74- 
Hubbard,  Henry  C,  97- 
Hubbard,  Levi,  415. 
Hudson  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  242. 
Hudson  River  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  51. 
Huff.  E.,  286. 

Hughes,  Alfred,  163,  402,  403. 
Hughes,  Eliza  C,  402. 
Hull,  Amos  Gerald,  72. 
Humphreys,  Erastus,   100. 
Humphreys,  Frederick,   100. 
Humphrey,  Gideon,  144. 
Hunt,  F.  G.,  344. 
Hunt,  Henry  Francis,  248. 
Hunt,  James  George,  173,  181. 
Hunt,  R.  S.,  T54. 
Hunt,  Samuel  P.,  335. 
Hunter.  Rev.  Wm.,  403. 


1 


INDEX 


Hunter.    Iliomas  C,  301. 
llHiitcr.  W..  154. 
Hnniinglon,  T.  Roinayn,  392. 
Hurlburt.  Edwin  T.  M.,  400. 
Hiison.  Richard,  loi. 
Hntawa,  Charles,  367. 
Hutchinson,  James  B.,  302. 
Hyde,  \V.  A.,  367. 

I 

Idaho,  Homo,  in,  420. 

Ihm,  Carl,  137. 

Illinois,  Homo,  in,  34. 

Illinois  State  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  347. 

Illinois  Val.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  349. 

Indiana  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 

Indiana,  Homo  in.,  295. 

Indiana  Institute  of  Homo.,  297. 

Indianapolis  Homo.  Inst.,  297. 

Indian  Territory,  Homo,  in,  424. 

Inevarity,  Dr.,  344. 

Ingalls.  William,  219. 

Ingersol.  .Dr.,  407. 

Ingerson,  H.  H.,  383. 

Inglis,  George,  154. 

Insane  Asylum.  Westboro,  212. 

Iowa,  Homo,  in,  385. 

Iowa  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  386. 

Isabella  Helmuth  Hosp.,  57. 

Isham,  Henry,  206. 

Italy,  Homoeopathy  in,  18. 

Iverson,  Rev.  A.  M.,  341. 


Jackson,  Mercy  B.,  222. 

Jackson,  William  F.,  223. 

Jamaica,  Homoeopathy  in,  20. 

James,  Richard  M.,  387. 

Jeanes,  Jacob,  144. 

Jefferson  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in.,  154. 

Jeffords,  George  P..  308,  312. 

Jeffries,  Charles,  327. 

Jewett,  John  R.,  327. 

Jcwett,  John  R.,  Sketch,  331. 

J.  Lewis  Crozer  Home  and  Hosp.,  125. 

Johnson,  Daniel  A.,  223. 

Johnson,  James  D.,  202. 

Johnson,  Perry  E.,  358. 

Johnston,  James,  420. 

Jones,  Elisha  Utley,  230. 

Jones,  Erasmus  D.,  98. 

Jones,  Samuel  Arthur,  253. 

Joslin,  Benj.  Fr.,  90. 

Judkins,  Charles  W.,  408. 

K 

Kankakee  and  DesPlaines  Val.  Homo.  Med. 

Assn.,  350. 
Kansas  City  Homo.  Hosp.,  .364. 


Kansas.  Homo.  in.  414. 
Kansas  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  415. 
Kansas  Surg.  Hosp.,  415. 
Keep,  Lester,  205. 
Kellogg,  Edward  W^,  202. 
Kellogg,  George  M..  369. 
Kentucky,  Homo,  in,  283. 
Kentucky  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  283. 
Kimball,  Daniel  S.,  97. 
Kings  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  99. 
Kirby.  Stephen  Reynolds,  78. 
Kirkpatrick,  Alex.,  253. 
Kitchen,  James,  147. 
Kittinger.  Leonard,  273. 
Knapp,  Franklin  L.,  loi. 
Knapp,  H.,  326. 
Knight,  Elam  C,  206. 
Knight,  E.  C,  236. 
Knorr,  Louis,  335. 
Koers,  J.  H.,  375- 
Koller,  Baron  Francis,  42. 
Kuchler,    Johanna,    First   Wife   of   Hahne- 
mann, 25. 
Kuechler,  Karl  F..  356. 
Kimimel.  Ernest  R.,  339. 
Kyle,  Dr.,  179. 


Ladies'  Aid  Soc.  of  Hahn.  Hosp.,  54. 

Lafon,  Thomas,  244. 

Lamb.  C.  A.,  325. 

LaMoille  Co..  Homo,  in,  266. 

LalMunyon.  Ira  ^^^.  400. 

Lancaster  county.  Pa..  Homo,  in,  151. 

LaSalle  Co..  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  351. 

Laura  Franklin  Free  Hosp.  for  Children, 

57- 
Lawton,  Charles  H.,  274. 
Lebanon  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  153. 
Leech,  J.  Stuart,  153. 
Leech.  J.  W.,  179. 
Lcipsic.  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  ■^'j. 
Lcritz,  Jacob,   147. 
Leon.  Alexis.  190. 
Leonard,  William  H.,  392. 
Lewis  County,  N.  Y..  Homo,  in,  98. 
T-ewis,  Edwin  W.,  loi. 
Lewis,  Emlin.  399. 
Lexington.  Homo,  in,  367. 
Lillie.  Rev.  James.  95. 
Lindsay.  Albert,  223. 
Lingen.  George,  147,  343. 
Linn  Co.,  Homo.  ]\Ied.  Soc,  386. 
Linnell.  J.  E.,  235. 
Lippe,  Adolph,  153. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  98. 
Loguc.  John  D..  374. 
Lord,  Israel  S.  P.,  357. 
Louisiana.  Homo,  in,  188. 
Lounsbury,   George,  404. 


INDEX 


9 


Lovejoy,  Ezekiel,  loo,  153.  Medical  Society, 

Ludlam,  Reuben,  353.  Medical  Society, 

Lund,  Dr.  Hans  Chris.,  42.  Medical  Society, 

Lund,  Oscar  F.,  252.  Medical  Society, 

Lux,  Wilhelm,  Veterinarian  Homoeopa-  113. 

thist,  41.  Medical  Society, 

Lyon,  Irving  M.,  202.  Medical  Society, 

Lytle,  Randal  M.,  370.  Medical  Society, 

Medical  Society, 

■^  Medical  Society, 

Medical  Society, 

Madison  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  102.  Medical  Society, 

Maine,  Homo,  in,  303.  Medical  Society, 

Maine  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  304.  Medical  Society, 

Mann,  Thos.  H.,  279.  Medical    Society, 

Mansa,  Edward,  150.  and  Cos.  Adj., 

Mansfield,  Wm.  Q.,  415.  Medical  Society, 

Manter,  N.  H.,  176.  Medical  Society, 

Marion  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  297.  Medical  Society, 

Marix,  Martin  M.,  407,  415.  Medical  Society, 

Marsden,  John  H.,  153.  Medical  Society, 

Marsh,  Anna  E.  P.,  408.  Medical  Society, 

Marsh,  Horatio  R.,  421.  Medical  Society, 

Marston,   Mortimer,  386.  Medical  Society, 

Martin,  Joseph,  189.  Medical  Society, 

Marvin,  S.,  154.  Medical  Society, 

Maryland  Homo.  Hosp.,  195.  Medical  Society, 

Maryland,  Homo,  in,  194.  Medical  Society, 

Maryland  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  194.  Medical  Society, 

Massachusetts,  Early  Physicians,  238.  Medical   Society, 

Massachusetts  Homo.  Hosp.,  213.  Medical  Society, 

Massachusetts,  Homo,  in,  210.  Medical  Society, 

Massachusetts  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  210.  Medical  Society, 

Materia  Medica   Pura,   Presented  to   the  Medical  Society, 

World,  2S-  Medical  Society, 

Maternity  Hosp.,  Minneapolis,  396.  Medical  Society, 

Matlack,  Charles  F.,  137.  Medical  Society, 

Matthes,  Gustavus  F.,  229.  Medical  Society, 

May,  Robert,  152.  Medical  Society, 

McAffee,  Edwin  M.,  360.  Medical    Society, 

McCanless,  W.  W.,  406.  297. 

McCarthy,  Lewis,  96.  Medical     Society, 

McCheeney,  Alfred  B.,  354,  358.  shire,  289. 

McClure,  W.   B.,  402.  Medical   Society, 

McGeorge,   Wallace,  253.  Medical  Society, 

Mclntire,  Dr.,  343.  Medical  Society, 

McKinley  Memo.  Hosp.,  242.  Medical  Society, 

McManus,  Felix  R.,  196.  Medical  Society, 

McNeil,  Daniel,  252.  Medical  Society, 

McVickar,  John  Aug.,  90.  Medical  Society, 

Medical  Investigation  Club,  195.  Medical  Society, 

Medical  Science  Club  of  Chicago,  351.  Medical   Society, 

Medical  Society,  Baltimore  Homo.,  195.  Medical  Society, 

Medical   Society,  Caledonia  Co.,  259.  Medical  Society, 

Medical    Society,   Calif.    State,   378.  Medical  Society, 

Medical  Society,  Camden  Homo.,  241.  Medical   Society, 
Medical  Society,  Central  Ills.  Homo.,  349-         Medical  Society, 

Medical  Society,  Central  N.  Y.,  49.  Medical   Society, 

Medical  Society,  Chicago  Homo.,  349.  Medical  Society, 

JMedical  Society,  Clinical  of  Balto.,  195.  Medical  Society, 

Ixicdical  Society,  Colorado  State,  407.  Medical  Society, 


Communipaw,  241. 
Conn.  State,  200. 
Cook  Co.  Homo.,  349. 
County  and  Local  in  Pa., 

Delaware  Homo.,  269. 
Eastern  Dist.  Homo.,  241. 
Eastern  Ohio,  168. 
Essex  Co.  Homo.,  241. 
Florida  State,  410. 
Fourteenth  Dist,  350. 
Grace  of  New  Haven,  201. 
Hahnemannian,   112. 
Homo,  of  Alabama,  342. 
,    Homo,    of    Northampton 

113- 

Homo,  of  Penna.,  112. 
Hudson  Co.  Homo.,  242. 
Hudson  River  Homo.,  51. 
Illinois  State  Homo.,  347. 
Illinois  Valley,  349. 
Indiana  Institute,  297. 
Kansas  Homo.,  415. 
Kentucky  State.  283. 
La  Salle  Co.  Homo.,  351. 
Maine  Homo.,  304. 
Maryland  State,  194. 
Mass.  Homo.,  210. 
Medico-Chirurgical,  50. 
Michigan  Homo.,  324. 
Military  Tract,  349. 
Miss.  State  Homo.,  395. 
Nebraska  State,  398. 
New  Hampshire,  289. 
New  Haven,  201. 
New  Jersey  State,  241. 
N.  Y.  Homo.,  48,  82. 
Northern  Ills.  Homo.,  349. 
N.  Ind.  and  S.  Mich.,  297. 

Northern    Indiana    Inst., 

Northern    New    Hamp- 

Northern  New  York,  49. 
N.  W.  Ills.  Homo.,  351. 
Ohio  Homo.,  167. 
Old  Dominion,  162. 
Oregon  State.  412. 
Pacific  of  Cal.,  379. 
Rhode  Island  Homo.,  276. 
Rockford  Homo.,  351. 
Southern,   188. 
Southern  Tier,  50. 
Tennessee  Homo.,  370. 
Terre  Haute,  297. 
Topeka  Homo.,  415. 
Vermont  Homo.,  258. 
Washington  Homo.,  317. 
Washington  State,  424. 
Wayne  Co.  Homo.,  297. 
Western  Dist.  N.  J.,  241. 


10 


INDEX 


Medical  Society,  Western  Kentucky,  284. 
Medical  Society,  Western  N.  Y.,  50. 
Medical  Society,  West  Va.,  163. 
Medical  Society,  Wisconsin  State,  338. 
Medical  Society,  Women's  of  Chicago,  351. 
Med.,  Surg,  and  Matern.  Hosp.,  121. 
Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Central  New 

York.  50. 
Melrose,  James,  358. 

Memorial  Hosp.  for  Women  and  Chil.,  57. 
Mercer  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Mercer.  William  M.,  375. 
Merrill.  John,  312. 
Merrill.  S.  A.,  387. 
Merriman,  Charles  L.,  328. 
Metropolitan  Hosp.  on  Blackwell's  Isl.,  56. 
Michigan,  Homo,  in,  322. 
Middleton,  John  D.,  404. 
Middleton,  R.  S.,  244. 
Middletown  State  Homo.  Hosp.,  51. 
Militarj'  Tract  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  349. 
Miller,  Adam.  173. 
Miller,  Adam,  3^4.  359. 
Miller,  A.,  408. 
Miller,  A.  C,  403. 
Miller,  John  J.,  419. 
Minneapolis  Homo.  Hosp.,  390. 
Minneapolis  Matem.  Hosp.,  390. 
Minnesota,  Homo,  in,  389. 
Minnesota  State  Homo.  Inst..  390. 
Minter.  Samuel,  190. 
Mississippi.  Homo,  in,  395. 
Missouri  Homoeopathic  Inst.,  364. 
Missouri,  Homo,  in,  363. 
Missouri  Inst,  of  Homo.,  364. 
Moffat,  Reuben  Curtis.  102. 
Moffit,  Elizabeth,  364. 
Montana,  Homo,  in,  409. 
Monument  to  Hahnemann.  315. 
Moore,  G.  T.,  154. 
Moore.  John  D.,  244. 
Moore,  J.  Murray.  381. 
Morgan,  John  C,  358. 
Morgan.  J.  H.,  372. 
Morgan,  Louis  A..  loi. 
Morgan,  W.  L.,  402. 
Morrill,  Alpheus,  175. 
Morris,  M..  415. 
Morrison,  H.  J..  419. 
Morse,  Nathan  R..  225. 
Morton,  Lucien  H.,  203. 
Mosher,  John,  325. 
Mosher,  John,  Biog.,  331. 
Mount  Vernon  Homo.  Hosp.,  59. 
Muhlcnbein.  Dr.  Geo.  A.  H.,  42. 
Mulford.  Charles  W..  255. 
Miiller.   Moritz  Wilhelm.  42. 
Mimgcr.  Erastus  A..  100. 
Munsey,  Barton,  405. 
Murphy,  William,  287. 
Murrell,  William  J.,  343. 


N 


National  Homo.  Hosp.,  317. 

Nebraska.  Homo,  in,  398. 

Nebraska  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  398. 

Negendank.  August,  272. 

Neidhard.  Charles.   147. 

Nevada.  Homo,  in,  423. 

Newburyport  Homo.  Hosp.,  214. 

Newell.  William  H..  252. 

New  Hampshire,  Homo,  in,  289. 

New  Hampshire  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  289. 

New  Haven,  Homo,  in,  202. 

New  Haven  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  201. 

New  Jersey.  Homo,  in,  240. 

New  Jersey  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  241. 

New  Mexico,  Homo,  in,  425. 

New  Orleans,  Homo,  in,  189. 

New  Orleans.  Pharmacies,  192. 

Newton,  Charles,  253. 

New  York  City,  Early  Homos.,  99. 

New  York  Homo.   Hosp.   for  Women  and 

Chil.,  54. 
New  York,  Homoeopathy  in,  44. 
New  York  Homoeopathic   Medical  Society, 

48. 
New  Y'ork  Homo.  Society,  82. 
New  York  Homo.  Surg.  Hosp.,  54,  57. 
New  York  State  Sch.  for  Tr.  Nurses,  55. 
Niagara  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  101. 
Nichols,  Lemuel  B.,  234. 
Nichols,  Z.  B.,  390. 
North    American    Acad,    of    the    Homo. 

Healing  Art,  114. 
North  Carolina,  Homo,  in,  405. 
Northeastern  Iowa  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  386. 
Northern  111.  Homo.  Med.  Assn..  349. 
Northern  Indiana  Homo.  Inst.,  297. 
Northern  N.  H.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  289. 
North  Mo.  Val.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  386. 
Northrup,  Daniel  W.,  202. 
Northwestern  Ills.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  351. 
Novelle,  Orleans,  Soc.  Hahn.,  188. 

O 

Oakland    Homo.    Hosp.    and    Disp.    Assn., 

380. 
Ober,  Benjamin,  377. 
Ober,  Levi  E.,  340,  357. 
Ockford,  George  M.,  253. 
O'Dell,  Charles  M.,  329. 
Oehme,  Ferdinand,  222. 
Ohio  Homo.  Hosps.,  168. 
Ohio,  Homo.  in.  166. 
Ohio,  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  167. 
Ohio  Hosp.  for  Women  and  Chil.,  170. 
Oklahoma,  Homo,  in,  425. 
Okie,  Abraham  H.,  275. 
Old  Dominion,  Hahn.  Med.  Soc,  162. 
Olds,  E.  F.,  326. 


INDEX 


11 


Oliphant,  D.  S.,  191. 

Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo.'  in,  102. 

Orange  Co.,  Vt,  Homo,  in,  267. 

Orcutt,  Hiram  C.,  259. 

Ordway,  L.   S.,  422. 

Oregon,  Homo,  in,  412. 

Oregon  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  412. 

Organon,  Its  First  Appearance,  29. 

Orleans  County,  N.  Y..  Homo,  in,  102. 

Ornie,  Francis  H..  334. 

Osborne,   James   H.,  204. 

Osgood,   David,  221. 

Owens,  William,  181. 


Pacific  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  379. 
Pahl,  H.  R,  z-?^. 
Paine,  Henry  Delavan,  84. 
Paine,  Horace  M.,  102. 
Paine,  Joseph  P.,  221. 
Palmer,  Walter  C,  89. 
Parker,  Henry  C,  373. 
Parkhurst,  Charles  B.,  259. 
Parlin,  Louis,  275. 
Parsons,   Ephraim,  358. 
Parsons,  George  R.,  375. 
Parsons,  William  H.,  415. 
Passaic  Homo.  Hosp.,  242. 
Patton,  J.  H.,  164. 
Paulson,  Dr.,  380. 
Payne,  John,  307. 
Payne,  William  E.,  305. 
Peabody,  Adams,  387. 
Peabody,  Ira  W.,  loi. 
Peacock,  Thomas,  247. 
Pearce,  Henry,  340. 
Pearson,  Clement,  386. 
Peck,  William,  174. 
Pelton,  Harrison  S.,  420. 
Pelton,  Sylvester,  loi. 
Penniman,  William,  392. 
Penna.  Homo.  Hosp.  for  Chil.,  119. 
Pennsylvania,  Homo,  in,  iii. 
Pennsylvania,  Old  Practitioners  in,  160. 
Perkins,  Robert  S.,  163. 
Perrine,  George  W.,  339. 
Perrine,  James  K.,  420. 
Perry,  J.  D.,  325. 
Peterson,  James,  290. 
Pfeiffer,  Geo.  S.  F.,  147,  249. 
Pfonts,  John  S.,  339,  413, 
Pharmacies  in  New  York  State,  T02. 
Pharmacies  in  Ohio.  185. 
Philadelphia,  List  of  Old  Homo.  Practi- 
tioners, 159. 
Phillips,   Albert   W.,   208. 
Pike,  A.  J.,  261. 
Piper,  John,  317. 
Pitney,  Aaron,  345. 
Pittsburgh,  Homo,  in,  153. 


Plumbe,  E.  O.,  418. 

Polk  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  386. 

Pollock,  Alex.,  360. 

Pomeroy,   Thomas   F.,   Sketch,  331. 

Fond,  I.  W.,  154. 

Pope,  Gustavus  W.,  319. 

Porter,  David   C,   154. 

Porter,  Isaac  G..  202. 

Porter,  Maria  W.,  387. 

Porter,  William  W.,  357. 

Portland  Meth.  Hosp.,  413. 

Potter,   E..  356. 

Powers,  David  C,  330. 

Practitioners  in  New   York,  Early,   104. 

Practitioners  in  Penna.,   160. 

Practitioners   in   Phila.,   159. 

Pratt,  Leonard,  153,  358. 

Pratt,  S.  Milton,  415. 

Prentice,  Nathan   Fay,  359. 

Pretsch,  Dr..  154. 

Price,  Dr.,   174. 

Price,  E.  H.,  372. 

Provers'  Union,  38. 

Provers'  Union  and  Mat.  Med.  Club.  351. 

Pulsifer,  Moses  R.,  310. 

Pulsifer,   Nathan  G.  H.,  310. 

Pulte,  Joseph  H..  152,  171. 

Pyburn,  George,  408. 

Q 

Quin,  James  M..  92. 
Quinby,  Watson  Fell,  2~2. 

R 

Raue,  Charles  G.,  250. 

Ravold,  Jacques.  366. 

Raymond,  Jonas  C.,  383. 

Rea,  Albert,  312. 

Reading  Homo.  Hosp.,  123. 

Reed,  Maro  Mch.,  358. 

Reichhelm.  Gustavus,   154. 

Reid,  Fidelia  R.  H.,  340. 

Reinhold,  C.  G.,  150. 

Reisner.  J.  C,  153. 

Rensselaer  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  97. 

Reud,  William  R.,  382. 

Rhees,  Morgan  John,  245. 

Rheiwinkle,   F.  H.,   177. 

Rhode  Island  Homo.  Hosp.,  276. 

Rhode  Island,  Homo,  iij,  275. 

Rhode  Island  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  276. 

Rich,  Jane  A..  266. 

Richards,   George  W.,  244. 

Richmond,  B.  W..  175. 

Richter,  F.  L.,  418. 

Richter,  Moritz,  380. 

Ring,  Hamilton.  180. 

Rivera,   D.,  2>1^. 

Roberts,  Francis  A.,  308. 

Roberts,  Jacob,  308. 


12 


INDEX 


Robinson,  Henry  D.,  253. 
Robinson,  Horatio,  95. 
Robinson.  Lucy,  400. 
Robinson,  Samuel  A.,  154. 
Roche,  Manning  B.,  228. 
Rochester  Homo.  Hosp.,  57. 
Rockford  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  351. 
Rock  River  Inst,  of  Homo.,  350. 
Rockwell,  R.  W.,  205. 
Rodman,  \Vm.  W.,  206. 
Rogers,  Smith,  329. 
Romig,  George  M.,  135. 
Romig,  John,  135. 
Romig.  William  H..  135. 
Rosa,  Lemuel  K.,  183. 
Rosa.  Storm,  182. 
Rosenstein.  L  G.,  283. 
Rossman,  Robert,  98. 
Routh,  G.  E..  376. 
Royer,  Dr..  375. 
Rueckert.  Ernst  Ferd.,  40. 
Runner,  Reuben  C.,  367. 
Russell,   George.  232. 
Rutherford,  C.  E.,  301. 
Rutland  Co.,  Homo,  in,  267. 
Rutter,  J.  C,  154. 


Saal,   Gerhard,   176. 
Sabine,  L.,  325. 
St.  Luke's  Homo.  Hosp.,  125. 
St.  Luke's  Hosp.,  410. 
St.  Mary's  Homo.  Hosp.,  Passaic,  242. 
St.  Paul  Homo.  Hosp.,  390. 
St.  Vincent's  Hosp.,  169. 
Sanborn,  Beniah,  263. 
Sanborn,  J.  AL,  263. 
Sanborn.  John,  264. 
Sandicky,  Dr.,  305. 
Sanford,   Charles  E.,  204. 
Sanford,  Edward,  235. 
San  Francisco  Co.  Soc.  of  Homo.  Practi- 
tioners, 380. 
San  Francisco  Surg,  and  Gynec.  Inst..  380. 
Saunders.   Chas.   F.,  278. 
Savage,  A.  M..  102. 
Sawin,  Isaac  \\'.,  281. 
Sawyer,  Alfred  I.,  Sketch,  332. 
Sawyer,  Benj.  F...  236. 
Saxenburger,  F.,  399. 
Saynisch,  Lewis,   149. 
Schafer,   Dr.,  343. 
Schcurer.  P.,  143. 
Schlagel,  Dr.,   174. 
Schley.  James  M.,  334. 
Schmidt,  Jacob.  144,  198. 
Schmoele.  William,   144. 
Schue,  John,  202. 

Schuyler  County.  N.  Y..  Homo,  in,   loi. 
Scott  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  386. 
Scott.  Dr.,  154. 


Scott,  M.  L.,  407. 

Searles,  Samuel.  154. 

Sears,   R.   H.,   Reminiscences,   301. 

Seidlitz,  George  M.,  387. 

Sel fridge,  J.  M.,  382. 

Shackford,  Rufus,  307. 

Shawnee  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  415. 

Shearer,  Thomas,  414. 

Sheffield,  Henry,  369. 

Shepherd,  Alfred,  177. 

Shepherd,   David.    175. 

Sheppard,  Wm.  R.,  254. 

Sherman,  John  H.,  237. 

Shipman,  George  E.,  353,  355. 

Shivers.  Bowman  H.,  247. 

Sieze,  Emanuel,  94. 

Similia  Similibus  Curantur,  Principle  of. 

22. 
Sisson,  Edward  R.,  229. 
Sisson,  William  H.  H.,  399. 
Sioux  City  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  386. 
Skeels,   Alfred   P.,   393. 
Skiflf,  Charles  H.,  202. 
Skiff,  Chas.  W.,  203. 
Skiff,  Paul  C,  203. 
Slye.  Lawton  C,  340. 
Small,  Alvan  E.,  150. 
Smith,  David  S.,  345. 
Smith,  D.  S.,  357. 
Smith,  Eugene,  422. 
Smith,  F.  S.,  154. 
Smith.  John  Elisha.  400. 
Snow,  Robert  A.,  179. 
Societc  Hahn.  De  La  N.  Orleans,  188. 
Society  of  Homo.  Pract.,  380. 
Society  of  Homo.  Phys.  of  Iowa,  386. 
Sook.  Henry  L.,   176. 
South  Carolina.  Homo,  in,  413. 
Southern   Cal.  State  Asy.  for  Insane  and 

I  neb.,  380. 
Southern  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  188. 
Southern  Kan.  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  415. 
Southern  Tier  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  50. 
Spain,   Homoeopathy  in,  20. 
Sparhawk,  George  E.  F.,  262. 
Sparhawk,  Samuel  H.,  263. 
Spaulding.  Dr.,  99,  364. 
Spencer,   Nathan,  98. 
Sperry,  Dr.,  390. 
Spooner,  John  P.,  216. 
Spranger,  F.  X.,  154. 
Springer.  C.  F..  375. 
Stapf.  Johann   Ernst.  38. 
Starr,  Edward  W.,  335. 
Starrctt.  Simon  P..  393. 
State  Asylum  for  Insane,  Mo.,  364. 
State  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  of  Miss.,  395. 
Stearns.  Daniel  Edward.  JX 
Stegemann.  Dr.,  42. 
Steinestel,  J.  D.,  365. 
Stevens,  Charles  A.,  98. 


INDEX 


13 


Stevens,  Grenville  S.,  277. 

Stevens,  Porter,  383. 

Stewart,  David  G.,  300. 

Stewart,  Jerry  W.,  415. 

Stewart,  Walter,  91,  396. 

Stone,  Henry  E.,  205. 

Storke,  Eugene  F.,  408. 

Stout,  Henry  Rice,  410. 

Stratton,  C.  W.,  236. 

Streeter,  George  D.,  376,  399. 

Sturdevant,  Thomas,  254. 

Sturm,  William,  171. 

Suffolk  County,  N.  Y.,  Homo,  in,  102. 

Swain,  Marcus,  340. 

Swan,  Daniel,  216. 

Swazey,  George  W.,  226. 

Sweden,  Homoeopathy  in,  19. 

Swinney,  John  G.,  273. 

Syracuse  and  Utica  Com.  of  Homo.  Phys. 

100. 
Syracuse  Homo.  Hosp.,  59. 


Tacoma  Homo.  Acad,  of  Med.,  424. 
Taft,  Cincinnatus  A.,  201. 
Taft,  Gustavus  M.,  201. 
Tantum,  Joseph  R.,   274. 
Taplin,  T.  C,  259. 
Tarbell,  John  Adams,  219. 
Taxil,  L.  V.  M.,  189. 
Taylor,  Charles,  201. 
Taylor,  Charles  W.,  234. 
Taylor,  Dr.  George,  201. 
Taylor,  John,  92. 
Taylor,  Oliver  B.,  204. 
Temple,  John,  363. 
Temple,  Peter,  367. 
Tennessee,  Homo,  in,  369. 
Terre  Haute  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  297. 
Texas,  Homo,  in,  373. 
Texas  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  373. 
Tifft,  John,  176. 

Tioga  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  149. 
Thayer,  David,  221. 
Thayer,  S.  B.,  327. 
Thayer,  S.  B.,  Biog.,  331. 
The  Dakotas,  Homo,  in,  418. 
Thomas,  Wm.  Way,  273. 
Thompson,  Greenfield,  310. 
Thorp,  John  H.,  loi. 
Thome,  Joshua,  366. 
Thorne,  L.,  406. 
Todd,  W.  S.,  Sr.,  loi. 
Toledo  Protestant  Hosp.,  171. 
Tomlinson,  Rev.  Mr.,  222. 
Topeka  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  415. 
Tracy,  L.  M.,  96,  338. 
Train,  Horace  Dwight,  223. 
Trinks,  Dr.  C.  F.,  41- 
Troyer,  Moses,  355. 


Tucker,  S.  Giles,  202. 
Tyson,  Dr.,  367. 

U 

Ulrich,  Dr.,  343. 
Utah,  Homo,  in,  417. 
Utah  Homo.  Med.  Assn.,  417. 
Utica  Homo.  Hosp.,  59. 

V 
Vail,  Ira,  364. 
Vail,  J.,  190. 

Van  Beuren,  Louis  Folk,  78. 
Van  Buren,  L.  H.,  295. 
Vanderburgh,  Federal,  79. 
Van  Deusen,  H.  A.,  237. 
Van  Deusen,  James  M.,  261. 
Van  Dusen,  A.,  327. 
Vastine,  Thomas  J.,  364. 
Veith,  Prof.   S.,  41. 
Venango  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Verdi,  Giro  S.,  321. 
Verdi,  Tullio  S.,  320. 
Vermont,  Homo,  in,  258. 
Vermont  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  258. 
Vinal,  L.  G.,  255. 
Virginia,  Homo,  in,  162. 
Virginia,  Old  Phys.  of,  164. 
Voak,  John  Emory,  357. 
von  Gottschalk,  Wm.,  281. 

W 

Wager,  Sanford,  265. 

Waggoner,  Calvin  C,  388. 

Wahlenberg,     Dr.     George,     Introduces 

Hom'y  in  Sweden,  19. 
Wakeman,  John  A.,  360. 
Walkenbarth,  Dr.,  366. 
Walker,  Amos,  326. 
Walker,  Charles,  222. 
Walker,  George  S.,  366. 
Walker,   L.,  400. 
Walthall,  Dr.,  164. 
Walther,  Edward,  388,  391. 
Ward,  Isaac  M.,  242. 
Ward,  Walter,  245. 
Ward's  Island  Homo.  Hosp.,  57. 
Warner,  Nash  Hull,  97. 
Washington  Co.,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Homo,  in,  315. 
Washington  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  317. 
Washington,  Homo,  in,  424. 
Washington   Medical  and  Surgical   Club, 

3^7- 
Washington  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  424. 
Wauke,  Dr.,    152. 
Way,  Jacob  H.,  399. 
Wayne  Co.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  297. 
Wayne  County,  Pa.,  Homo,  in,  154. 


14 


INDEX 


Weber,  Charles  S.,  392. 

Webster,  Elias,  I79- 

Webster,  H.  D.  L.,  422. 

Webster,  William,  179. 

Wedelstaedt,  H.,  390. 

Weisicker,  Dr.,  383. 

Weld,  Chris.  M.,  219. 

Wellman,  Washington  I..  loi. 

Wells,  Phineas  P.,  93 

Werder,  Max  J.,  154. 

Werder,  Maximilian,  382. 

Westboro  Asylum  for  Insane,  212. 

West,   Edwin,   154. 

West  Jersey  Homo.  Hosp.,  242. 

West  Phila.   Homo.  Hosp.  and  Disp.,  128 

West  Virginia,  Homo,  in,  402. 

West  Virginia  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  163. 

Wesselhoeft,  Robert,   134,  233. 

Wesselhoeft,  William.  132.  218. 

Western  Dist.  N.  J.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  241. 

Western  Ky.  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  284. 

Western  New  York  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  50. 

Wheat,  John  N.,  392. 

Wheaton,  P.  M..  327,  369. 

Wheeler.  John,  174. 

White,  Isaiah,  417. 

White,  Wm.  H.,  329. 

Whitehead.  Cobiirn.  149. 

Whitfield,  N.  C.  418. 

Whitman,  Joshua  A.,  413. 

Whitman.  Marcus,  412. 

Whittier.  Daniel  B.,  237. 

Whittle,  Joshua  F.,  290. 

Wichita   Homo.   Hosp.,   415. 

Wiestling,  Dr.,  154. 

Wigand,  Henry,   179. 

Wilcox,  George  D..  281. 

Wild,  Charles.  216. 

Wilder,  Daniel,  229. 

Wilkinson,  Ross  M..  246. 

Williams,  Chas.  D.,  179. 

Williams,  George  W..  376. 

Williams,  John  A..  370. 

Williams,  Xancy  T.,  310. 


Williams,  Savina  L.,  387. 

Williamson,  Walter,   150. 

Williamson,  Walter  M.,  340. 

Wilmington  Homo.  Hosp..  270. 

Wilmington  Med.  Club,  270. 

Wilsey,  Ferd.  Little,  63. 

Wilson,  Abraham  Duryea,  70. 

Wilson,  G.  Herrick.  206. 

Wilson,  Pusey,  247. 

Vvindham  Co.,  Homo,  in,  267. 

Winslow,  Caroline  B.,  321. 

Vv'isconsin,  Homo,  in,  ai- 

Wisconsin  Institute  of  Homo.,  338. 

Wisconsin  State  Homo.  Med.  Soc,  338- 

Wislicenus,  W.  E.,  40. 

Witherill,  A.  A.,  lOi. 

Witherill,  Edwin  C,  I73- 

Wolf.  Dr.  Paul,  41. 

Woman's  Homo.  Hosp.,  St.  Louis,  364. 

Women's  Homo.  Med.  Soc.  of  Chicago,  351. 

Woman's   Infirmary  Assn.   of  Wash.   Hts., 

54. 
Woman's  So.  Homo.  Hosp.  of  Phila.,  125. 
Wood,  John  Gage,  225. 
Wood,  Orlando  S.,  399- 
Woodbury  Co..   Homo.   Med.   Soc,  386. 
Woodruff.  Francis,  329. 
WoodrufT,  William  L.,  4i9- 
Woodvine.  Denton  G..  234. 
Woodward.  Edward  P..  204. 
Worcester  Homo.  Hosp.,  214. 
Worcester.  Samuel,  265. 
World's  Fair  Homo.  Emerg.  Hosp.,  352. 
Wright,  A.  J.,  422. 
Wright,  A.  S.,  382. 
Wright,  Augustus  S.,  297,  398. 
Wright,  Clark,  84. 
Wright,  Nathaniel  Van  W.,  424. 
Wyoming,  Homo,  in,  417. 


Yonkers  Homo.  Hosp.,  59. 
Youlin,  John  J.,  251. 


I 


History  of  HoiiKtopathy 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


ITS  INSTITUTIONS  IN  AMERICA 


CHAPTER  I 


■  he  Subject  Introduced — Discovery  in  Medical  Science — Brief  Allusion  to  the  Founder — 
Homoeopathy  in  Germany  —  Bohemia — Austria — Russia — France — Italy — America — 
Sweden — Great   Britain — Spain — Belgium — Cuba. 

The  discovery  of  glaring  and  inexcusable  inconsistencies  in  the  practice 
and  administration  of  medicine  during  the  last  quarter  of  the  eighteenth 
century  led  to  the  promulgation  of  a  safer  method  of  cure  than  the  world 
had  before  known.  It  is  said  that  evolution  and  development  were  the  talis- 
manic  watchwords  of  the  nineteenth  century,  during  which  were  made  the 
greatest  strides  in  advancement  in  the  arts  and  sciences  that  the  world  had 
known  in  all  history,  and  that  among  the  thousands  of  remarkable  discov- 
eries which  marked  that  century  most  of  them  dated  within  the  last  half 
thei-eof.  This  may  be  true,  and  if  it  is  homoeopathy  is  to  be  credited  to  the 
advances  in  medical  science  of  the  preceding  century,  and  to  have  attained 
its  greatest  degree  of  development  and  perfection  during  the  last  fifty  years. 
Homoeopathy  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century  rests  on  the  solid 
fundamental  principle  established  by  its  founder  more  than  a  hundred  years 
ago,  and  from  that  beginning  has  advanced  in  every  conceivable  direction,- 
keeping  even  step  witli  the  grand  march  of  progress  in  every  branch  of 
science  throughout  all  subsequent  time. 

It  was  not  that  Hahnemann  was  raised  up  for  his  special  mission  in  life; 
he  was  bom  and  raised  and  trained  as  were  others  of  his  time ;  in  childhood 
and  youth  endowed  with  mental  qualities  as  were  those  with  whom  he  asso- 
ciated, not  more  gifted  than  they,  perhaps,  but,  unlike  them,  was  possessed 
of  a  studious  mind,  an  inquiring  nature,  and  he  loved  the  companionship  of 
his  books  more  than  the  pleasures  of  idle  hours,  and  far  more  than  he  loved 
his  father's  workshop,  v/here  he  was  sought  to  be  kept  with  the  brushes  and 
paints  and  porcelain  wares  until  he  was  skilled  in  the  art  of  his  father.  But 
whatever  the  environment  of  his  vouth,  his  early  advantages  in  education 
and  his  ultimate  determination  to  enter  upon  the  life  of  a  physician,  Hahne- 
mann was  in  manv  respects  a  remarkable  man,  and  what  he  did  was  only  the 
right  employment  of  the  talents  with  which  he  had  been  endowed  by  nature 
and  directed  by  circumstances. 

It  has  been  said  with  nuich  truth  that  the  early  history  of  homoeopathy 
in   Gcrmanv  was  only  the  history  of  Hahnemann's  life  in   that  country,  the 


18  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

storv  of  wliich  is  told  b\  Bradford  in  these  pages,  as  it  has  been  told  by  hun- 
dreds of  other  commentators.  "  It  is  easy  to  show,"  Puhlman  says  of  Hahne- 
mann. '•  that  when  he  advanced  his  new  doctrine  he  not  only  made  opposi- 
tion to  the  spirit  of  that  time,  but  that  he  necessarily  paid  a  tribute  to  the 
latter  by  plantmjr  the  roots  of  the  new  system  into  the  old  soil.  We  know 
from  his  biography  that  he  withdrew  in  disgust  from  the  old  shallow  mode 
of  practice  and  devoted  himself  for  some  time  to  the  study  of  chemistry." 

To  appreciate  the  worth  of  Hahnemann's  character  one  must  also  know 
something  of  the  condition  of  medicine  in  his  time,  but  a  thorough  study  of 
this  subject  leads  into  a  limitless  field,  dangerous  and  uncertain  even  to 
the  cautious  logician  of  the  twentieth  century,  for  the  greatest  achievements 
in  this  particular  branch  of  science  are  credited  to  the  last  fifty  years.  This 
is  true  not  onlv  of  the  homa:opathic  school,  but  as  well  of  the  so-called  (by 
themselves)  regular  school. 

Rut  the  opponents  of  the  doctrine  propounded  by  Hahnemann,  and  im- 
proved upon  and  elaborated  by  his  more  modern  followers,  never  have 
regarded  homoeopathy  in  the  light  of  advanced  medical  science,  and  with 
the  truth  before  them  of  the  enlightened  age  in  which  they  live,  still  charac- 
terize the  principles  of  similia  similibus  curanhir  as  one  of  the  fallacies  of 
a  former  era :  but  they  practice  it,  at  times  consult  its  "  dogmatic  "  theories, 
and  having  intelligently  investigated  and  compared  it  with  the  teachings 
under  which  they  themselves  were  schooled,  they  are  frequently  led  to  accept 
its  truths  and  employ  them  in  practice.  It  is  a  fact  that  in  America  to-day 
just  about  one-sixth  ]iart  of  the  medical  practitioners  employing  the  agencies 
of  cure  taught  exclusively  in  homoeopathic  schools  are  graduates  of  allo- 
pathic colleges,  and  that  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  of  the  hundred  schools 
of  medical  instruction  in  America  onlv  one-fifth  of  them  are  distinctly  homoe- 
opathic in  teaching. 

Hahnemann  pro|~jOundcd  his  startling  dogma  in  Germany  in  1790.  after 
which  the  new  school  passed  through  many  wonderful  and  prolonged  tests, 
trials  and  opposition  before  it  was  recognized  and  tolerated  in  other  countries. 
But  the  reed  had  been  sown  in  fertile  German  soil,  grew  there  and  flour- 
ished, au'l  eventually  spread  out  its  branches  into  other  lands.  According 
to  Altschul.  the  new  doctrine  was  introduced  in  Bohemia  in  181 7,  and  in 
the  next  year  \'eith,  the  great  nestor,  had  his  attention  directed  to  it  by 
Krastiansky,  the  famous  army  surgeon.  In  Austria  it  found  lodgment  in 
i8ig,  with  Gossner  practicing  in  Oberhollabrun  and  Mussek  in  Seafeld,  but 
in  the  same  year  Emperor  Francis  I  ordered  that  "  Dr.  Hahnemann's  homre- 
opathic  method  of  cure  should  be  crencrally  and  strictly  forbidden ;"  but  the 
prohibition  was  only  tcmnorarv.  In  Russia  the  system  was  first  introduced 
by  laymen  as  early  as  1823.  and  soon  afterward  Dr.  Adams,  the  friend  of 
Hahnemann,  bec:an  jiractice  in  .St.  IVtcrsburg.  France  caught  the  infection 
in  1830,  when  the  new  doctrine  found  there  its  first  expounder  in  Count  des 
Guidi,  a  doctor  ot  medicine,  doctor  of  science,  and  inspector  of  the  Uni- 
versity at  Lyons,  who  had  occasion  to  consult  de  Romani.  a  homoeopathic 
physician  of  great  reputation  in  Naples. 

In  writing  of  the  introduction  of  homoeopathv  into  Italv,  Dadea,  M.D. 
of  Turin,  says  the  seed  was  sown  in  the  soil  of'  Naples  by  the  Au'striatis 
who  eiUered  that  citv  m  ^March.  1821.  "to  deprive  its  noble  inhabitants  of 
the  liberty  they  had  gained  bv  the  revolution  of  the  same  vear.  The  general 
in   command   of   the   army   of   occupation.   Baron    Francis 'Roller    a   devoted 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  19 

friend  of  homoeopathy,  presented  to  the  Royal  Academy  of  Naples  a  copy 
of  Hahnemann's  Organon  and  Materia  Medica,  inviting  them  to  make  use 
of  it  for  the  benefit  of  conscience  and  humanity." 

Gram  carried  the  new  system  on  his  voyage  to  America  in  1825,  when 
he  set  foot  on  the  soil  of  New  York,  then,  as  now,  the  first  city  in  the  land, 
and  he  the  first  exponent  of  the  doctrine,  a  scholar,  teacher,  and  in  every 
respect  a  gentleman,  but  not  well  calculated  to  combat  the  prejudices  of 
those  who  made  war  on  his  principles.  This  was  the  home-coming  of  Gram, 
but  the  tidings  he  bore  found  no  warm  welcome  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
Further  than  this  it  does  not  become  this  chapter  to  treat  of  homoeopathy  in 


Dr.  Johann  Ernst  Stapf. 

America,  that  being  the  principal  subject  of  the  greater  work  of  which  these 
comments  arc  only  introductory. 

The  honor  of  having  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Sweden  is  accorded  to 
Dr.  George  Wahlenberg,  a  professor  in  the  University  of  Upsala,  whose 
duties  required  him  to  lecture  on  the  subjects  of  botany  and  pharmacia  and 
organica,  and  who  in  order  to  qualify  himself  for  his  work  felt  bound  to 
study  the  few  homoeopathic  books  then  extant ;  and  having  studied  them, 
he  became  convinced  of  their  rational  truth,  although  he  himself  never  prac- 
ticed the  new  system.  This  honor  fell  to  Leidbeck  and  Souden,  whose  first 
proselyte  was  Sondcrberg,  the  eminent  botanist  and  ornithologist,  who  had 
settled  in  the  little  ancient  town  of  Sigtuna. 

Kerr,  ]\I.D.  of  Cheltenham,  in  his  historical  narrative  says  that  although 
Hahnemann  published  his  Organon  of  Medicine  as  far  back  as  1810,  it  was 


20  HISTORY  OF  PIOMCEOPATHY 

not  until  1826  tliat  professional  notice  of  homoeopathy  was  taken  in  Great 
Britain,  when  at  a  meeting  of  the  Medical  Society  of  London  in  that  vear 
the  subject  was  introduced,  inquired  into,  voted  upon,  and  "  dropped ;"  a 
most  natural  result  when  the  condition  of  the  medical  profession  in  the 
United  Kingdom  at  that  time  is  considered.  In  the  next  year,  however, 
there  settled  in  London  Frederic  F.  Quin,  physician  and  one  of  the  suite  of 
Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg.  Quin  had  studied  homoeopathy  in  Ger- 
many, practiced  it  in  Naples,  and  had  the  honor  of  introducing  it  in  England. 
But  Quin,  on  account  of  his  presumption  in  practicing  in  England  without 
license  from  that  august  body,  the  censors  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians, 
was  brought  to  bar  by  them,  threatened  with  penalties,  but  not  giving  heed 
to  tliese  admonitions  was  left  severely  alone  to  pursue  his  own  pleasure  in 
undisturbed  peace.  Later  on,  however,  homoeopathy  came  under  the  ban 
of  persecution  in  Great  Britain  and  was  subjected  to  a  series  of  bitter  attacks, 
but  withstood  them  all  and  emerged  from  the  contest  stronger  and  better 
than  ever  before. 

"  In  1829  there  came  to  Madrid,"  says  the  narrative  of  the  homoeopathic 
society  of  the  Spanish  capital  city.  ''  a  royal  commission  sent  by  the  King 
of  Naples  to  attend  the  marriage  of  Donna  Maria  Christina  with  Don  Ferdi- 
nand VII,  to  which  commission  Dr.  Horatiis,  a  practitioner  of  homoeopathy, 
was  attached  as  physician.  But  as  his  stay  in  Spain  was  short  he  left  no 
notable  results  of  the  reformed  medicine  which  he  practiced."  Of  more 
importance  were  the  services  rendered  by  a  layman,  Zuarte,  a  merchant  of 
Cadiz,  who,  when  travelling  for  his  health,  made  the  acquaintance  of  Necker, 
and  became  an  enthusiast  on  the  subject  of  homoeopathic  treatment.  Zuarte 
was  the  friend  of  Senor  \^ilalba  of  the  diplomatic  corps,  and  they  traveled 
together  to  Coethen  to  visit  Hahnemann  and  consult  with  him  concerning 
the  illness  of  the  former.  Following  the  founder's  advice,  he  went  to  Lyons 
and  was  cured,  and  in  the*  gratitude  of  his  heart  he  bought  copies  of  Hahne- 
mann's works  and  distributed  them  among  the  phvsicians  of  Andalusia;  and 
he  sent  to  Leipsic,  at  his  own  expense,  a  medical  student  to  receive  the 
instructions  of  the  most  famous  German  homoeopaths  of  the  time.  Thus  the 
homoeopathic  doctrine  first  became  known  in  Spain  in  1829  and  1830,  and 
was  first  practiced  in  the  Andalusian  provinces  of  that  countrv. 

Belgium  in  the  center  of  Western  Europe  has  for  centuries  excited  the 
covetonsness  of  her  powerful  neighbors— Holland  on  the  north;  the  German 
empire  ot^  the  cast;  France  on  the  west  and  southwest,  and  England  on  the 
west  and  separated  from  her  by  the  North  Sea.  During  the  last  five  cen- 
turies Belgium  has  been  occupied  in  turn  bv  France,  Spain  and  Germanv, 
and  not  until  1830  was  she  separated  from'  Holland  to  establish  an  inde- 
pendent government.  About  1829  homoeopathv  made  its  appearance  in  the 
country,  when  DeMoor  of  Alost,  titular  surgeon  of  the  civil  hospital,  made 
himself  the  apostle  of  the  new  system.  About  two  vears  afterward  Varlez 
and  earlier  adopted  homoeopathic  practice  in  Brussels,  and  in  18^7  thev 
with  the  .^ssistance  of  Brixhe.  Dugniolle.  \'an  Meerbur,  Dunemberg  and 
others  founded  the  Belgian  Homrtopathic  Societv. 

Homc£ojiathy  was  introduced  into  Havana  about  1842  bv  Francisco  de 
P.  Escopet.  who  came  from  Spain  at  that  time.  The  earliest  practitioner 
ot  the  school  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  was.  Joaquin  Bramon,  who  came  from 
Barcelona  in  Spain  in  1845  and  continued  in  practice  until  1847      In  Jamaica 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  21 

homoeopathy  was  practically  unknown  until  after  1870,  and  then  its  advocates 
were  for  a  time  suppressed  by  the  civil  authorities. 

Such,  then,  is  a  mere  outline  of  the  introduction  of  homcEopathy  in 
various  European  countries  and  some  of  their  western  possessions.  It  is 
not  the  province  of  this  work  to  treat  in  detail  the  history  of  homceopathy 
in  other  countries  than  America,  but  only  to  trace  in  a  general  way  the 
gradual  outspreading  of  the  system  from  its  original  home  in  Germany  to 
other  foreign  principalities  and  ultimately  into  America ;  and  whatever  is 
written  in  these  introductory  pages  is  only  to  lay  the  foundation  of  the  ex- 
haustive narrative  wliich  begins  with  the  story  of  Hahnemann's  life  and  his 
subsequent  achievements  as  told  b}'  Bradford. 


r 


22  HISTORY  ()]'   H()Mn':OPATHY 


CHAPTER  n 

The  Beginnings  of  Homceopathy— Hahnemann,  the  Founder — His  Birth  and  Education — 
His  Trials  and  Triumphs— His"  Death— Brief  Allusion  to  Some  of  the  Provers, 
Disciples  of  the  Founder. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  principle  of  similia  similihus  cnranhir  is  as  old  as  the  history  of 
medicine.  The  fact  that  a  substance  capable  of  producing  a  certain  series 
of  symptoms  will  also  remove  like  symptoms  when  produced  by  some  other 
cause,  was  known  to  the  ancient  fathers  of  medicine.  But  like  many  another 
truth,  although  cures  resulted  occasionally  and  were  noted  by  medical  writers, 
no  effort  ever  was  made  to  understand  and  make  practical  use  of  this  law  of 
nature  until  Hahnemann,  a  German  chemist  and  physician,  whose  attention 
was  by  chance  called  to  it,  began  by  personal  experimentation  to  test  its  truth. 
After  much  effort,  through  trials,  through  trouble  and  ridicule,  harassed 
by  poverty,  ostracised  by  his  fellows,  he  steadily  pursued  his  way,  destined 
to  triumph  in  the  end  and  to  lay  his  burden  down,  having  passed  by  many 
years  the  usual  span  of  life,  in  the  most  brilliant  of  the  cities  built  by  men,, 
rich,  respected,  and  honored,  recognized  as  the  founder  and  the  master  of 
a  great  medical  system  whose  practitioners  were  established  in  many  coun- 
tries. And  it  was  no  idle  utterance  that  fell  finally  from  his  lips — "  ATow 
inutilis  vixi " — I  have  not  lived  in  vain. 

It  has  been  said  that  genius  consists  in  a  capacity  for  taking  infinite 
pains.  It  is  equally  true  that  the  exercise  of  that  faculty  is  not  entirely  at 
the  option  of  the  individual.  There  is  a  force  within  man  that  impels  him 
to  labor  at  an  appointed  task,  at  the  picture,  the  book,  the  nation's  cause,  or 
humanity's.  The  artist  is  unhappy  away  from  his  canvas  where  every  touch 
is  a  means  to  the  fulfilment  of  a  definite  purpose,  and  he  must  continue  to 
lay  tint  u]ion  tint  and  color  beside  color  until  the  glorious  conception  of  the 
perfect  picture  is  fixed  upon  the  canvas  to  delight  future  generations  of 
man.  The  author  must  write  on  regardless  of  his  surroundings;  he  can  not 
help  himself:  his  tale  must  be  told.  The  general  must  direct  his  army  piti- 
lessly onward  over  rough  ways,  where  dead  bodies  are,  past  burning  homes, 
onward  to  victory  or  death  ;  it  is  his  destiny  and  he  must  fulfill  it.  The  "reformer 
must  walk  steadily,  with  unheeding  ears,  and  with  eyes  fixed  upon  a  future 
beyond  the  ken  of  his  fellows;  he  must  bear  the  jeers  of  the  world^s  idlers,, 
pressing  onward  to  the  end,  be  it  stake  or  laurel  crown.  Each  by  the  impell- 
ing power  within  him  is  driven  to  accompli.sh  his  destiny.  It  is  only  at  cer- 
tain periods  in  the  world's  history  that  such  a  man  is  born,  kindling  in  his 
heart  from  childhood  the  sacred  fire.  The  results  of  these  rare  birth-gifts 
to  the  world  mark  epochs  in  its  history,  and  by  them  mankind  is  advanced 
a  step  toward  the  fulfilment  of  the  Creator's  end.  Such  a  man  was  Hahne- 
miinn.  the  story  of  whose  remarkable  life  and  metlical  svstem  is  about  to 
be  told. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOrATHV 


23 


Samuol  Christian  FrcdtMick  Hahnemann  was  born  on  the  night  of  April 
lo.  1755,  at  Meissen,  Saxony,  the  son  of  a  porcelain  painter.  It  is  related 
that  the  father  gave  his  son  when  the  latter  was  five  years  old  lessons  in 
thinking,  devoting  a  certain  time  each  day  to  that  instrnction.  The  good 
father  during  these  hours  would  advise  the  boy  to  prove  all  things  and  fo 
hold  fast  to  that  which  was  good.  Early  in  life  he  was  placed  in  the  village 
school,  and  it  was  a  habit  of  his  boyhood  to  wander  over  the  beautiful  hills 
of  Meissen.     He  loved  to  study  the  plants  and 

made  an  herbarium :  he  was  fond  of  natural  '  | 

history.    So  apt  v/as  he  that  when  twelve  years  i 

old  the  good  Master  Midler  intrusted  to  him  to 
teach  the  rudiments  of  Greek  to  the  other 
pupils.  About  this  time  the  frugal  father 
wished  to  take  him  from  school  and,  after  the 
way  of  German  fathers,  set  him  to  work,  but 
Magister  Miiller.  the  principal,  entreated  the 
father  and  offered  to  remit  the  tuition,  upon 
which  the  bright,  studious  lad  was  allowed  to 
remain  at  his  books.  At  sixteen  he  entered 
the  ^Meissen  private  school.  Several  times  the 
father  took  his  son  from  school  only  to  be  per- 
suaded to  allow  him  to  return.  Once  he  ap- 
prenticed him  to  a  grocer  at  Leipsic,  but  the 
lad  ran  away  and  returned  home,  where  his 
mother  concealed  him  for  several  days  until 
the  father's  heart  was  softened.  It  is  also  re- 
lated that  the  father  objected  to  the  waste  of 
lighting  fluid  needed  for  midnight  study,  upon 
which  the  son  fashioned  a  rude  clay  lamp  anfl  hid  himself  with  his  books  at 
night  .in  a   retired  nook  in  the  rambling  old  Eck-house  where  he  lived. 

There  was  a  wonderful  native  force  within  the  boy  impelling  him  to 
study,  to  store  his  mind  wnth  useful  knowledge,  and  that  despite  paternal 
frowns  and  other  difficulties.  He  had  to  learn — it  was  destiny — and  the 
father  at  last  began  to  realize  that  there  was  sometlii.ng  in  this  country-bred 
lad  of  twenty  years;  this  eccentric  son,  who  already  knew  somewhat  of  Latin, 
Greek,  Hebrew,  history,  and  physics,  and  whom  nothing  in  the  way  of  oppo- 
sition could  deter  from  knowing,  and  that  he  ought  no  longer  attempt  to 
curb.  And  so  when  Samuel  was  twenty  years  old.  in  1775.  and  when  the 
Easter  bells  were  linging,  Hahnemann,  the  student,  received  from  his  father 
about  twenty  dollars,  with  permission  to  journev  to  Leipsic,  the  university 
town,  and  win  his  way  m  his  own  manner.  He  began  stxident  life  in  Leipsic 
by  attending  lectures  during  the  day  and  devoting  the  nights  to  translations 
from  the  English  into  German,  and  he  also  taught  (ierman  and  French  to 
a  rich  young  Greek.  A  generous  citizen  of  Meissen  had  presented  him  with 
free  tickets  to  the  medical  lectures,  but  his  literary  occupations  were  such  as 
to  prevent  him  from  attending  them  regularly;  but  he  studied  hard  and 
saved  his  money  that  he  might  sooner  go  to  the  more  advantageous  schools 
of  \'ienna.  Soon  after  he  went  to  Leipsic  he  was  defrauded  of  his  savings, 
and  for  nine  months  was  obliged  to  live  on  a  little  more  than  sixty-eight 
florins,  and  then  to  seek  a  self-supporting  position.  Rut  the  way  was  pro- 
vided in  the  person  of  Dr.  \ou  Ouarin,  who  was  physician  to  Maria  Theresa 


Dr.  Guslav  Wiihclm  Gross. 


24 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


and  Emperor  Joseph.  He  assisted  this  young  Saxon  scholar,  who  thus  spoke 
of  his  benefactor  many  years  afterwards :  "  He  respected,  loved  and  in- 
structed me  as  if  I  had  been  the  first  of  his  pupils,  and  even  more  than  this, 
and  he  did  it  all  without  expecting  any  compensation  from  me.  To  him  I 
am  indebted  for  my  calling  as  a  physician.  1  had  his  friendship  and  I  may 
almost  say  his  love,  and  I  was  the  only  one  of  my  age  whom  he  took  with 
him  lo  visit  his  private  patients." 

XOn  Ouarin  secured  for  Hahnemann  the  position  of  private  physician 
and  librarian  to  the  Baron  von  Bruckenthal,  who  was  governor  of  Sieben- 
burgen  and  li\ed  in  the  city  of  Hcrmanstadt.  For  a  year  and  nine  months 
he  remained  in  the  delightful  seclusion  of  \'on  Bruckenthal's  great  library, 
filled   with   priceless  books   and   manuscripts.      He   catalogued   his   collections 


tjiiljiinnnniis  lOcliiirlsljuus  m  .'llcifeni. 
Hahnemann's   Birlliplacc  in  Meissen. 

of  rare  coins  and  also  the  books,  and  arranged  them.  And  he  studied  them. 
He  was  always  studying,  making  ready  for  the  future  that  as  yet  he  dreamed 
not  of,  and  was  impelled  always  by  an  unknown  inward  force  to  gain  new 
and  varied  knowledge.  When  Hahnemann  left  Hermanstadt  he  was  master 
of  Greek,  Latin,  English.  Hebrew,  Italian,  Syriac,  Arabic,  Spanish,  German, 
and  had  besides  a  little  knowledge  of  Chaldaic ;  and  then  he  was  onlv  twenty- 
four  years  of  age. 

This  is  the  man  who  has  been  called  "that  ignorant  German  fanatic!" 
He  bade  the  gr>od  baron  farewell  in  the  spring  of  1779,  and  went  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Erlangen  to  take  his  degree  as  doctor  of  medicine,  chosing  Erlan- 
gen  because  the  fees  were  less  than  at  \'ienna.  At  this  place  on  August  10, 
1779,  he  successfully  defended  his  thesis,  and  received  his  diploma.  From 
the   time  of  gr-iduation   in   August  until   some  time   in   the   year    1780,   it   is 


HISTORY  OB'  HOMGEOPATHY  25 

probable  that  Hahnemann  travelled  about  in  the  towns  of  Lower  Hungary. 
In  the  summer  of  1780  a  home-longing  overcame  him  and  he  returned  to 
Saxony,  locating  in  the  little  town  of  Hetstadt  in  a  copper  mining  country, 
where  he  found  little  to  do  but  study  the  mining.  He  remained  there  nine 
months,  going  thence  in  the  springtime  of  1781  to  Dessau,  where  he  first 
turned  his  attention  to  chemistry,  of  which  he  afterwards  became  one  of  the 
most  able  exponents  and  experimentalists  of  the  time.  Here  also  he  gained 
much  knowledge  of  practical  mining  and  smelting,  which  he  afterwards 
utilized  in  writing  upon  those  subjects ;  and,  as  he  so  quaintly  said :  "  I 
filled  the  dormer  windows  of  my  mind." 

In    Dessau    Hahnemann    met    Johanna    Henrietta    Leopoldine    Kuchler, 
daughter  of  apothecary  Kuchler,  who  became  his  life  companion.     Thev  were 


\)v.  C.til  li...;;.  i.  1  ;aiiz. 

married  in  Dessau.  December  i,  1782.  He  was  twenty-seven  and  she  nine- 
teen years  old.  He  had  a  short  time  previous  taken  the  i)ost  of  parish  doctor 
at  Gommern.  a  small  town  not  far  from  Magdeburg.  They  went  there  and 
he  at  once  began  regularly  to  practice  his  profession.  Hahnemann  said  that 
there  had  previously  been  no  physician  at  this  place,  and  that  the  inhabitants 
had  no  desire  for  any  such  person.  Here  he  remained  two  years  and  nine 
months.  While  there  he  made  some  important  translations  and  published 
liis  first  original  book  "  On  the  Treatment  of  Old  Sores  and  Ulcers."  In 
this  work  he  gave  the  results  of  his  experience  in  Transylvania,  and  said 
that  the  patients  probably  would  have  done  quite  as  well  without  him.  And 
in  writing  of  his  treatment  of  a  case  of  caries  of  the  metatarsal  bone  he  said : 


20      ■  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

"  I  scraped  the  carious  bone  clean  out  and  removed  all  the  dead  part,  dressed 
it  with  alcohol  and  watched  the  result"  (not  a  bad  method  of  treatment  for 
the  surj^erv  of  the  present  day.  and  that  was  in  1784).  The  matter  of  hygiene 
was  mentioned  in  his  book,  although  at  that  time  it  was  very  ^little  under- 
stood.    Even  then  the  master  was  teaching  in  advance  of  his  time. 

He  now  began,  as  he  says,  to  taste  the  delights  of  home;  he  was  con- 
tented ;  his  books  and  his  official  position  supported  him ;  but  the  rude  and 
barbarous  medical  methods  of  the  day  disturbed  his  logical  and  educated 
mind,  which  was  trained  to  expect  definite  results ;  and  he  disliked  to  give 
compounds  of  whose  effects  on  patients  he  was  ignorant.  He  could  not 
accept  the  loose  ways  and  methods  of  the  existing  medical  schools.  In  the 
celebrated  letter  to  Hufeland,  the  "  Nestor  of  German  medicine,"  on  the 
■■  Necessity  of  a  Regeneration  in  INIedicine,"  published  some  time  afterward, 
Hahnemann  fully  explained  his  feelings  at  that  period  of  his  life,  and  his 
reasons  for  giving  up  the  old  practice  of  medicine  hampered  by  dogmas  of 
doubt.  He  resigned  his  position  at  Gommern  in  the  autumn  of  1784  and 
entirely  gave  up  practice  that  (in  his  own  words)  "  I  might  no  longer  incur 
the  risk  of  doing  injury,  and  I  engaged  exclusively  in  chemistry  and  in  liter- 
ary occupations."  His  mind  was  now  reaching  out  toward  his  ideal.  As  he 
once  said  to  Hufeland,  he  could  not  understand  a  God  who  had  not  provided 
some  certain  method  of  contemplating  diseases  from  their  own  aspect  and 
of  curing  tliem  with  certamty.  "  Rut  why  has  this  method  not  been  dis- 
covered during  the  twenty-jfive  or  thirty  centuries  in  which  men  have  called 
themselves  physicians  ?  Because  it  is  too  near  us,  and  too  easy ;  because  to 
attain  it  there  is  no  need  of  brilliant  sophisms  or  seducing  hypotheses."  Im- 
pelled by  a  something  within  him  to  seek,  Hahnemann  gave  up  the  old  prac- 
tice of  medicine  and  reduced  himself  and  familv  to  comparative  poverty  for 
conscience  sake,  and  in  the  fulfillment  of  the  immutable  law  in  his  nature 
that  he  was  powerless  to  overcome.  From  Gommern  he  removed  to  brilliant 
Dresden,  then  the  home  of  the  arts  and  the  sciences,  and  devoted  his  time 
to  translations  and  the  study  of  chemistry.  He  also  studied  medical  juris- 
prudence with  Dr.  ^^'agner.  the  town  physician  or  health  officer,  who  became 
his  friend  and  gave  him  charge  of  the  hosjiitals  of  the  town  for  a  vear.  At 
this  time  Hahnemann  was  well  known  in  Germany  as  a  scholarly  translator 
of  scientific  books,  and  a  daring  and  successful  experimentalist  in  chemistry. 
He  was  received  with  warm  welcome  by  the  distinguished  scholars  who  re- 
sided in  Dresden.  Adelung.  who  had  made  a  compilation  in  five  volumes  of 
the  history  of  all  the  known  languages  and  dialects  ("  Mithridates  ")  and 
who  was  perhaps  the  foremost  philologist  in  the  world  ;  Dasdorf.  the  libra- 
rian of  the  great  Electoral  library — himself  a  ripe  scholar ;  Blumenbach, 
the  naturalist ;  and  Laviosier,  the  ill-fated  chemist,  a  victim  of  the  reign  of 
terror.  Such  was  the  company  Hahnemann  enjoyed,  a  scholar  in  a  scholarly 
atmosphere,  and  in  the  companionship  of  men  of  wisdom.  This  life  con- 
tinued four  pleasant  years.  Up  to  this  time  all  the  translations  of  scientific 
works  and  the  original  books  he  had  written  were  of  such  a  nature  as  to 
render  him  more  fit  for  the  great  discoveries  he  was  soon  destined  to  make. 

In  Septeml^er.  178V.  Hahnemann  removed  to  Leipsic  and  continued  his 
lilerarv  work.  Ikfore  this  it  is  probable  that  he  had  no  idea  that  he  was- 
to  be  a  medical  reformer.  There  is  nothing  in  his  writings  to  indicate  such 
a  thought.  He  was  simply  a  learned  physician  and  chemist,  too  honest  to- 
bleed  and   purge   pnd   d.se  hi^   fellow  nHMi,  and  vaguelv  sc-eking  in   his  owrt 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  27 

iiiind  for  some  more  reasonable  and  safe  method  of  cure.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  at  Leipsic  and  while  he  was  translating  from  the  English  the  materia 

nedica  of  the  great  Scotch  physician,  William  Cullen,  he  was  led  by  certain 
■statements  in  the  book  to  make  some  original  experiments  upon  himself  re- 
garding the  effects  of  Peruvian  bark.     As  a  result  he  added  a  footnote  to  the 

-econd   volume   of   his   translation,   in   which   he   said :     "  I   took   by   way   of 

■xperiment,  twice  a  day,  four  drachms  of  good  China.  My  feet,  finger  tips, 
i!tc.,  at  first  became  cold ;  I  grew  languid  and  drowsy ;  then  my  heart  began 
to  palpitate,  and  my  pulse  grew  hard  and  small ;  intolerable  anxiety,  trembling 

I  but  without  cold  rigor),  prostration  throughout  all  my  limbs;  then  pulsation 
m  my  head,  redness  of  my  cheeks,  thirst,  and — in  short — all  these  symptoms 
which  are  ordinarily  characteristic  of  Intermittent  Fever,  made  their  appear- 
ance, one  after  another,  yet  without  the  peculiar  chilly  rigor.     This  paroxysm 

isted  two  or  three  hours  each  time,  and  recurred,  if  I  repeated  the  dose,  not 
otherzvise.  I  discontinued  it  and  was  in  good  health."  This  discovery  led  to 
experiment ;  analysis  led  to  synthesis. 

Hahnemann  passed  six  years  in  noting  the  effects  of  different  drugs  and 
poisons  on  healthy  persons. and  in  studying  old  volumes  of  recorded  experi- 
ments in  materia  medica.  His  family  was  pressed  into  the  service  and  friends 
also  assisted  him.  Each  was  tried  in  various  doses  and  in  every  possible 
variety  of  circumstance,  that  the  real  efl:'ect  might  be  clearly  understood.  All 
the  time  he  could  spare  from  his  translations  was  devoted  to  these  provings 
and  to  chemical  research. 

He  now  had  several  children  and  was  so  poor  that  the  whole  family 
lived  in  a  single  room,  while  the  father  pursued  his  work  in  one  corner,  sep- 
arated from  the  others  only  by  a  curtain.  It  was  his  custom  to  sit  up  every 
other  night  translating  in  order  to  gain  more  time  for  his  experiments.  In 
1791  poverty  compelled  him  to  go  to  the  little  village  of  Stotteritz,  where  he 
could  live  still  more  cheaply.  While  there  he  helped  in  the  work  of  the 
house,  wore  the  garments  and  the  heavy  wood.en  clogs  of  the  poor  German, 
and  even  kneaded  the  bread  with  his  own  hands.  Sickness  befell  his  family. 
He  had  lost  faith  in  medicine.  Of  this  period  he  writes :  "  Where  shall  I 
look  for  aid,  sure  aid?  sighed  the  disconsolate  father  on  hearing  the  moaning 
of  his  dear,  inexpressibly  sick  children.  The  darkness  of  the  night  and  the 
dreariness  of  the  desert  all  around  me;  no  prospect  of  relief  for  my  oppressed 
paternal  heart.''  Yet  always  he  had  in  mind  the  determination  to  continue  his 
experiments,  to  elaborate  the  new  law  that  he  had  begun  to  make  practicable. 
Previous  to  this  time  Hahnemann  had  no  opportunity  of  testing  on  the 
sick  the  result  of  the  drug-provings  on  the  healthy,  but  now  it  came.  A 
certain  influential  man,  Flerr  Klockingbring,  had  by  ridicule  been  lendered 
violently  insane,  and  his  wife,  having  heard  of  Hahnemann,  was  induced  to 
request  him  to  attend  her  husband.  Through  her  influence  the  Duke  of 
Gotha  gave  up  to  Hahnemann  for  the  experiment  a  wing  in  his  old  hunting 
castle  at  Georgenthal  at  the  foot  of  the  Thuringian  mountains,  nine  miles 
from  his  own  capital  of  Gotha.  He  caused  it  to  be  properly  arranged  for 
the  reception  of  the  maniac  and  his  keepers.  He  was  taken  with  the  madness 
in  the  winter  of  1791-92.  It  probably  was  in  the  spring  of  1792  that  Hahne- 
mann's attention  was  first  called  to  the  case,  and  during  that  summer  he 
went  to  Georgenthal.  It  was  a  case  of  acute  mania  and  Klockingbring  was 
very  violent,  requiring  several  keepers.  Hahnemann  says  that  for  two  weeks 
he  watched  him  without  giving  h'm  anv  medicine.     It  was  the  fashion  then 


28  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

to   treat    insane   persons    with    orreat    severity,    chaining,    beating   and    placing- |l' 
them   in   dark   (hnigeons.      Halinemann   (Hd   not   approve   of   this   and   treated    ! 
his   distinguished   patient   \vitli    great   gentleness.      It   has   been   claimed   that 
Hahnemann  was  in  advance  of  the  celebrated  alienist  Pinel   in  this  plan  of 
treating  the  insane.     It  was  during  this  same  year  of   1792  that   Pinel  first   ^ 
unchained  the  maniacs  in  the  hospital  of   Bicetre  at  Paris.     In   1793  Klock-i 
ingbring  returned  to  Hanover  completely  cured.  ■ 

Hahnemann  left  Georgenthal  in  Mav,  1793,  going  thence  to  Molschle- 
bcn,  a  small  village  near  Gotha.  From  letters  written  at  this  time  by  him 
to  a  ])atient,  and  which  have  been  published,  we  are  able  to  determine  his 
wlu'realx)uts  verv  correctlv.    He  went  from  Molschleben  to  Pvrmont.  and  from 


Dr.    ]""ranz    llartmann. 

there  in  1 796  to  Wolfenbuttel,  and  thence  to  Konigslutter,  where  he  remained 
until  1799,  when  he  went  to  Hamburg.  The  life  at  Konigslutter  is  mem- 
■orable  because  while  living  there  he  published,  in  1796,  in  "  The  Journal  for 
Practicing  Physicians,"  edited  by  his  friend  Hufeland,  and  which  was  the  most 
important  medical  journal  of  that  time,  his  celebrated  essay  on  a  "New  Prin- 
ciple for  Ascertaining  the  Curative  Powers  of  Drugs."  In  this  he  gave 
to  the  world  for  the  first  time  his  principle — similia  similibns  ciirantur,  explain- 
ing how  he  had  experimented  and  the  result.  It  was  only  after  six  years  of 
constant  trial  and  study  that  he  shared  his  wonderful  secret  with  the  medical 
world. 

During  the  last  year  of  the  life  at  Konigslutter  an  epidemic  of  scarlet 
fever  occurred,  and  Hahnemann  put  his  new  found  knowledge  to  the  proof. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  29' 

and  declared  that  belladonna,  inasmuch  as  it  would  produce  a  similar  drug 
CI  (udition,  would  cure  scarlet  fever — and  it  did ;  and  because  he  first  tested 
tlic  cure  on  the  sick  and  did  not  reveal  its  name  until  he  was  sure  of  its 
(.iTect,  his  enemies  even  to  the  present  day,  have  accused  him  of  dealing  in 
secret  remedies  and  nostrums.* 

But  in  prescribing  with  his  own  medicines  for  these  patients  he  had 
iil'lended  against  the  law,  and  the  jealous  apothecaries  of  Konigslutter  hovmded 
limi  forth  to  fresh  wanderings.  In  the  autumn  of  1799  he  packed  all  his 
l;(  )ods  and  his  family  into  a  large  wagon,  and  with  heavy  heart  left  the  town 
wliere  life  had  begun  to  present  some  sunshine,  and  started  on  the  road  to 
!  lamburg.  On  the  journey  over  a  precipitous  part  of  the  way  the  wagon 
w  as  overturned ;  the  driver  was  thrown  from  his  seat ;  Hahnemann  himself. 
was  injured;  a  daughter's  leg  was  broken;  an  infant  son  Ernst  was  so  hurt 
liiat  he  soon  died,  and  his  property  was  damaged  by  falling  into  a  stream. 
^\i  the  nearest  village  of  Muhlhausen  he  was  obliged  to  remain  six  weeks  at. 
ci  msiderable  expense. 

He  settled  after  this  at  Altona  and  did  not  go  to  Hamburg  until  1800. 
it  was  in  this  year  that  Fleischer,  the  Leipsic  publisher,  gave  to  Hahnemann 
t' '  translate  an  English  book  containing  medical  prescriptions.  He  trans- 
lated the  text  into  good  German,  but  added  an  original  preface  in  which  he 
><  <  ridiculed  and  satirized  and  belittled  the  compound  prescriptions  of  the 
.i;icat  lights  of  the  English  medical  world  that  it  put  an  end  to  his  employ- 
ment by  that  publisher.  His  only  further  translation  was  the  Von  Haller 
Materia  Medica  from  the  Latin,  which  was  published  in  1806.  At  this, 
period  he  wrote  several  essays  for  Hufeland's  journal.  In  1802  he  went 
from  Hamburg  to  Mollen  in  the. duchy  of  Lauenburg,  and  from  there  jour- 
neyed to  Eilenburg  in  beloved  Saxony.  He  was  not  allowed  to  remain  there, 
however,  as  the  health  officer  ordered  him  away.  From  thence  he  went  tof 
Machern,  a  village  four  miles  from  Leipsic,  where  poverty  again  distressed 
him.  It  is  related  that  after  toiling  all  day  at  translating  (at  the  Haller 
jMateria  Medica)  he  often  assisted  his  wife  to  wash  the  family  clothing  at 
night,  and  as  they  could  not  purchase  soap  they  employed  raw  potatoes  in- 
stead. The  portion  of  bread  allowed  to  each  was  so  small  that  he  was  accus- 
tomed to  weigh  it  out  in  equal  proportion.  From  Machern  he  went  to  Wit- 
tenburg,  dcjjarting  soon  after  for  Dessau,  where  he  lived  for  two  years. 

Hahnemann  left  Hamburg  about  the  beginning  of  1802.  He  could  not 
have  remained  long  in  one  place.  He  was  poor  and  persecuted,  driven  from 
town  to  town.  He  passed  about  two  years  at  Dessau  and,  according  to  a 
letter  written  by  him.  he  was  in  June,  1805,  domiciled  at  Torgau.  where  he 
remained  until  181 1.  when  he  went  to  Leipsic.  As  his  essays  in  the  medical 
journals  only  brought  him  into  condemnation  he  afterwards  published  his 
articles  in  the  "General  German  Gazette  of  Literature  and  Science." 

Hahnemann's  first  collection  of  provings — "  Fragmenta  de  Viribus  " — was 
published  in  Latin  while  he  was  at  Torgau,  in  1805.  Five  years  later  the 
first  edition  of  the  Organon  appeared.  In  this  he  gave  to  the  world  a  careful 
explanation  of  his  new  medical  discc^veries  and  beliefs.  It  contained  every- 
thing relating  to  the  new  medical  method  and  in  it  he  for  the  first  time  men- 


"This   was   the   nnlv   occasion   on    which    Hahnemann   ever   withheld    the 
name  and  purpcfse  of  an\'  medicament  employed  by  him. 


30  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

tioned  ihc  name  Hmnccopatlfy.  The  work  appeared  in  1810,  from  the  press 
of  his  friend  and  patient,  Arnold.  The  book  consists  of  an  introduction  and 
the  ( )r^£^anon  itself.  The  introduction  is  entitled  '*  Review  of  the  medication, 
allopalhv  and  palliative  treatment  that  have  prevailed  to  the  present  time  in 
the  old 'school  of  medicnie/"  and  comprises  the  first  one  hundred  pages  of 
the  Organon. 

Hahnemann  here  presents  the  curious 
story  of  the  eft'orts  of  mankind  to  conquer 
disease.  He  writes :  "  But  ever  since  that 
time  (soon  after  Hippocrates,  therefore  for 
2.500  years")  men  have  occupied  themselves 
with  the  treatment  of  the  ever-increasing 
multiplicity  of  diseases,  who,  led  astray  by 
their  vanity,  sought  by  reasoning  and  guess- 
ing to  excogitate  the  mode  of  furnishing 
this  aid.  Innumerable  and  dissimilar  ideas 
respecting  the  nature  of  diseases  and  their 
remedies  sprang  from  so  many  dissimilar 
brains,  and  the  theoretical  views  these  gave 
rise  to,  they  called  (structures)  systems, 
each  of  which  was  at  variance  with  the  rest 
and  self-contradictory.  Each  of  these  subtle 
expositions  at  first  threw  the  readers  into 
stupefied  amazement  at  the  incomprehen- 
sible wisdom  contained  in  it,  and  attracted 
to  the  system  monger  a  number  of  fol- 
lowers, who  re-echoed  his  unnatural  soph- 
Dr.  Moriiz  Miiller.  istry,   to   none   of  whom,  however,   was  it 

of  the  slightest  use  in  enabling  them  to 
cure  lietter.  until  a  new  system,  often  diametrically  opposed  to  the  first,  thrust 
that  aside,  and  m  its  turn  gained  a  short-lived  renown.  None  of  them  was  in 
consonance  with  nature  and  experience ;  they  were  mere  theoretical  webs 
constructed  by  cimning  mtellects  out  of  pretended  consequences  which  could 
not  be  made  use  of  in  practice,  in  the  treatment  at  the  sick-bed,  on  account  of 
their  excessive  subtlety  and  repugnance  to  nature  and  onlv  served  for  emptv 
disputations. 

'■  Simultaneously,  but  quite  independent  of  all  these  theories,  there  sprung 
up  a  mode  of  treatment  with  mixtures  of  unknown  medicinal  substances, 
against  forms  of  disease  arbitrarily  set  up,  and  directed  towards  some  ma- 
terial object,  completely  at  variance  with  nature  and  experience,  hence,  as 
may  idc  supposed,  with  a  bad  result— such  is  old  medicine.  Allopathv,  as  it 
is  termed. 

■'  Without  disparaging  the  services  which  many  phvsicians  have  rendered 
to  the  sciences  auxiliary  to  medicine,  to  natural  philosophv  and  chemistrv, 
to  natural  history  in  its  various  branches,  and  to  that  of  man  in  particular, 
anthropology,  physiology  and  anatomy,  &c.,  I  shall  occupv  mvself  here  with 
the  practical  part  of  medicine  onlv,  with  the  healing  art'  itself,  in  order  to 
show  how  it  is  that  diseases  have  hitherto  been  imperfectly  treated,  I  speak 
merely  of  the  niedical  art  as  hitherto  practiced,  which. "  presuming  on  its 
antifiuitv.  imaL'ines  itself  to  possess  a  scientific  character." 

riahnemann  then  discusses  various  medical  methods,  blood  letting,  evac- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


31 


uant,  stimulating,  &c.  He  says  again :  "  The  presumed  character  of  the 
affection,  they  regarded  as  the  cause  of  the  disease,  and  hence  they  directed 
I  heir  pretended  casual  treatment  against  spasm,  inflammation  (plethora),  fever, 
-eneral  and  partial  debility,  mucus,  putridity,  obstructions,  &c.,  which  they 
thought  to  remove  by  means  of  their  antispasmodic,  antiphlogistic,  tonic, 
stimulant,  antiseptic,  dissolvent,  resolvent,  derivative,  evacuant,  a.ntagonistic 
remedies,   (of  which  they  only  possessed  a  superficial  knowledge). 

"But  all  semblance  of  appropriate  treatment  of  diseases  was  completely 

Inst,  by  a  practice,  introduced  in  the  earliest  times,  and  even  made  into  a  rule: 

1  mean  the  mixture,  in  a  prescription,  of  various  medicinal  substances,  whose 

.real  action  was,  almost  without  an  exception,  unknown,  and  which  without 

any    one    exception,    invariably    differed    so    much    among    each    other.      One 


Dr.  Carl  Haubold. 

medicine  (the  sphere  of  whose  medicinal  cft'ects  was  unknown)  was  placed 
foremost,  as  the  principal  remedy  (basis),  and  was  designed  to  subdue  what 
the  physician  deemed  the  chief  character  of  the  disease ;  to  this  was  added 
some  other  drug  (equally  unknown  as  regards  the  sphere  of  its  medicinal 
action)  for  the  removal  of  some  particular  accessory  symptom,  or  to  strengthen 
the  action  of  the  first  (adjiivans)  ;  and  besides  these,  yet  another  (likewise 
unknown  as  to  the  sphere  of  its  medicinal  powers)  a  pretended  corrective 
remedy  (corrigens)  ;  these  were  all  mixed  together  (boiled,  infused) — and 
along  with  them,  some  medicinal  syrup,  or  distilled  medicinal  water,  also 
with  dift'ercnt  properties,  would  be  included  in  the  formula,  and  it  was  sup- 
posed that   each   of   the   ingredients   of   this   mixture    would   perform,    in    the 


82 


HISTORY  OF  HOM  CEO  PATH  Y 


diseased  body,  the  part  allotted  to  it  by  tbe  prescriber's  imagination,  without 
suffering  itself  to  be  disturbed  or  led  astray  by  the  other  things  mixed  up 
along  with  it ;  which,  however,  could  not  in  reason  be  expected." 

He  then  goes  more  fully  into  the  absurdity  of  medicinal  mixtures  and 
cites  from  medical  writers  to  show  that  such  a  plan  is  ridiculous.  Again  he 
says :  "  It  was  high  time  for  the  wise  and  benevolent  Creator  and  Preserver 
of  mankind  to  put  a  stop  to  this  abomination,  to  command  a  cessation  of  these 
tortures,  and  to  reveal  a  healing  art  the  very  opposite  of  this,  which  should 
not  waste  the  vital  juices  and  powers  by  emetics,  perennial  scourings  out  of 
the  bowels,  warm  baths,  diaphoretics,  or  salivation;  nor  shed  the  life's  blood, 
nor  torment  and  weaken  with  painful  api^liances ;  nor,  in  place  of  curing  pa- 


Dr.  Carl  1-".   Trinks. 

tients  suffering  from  diseases,  render  them  incurable  by  the  addition  of  new, 
chronic,  medicinal  maladies,  by  means  of  the  long  continued  use  of  wrong, 
powerful  medicines  of  unknown  properties ;  nor  yoke  the  horse  behind  the 
cart,  by  giving  strong  ]ialliativcs.  according  to  the  old  favorite  axiom,  con- 
traria  contrariis  curantur;  nor  in  short,  in  place  of  lending  the  patient  aid, 
to  guide  him  in  the  way  to  death,  as  is  done  by  the  merciless  routine  practi- 
tioner, but  which  on  the  contrary  should  spare  the  patient's  strength  as  much 
as  possible,  and  should  rapidly  and  mildly  effect  an  unalloyed  and  perma- 
nent cure,  by  mean^  of  the  smallest  doses  of  simple  medicines  well  considered, 
and  selected  according  to  their  proved  effects,  by  the  only  therapeutic  law 
conformable  to  nature,  similia  simHibus  curantur. 

"  It  was  high  time  He  should  permit  the  discovery  of  homioeopathy. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  33 

''  By  observation,  reflection,  and  experiment,  I  discovered  that  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  old  allopathic  method,  the  true,  the  proper,  the  best  mode  of 
treatment,  is  contained  in  the  maxim :  To  effect  a  mild,  rapid,  certain,  and 
permanent  cure,  choose,  in  ever}^  case  of  disease,  a  medicine  which  can  itself 
produce  an  affection  similar  to  that  sought  to  be  cured. 

'■  Hitherto  no  one  has  ever  iaHght  this  homoeopathic  method  of  cure,  no 
one  has  practiced  it.  But  if  the  truth  is  only  to  be  found  in  this  method,  as 
I  can  prove  it  to  be,  we  might  expect  that,  even  though  it  remained  unper- 
ccived  for  thousands  of  years,  distinct  traces  of  it  would  be  discovered  in 
every  age.    And  such  is  the  fact." 

Hahnemann  devoted  about  sixty  pages  to  quotations  from  the  writings 
of  old  physicians  from  Hippocrates  to  Sydenham,  describing  cures  effected 
according  to  the  doctrine  of  similars.  Each  cure  is  plainly  stated  with  a 
reference  in  each  case  to  the  medical  writer  responsible  for  the  statement. 
The  book  itself  is  devoted  to  instructions  in  practical  homoeopathy.  Hahne- 
mann never  clamied  to  discover  the  law  of  similia,  but  he  did  claim  that  he 
was  the  first  person  to  make  any  practical  demonstration  of  that  law. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  propositions  advanced  in  the  Organon 
brought  down  upon  the  head  of  the  reformer  an  avalanche  of  abuse.  He 
had  raised  his  hand  against  the  traditions  of  years  and  he  was  attacked  by 
the  medical  journals  of  the  day.  Books  and  pamphlets  were  fulminated 
against  him.  The  reviews  were  so  virulent  that  even  the  better  of  Hahne- 
mann's enemies  condemned  them.  He  was  called  a  charlatan,  a  quack,  an 
ignoramus.  In  1811  his  son  published  a  refutation,  which  it  is  believed  Hahne- 
mann himself  wrote.  All  this  storm  of  abuse  he  answered  in  no  other  way. 
He  gave  his  answer  in  a  better  way,  in  181 1,  when  he  presented  to  the  world 
the  first  volume  of  "  Materia  Medica  Pura." 

But  the  grand  impulse  was  strong  within  him.  He  felt  that  he  must 
find  a  wider  platform  from  which  to  shout  his  glad  tidings  to  sick  and  suf- 
fering humanity,  and  in  the  year  181 1  he  transferred  his  "Lares  and  Pe- 
nates "  to  his  old  home  in  Leipsic,  the  place  he  had  first  entered  as  an  enthu- 
siastic and  scholarly  lad  of  twenty.  Since  then — Vienna,  Hermanstadt,  Er- 
langen,  Dessau,  Gommern,  Dre§den,  Georgenthal,  the  wander-years,  and  after- 
wards Torgau,  with  its  literary  results.  Trials,  malevolence,  privation,  and 
false  accusation,  all  had  followed  him  like  furies,  and  yet,  impelled  by  a 
strange  force,  the  genius  of  right  and  justice,  he  had  ever  and  steadily  gone 
on  towards  the  future  of  whose  brightness  even  yet  he  did  not  know. 

That  Hahnemann  ever  planned  any  "means  of  promulgating  a  new  med- 
ical system  for  his  own  personal  advantage,  as  his  enemies  ever  asserted, 
anyone  conversant  with  his  character  must  utterly  discredit.  He  was  all 
through  his  long  life  the  victim  of  circumstance,  or,  as  some  of  his  followers 
claim,  of  a  "  Providence  "  that  fashioned  every  event  and  from  the  seemingly 
tangled  threads  in  his  web  of  life  wrought  the  perfect  picture;  and  every 
bitter  trial  of  his  life  was  but  bringing  better  equipment  for  the  glorious  end. 

It  now  became  impressed  upon  Hahnemann's  mind  that  he  must  teach 
this  doctrine  of  medicine  publicly  to  men ;  and  he  went  to  Leipsic  and  began 
to  lecture  on  the  principles  of  homoeopathy.  In  December,  181 1,  he  inserted 
a  notice  of  his  "  Medical  Institute  "  in  a  journal  of  the  city.  But  before  he 
was  permitted  to  lecture  he  was  compelled  to  defend  a  thesis  before  the  fac- 
ulty of  medicine.  This  he  did  on  June  26,  181 2.  Its  title  was  "  A  Disserta- 
tion on  the  Helleborism  of  the  Ancients,"  and  it  was  such  a  marvel  of  erudi- 


34 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


H 


tion  that  no  one  attempted  to  dispute  it.  In  its  pages  containing  quotations 
from  the  Hebrew,  Latin,  Greek,  Arabic,  ItaHan.  French,  English  and  Ger- 
man there  was  evidence  of  profound  knowledge.  It  seemed  an  echo  from 
the  great  libraries  of  Hermanstadt  and  Dresden. 

Hahnemann  now  began  lecturing  Wednesday  and  Saturday  afternoons 
from  2  to  3  o'clock.  The  lectures  were  continued  semi-annually  during  his 
entire  stay  at  Leipsic.  and  soon  attracted  hearers  from  the  medical  and  law 
students  and  the  younger  of  the  Leipsic  physicians.  The  fame  of  his  learn- 
ing and  a  desire  to  see  the  man  who  taught  such  medical  "  heresies  "  attracted 
many  to  him.  Soon  from  the  audiences  he  gathered  a  circle  of  young  men 
under  his  direction  who  began  to  make  provings  on  themselves.  The  result 
was  the  "  Materia  Mcdica  Pura.  "  These  faithful  disciples  lived  near  Hahne- 
mann's house  and  were  almost  constantly  with  him.     Each  had  his  duty  to 

perform,  and  Hahnemann,  after  collect- 
ing the  symptoms,  verified  them,  sub- 
icctine'  them  to  the  finest  scrutiny  and 
with,  tlic  most  scrupulous  exactitude  an- 
alyzed them.  The  plants  were  collected, 
the  preparations  according  to  the  for- 
mrla  of  the  master  were  made,  and 
results  noted.  They  who  sat  at  the  feet 
of  the  teacher  afterwards  carried  the 
:h'\v  doctrine  into  many  places.  Fortu- 
nately, the  story  has  been  told  by  some 
among  the  number  so  that  it  is  known 
how  the  reformer  lived  at  this  time.  He 
was  full}-  occupied  with  his  lectures  and 
the  reception  of  patients  at  his  home. 
He  did  not  visit  them  at  their  houses. 
Dail\  with  his  wife  and  daughters  he 
walked  in  one  of  the  public  gardens  of 
tl^e  city.  After  the  day's  labor  he  was 
:'ccustomed  to  sit  among  his  students  in 
the  evening,  and  with  the  mug  of  "ghose" 
at  his  side  and  the  long  German  pipe  in 
his  hand,  he  would  tell  his  disciples  of 
the  curious  actions  and  ways  (jf  the  older  physicians  at  the  sick  bed.  or  relate 
circumstances  of  his  former  life;  anci  then  he  would  become  lost  to  the  sur- 
round'ngs.  his  pipe  would  go  out,  and  one  of  his  daughters  would  at  once  be 
called  to  relight  it. 

P.ut  ])ersecution  came.  The  students  were  accustomed  to  prescribe  for 
patients  and  Hahnemann's  reception  room  was  thronged  daily;  both  master 
and  student  gave  medicine.  This  practice  was  contrary  to  the  law  of  that 
time,  and  the  apothecaries  whose  privileges  were  supposed  to  be  encroached 
upon  appealed  to  the  courts  against  Hahnemann,  and  he  was  cited  to  appear. 
He  did  so.  and  also  addressed  a  letter  to  the  authorities  in  which  he  argued 
that  he  did  not  give  compound  prescriptions  but  only  simple  remedies  in  such 
minute  doses,  and  of  whose  preparation  the  apothecaries  knew  nothing,  that 
they  could  not  put  up  these  medicines;  that  their  exclusive  right  was  only 
to  make  up  compound  prescriptions  and  that  homoeopathy  did  not  compound 


Dr.  (i.  A.   II.   .\lulilt'nl)ciii. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  35 

-or  dispense.     He  was  soon  notified  that  he  would  be  fined  twenty  thalers  for 
every  dispensation  afterwards. 

In  1820  a  celebrated  e^eneral,  Prince  von  Schwartzenberg,  who  had  been 
a  leader  of  the  allied  armies  against  Napoleon,  applied  to  Hahnemann  for 
treatment,  asking  that  he  attend  him  at  Vienna.  Hahnemann  replied  that  if 
he  wished  his  services  he  must  come  to  Leipsic  as  he  was  too  busy  to  go  to 
Vienna.  So  desirous  was  the  prince  to  consult  Hahnemann  that  he  came  to 
Leipsic  and  established  himself  in  a  suburb  of  the  city.  His  case  was  incur- 
able, and  he  died  about  six  months  afterwards,  of  apoplexy.  His  death  was 
the  cause  of  renewed  attacks  on  Hahnemann,  and  the  legal  persecutions,  that 
during  the  treatment  had  been  prevented  by  the  Saxon  government  on  account 
of  his  illustrious  patient,  were  resumed  with  redoubled  vigor.  Hahnemann's 
students  were  arrested,  fined,  and  even  imprisoned.  He  himself  w^as  so  per- 
secuted that  he  must  either  give  up  practice  or  resume  his  journeying  in 
quest  of  another  abiding  place.     Of  a  truth  it  may  be  said : 

"His  life  was  like  a  battle  or  a  march, 

And  like  the  wind's  blast,  never  resting,  homeless, 
He   stormed   across  the  war-convulsed   earth." 

Xot  far  from  Leipsic  was  one  of  the  many  little  principalities  of  which 
at  that  time  Germany  was  composed.  It  was  the  duchy  of  Anhalt-Coethen. 
One  of  its  notables,  the  Grand  Duke  Frederick,  had  heard  of  Hahnemann's 
wonderful  cures  and  was,  besides,  a  lover  of  justice.  He  offered  an  Asylum 
to  the  persecuted  old  teacher,  appointed  him  his  privy  physician  with  the  title 
of  Hofrath,  and  by  edict  gave  him  permission  to  dispense  and  prescribe  within 
the  hmits  of  his  kmgdom.  Early  in  May.  1821,  Hahnemann  shook  the  dust 
of  inhospitable  Leipsic  from  his  feet  and  with  his  faithful  students  accom- 
panying him  on  the  road  set  out  for  Coethcn. 

It  Was  a  delightful  place,  nestled  in  the  valley  of  a  small  river,  and  in 
its  quiet  the  master  passed  fifteen  years  of  his  eventful  life.  In  a  summer- 
liouse  at  tlie  end  of  a  paved  garden  he  studied  and  wrote  and  meditated,  for- 
mulating, completing  and  perfecting  his  life  work.  His  "  Chronic  Diseases  " 
was  written  at  Coethen,  the  last  four  editions  of  Organon,  and  the  last  two 
■editions  of  "  Materia  Medica  Pura." 

The  vear  1829  was  memorable  because  on  August  10  Hahnemann  cele- 
brated the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  graduation  at  Erlangen.  His  disciples 
came  to  him,  bringing  gifts.  The  old  savant's  portrait  was  done  in  oil  and 
his  bust  v;as  modelled."  Stapf,  his  favorite  pupil,  had  collected  the  fugitive 
essavs  he  had  written,  and  brought  the  first  copy  from  the  printer  as  his 
token.  Albrecht,  the  Dresden  friend  and  after-time  biographer,  delivered  a 
poem  in  his  praise.  Rummel  presented  the  honorary  diploma  from  his  alma 
mater.  The  scholarly  Muhlenbein  made  a  Latin  oration,  giving  a  sketch,  of 
"his  life  and  labors.  '  The  good  duke  and  duchess  remembered  their  beloved 
physician.  Afterwards  there  was  a  grand  dinner.  The  disciples  came  from 
all  parts  of  the  countrv,  and  those  who  could  not  come  sent  letters  of  amity. 
This  occasion  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  German  Central  Homoeopathic 
Union. 

Soon  afterward,  however,  a  great  sorrow  came,  and  the  wings  of  ashen 
grav  were  unfolded  over  the  good  housewife.  For  years  she  had  devoted  her- 
self to  the  cares  of  life  that  her  husband  might  be  free  to  pursue  his  studies. 
At  the  time  of  her  illness  Hahnemann  also  was  ill,  but  he  kept  himself  at  her 


36 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


bedside  and  comforted  her.  After  her  death  their  daughters  continued  tO' 
ca^e  for  the  household,  and  there  was  httle  real  change  in  its  domestic  life. 

The  cholera  year  of  1832  came,  and  although  Hahnemann  never  had 
seen  a  case  of  that  character  his  knowledge  of  the  effects  of  medicines  upon 
the  system  enabled  him  to  suggest  the  remedies  that  would  be  found  useful. 
His  opinion  proved  correct,  because  it  was  founded  upon  a  law.  Now  the 
years  passed  peacefully  and  happily ;  the  wanderer  at  last  had  a  home.  Homoe- 
opathy was  known  and  men  of  ability,  physicians  and  laymen,  journeyed 
to  the  little  village  to  hear  the  old  sage  talk  and  to  learn  more  of  the  new 
and  rational  method  of  healing.  Coethen  became  the  schoolhouse  of  homoe- 
opathy, from  whence  went  willing  disciples  to  carry  the  teachings  to  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

Hahnemann  always  was  a  very  industrious  man ;  he  never  was  idle.  He 
proved  about  ninety  medicines  on  himself ;  he  wrote  about  seventy  original 
works  on  chemistry  and  medicine,  some  of  them  in  several  volumes ;  he  trans- 


Ilahncmann's  Home  in  Coethen. 


lated  fifteen  large  medical  and  scientific  works  from  the  English,  six  from  the 
French,  one  from  the  Italian,  and  one  from  the  Latin.  These  translations 
were  not  alone  on  medicine,  but  on  chemistry,  agriculture  and  general  liter- 
ature. Among  them  was  "  History  of  the  Lives  of  Abelard  and  Heloise," 
which  was  considered  a  remarkable  work  irom  a  literary  standpoint.  Besides 
this  was  the  labor  of  attending  to  a  very  large  practice,  a  great  part  of  which 
was  by  letter.  He  was  not  only  a  physician,  reformer  and  chemist,  but  he 
was  an  accomplished  classical  scholar  and  critic,  well  versed  in  astronomy 
and  meteorology,  and  especially  fond  of  geography.  In  the  days  at  Coethen- 
he  was  at  seventy-five  years  interesting  himself  in  the  habits  of  spiders,  still 
studying  chemistry,  and  keeping  himself  by  letter  en  rapport  with  his  fol- 
lowers in  different  parts  of  the  world. 

In  stature  Hahnemann  was  a  small  man.  inclined  to  stoutness  ;■  his  car- 
riage was  upright  and  his  walk  dignified ;  his  step  was  firm  and  all  his  motions 
active;  his  forehead  was  ven,'  high,  arched,  and  bore  the  impress  of  thought. 
In  early  life  he  wore  a  queue ;  later  on  he  became  bald  on  the  top  of  his  head^ 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  37 

and  long  locks  of  curling  white  hair  fell  over  each  temple.  His  eye  was 
particularly  piercing  and  brilliant,  as  though  a  great  soul  looked  out  defiantly 
upon  the  noisy  world.  He  seldom  smiled ;  life  had  been  too  real  for  much 
laughter,  yet  he  enjoyed  the  pleasure  of  others,  In  early  life  he  wore  small 
clothes,  knee  breeches  and  shoes  with  buckles,  and  later  on  the  long  trousers ; 
his  coat  was  dark.  In  his  home  life  a  gaily  figured  dressing  gown  with  long 
skirts,  wadded  slippers  and  always  a  black  velvet  cap  on  his  head,  completed 
his  attire.  In  Paris  it  was  said  that  he  wore  his  hair  in  curl  papers  at  night. 
In  food  he  was  abstemious ;  he  was  fond  of  sweets  and  preferred  a  sort 
of  simple  cake  to  bread.  His  vegetables  were  cabbage,  new  beans  and  spin- 
ach. He  usually  took  a  nap  after  eating.  Daily  he  took  exercise  in  the  open 
air,  and  worked  until  late  at  night.  His  usual  companion  was  a  little  pet 
dog  that  lay  near  his  chair.     Hahnemann  had  eleven  children. 


Friedrich  Rummel,  M.   D. 

In  January,  1833,  a  fond  wish  of  the  great  teacher  was  realized.  A 
homoeopathic  hospital  was  formally  opened  at  Leipsic.  He  visited  it  later 
on  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  there  was  at  least  one  institution 
pledged  to  a  fair  trial  of  his  doctrines.  There  were  differences  afterward 
between  the  ph}sicians  and  himself,  but  he  continued  his  interest  in  the  hos- 
pital as  long  as  he  remained  in  Germany. 

In  1835  this  old  man  who  had  for  some  time  thought  that  according  to 
the  law  of  nature  he  might  finish  his  pilgrimage  at  any  time,  renewed  his 
lease  upon  life.  He  married  a  French  lady  of  thirty-five  years,  one  Marie 
Melanie  d'Hervillv  Gohier,  daughter  of  a  painter  who  had  been  adopted  by 


HH  HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY 

a  prominent  Frenchman.  She  had  heard  of  Hahnemann,  and  on  visiting  him 
they  were  mutually  attracted.  He  made  a  will  giving  his  children  most  of 
his  property,  and  on  January  28,  1835,  he  married ;  and  on  the  first  day  of* 
Whitsuntide  of  the  same  year  he  departed  from  Coethen  with  his  bride.  His 
children  and  grandchildren  dined  with  them  at  Halle,  and  the  doctor  and  his 
wife  went  on  to  Paris.  Madame  Hahnemann  was  a  woman  of  ability,  an 
artist  and  poetess,  and  she  soon  became  also  a  physician.  She  was  of  good 
family  and  the  life  became  a  gay  and  busy  one.  They  lived  in  style  in  a 
fashionable  part  of  the  city.  Soon  Hahnemann,  though  it  was  supposed  that 
he  intended  to  rest  from  his  labors  at  Paris,  was  engaged  in  a  larger  and 
more  exacting  practice  than  he  ever  before  had,  and  contrary  to  the  old 
custom  he  now  made  visits,  driving  about  in  his  carriage  after  the  manner 
of  other  city  physicians.  His  clientage  constantly  increased,  and  although 
he  had  given  away  most  of  his  propert}^  oh  leaving  Germany,  it  is  said  that 
during  the  eight  years  of  his  life  in  Paris  he  earned  4,000,000  francs.  The 
French  Homoeopathic  Society  honored  him  by  making  him  their  honorary 
president,  and  his  every  birthday  was  made  the  occasion  of  a  festival  in  his 
honor.  Many  distinguished  strangers  called  on  and  recognized  him  as  the 
founder  of  a  new  and  successful  school  of  medicine.  His  home  life  was 
happy;  he  enjoyed  the  opera  and  public  receptions,  but  he  did  no  more  liter- 
ary work. 

Death  came  at  last  to  take  away  the  great  man,  and  calmly,  trustingly, 
uncomplainingly,  although  at  the  last  he  suffered  much,  he  passed  away  early 
in  the  morning  of  Sunday,  July  2,  1843,  gently  whispering  "  I  have  not  lived 
in  vam." 

Previous  to  181 1.  the  year  in  which  Hahnemann  established  his  school 
in  Leipsic,  none  but  himself  had  practiced  his  system.  But  now  with  the 
students  from  the  university  attending  his  lectures  and  becoming  one  by  one 
convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy,  they  also  began  to  practice  quietly. 
The  first  of  them  to  embrace  homoeopathy  was  Johann  Ernst  Stapf.  who 
studied  the  new  system  as  early  as  181 1,  and  in  1812  practiced  with  onlv  the 
remedies  mentioned  in  the  first  volume  of  "  Materia  Medica  Pura."  Hart- 
mann  says  that  in  1814  Stapf  was  no  longer  living  in  Leipsic,  but  came  occa- 
sionally from  Naumburg.  where  he  was  established,  to  visit  his  old  friends. 
He  was  the  first  pupil  of  Hahnemann  and  was  very  near  and  dear  to  him. 

From  1812  to  1821  the  lectures  by  Hahnemann  were  delivered  semi- 
annually on  Wednesdav  and  Saturday  afternoons.  These  were  attended  bv 
both  students  and  physicians.  During  this  time  Hahnemann  was  at  work  on 
his  "Materia  Medica  Pura."  The  first  volume  had  been  published  in  181 1; 
the  second  and  third  were  issued  in  1816-17:  the  fourth  in  1818;  the  fifth  in 
1819.  and  the  sixth  in  1821.  This  consisted  of  a  record  of  the  svmptoms 
resulting  from  various  medicinal  substances  that  had  been  proven  upon  them- 
selves by  a  number  of  the  young  men  who  were  attending  Hahnemann's 
lectures.  'I  hcsc  men  had  organized  themselves  into  a  Provers'  Union,  subject 
to  the  control  and  advice  of  the  master.  The  members  were  Stapf,  Gross, 
Hornburg.  Franz,  Wislicenus,  Teuthorn,  Herrmann.  Reuckert.  Langham- 
mcr  and  Hartmann  ;  and  l)y  means  of  this  devoted  band  homoeopathv  was 
introduced  from  the  medical  family  of  Hahnemann  in  Leipsic  into  the  differ- 
ent parts  of  Germany. 

Johann  Ernst  Stapf  was  born  September  g.  1788,  at  Xaumburg.  He 
was  educated   in  the   Nobility   school  of  Xaumburg  and  Leipzig  Universitv. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


89 


He  began  to  investigate  as  early  as  1811  and  was  practicing  homoeopathy  at 
Naumburg  as  early  as  1814.  He  was  one  of  the  stalwarts  of  German^ homoe- 
opathy. 

Gustav  Wilhelm  Gross,  born  at  Kaltcnborn  near  Juterbogk,  September 
6,  1794,  went  to  Leipsic  in  1814  and  there  became  acquainted  with  Hahnemann 
and  his  followers.  He  remained  in  Leipsic  until  181 7,  when,  after  taking  his 
degree,  January  6,  1817,  he  established  himself  in  practice  as  a  homoeopathic 
physician  at  Jtiterbogk,  a  small  village  between  Leipsic  and  Berlin,  near  the 
Saxon  frontier.  Like  the  others  he  was  exposed  to  much  obloquy,  but  Ijccame 
one  of  the  most  eminent  of  the  German  practitioners. 

Christian  Gottlob  Hornburg,  born  at  Chemnitz  October  18.  1793,  went 
to  Leipsic  to  study  theology  m  1813.     He  attended  Hahnemann's  lectures  on 


Dr.    Georg    Aug.    Bcnj.    Scliwcikt-rt. 

homoeopathy  and  decided  to  study  medicine.  He  was  one  of  those  who  prac- 
ticed homaopathy  in  Leipsic  and  became  involved  in  the  trials  and  fines  that 
overwhelmed  the  students  of  Hahnemann  in  18 19.  It  is  said  that  his  case 
of  medicines  was  taken  from  him  by  the  authorities  in  November,  1819,  and 
was  burned  with  considerable  public  formality  in  the  Paulina  (St.  Paul's) 
cemetcrv.  His  early  death  is  said  to  have  been  due  to  bitter  persecution  by 
the  relentless  enemies  of  homoeopathy. 

Karl  (iottlob  Pranz,  born  at  Plaucn.  May  8,  1795.  went  to  Leipsic  in 
18 [4  and  .'^oon  became  assistant  to  Hahnemann.  He  remained  in  Leipsic 
until  1825  and  then  went  to  \'ienna  as  physician  to  a  lady  of  noble  family, 
who  wished  homoeopathic  treatment. 


40  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

W.  E.  Wislicenus  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Eisenach  in  the  duchy  of 
Weimar,  at  an  early  date.  He  had  been  of  the  Leipsic  coterie.  It  is  said 
that  in  1821  he  made  trials  of  horaoeopathy  in  the  Garrison  hospital  at  Berlin, 
which  was  under  control  of  the  military  surgeons.  The  results  were  favorable 
to  homoeopathy.  The  hospital  doctors  took  away  the  journal  in  which  he 
had  recorded  the  results  of  his  experiments,  to  read,  but  in  spite  of  his  earnest 
€ntreaties  for  its  return  they  would  not  bring  it  back. 

Ernst  Ferdinand  Rueckert  was  born  near  Herrnhut,  March  3,  1795. 
He  went  to  Leipsic  m  18 12,  and  was  one  of  the  first  of  Hahnemann's  pupils. 
From  1816  to  1817  he  visited  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Academy  at  Dresden. 
He  first  settled  at  Grimma,  but  soon  went  to  Mutchen  and  soon  after  again 
changed  location,  going  to  Bernstadt  in  1819.  He  practiced  homoeopathy  in 
a  number  of  other  localities  in  Germany  and  was  instrumental  in  spreading 
the  new  doctrine. 

A  distinguished  follower  of  Hahnemann  was  Franz  Hartmann,  who  was 
born  in  Delitsch  May  18,  1796,  and  who  joined  the  disciples  of  the  new 
medical  faith  in  1814.  After  passing  certain  examinations  and  after  some 
persecution,  he  finally  (1821)  located  at  Zschopau  as  a  practicing  physician. 
Although  he  covered  up  his  homoeopathic  practice  to  a  certain  extent  the 
variations  in  his  m.ethods  and  the  brilliant  cures  he  made  caused  remark  and 
tended  to  spread  the  new  doctrine.  Frederick  Flahnemann  had  also  practiced 
for  a  time  in  an  erratic  way  in  Wolkenstein,  a  neighboring  town,  and  homoe- 
opathy was  not  unknown  in  that  vicinitv.  Hartmann  removed  to  Leipsic  in 
1826. 

Previous  to  the  opening  of  the  Medical  Institute  by  Hahnemann  in  Leipsic 
in  1 81 2,  the  story  of  homoeopathy  is  embraced  in  the  life  of  its  founder. 
From  1 81 2  to  1821  many  enthusiastic  students  were  being  educated  to  become 
future  missionaries  in  disseminating  the  principles  of  the  new  school.  Medi- 
cines Avere  being  proven,  and  faith  in  their  efficacy  was  made  stronger  by  ill- 
founded  and  wanton  persecution  both  of  Hahnemann  and  his  pupils.  When 
in  1821  the  master  gladly  accepted  the  peaceful  home  at  Coethcn  a  new  epoch 
was  begun  in  the  history  of  homoeopathy.  Previous  to  this  Hahnemann  had 
exercised  more  or  less  control  over  his  students,  but  now  they  were  located 
in  diiTerent  towns  and  began  to  act  independently.  It  was  not  long  before 
there  were  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  many  localities  in  Germany  and 
other  countries.  Hahnemann  from  Coethen  advised  his  followers  and  many 
physicians  journe\cd  there  to  visit  and  learn  from  him. 

In  1 82 1  Dr.  Stapf  established  at  Leipsic  a  journal  devoted  to  homoeopathy. 
It  was  an  octavo,  issued  three  times  a  year,  and  was  called  "  Archiv  fur  die 
homoopathische  Heilkunst "  (Archives  for  Homoeopathic  Healing).  This 
was  the  first  magazine  ever  published  in  the  interest  of  homoeopathy.  On  the 
reverse  of  the  title  of  each  number  is  a  quotation  from  Romeo  and  Juliet  that 
seems  to  prove  that  Shakespeare  must  have  heard  of  the  principle  of  similia : 

"Tut.  man,  one  fire  burns  out  another's  burning; 
One  pain  is   lessened  bv  another's  anguish, 
Turn  giddy  and  be  holn  by  backward  turning; 
One  desperate  grief  cures  with  another's  languish. 
Take  thou  some  new  infection  to  the  eye. 
•     And  the  rank  poison  of  the  old  will  die." 

The  provers  and  the  disciples  wrote  for  this  journal  and  it  soon  became 
an  established  power  for  the  promotion  of  the  new  doctrine. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  41 

At  this  period,  about  1821,  Gross  was  practicing  homceopathy  at  Juterbogk. 
Moritz  Miiller  and  Carl  Hatibold  were  settled  at  Leipsic,  where  the  veterinary 
surgeon,  Wilhelm  Lux,  also  was  located.  He  had  employed  homoeopathy  in 
his  practice  since  1820,  and  to  him  the  doctrine  of  isopathy'is  due.  He  argued 
that  every  contagious  disease  carried  in  its  own  contagium  the  means  of  its 
cure,  and  therefore  as  a  remedy  for  anthrax  he  diluted  up  to  the  thirtieth 
potency  a  drop  of  the  blood  from  an  animal  afflicted  with  anthrax.  He  pre- 
pared in  the  same  way  other  pathological  products  and  took  for  a  motto 
acqiialia  aeqnalibus  instead  of  similia  similibns.  In  1833  ^""^  published  a  small 
pamphlet  entitled  "  Isopathy  of  Contagia,"  and  in  1837  another  called  "  Zooiasis 
or  Homoeopathy  in  its  Application  to  the  Diseases  of  Animals."  The 
opinions  of  Lux  have  had  a  decided  elTect  upon  homoeopathic  practice. 


t/" 


Dr.  Carl  Georg  Ch.  Hartlaub. 

In  1821  Drs.  C.  F.  Trinks  and  Paul  Wolf  were  located  at  Dresden.  As 
early  as  1819  one  Dr.  Gossner  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  OberhoUabrun 
in  Lower  Austria,  and  Dr.  Mussek  in  Seefeld,  a  neighboring  town.  In 
Prague  Dr.  Marenzeller,  military  stafif  surgeon,  and  attending  physician  to 
the  Archduke  John,  was  interested  in  homoeopathy. 

In  Vienna' Professor  S.  Veith,  as  early  as  1817.  had  become  interested  in 
the  system  through  the  army  surgeon  Krastiansky  in  Klattau.  He  and  his 
brother,  who  was  a  pastor  of  St.  Stephen's,  practiced  homoeopathy  for  years 
in  Vienna, 

In  1823  Dr.  Adam  located  in  St.  Petersburg.  Russia.  He  had  met 
Hahnemaim  in  Germany  and  became  a  convert  to  his  teaching.     Witliin  two 


42  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

years  Dr.  Stcii'eiiiann  introduced  homoeopathy  into  tlie  provinces  of  the 
j{astern  sea.  At  Dorpat  he  induced  the  cHnical  ])rofessor,  Sahmen,  to  experi- 
ment with  homceojiathic  remedies,  and  in  1825  he  pubHshed  a  work  on  the 
suljject.  In  1827  AT  Marcus  at  Moscow  expressed  a  leaning  toward  homoe- 
opathy. A  convert  of  the  time  was  Dr.  Bigel,  physician  to  the  wife  of  th» 
Grand  Duke  Constantine  in  Warsaw.  He  had  accompanied  the  duke  to 
Dresden  and  during  a  fierce  medical  controversy  that  was  raging  was  led  to 
study  Hahnemann's  Organon.  He  became  convinced  of  the  truths  contained 
therein,  and  in  1825  published  his  "  Justification  of  the  New  Curative  Method 
of  Dr.  Halinemann  named  Homccopathy."  In  1829  he  treated  homoeopath- 
ically  the  inmates  of  a  hospital  in  Warsaw  for  the  children  of  soldiers.  In. 
fact  he  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Warsaw. 

In   1 82 1   Baron  Francis  Roller,  an 
Austrian,  had  carried  the  Organon  to 

[ ' ^ ';  Naples    and    where    a    translation    had 

I  ■  I  been   made   under  the   auspices  of  the 

Royal  Academy.    In  1822  he  had  called 

j  to   him   Dr.    George   Necker,   who  had 

I          been  a  student  of  Hahnemann  and  who 

'  was    the    first    physician    to    practice 

homoeopathy  in   Italy.     In  May,   1823, 

he    opened    a   homoeopathic   dispensary 

for  the  poor  in  his  own  house  in  Naples. 

It  was  not  long  before  Drs.  Francisco 

Romani.   Giuseppe   Mauro   and   Cosmo 

Maria  de  Horatiis  became  converts. 

In  1 82 1  Dr.  Hans  Christian  Lund, 
a  medical  practitioner  of  Copenhagen, 
then  fifty-six  years  old,  adopted  homoe- 
opathy and  introduced  it  in  Denmark. 
He  translated  into  Danish  many  books 
and  pamphlets  on  the  subject,  and  in 
^^?>?)  published  a  weekly  paper.  It  is 
Dr.  Julius  Sihwrikni.  claimed  that   Lund   was  the   means   of 

inducing  Hans  Burch  Gram  to  investi- 
gate the  teachings  of  honKeonathy. 
In  1S22  Dr.  George  A.  H.  Muhlenbein,  an  eminent  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine in  the  duchy  of  Brunswick,  became  acquainted  with  the  principles  of 
homoeopathy  by  reading  the  '.'Materia  Medica  Pura,"  and  he  soon  adopted  it  in 
his  practice  that  extended  over  the  whole  of  Northern  Germany.  He  was 
born  October  24.  1764.  at  Konigslutter,  and  died  at  Schoeningcn'  Tanuarv  8, 
1845.  ■         " 

Aloritz  Wilheim  Miiller.  one  of  the  bright  lights  of  the  allcjpathic  pro- 
fession in  Germany,  became  a  convert  to  homceopathy  in  1819.  Hartmann 
thus  mentions  his  conversion  :  "  I  remember  very  well  that  time  in  the  vear 
1819  when  Miiller  sent  his  amanuensis  to  me  with  the  request  to  lend  him 
for  a  short  time  ni}-  copy  of  the  Organon  to  read  through.  Shaking  my  head. 
I  handed  it  to  him  with  the  remark  that  so  celebrated  a  star  of  the  first  mag- 
nitude in  the  allopathic  firmanent  would  hardly  accept  homceopathv  with  firm 
faith.  But  as  we  are  sometimes  deceived  in  this  life  it  was  so  in  this  case." 
Miiller  became  one  of  the  most  aggressive  of  the  homoeopathists  and  was  for 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  4a 

many  years  a  prominent  factor  in  the  advancement  of  hom(jeoi)athv  in  (ier- 
many.     His  home  was  in  Leipsic. 

Dr.  Fischer  of  Brunn  used  homoeopathic  remedies  before  1825  in  Eibcn- 
shutz,  Saar  and  Rossitz,  in  Moravia.  In  Brunn  he  had  two  alHes,  Steigen- 
tisch,  a  merchant,  and  Albrecht,  a  government  official.  The  former  had  gone 
through  a  course  of  surgery  and  had  performed  medical  service  in  the  army. 
He  treated  chronic  cases  and  had  many  adherents,  chiefly  among  the  higher 
classes.  Albrecht  was  a  correspondent  of  Hahnemann  and  devoted  himself 
to  the  preparation  of  homoeopathic  remedies.  He  also  was  successful  as  a 
practitioner.  He  was  not  a  physician  but  was  closely  identified  with  the  his- 
tory of  homoeopathy.  In  185 1  he  published  a  biographical  sketch  of  Hahne- 
mann. 


44  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  HI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    NEW   YORK. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Introductory  Observations — Condition  of  Homoeopathy  at  the  Time  of  Gram's  Arrival 
in  America— He  Settles  in  New  York — His  Practice  and  Followers — Homoeopathic 
Medical  Societies,  State  and  Local — Hospitals  and  Charitable  Institutions — The 
Pioneers  of  Homoeopathy  in  New  York. 

At  the  end  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century  homoeopathy  in 
Europe  was  in  a  satisfactory  condition,  increasing  in  popularity,  and  its  exem- 
plars were  daily  performing  good  works.  Hahnemann  at  Coethen  was  busy 
with  his  pen,  his  fertile  brain  evolving  and  sending  forth  into  the  world  new- 
principles  for  the  guidance  of  his  followers,  encouraging  them  with  sugges- 
tion and  advice ;  and  he  was  contented,  his  mind  at  peace  with  itself,  and 
he  with  the  world,  and  his  personal  comfort  was  equally  assured.  His 
Organon  had  passed  its  third  Germ.an  edition,  was  translated  into  French  and 
his  "  Materia  Medica  Pura  "  in  six  volumes  had  been  issued  in  its  second  edi- 
tion. The  school  of  medicine  he  had  founded  was  then  planted  and  firmly  rooted 
'in  nearly  all  the  stronger  European  countries,  but  as  yet  the  English  speaking 
people  had  not  shown  an  inclination  to  accept  the  doctrine,  or  even  to  investi- 
gate it,  but  had  brushed  it  aside  as  a  worthless  invention  put  before  a  credu- 
lous public  for  purposes  of  personal  gain. 

Such  were  the  conditions  with  reference  to  the  homoeopathic  school  of 
medicine  at  the  time  of  which  we  write,  about  the  year  1825,  when  the  whole 
number  of  its  practitioners  probablv  numbered  less  than  an  hundred  men,  and 
they  equipped  with  not  more  than  the  limited  knowledge  acquired  from  the 
study  of  such  works  as  then  were  published  on  the  subject.  But  out  of  this 
comparative  darkness  there  came  a  man  of  education  and  refinement,  if  not 
of  strong  determination  of  character,  and  to  him  fell  the  lot  of  bearing  the 
gospel  of  homoeopathy  across  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  free  America.  There  was 
no  unusual  circumstance  attending  the  voyage  of  Gram  to  America,  nor  did 
he  come  for  the  especial  purpose  of  proclaiming  a  new  doctrine  in  medicine 
to  the  people.  Indeed;  his  purpose  appears  to  have  been  quite  to  the  contrary, 
for  then  he  possessed  a  competency,  and  his  return  to  the  land  of  his  birth 
was  in  the  nature  of  a  home-coming  with  its  attending  enjoyments  in  a  wide 
circle  of  friendships,  which  were  his  both  then  and  afterward  throughout  the 
period  of  his  interesting  life. 

In  the  course  of  time  Gram  came  to  the  city  of  New  York,  to  visit  with 
relatives,  and  there  was  nothing  then  that  indicated  an  inclination  to  take  up 
the  practice  of  medicine  until  reverses  of  fortune  compelled  him  to  resume  that 
avocation  as  a  means  of  livelihood ;  and  thus  by  force  of  circumstances — 
necessity  is  a  hard  master — Hans  Burch  Gram  became  the  pioneer  of  homoe- 
opathy in  America.  Had  misfortune  overtaken  him  in  Maine,  where  he  first 
landed,  the  pleasant  distinction  would  have  been  accorded  to  the  Pine  Tree 
rather  than  the  Empire  state. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  45^ 

Gram  stood  alone  in  the  practice  of  medicine  according  to  the  law  of  simi- 
lars less  than  two  years,  and  within  the  next  ten  years  nine  were  gathered 
together  in  the  name  of  homceopathy  and  organized  themselves  into  that  whicb 
they  called  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Society,  of  which  Gray  was  the 
honored  head,  while  its  membership  included  the  entire  coterie  of  Hahne- 
mannians — Strong,  Baxter,  Vanderburgh,  Seymour,  Lohse,  Hull,  Wilsey,  Pat- 
terson, Strong,  Butler  and  Bock,  physicians  and  believers  but  not  all  active 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  that  time. 

Seven  years  later,  1841,  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Physicians  Society- 
was  organized  in  the  city  and  admitted  only  medical  practitioners  to  the  benefit 
of  membership ;  but  its  life  was  short  and  it  passed  out  of  existence  in  the 
course  of  six  or  seven  years.  Just  a  little  later  New  York  city  and  the  com- 
monwealth was  chiefly  instrumental  in  organizing  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  the  national  society,  whose  province  was  then,  as  now,  to  safe- 
L;uard  the  homoeopathic  profession  and  practice  against  the  wiles  and  schemes- 
f  those  who  would  bring  its  principles  and  practice  into  ridicule  and  disre- 
pute. The  purpose  of  the  institute  was  and  is  perfectly  honorable ;  its  prin- 
ciples are  securely  based  in  established  truth,  and  its  functions  always  have 
l)cen  administered  so  as  to  elevate  the  profession  and  hold  between  it  and  alt 
unworthy  methods  an  impassable  barrier. 

Even  before  the  organization  of  the  institute  the  gospel  of  the  school  it 
fostered  and  maintained  had  spread  out  into  remote  parts  of  the  state,  and' 
through  its  instrumentality  societies  were  organized,  many  of  them  to  continue^ 
in  life  and  usefulness  to  the  present  time,  and  a  few  to  fall  by  the  wayside 
and  pass  into  history  in  the  ephemera  of  homoeopathy.  In  the  state  in  1852^ 
three  hundred  and  one  homoeopathic  practitioners  were  at  work,  and  five  years 
later  the  number  had  increased  to  four  hundred  and  fifty-three.  In  1870  the 
number  was  seven  hundred  and  twenty-seven ;  in  1880,  nine  hundred  and 
sixty-eight:  in  1899  twelve  hundred  and  three,  and  in  ,1904  twelve  hundred  and 
six — more  than  a  full  regiment  of  professional  soldiers,  including  many  offi- 
cers, and  in  the  ranks  about  one-sixth  of  the  whole  are  those  who  abandoned 
the  allopathic  and  allied  hosts  to  combat  the  ills  of  life  under  the  standard 
set  up  by  Hahnemann  something  more  than  a  century  ago. 

The  old  homoeopathic  profession  in  New  York  did  something  more  than 
organize  societies  for  mutual  benefit  and  protection ;  something  more  than 
merely  work  out  the  salvation  and  conversion  of  hundreds  of  medical  practi- 
tioners who  were  dissatisfied  with  the  harsh  and  arbitrary  requirements  of 
the  allopathic  school,  and  something  more  than  recruit  its  ranks  with  dis- 
sentients from  the  eclectic  school.  The  homoeopathic  profession  through  welf 
directed  efifort  made  early  and  careful  provision  for  the  thorough  education 
of  its  representatives  in  the  world  of  medicine,  in  the  establishment  of  boards 
of  examination  to  exercise  censorship  of  the  qualifications  of  practitioners 
and  others  who  aspired  to  the  homoeopathic  ranks.  And  as  soon  as  the  schooF 
had  become  well  grounded  in  the  state  an  earnest  eflfort  was  made  to  estab- 
lish an  institution  of  medical  instruction.  In  this  respect,  however,  Pennsyl- 
vania preceded  New  York  by  several  years,  and  through  the  endeavors  of 
Hering,  Wesselhoeft,  Detwiller  and  others,  founded  Allcntown  Academy,  the 
first  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  and  which  ended  its  career  after  about 
six  rears  of  indifferent  success.  It  was  followed  in  1848  by  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  with  a  seat  of  operation  in  Philadelphia. 
However,  in  1846  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  legislature  of  New  York: 


46 


HISTORY  OF  nOMCEOFATHY 


prayinj^  for  an  act  of  incorporation  of  a  homoeopathic  medical  college  to  be 
located  at  Auburn,  but  the  application  was  not  favored  by  the  legislative  com- 
mittee and  the  enterprise  was  compelled  to  be  abandoned.  It  was  not  that 
the  legislature  itself  opposed  the  proposition  to  charter  the  college,  but  the 
influence  of  the  allopathic  profession  was  strong  enough  to  sway  the  legisla- 
tive mind  and  accomplish  the  defeat  of  the  measure.  The  effort  was  renewed 
in  1853  under  the  influence  of  the  state  homoeopathic  medical  society,  and 
while  more  material  progress  w^as  made  at  that  time  the  project  was  again 
abandoned,  although  provision  was  made  in  another  way  for  the  education 
•of  those  who  sought  to  practice  homoeopathic  medicine.  The  first  perma- 
nent school  of  homoeopathic  medical  instruction  in  this  state  was  founded  in 

i860,  and  from  that  time  has  been  an 
active  factor  in  the  history  of  the  pro- 
fession not  only  in  New  York.  l:)ut 
throughout  America. 

Such  is  a  mere  glance  at  homoeop- 
athy in  the  state  since  Gram's  advent 
into  its  history  in  1825.  The  retro- 
spect has  been  brief,  and  little  attention 
has  been  given  to  the  lives  and  works 
of  the  pioneers  or  those  who  followed 
him  in  the  profession,  that  branch  of 
the  subject  being  reserved  for  detailed 
mention  in  later  pages. 

In  the  early  history  of  homoeop- 
athy in  the  state  its  votaries  were  fre- 
quently subjected  to  indignity  and  in- 
sult at  the  hands  of  their  inconsiderate 
brethren  of  the  allopathic  school,  and 
as  the  right  to  license  physicians  was 
vested  in  that  school  through  its  socie- 
ties and  officers,  the  latter  were  never 
slow  in  showing  proper  appreciation 
of  duty  by  refusing  homoeopathic  ap- 
plicants license  to  practice,  and  if  any 
attempted  so  to  do  without  the  re- 
quired authority,  the  offenders  were 
promptly  brought  to  bar  under 
charge.^  of  malj)ractice  or  any  other  "  trumped-up  "  complaints  that  would 
best  serve  the  purjxjse  of  tlie  dominant  school  and  keep  the  homoeopath  out 
of  the  professional  field. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  the  first  practitioners  of  homoeopathy  in  New  York 
city  were  subjected  to  persecution  as  well  as  prosecution  by  the  opposing 
school  but  the  first  open  act  of  mean  hostility  was  displayed  in  1843,  when 
Drs.  Hull  and  Wells  applied  for  membership  in  the  Kings  County  Medical 
Society.  The  ai)plications  had  been  made  in  due  form,  all  the  requirements 
had  been  complied  with,  their  qualifications  were  unquestioned,  for  they  were 
thoroughly  educated  physicians,  but  thev  were  rejected  because  they  were 
homa^opaths.  and  for  no  other  reason.  Wells  accepted  his  rejection,  but  Hull, 
of  more  determined  character,  brought  the  matter  into  court,  and  after  the 
suit  had  been  dragged  along  through  sixteen  years  of  tedious  routine,  it  was 


jlaiis    Iriiirch    dram,    M.    D. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  47 

linally  decided  in  his  favor.  Then  the  society  with  much  condescension  oltered 
him  a  seat  in  its  councils,  but  with  his  characteristic  determination  he  coldly 
declined  the  honor. 

These  incidents  of  persecution  and  petty  annoyance  of  homoeopathic 
practitioners  by  the  narrow  partisans  of  allopathy  are  only  a  few  of  the  hun- 
dreds of  similar  proceedings  indulged  in;  and  while  they  served  the  purpose 
>f  a  temporary  expedient,  they  accomplished  no  good  results  for  their  own 
l)rofession,  and  only  served  to  draw  more  closely  together  those  who  were  the 
victims  of  their  venomous  attacks,  and  at  the  same  time  aroused  public  sen- 
riment  in  sympathy  with  the  persecuted  school. 

As  the  law  stood  in  1844  all  physicians  not  members  of  the  county  so- 
ciety, or  who  had  not  the  diploma  of  an  incorporated  medical  college,  were 
presumed  to  be  practicing  without  license,  and  therefore  liable  to  prosecu- 
tion and  punishment;  and  under  the  provisions  of  the  law  then  on  the  statute 
books  the  allopaths  enjoyed  a  rich  harvest  of  persecution  by  refusing  mem- 
bership to  homoeopathic  applicants  and  then  prosecuting  them  for  unlawfully 
practicing  medicine.  This  period  of  oppression  continued  until  along  about 
1855,  when  the  legislature  first  showed  a  disposition  to  recognize  the  right  of 
the  homoeopath  to  live  and  move  and  have  his  being.  During  the  next  year 
an  act  passed  the  senate  to  authorize  the  incorporation  of  homoeopathic  so- 
cieties, but  for  some  reason  the  bill  "hung  fire"  in  the  lower  house  and  failed 
to  pass.  In  the  next  year,  however,  the  act  was  revived,  passed  both  branches 
of  the  legislature,  and  was  approved  by  the  governor,  April  13.  1857. 

This  act  always  has  been  referred  to  as  that  "legalizing"  homoeopathy 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  which  is  a  misnomer,  and  presupposes  at  some 
time  in  the  historv  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  that  its  practice  was  illegal, 
which  never  was  the  case.  However  this  may  have  been,  the  legalizing  act 
was  secured  largely  through  the  influence  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  So- 
ciety of  Northern  New  York.  Since  that  time  the  state  has  given  reasonably 
fair  treatment  to  the  claims  of  the  homoeopathic  school,  although  no  favors 
ever  have  been  asked,  and  under  the  laws  now  in  force  the  regents  of  the 
university  have  supervision  of  the  regulations  and  requirements  of  admission 
to  practice  medicine :  and  under  established  provisions  homoeopathy  stands  on 
just  the  same  footing  as  th.e  allopathic  school,  with  an  equal  standard  of 
efficiency  and  proficiency  in  its  disciples. 

But  notwithstanding  the  so-called  legalizing  act  of  1857,  homoeopathy 
was  frequentlv  afterward  the  target  for  allopathic  shafts,  and  the  spirit  of 
venom  and  malice  was  not  at  any  time  more  strikingly  shown  than  just  be- 
fore and  during  the  war  of  1861-1865.  In  treating  of  the  incidents  of  this 
period  free  use  is  made  of  the  writings  of  contemporary  historians.  Says  one 
of  them :  In  1861  Dr.  T.  D.  Stow  endeavored  to  procure  a  surgeoncy  in  a 
regi-fient  of  volunteers.  He  made  application  in  due  form  and  fulfilled  all 
the  requirements  of  the  law,  but  was  rejected  because  he  was  a  homoeopath. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  homoeopaths  made  strenuous  cfiforts  to 
"be  admitted  as  army  surgeons  and  to  the  army  hospitals ;  many  of  the  men 
in  the  regiments  preferred  houKeopathic  treatment,  but  were  denied  it.  Much 
was  published  at  the  time  on  the  subject,  and  detailed  accounts  are  to  be  found 
in  the  "Transactions"  of  the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

This  societv  took  a  decided  stand  for  the  introduction  of  homoeopathy  in 
the  army,  claiming  it  as  a  right,  but  that  right  was  challenged  and  refused 
"by  the  allopathic  authorities  who  were  in  power.     But  the  most  conspicuous 


48  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

attempt  to  crush  homoeopathy,  and  which  excited  the  indignation  of  the  entire 
country,  was  the  contemptible  action  of  \^an  Armar^,  an  official  of  the  pensions 
department,  who  made  the  wonderful  discovery  in  1870  that  Dr.  Spooner,  a 
homoeopathic  physician  at  Oneida,  New  York,  was  also  pension  surgeon  and 
examiner ;  and  for  this  offense  against  the  allopathic  sense  of  fitness  Spooner 
was  deposed.  But  homceopathv  refused  to  submit  tamely  to  this  gratuitous 
insult  and  promptly  applied  itself  at  the  doors  of  the  proper  authorities  in 
Washington,  and  with  such  vigor  and  energy  that  the  over-hasty  official  was 
given  an  opportunity  to  resign.  Soon  afterward  both  houses  of  congress 
passed  an  act  providing  that  all  appointments  to  medical  service  under  the 
government  should  be  open  to  all  graduates  of  legally  chartered  institutions, 
without  reference  to  preferred  theories  of  treatment. 

NEW   YORK   HOMOEOPATHIC   MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

The  first  gathering  of  physicians  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  homoe- 
opathic medical  society  in  New  York  state  was  held  at  the  common  council 
room  in  the  city  hall  m  Albany,  ]\Iay  15,  1850.  The  organization  then  per- 
fected was  called  Academy  of  Medicine  of  the  State  of  New  York.  At  the 
first  annual  meeting  held  in  Albany,  February  19,  1851,  the  name  was  changed 
to  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York.  It  was  com- 
posed of  individual  members  and  was  not  a  representative  body.  The  meet- 
ing was  called  to  order  by  Dr.  John  F.  Gray  of  New  York  city.  Dr.  D.  Oiase 
of  Palmyra  was  chosen  president,  and  Dr.  H.  D.  Paine  of  Albany,  secretary. 
The  following  regular  officers  were  then  elected :  President,  J.  M.  Ward, 
Albany;  vice-presidents,  D.  Chase,  P'almyra,  R.  S.  Bryan,  Troy,  A.  S.  Ball,. 
New  York ;  secretary,  H.  D.  Paine,  Albany.  The  society  held  annual  meet- 
ings at  different  places  until  1859,  after  which  for  two  years  there  were  no 
meetings.  A  general  feeling  existed  among  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of 
the  state  that  a  new  society  should  be  organized  as  a  thoroughly  representa- 
tive body,  consisting  of  delegates  from  the  various  county  and  other  societies 
in  the  state,  and  pursuant  to  a  call  by  the  members  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Society  of  Oneida  County,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Albany,  February  28, 
1861,  composed  mostly  of  such  delegates.  Dr.  H.  D.  Paine,  who  was  still 
secretary  of  the  old  society,  called  the  meeting  to  order.  Dr.  L.  B.  Wells 
was  chosen  chairman,  and  H.  M.  Smith  and  H.  M.  Paine,  secretaries.  The 
following  officers  were  then  elected :  President,  A.  E.  Potter,  Oswego ;  vice- 
presidents,  S.  A.  Cook,  Troy,  A.  R.  Wright,  Buffalo,  C.  Ormes,  Panama; 
secretary,  H.  M.  Paine,  Clinton;  treasurer,  ].  W.  Cox.  Albanv ;  censors,  from 
eight  districts,  Drs.  T.  Franklin  Smith,  H.  Beaklev,  W.  S.  Searle,  B.  F.  Cor- 
nell, W.  H.  Watson,  J.  R.  White,  C.  W.  Boyce  and  A.  S.  Couch.  An  act  of 
incorporation  was  procured  April  17,  1862,  and  at  a  meeting  held  in  Albanv,. 
May  6,  1862,  it  was  decided  to  proceed  as  if  the  society  had  not  before  existed. 
At  this  meeting  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  ^  President,  Jacob  Beak- 
ley.  New  York:  vice-presidents,  A.  R.  Wright.  Buffalo,  E.  A.  Munger,  Wa- 
terville,  W'.  S.  Searle.  Troy ;  secretary,  H.  M.  Paine,  Clinton  ;  treasurer,  L.  B. 
Wells.  Utica.  This  society  is  still  in  active  existence,  and  meets  annually 
in  February  at  Albany,  and  semi-annually  in  various  cities  in  September. 
Members  in  1903,  494.  It  has  published  transactions,  addresses,  etc.,  from  the 
time  of  organization.  The  volumes  from  1863  (Vol.  I.)  have  been  issued  at 
the  expense  of  the  state.  Yoh.  I  to  XT  are  large  octavo  of  from  200  to  1.200 
pages.     From    1874  the  volume?  have  been  bound   in  paper.     The   series  of 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  49 

transactions  were  largely  compiled  by  Dr.  H.  M.  Paine,  who  has  been  called 
the  "Homoeopathic  Organizer."  They  are  rich  in  history,  biography  and  sta- 
tistics of  the  growth  of  American  homoeopathy.  The  fiftieth  anniversary  of 
the  society  was  celebrated  in  Brooklyn,  October  3-5,  1900. 

The  Homoeopathic  Society  of  Central  New  York,  a  branch  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  had  its  origin  in  an  informal  meeting  held  in 
Syracuse",  September  13,  1849,  fo^  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  interests  of 
homoeopathy.  Dr.  A.  L.  Kellogg  of  Bridgewater  was  appointed  chairman, 
and  Dr.  Augustus  Pool  of  Oswego,  secretary.  The  follow'ing  committee  of 
correspondence  was  appointed  to  perfect  a  plan  of  organization  :  S.  W.  Stew- 
art and  Fred  Humphreys  of  Utica.  and  E.  A.  Alunger  of  Waterville.  This 
committee  called  a  meeting  at  the  National  hotel  in  Utica,  January  16,  1850, 
at  which  time  the  society  w^as  regularly  organized  and  the  following  officers 
were  chosen :  President,  A.  L.  Kellogg,  Bridgewater ;  vice-president,  L.  B. 
Wells,  Pompey;  corresponding  secretary,  Fred  Humphreys,  Utica;  record- 
ing secretary,  E.  A.  Munger,  Waterville ;  censors,  S.  W.  Stewart,  F.  Hum- 
phreys, H.  R.  Foote,  Leveritt  Bishop,  J.  C.  Raymond.  Met  semi-annually  and 
annually  in  January.  The  society  was  continued  but  a  few  years.  The  "Min- 
utes" were  published  in  1850.  The  society  made  an  exhaustive  proving  of 
the  apis  mellifica.  which  was  publislied  in  pamphlet  form. 

The  Central  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  the  out- 
growth of  a  convention  of  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  counties  of  Broome, 
Cayuga,  Cortland,  Jefferson,  Madison,  Ontario,  Oneida,  Onondaga,  Oswego, 
Seneca  and  Wayne,  held  at  Syracuse  May  i,  1866.  Officers  elected:  Presi- 
dent, Lyman  Clary,  Syracuse ;  vice-president,  E.  A.  Potter,  Oswego ;  secre- 
tary, E.  R.  Heath,  Palmyra.  It  is  still  in  active  existence.  At  first  it  met 
quarterly  in  September,  December  and  March,  the  annual  meeting  being  in 
June.  It  still  meets  in  Rochester  and  Syracuse,  but  the  annual  meeting  is 
held  in  September  in  the  latter  city.  Members  in  1903,  40.  Transactions 
have  been  published  irregularly. 

The  Flomoeopathic  Medical  Academy  of  the  State  of  New  York,  includes 
in  its  membership  physicians  of  Yates.  Ontario  and  Steuben  and  neighlwring 
counties.  It  was  organized  at  Penn  Yan,  January  i,  1853,  wnder  the  law  of 
1848.  First  officers :  President.  Geo.  W.  Malin,  Jerusalem ;  vice-president, 
Richard  Huson.  Dundee ;  secretary.  Samuel  K.  Huson,  Dundee ;  treasurer.  O. 
W.  Noble,  Penn  Yan.  The  academy  met  quarterly  in  April,  July  and  Octo- 
ber at  dift'erent  places.     The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  January. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  vSociety  of  Northern  New  York  was  organ- 
ized at  Fort  Ann.  Washington  county.  October  16,  1852.  Seven  homoeopatliic 
physicians  residing  in  Washington  and  Saratoga  counties  had  formed  an  as- 
sociation called  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  Counties  of  Washing- 
ton and  Saratoga,  of  which  the  society  here  considered  is  the  outgrowth.  The 
following  officers  were  chosen  at  that  meeting;  President,  B.  F.  Cornell, 
Mcreau  Station  ;  vice-president,  E.  B.  Cole,  Easton  ;  secretarv,  S.  G.  Perkins, 
Waterford :  treasurer,  W.  G.  Walcott,  Whitehall :  censors,  Z.  Clements,  Vic- 
tory Mills,  D.  J.  Easton.  Saratoga  Springs.  W.  G.  Walcott,  Whitehall.  Met 
semi-annually.  Migratory.  Additions  from  the  counties  of  Rensselaer. 
Schcncctadv  and  Warren  greatlv  enlarged  the  society,  and  it  was  decided  to 
call  it  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Northern  New  York.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1857.  To  this  society  belongs  the  honor  of  oriHnating  the 
movement  to  secure  legal  rights  tor  the  homoeopathic  societies  of  New  York 


50 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


state.  At  a  meeting  in  1856  a  committee  was  appointed  to  memorialize  the  leg- 
islature to  that  effect,  and  a  bill  was  passed  April  13,  1857.  In  July,  1859,  ^ 
committee  of  correspondence  was  appointed  to  urge  the  organization  of  county 
medical  societies  and  to  elect  delegates  to  the  meeting  of  the  state  society.  A 
circular  was  to  have  been  issued,  but  in  the  meantime  the  Oneida  County 
Homoeopathic  Society  had  issued  such  a  document  without  knowledge  of  the 
action  of  the  northern  society.  Although  the  Oneida  county  members  took 
the  active  part  at  a  meeting  of  the  state  society  on  February  10,  1863,  ^^^^ 
credit  was  given  to  the  initiative  work  of  the  northern  society.  It  met  an- 
nually in  January,  and  was  discontinued  some  years  ago. 

The  Southern  Tier  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  El- 
mira.  Jainiary  20,  1874.  First  officers:  President.  Henry  Sayles,  Elmira; 
vice-president,  \V.  S.  Purdy,  Corning;  secretary  and  treasurer,  W.  J.  Bryan, 
Corning:  incorporated  April  16,  1878;  published  for  a  short  time  a  journal 
"The  Regular  Physician,"  Dr.  A.  P.  Hollett,  editor :  no  transactions ;  still 
existent.  The  annual  meeting  is  held  at  Corning  in  January :  quarterly  meet- 
ings in  April,  July  and  October  in  different  places.     Members  in  1903,  21. 

The  Western  New  York  Homoeopathic  Society  was  organized  at  Water- 
loo, Seneca  county,  in  1845,  '^"d  meetings  were  provided  to  be  held  at  the  call 
of  the  secretary.  The  first  officers  were  C.  D.  Williams  of  Geneva,  president ; 
H.  H.  Cator  of  Syracuse,  vice-president ;  A.  Childs  of  Waterloo,  secretary. 
The  society  published  its  proceedings  in  1852,  at  wdiich  time,  and  indeed  from 
the  year  of  its  organization,  it  occupied  a  position  of  prominence  in  homoe- 
opalhic  medical  circles  in  Western  New  York  and  enjoyed  the  honor  of  hav- 
ing taken  the  first  steps  toward  the  establishment  of  a  homoeopathic  medi- 
cal college  in  New  York  state.  The  undertaking  failed  of  success,  however, 
but  the  ambition  of  its  promoters  is  worthy  of  commendation  and  special  men- 
tion. The  society  became  decadent  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  but  was  re- 
vived at  a  meeting  held  in  Buffalo.  February  28,  1852,  and  then  took  the  name, 
of  "Homoeopathic  Association  of  \\^estern  New  York  and  Branch  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homoeopathy."  The  first  officers  after  the  reorganization 
were  A.  W.  Grav,  president :  I.  J.  ]Meacham,  D.  A.  Baldwin,  C.  C.  Crossfield, 
L.  N.  Kenyon,  t.  C.  Schell,  S.  Z.  Haven,  F.  Ehrman,  W.  H.  Bell,  A.  Childs 
and  C.  Parker,  vice-presidents;  J.  L.  Gage,  secretary;  J.  F.  Baker,  treasurer. 
The  society  continued  in  existence  onh'  a  few  vears  after  the  reorganization, 
but  during  its  brief  career  was  an  instrument  of  much  good  in  the  homoe- 
opathic profession  in  \\'cstern  New  York. 

The  Western   New  York   Homoeopathic   ISIedical   Society  was  organized  j 
at  the  Tifft  house,  Buffalo,  .-\pril  10,  1885.     First  officers:     President,  L.  M.j 
Kenyon,   Buffalo:  vice-presidents,  J.   F.   Baker,   Batavia.  W.   B.   Gifford,  At« 
tica ;  recording  secretarv.  los.  T.  Cook,  Buffalo:  treasurer.  E.  P.  Hussey,  Buf- 
falo: censors.  A.  R.  \\'right,  F.  D.  Ormes.  S.  W.  Hurd.  J.  D.  Zwetsch,  A.  M. 
Cunis.     Quarterly  meetings  are  held  in  different  places  in  July,  October  and. 
January.     The  annual  meeting  is    held    in    April  in   Buffalo  and    Rochester, 
alternately.     Members  in   1003,  160.     The  society  celebrated  its  first  anniver- 
sary with  a  banquet  on   Hahnemann's  birthday,  in  union   with    the    Monroe; 
County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

The  Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Central  New  York  was  organized  in 
1896.  and  is  not  incorporated.  It  m.eets  annuallv  in  Svracuse  in  June,  and 
semi-annually  in  different  i:)laccs  in  December.     Membership  in  1903,  72. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


51 


The  Hudson  River  Homoeopathic  IMedical  Society  was  organized  at 
Poughkeepsie  in  1874. 

The  county  medical  societies  of  the  state,  with  year  of  organization,  are 
as  follows:  Albany  county,  January,  i860;  Allegheny,  July  10,  1883; 
Broome,  1863;  Cayuga,  February  16,  i860;  Chautauqua  and  Cattaraugas, 
1863;  Chemung,  including  Steuben  and  Schuyler,  February  5,  1861  ;  Chenango, 
September  27.  1871 ;  Columbia  and  Greene,  October  i,  1861  ;  Dutchess,  No- 
vember 2y,  1861  ;  Erie,  December  14,  1859;  Kings,  November  12,  1857;  Liv- 
ingston, December  i,  1857;  Madison,  January  4,  1865;  Monroe,  January  2, 
1866;  Montgomery  (including  Fulton),  February  4,  1869;  New  York,  Aug- 
ust 13,  1857;  Niagara  and  Orleans,  October  3,  1871 ;  Oneida,  October  20, 
1857;  Onondaga,  1862;  Ontario  and  Yates,  1862;  Orange.  February  28,  1852; 
Oswego,  January  23,  1S61  ;  Otsego,  June  20,  i860;  Queens,  June,  1873; 
Rensselaer,  June  9,  1859:  Saratoga.  1863;  Schuyler,  1850;  Seneca,  Septem- 
ber 26,  1872;  Steuben,  ]\Iay  25.  1867;  St.  Lawrence,  October  4,  1871 ;  Tioga, 


I\Iain    Entrance    Middletovvn    State    liomccopathic   Hospital. 


July  29,  1870;  Tompkins,  Cortland  and  Tioga,  September  25,  1874;  Ulster, 
May  10,  1865 :  Washington  and  Warren,  October  16,  1852 ;  Wayne,  February 
9,  1864;  Westchester,  February  i,  1865. 

In  the  establishment  of  institutions  of  charitable  and  benevolent  charac- 
ter homoeopathy  secured  an  early  foothold  and  worked  with  comfhendable 
zeal  until  the  school  became  well  represented  in  all  the  larger  municipalities 
of  the  state ;  but  among  the  several  early  endeavors  at  founding  institutions 
that  which  led  to  the  ultimate  establishment  of  a  state  hospital  for  insane 
patients  is  of  first  importance. 

MIDDLETOWN  STATE  HOMOEOPATHIC  HOSPITAL 

This  institution  was  originally  founded  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  the 
legislature  passed  April  28,  1870,  establishing  at  Middletown.  in  Orange 
county,  a  state  lunatic  asylum  for  "the  care  and  treatment  of  the  insane  and 
the  inebriate  upon  the  principles  of  medicine  known  as  homoeopathic."  The 
movement,  however,  which  led  to  the  ultimate  establishment  of  the  hospital 
had  its  inception  in  the  address  of  John  Stanton  Gould  before  the  State  Homoe- 


52  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

opathic  Medical  Society  at  its  session  in  Albany  in  February,  1866.  The  sub- 
ject of  the  orator's  discourse  was  "The  Relation  of  Insanity  to  Bodily  Dis- 
ease," and  in  the  course  of  his  remarks  attention  was  called  to  the  necessity 
of  a  new  state  asylum  for  lunatics  in  the  southern  tier  counties  of  the  state, 
and  claimed  as  a  matter  of  justice  that  when  organized  the  institution  should 
be  placed  under  the  homoeopathic  school  of  medicine. 

This  seems  to  have  been  the  crystallizing  point  of  the  earnest  desire  of 
the  homoeopathic  profession  throughout  the  state,  for  at  the  next  meeting 
of  the  state  society  in  February,  1867,  a  resolution  was  offered  by  Dr.  Paine 
of  Albany  to  the  effect  that  "Whereas,  a  bill  authorizing  the  erection  of  a  new 
lunatic  asylum  is  now  pending  before  the  legislature,"  therefore  a  committee 
should  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  memorial  asking  "for  such  action  as  shall 
place  said  institution  under  the  care  of  the  homoeopathic  school." 

But  notwithstanding  the  laudable  efforts  of  the  advocates  of  the  enter- 
prise and  their  apparent  zeal  for  its  consummation,  nothing  was  accomplished 
until  some  years  afterward.  In  the  meantime,  however,  Dr.  Hilon  Doty  had 
come  forward  with  a  proposition  to  turn  over  his  private  asylum,  "Margaretts- 
ville  Retreat  for  the  Insane,"  to  a  board  of  trustees  or  managers  of  an  incor- 
porated institution  under  homoeopathic  control,  and  wdiile  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion was  secured  in  1869  through  the  influence  of  the  state  medical  society, 
nothing  was  done  until  December  of  that  year,  when  Dr.  George  E.  Foote  of 
Middletown  presented  to  the  homoeopathic  profession  a  plan  to  establish  an 
insane  asylum,  founded  by  subscription  and  endowment,  and  organized  as  a 
close  corporation.  This  proposition  met  with  favor,  and  sufficient  subscrip- 
tions were  received  to  insure  success,  but  it  soon  became  necessary  to  give 
the  institution  a  more  public  character  and  to  enlist  state  support.  Accord- 
ingly, it  was  planned  to  make  it  a  state  asylum ;  the  time  was  deemed  ripe 
for  such  a  movement,  and  the  governor  in  his  last  message  had  pointed  out 
the  need  of  better  and  more  accommodations  for  the  insane  charges  upon 
the  public  bounty.  The  friends  of  the  movement  were  quick  to  see  their 
opportunity  and  threw  themselves  earnestly  into  the  work,  leaving  no*  stone 
unturned  until  their  desires  were  gratified  in  the  passage  of  an  act,  April  28, 
1870,  establishing  a  state  lunatic  asylum  at  Middletown  under  homoeopathic 
managem.ent.  It  was  not  the  first  homoeopathic  asylum  in  the  world,  as  has 
been  asserted,  but  was  the  first  of  its  kind  in  America  under  purely  homoe- 
opathic management.  It  was  formally  opened  for  patients,  April  20.  1874. 
The  name  was  changed  in  conformity  to  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  the  legis- 
lature, and  then  became  known  as  ]\Iiddlctown  State  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 

The  Gowanda  State  HomcEopathic  H^ospital  had  its  inception  in  a  reso- 
lution of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  Erie  county,  passed  in  1888  in  pursuance 
of  an  act  of  the  legislature  authorizing  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  a 
county  homoeopathic  insane  asylum.  Under  the  original  authorization  the 
necessary  preliminary  steps  were  taken,  but  after  a  few  years  the  question 
of  state  ownership  and  support  was  discussed  with  much  earnestness,  with 
result  in  1894  of  such  action  on  the  part  of  the  state  as  vested  the  ownership 
of  the  institution  and  its  property  in  the  commonwealth,  and  created  what 
then  was  known  as  the  Collins  State  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 

This  result,  however,  was  not  accomplished  without  determined  action  on 
the  part  of  the  homoeopathic  profession  ?nd  particularly  of  its  state  and 
Western  New  York  medical  societies.  The  first  trustees,  now  designated 
as  managers,  comprised  Dr.  A\'illiam  Tod  Helmuth,  president ;  Fred  J.  Black- 


♦ 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


53 


man,  secretary ;  and  Dr.  Asa  S.  Couch.  This  board  was  continued  until  1897, 
when  it  was  increased  to  seven  members,  constituted  as  follows :  William 
Tod  Helmuth  of  New  York  city,  president;  Dr.  Asa  S.  Couch,  of  Fredonia, 
secretary ;  Fred  J.  Blackman  of  Gowanda,  treasurer ;  Dr.  Sidney  F.  Wilcox 
of  New  York  city ;  G.  W.  Seymour  of  Westfield ;  F.  D.  Ormes  of  Jamestown ; 
and  Dr.  E.  H.  Walcott  of  Rochester.  In  1899,  by  an  act  of  the  legislature, 
the  name  was  changed  to  Gowanda  State  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  The  insti- 
tution was  opened  for  patients  August  i,  1898.  The  present  managers  are 
Dr.  Eugene  H.  Porter  of  New  York  city,  Fred  J.  Blackman  of  Gowanda, 
Frank  W.  Crandall  of  Westfield,  Edwin  H.  Walcott  of  Rochester,  and  Erwin 
C   Fisher  of  Gowanda.     Superintendent,   Dr.   D.   H.  Arthur. 

The  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Hospital  resulted  from  the  enlargement  and 
modification  of  the  old  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  which  was  in- 
corporated in  December,  1852,  and  opened  for  patients  in  January  of  the  fol- 
lowing year.  This  splendid  charity  was  founded  by  Edward  Dunham,  father 
of  Dr.  Carroll  Dunham,  and  was  organized  with  seven  trustees.     In   1871  a 


^  <:  j^B^^^PoJalr 

W^^^^^^K 

■■» 

fivm 

Main  Building  IMiddletown  State  Homoeopathic    Hospital. 

■special  act  of  the  legislature  changed  the  name  to  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic 
Hospital,  and  authorized  its  trustees  to  buy,  sell,  lease  or  encumber  real 
estate  for  the  purposes  of  the  corporation  in  establishing  and  maintaining  the 
hospital.  At  the  time  the  state  appropriated  $10,000  for  the  hospital,  and 
a  charity  ball  held  at  the  Academy  of  Music  in  Brooklyn  netted  the  trustees 
$3,000  more.  In  December,  1871,  the  trustees  purchased  the  preinises  and 
iDuilding  formerly  the  property  of  the  Brooklyn  Orphan  Asylum,  made  sev- 
eral important  alterations,  and  formally  opened  it  as  their  own  hospital  home 
on  February  13,  1873;  but  such  additions  have  been  made  in  later  years  that 
the  building  bears  little  resemblance  to  its  original  self.  The  nurses'  school 
in  connection  with  the  hospital  was  opened  in  1878.  In  1901  the  hospital  and 
property  passed  under  the  ownership  of  the  citv  of  New  York. 

The  Children's  Hospital  of  the  Five  Points  "House  of  Industry  was  estab- 
lished under  that  name  in  1886,  yet  its  histor\^  dates  to  the  year  1861.  when 
old  Dr.  Joslin,  of  honored  memory,  was  asked  to  give  homoeopathic  treatment 
to  the  sick  children  of  the  old  house  of  industry.    The  hospital  was  the  natural 


o4  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

and  gradual  outgrowth  of  the  older  institution  and  the  building  for  its  occu- 
pancy was  erected  in  i8S6,  the  corner  stone  being  laid  in  August  of  that  year, 
while  the  formal  opening  was  held  in  April.  1887.  Since  Dr.  Joslin's  time  this 
institution  has  been  conducted  under  homoeopathic  management. 

The  Woman's  Infirmary  Association  of  Washington  Heights  was  organ- 
ized mainlv  through  the  efiforts  of  the  late  Dr.  J.  W.  Mitchell.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  October,  1863,  opened  May  19,  1864,  and  in  1868  was  removed  from 
its  former  location  to  the  corner  of  Sixth  avenue  and  West  Forty-eighth 
street.  In  1869  this  charity  was  merged  in  the  woman's  department  of  Hahne- 
mann Hospital. 

The  Albany  City  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  incorporated  April  9,  1868, 
as  the  Albany  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  although  a  previous  organization 
had  been  in  existence  since  1867.  A  new  incorporation  was  effected  October 
30,  1872,  at  which  time  the  institution  took  its  present  name.  The  first  meet- 
ing of  trustees  was  held  November  6,  1872.  The  dispensary  and  hospital 
occupied  the  same  building  and  were  under  the  same  management,  although 
in  a  sense  distinct  organizations,  but  in  May,  1875,  they  were  united  by  act 
of  the  legislature  under  the  name  of  Albany  City  Hospital  and  Dispensary. 
The  institution  always  has  been  under  homoeopathic  control,  and  is  supported 
by  city  appropriations,  individual  contributions  and  revenues  derived  from 
private  patients. 

Hahnemann  Hospital.  New  York  city,  is  one  of  the  noblest  institutions 
of  homoeopathy  in  America,  and  also  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  of  its  kind 
in  the  world.  The  original  hospital  association  w'as  formed  September  7, 
1869,  and  on  the  evening  of  December  14  following  a  large  meeting  was  held 
in  the  Union  League  Club  theatre  to  inaugurate  a  movement  to  establish  a 
homoeopathic  hospital  in  the  city.  Dr.  John  F.  Gray,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
best  representatives  of  his  school  in  the  city,  was  chairman  of  the  meeting,, 
and  imder  his  inspiration  much  enthusiasm  was  shown  in  the  proceedings,  and 
the  movement  W'hich  before  had  been  one  of  discussion  only  at  once  took 
more  definite  form.  A  building  was  secured  at  307  East  Fifty-fifth  street,. 
and  a  hospital  capable  of  accommodating  fifteen  patients  w^as  opened  in  Jan- 
uary, 1870,  there  being  one  ward  for  men  and  one  for  women.  Dr.  F.  Seeger 
was  the  first  medical  director. 

The  Ladies'  Aid  Society  of  the  Hahnemann  Hospital  was  organized  ir» 
December.  1869,  and  at  once  took  measures  to  raise  funds  for  the  hospital. 
The  state,  through  the  legislature,  gave  material  aid  to  the  association  in  the 
way  of  property  rights  to  the  value  of  from  $70,000  to  $80,000,  and  also  gave 
through  the  charity  appropriation  bill  $20,000:  the  city  of  New  York  appro- 
priated $10,000.  In  1871  the  trustees  of  the  New  Y^ork  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College  dispensary  held  a  meeting  to  establish  in  connection  with  the  col- 
lege a  surgical  hospital  for  clinical  purposes.  In  this  project,  too,  the  ladies 
became  interested  and  undertook  to  raise  funds  for  a  building  bv  a  fair  held 
in  the  spring  of  1872,  from  which  enterprise  they  realized  the  net  sum  of  $35,- 
000.  With  this  fund  the  trustees  purchased  the  property  at  26  Gramercv 
park,  but  owing  to  opposition  from,  adjoining  owners  the  site  was  abandoned 
for  another  at  Thirty-seven<-h  street  and  Lexington  avenue. 

At  this  time  there  existed  in  New  York  three  distinct  hospital  organiza- 
tions, all  under  the  patronage  of  homoeopath v  and  its  friends.  These  were  the 
Hahnemann  Hospital,  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Surq-ical  Hospital  and 
the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Hospital  for  ^^'omen  and  Children.     After  con- 


HISTORY  OF  HO^rCEOPATHY 


55 


siderable  discussion  these  institutions  were  merged  and  consolidated  under 
one  organization  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  the  legislature  passed  March  20, 
1875.  The  new  corporation  at  once  set  vigorously  about  the  task  of  provid- 
ing a  hospital  home;  the  ladies  association  held  another  fair,  and  presented 
the  trustees  the  neat  sum  of  $25,000;  the  sum  of  $3,000  was  acquired  from 
other  sources,  and  $15,000  was  already  in  the  treasury;  the  city  gave  the 
land  at  Fourth  avenue  and  67th  and  68th  streets,  and  on  that  site  the  erec- 
tion of  a  hospital  was  begun,  the  corner  stone  being  laitl  October  25.  1876. 
The  hospital  was  formally  opened  October  31.  1878,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  one  of  the  most  useful  charities  of  the  cit\. 

The  Brooklyn  Maternity  Hospital  was  organized  under  charter  of  Jan- 
uary 24,  1871,  as  the  Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Lying-in  Asylum,  and  its  ob- 
ject was  to  furnish  patients  exclusive  homoeopathic  treatment  and  care  dur- 
ing confinement.  In  ]\Iarch,  1873,  ^  children's  nursery  was  established  in 
connection  with  the  hospital,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  a  training  school 


Metropolilan    Hospital.     Ulickwcir^  Island. 

for  nurses  was  organized,  being  llie  first  school  for  the  exclusive  and  thor- 
ough training  of  nurses  in  this  country,  it  was  then  known  as  the  New  York 
State  School  for  Training  Nurses.  In  1873  the  name  of  the  hospital  was 
changed  from  Brooklyn  Homceopathic  Fying-in  .Asylum  to  T.rooklyn  Mater- 
nity Hospital,  as  since  and  now  known. 

The  Brooklyn  Nursery  and  Infant's  llospit'il  was  incorporated  and  organ- 
ized August  7,  1871.  as  the  Flatbush  Inlustrial  School  and  Nursery.  The 
present  name  was  adopted  February  15.  1872.  The  institution  is  managed 
under  honuieopathic  supervision,  and  Is*  supported  l»y  city  appropriations  and 
donations  from  j)rivate  .sources. 

The  I'.uffalo  Homceopathic  Hospital  dates  its  historv  from  the  year  1872, 
when  application  was  made  to  the  trustees  of  the  RufYalo  General  Hospital 
for  a  ward  to  be  set  apart  for  such  patients  as  preferred  homoeopathic  treat- 
ment :  and  wdiile  it  was  proposed  from  the  outset  that  the  expense  of  the 
separate  ward   should  be  borne  b>'   friends  and  ]iatrons  of  homoeopathy,  the 


50  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

application  was  refused  on  the  ground  that  th.e  charter  of  the  institution  pro- 
hibited practice  there  of  any  other  than  representatives  of  the  allopathic 
school.  This  refusal  may  have  been  justifiable  under  the  strict  construction 
of  the  terms  of  the  charter,  but  it  had  the  efifect  to  stimulate  action  on  the 
part  of  friends  of  homoeopathy  in  the  matter  of  establishing  in  the  city  a  hos- 
pital which  should  be  entirely  under  homoeopathic  control.  For  that  purpose 
an  organization  was  perfected  in  August,  1872,  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of 
incorporation  passed  June  25  previously.  Lands  were  at  once  secured,  funds 
were  raised,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  the  first  homoeopathic  hospital 
in  Buffalo  was  formally  opened.  After  two  years  the  original  property  was 
sold  and  a  new  and  more  desirable  site  was  secured.  The  nurses'  home  and 
nurses'  school  were  established  in  1887.  The  hosjiital  with  its  auxiliary  build- 
ings and  associations  is  one  of  the  most  praiseworthy  charitable  institutions  of 
the  city,  and  in  the  public  estimation  occupies  a  position  of  importance.  It 
has  been  the  beneficiary  of  several  notable  donations,  and  the  entertainments 
in  its  behalf  have  always  attracted  the  favor  of  the  substantial  element  of  the 
community. 

The  i\IetropoHtan  Hospital  on  Blackwell's  Island  dates  its  history  from 
the  year  1894,  and  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  older  institution  known  in  history 
as  the  New  York  Charity  Hospital  on  Ward's  Island.  The  latter  institution 
was  the  result  of  a  movement  which  originated  as  far  back  as  1857,  when 
the  homa'opathic  profession  in  New  York  was  making  an  earnest  and  honest 
endeavor  to  introduce  its  treatment  in  some  of  the  great  charities  of  the  city. 
The  efiforts  then  made  were  well  directed  but  the  petition  presented  to  the 
authorities  seems  to  have  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  old  allopathic  enemy, 
as  the  majority  report  of  a  select  committee  declared  "that  it  would  be  both 
unwise  and  inexpedient  to  change  the  medical  government  of  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, or  place  any  portion  of  it  in  charge  of  a  board  of  homoeopathic  practi- 
tioners for  the  purpose  of  experimenting  with  that  system  of  practice  upon 
its  inmates."  The  minority  member  of  the  same  committee  also  made  a  re- 
port, but  liis  declarations  availed  nothing  against  those  of  the  majority. 
Although  the  adverse  report  of  the  commissioners  had  not  a  disheartening  ef- 
fect upon  the  hopes  of  the  homoeopathic  profession  and  its  friends  in  the  city, 
there  was  no  further  well  organized  attempt  to  introduce  homoeopathv  into 
the  pul)lic  charitable  institutions  until  the  winter  of  1874-5.  when  the  sub- 
ject of  homoeopathic  succe.'^s  in  general  was  being  discussed  in  one  of  the 
leading  clubs  by  several  men  of  prominence  in  professional  and  ofificial  circles. 
A  narrative  of  the  events  of  the  occasion  are  not  deemed  important  here,  but 
the  consensus  of  opinion  inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  homoeopathic  profes- 
sion was  entitled  to  representation  in  the  great  charitable  institutions  of  the 
city :  and  out  of  the  opinions  then  well  voiced  there  grew  a  petition  which  was 
so  strongly  reinforced  with  names  of  representative  men  that  the  commis- 
sioners of  charities  could  not  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  its  presentations,  for  it  asked 
only  tlie  recognition  of  a  right,  and  not  a  favor.  The  county  homoeopathic 
society  also  took  an  active  part  in  the  movement,  and  as  its  result,  on  August 
7,  1875.  the  commissioners  agreed  that  a  part  of  the  old  inebriate  asylum 
on  Ward's  Island  should  be  set  apart  for  a  hospital  to  be  under  the  charge 
of  homoeopathic  physicians,  subject  to  such  rules  as  the  charities  department 
might  establish.  A  homoeopathic  medical  board  was  created  and  held  its  first 
meeting  September  4,  1875,  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  W.  H.  White,  electing 
at  that  time  these  officers :     Dr.  Egbert   Guernsey,  president ;   W.    Hanford 


HISTORY  OF  trOMGEOPATHY  57 

White,  vice-president ;  A.  K.  Hills,  secretary.  Dr.  Selden  H.  Talcott  was 
appointed  chief-of-staff  of  the  new  hospital,  and  the  first  house  staff  comprised 
Drs.  Duncan,  Macfarlan,  Madden,  Sullivan  and  Nichols.  On  September  21 
the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  visited  the  hospital,  and 
on  October  15  the  institution  was  formally  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients. 

On  March  26,  1894,  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  on  Ward's  Island  ceased 
to  exist,  and  on  that  date  the  patients  from  the  homoeopathic  hospital  were 
transferred  to  Blackwell's  Island,  where  the  Metropolitan  Hospital  was  estab- 
lished. Like  its  predecessor,  it  is  under  the  care  of  the  board  of  charities,  but 
is  in  charge  of  homoeopathic  practitioners,  and  one  of  the  most  useful  aux- 
iliaries of  the  medical  colleges  of  the  greater  city. 

The  New  York  Homoeopathic  Surgical  Hospital  was  one  of  the  three 
institutions  that  eventually  merged  to  form  the  Hahnemann  Hospital.  It 
was  opened  at  Fifty-fourth  street  and  Broadway  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Ladies'  Aid  Society,  Jvme  4,  1875;  the  first  patient  was  received  June  18,  1875. 

The  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children  was  incorporated  and 
organized  in  1883  as  the  Brooklyn  Women's  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dis- 
pensary, but  later  on  the  name  was  changed  to  that  which  heads  this  brief 
sketch.  This  is  one  of  the  splendid  charities  for  which  the  city  of  Brooklyn 
is  famous.  It  is  supported  by  private  contributions,  private  patients,  and  the 
earnings  of  the  nurses'  department.  The  institution  in  all  its  departments  is 
managed  by  women  alone. 

The  Isabella  Helmuth  Hospital  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  chronic 
invalids  was  founded  in  New  York  city  in  1889. 

The  Laura  Franklin  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  for  several  years  one 
of  the  notable  charities  of  New  York  city,  was  founded  largely  through  the 
personal  influence  of  the  late  Dr.  Timothy  Field  Allen,  the  great  homoe- 
opathic organizer  and  builder  up  of  institutions.  The  hospital,  however,  was 
built  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Franklin  Delano  as  a  memorial  of  their  daughter.  It 
was  opened  under  homoeopathic  supervision,  November  9,  1886.  and  is  located 
on  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  street  between  Fifth  and  Madison  avenues. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan  I^eaconesses  at  Thirty-eighth  street 
and  Seventh  avenue.  New  York  city,  an  institution  of  the  ^Methodist  Episcopal 
■church,  and  under  homoeopathic  medical  supervision,  was  opened  January  3, 
1887,  as  an  adjunct  of  the  western  dispensary.  In  1889  it  was  united  with 
Hahnemann  Hospital. 

The  Rochester  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  one  of  the  best  institutions  of  its 
character  in  the  state,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  meeting  of  the  iMonroe  County 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  held  at  Rochester  in  the  spring  of  1886.  At 
that  time  the  desirability  of  establishing  a  homoeopathic  hospital  was  discussed, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  select  a  site  for  a  hospital  building  and 
arrange  for  its  erection.  The  members  of  the  committee  were  Drs.  Sumner, 
Adams,  Buell,  Wolcott,  Carr,  Fowler,  Dayfoot,  Spencer  and  Lee.  Hovvever. 
nothing  definite  was  accomplished  until  May  of  the  next  year,  when  thirteen 
interested  persons  were  incorporated  as  trustees  of  the  Rochester  Homoeopathic 
Hospital.  The  first  meeting  of  the  board  was  held  December  4.  1888.  A  lot 
was  soon  afterward  secured,  buildings  were  erected  and  on  the  opening  of  the 
institution.  September  18,  1889.  visitors  were  greeted  with  a  view  of  four 
splendid  buildings — hospital,  nurses  house,  dispensary  and  laijndry.  The 
nurse's  school  was  opened  December  i.  1889.  In  1890  donations  were  re- 
ceived from  Don  Alonzo  Watson  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hiram  Sibley,  amounting 


58  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

in  the  aggregate  to  the  sum  of  $30,000,  which  enabled  the  hospital  corporation 
to  free  itself  of  debt.  In  1892  the  trustees  secured  additional  lands,  a  desir- 
able tract  of  eight  acres,  and  at  once  set  about  the  erection  of  a  series  of  mod- 
ern hospital  buildings,  adopting  the  then  new  but- now  popular  cottage  plan 
of  construction.  The  work  was  completed  and  the  new  buildings  opened  No- 
vember 21,  1894,  and  comprised  a  series  of  comfortable  structures  known  re- 
spectively as  the  administration  building,  \\'atson  pavilion,  Sibley  pavilion, 
Watson  surgical  pavilion,  Hollister  building,  Brothers  cottage,  the  morgue, 
and  the  kitchen  building.  The  department  of  bacteriology  was  established  in 
1896,  and  the  new  maternity  ward  was  built  in  1899.  Thus  the  trustees  of 
the  Rochester  Homoeopathic  Hospital  have  become  possessed  of  one  of  the 
most  complete  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  and  one  in  which  the 
people  of  Rochester  feel  pardonable  pride.  It  is  indeed  the  popular  hospital 
of  the  city,  and  its  corporation  has  at  various  times  been  made  the  recipient 
of  generous  benefactions. 

The  Florence  Hospital  of  New  York  city  was  established  and  incorporated 
in  1889,  and  was  opened  for  patients  in  the  following  year.  It  was  founded 
largely  through  the  influence  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Tod  Helmuth  and  the 
generosity  of  other  friends  of  homoeopathy  in  the  city. 

The  Hargous  Memorial  Hahnemann  Hospital  of  Rochester  dates  its  his- 
tory from  the  year  1888,  when  certain  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  city 
became  satisfied  that  the  practice  of  medicine  as  approved  by  the  majority  of 
members  of  the  Monroe  County  Homoeopathic  INIedical  Society  was  not  in 
accord  with  the  strict  teachings  of  Hahnemann,  and  they  therefore  withdrew 
their  membership  in  that  organization  and  formed  the  Rochester  Hahneman- 
nian  Society  and  issued  a  circular  advocating  the  founding  of  a  hospital  agree- 
able to  the  strict  principles  laid  down  by  the  founder — Hahnemann — in  the 
Organon.  The  physicians  most  directly  connected  with  the  move- 
ment and  who  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  founding  the  hospital  were  Drs. 
Biegler,  Schmitt.  Johnson,  Brownell,  Carr.  Grant,  Hoard.  Hermance  and  Nor- 
man. Several  jneetings  were  held,  which  were  attended  by  both  physicians 
and  laymen,  an7l  resulted  in  the  organization  of  a  hospital  board.  An  incor- 
poration was  effected  April  4.  1889.  but  even  before  the  act  was  passed  Dr. 
Biegler  had  secured  an  option  on  the  Judge  Selden  property  on  Oakland  street, 
comprising  three  acres  of  land  on  an  eminence  commanding  a  view  of  the  city. 
On  February  5,  1889,  the  premises  were  leased,  with  the  privilege  to  purchase 
at  a  later  date.  The  Selden  residence  was  at  once  refitted  for  its  intended 
new  occupancy ;  an  association  of  lady  managers  was  formed  in  February, 
1889.  and  on  April  10  following  (Hahnemann's  birthday)  the  institution  was 
formally  opened,  the  orator  of  the  occasion  being  Dr.  Clarence  Willard  Butler 
of  Montclair,  New  Jersev.  and  the  subject  of  his  address  "An  Appeal  for 
Hahnemann's  Homoeopathy."'  \\'hen  the  trustees  and  managers  desired  to 
raise  funds  for  the  purchase  of  hospital  property  and  the  establishment  of 
endowed  beds,  the  nniltitude  of  friends  of  homoeopathy  came  to  the  relief  of 
the  corporation  with  generous  donations.  In  August,  1890,  Mrs.  Appleton  of 
Boston,  daughter  of  Louis  Stanislaus  Hargous,  gave  the  trustees  the  sum  of 
$35,000  as  a  memorial  of  the  professional  services  of  Dr.  Biegler  to  her  family, 
and  also  a<;  a  means  of  expressing  her  gratitude  to  him  and  to  homoeopathy. 
A  gift  also  of  $10,000  bv  Susan  Jeanette  and  Louis  Stanislaus  Hargous  en- 
dowed free  beds  in  the  hospital,  am!  as  an  appreciation  of  these  benefactions 
the  hospital  was  given  the  name  Hargous  Memorial  Hahnemann  Hospital  of 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  59 

Rochester.  A  new  building  was  erected  in  1902,  and  since  that  time  the  insti- 
tution has  occupied  a  new  and  advanced  position  among  the  charities  of  the 
city. 

The  Buffalo  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  founded  and  opened  in  1892  for 
the  especial  purpose  of  furnishing  dispensary  treatment  to  patients  who  are 
unable  to  pay  the  ordinary  physician's  charges.  The  institution  was  founded 
through  the  generosity  of  several  men  of  means,  who  were  interested  in  phil- 
anthropic work.     Its  doors  were  opened  lor  patients  June  i,  1892. 

The  Utica  Homoeopathic  Hospital  at  Utica,  New  York,  was  founded  in 
1895,  and  was  opened  for  patients  September  28  of  that  year.  Among  those 
diiectly  concerned  in  the  enterprise  in  its  early  history,  and  who  also  were 
its  officers,  were  Dr.  William  H.  Watson,  president ;  Dr.  F.  F.  Laird,  medical 
director;  and  Dr.  M.  O.  Terry,  surgeon-in-chief.  A  nurses'  training  school 
is  conducted  in  connection  with  this  hospital. 

The  Syracuse  Homoeopathic  Hospital  w^as  founded  in  1896.     An  organi- 


Utica  HonnEopatliic  Hospital. 

zation  was  effected  in  the  early  part  of  that  year,  and  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Onondaga  County  Homa'0])athic  Medical  Society  held  in  May  a  committee 
of  the  hospital  trustees  announced  to  the  society  that  they  had  resolved  upon 
the  purchase  of  a  site  for  a  hospital  building.  An  original  hospital  incorpora- 
tion had  been  effected  in  1895,  and  just  one  year  afterward  the  institution  was 
ready  for  patients.  The  affairs  of  the  association  prospered  for  a  time,  then 
seemed  to  become  decadent  and  in  a  bad  way  financially  until  the  generous 
offer  of  a  new  site  for  a  hospital  building  by  John  Lyman  and  wife  awakened 
new  and  lively  interest  in  its  welfare.  Mr.  Lyman's  deed  of  gift  of  the  Salina 
street  property  bears  date  January   t.   1903. 

The  Harlem  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  New  York  city,  was 
founded  and  opened  in  March.  1896.  The  Yonkers  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
and  Maternity  Home  was  establishcfl  in  1896.  The  Mt.  \^ernon  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  was  incorporated  anrl  organized  in  1897. 


430  HISrOKV  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


REMIXISCEXCES. 

The  story  of  the  origin  and  marvellous  growth  of  homoeopathy  in  the 
United  States  had  its  beginning  in  the  year  1825  in  the  city  of  New  Vork, 
■when  Dr.  Hans  Burch  Gram,  a  brilliant  surgeon,  physician  and  scholar,  visited 
that  city,  where  his  brother,  Xeils  B.  Gram,  resided.  Dr.  Gram,  an  American 
by  birth,  had  recently  come  from  Copenhagen  in  Denmark,  where  he  had  been 
educated  and  where  he  had  become  a  believer  in  the  medical  doctrines  promul- 
gated by  Hahnemann  the  founder.  Thus,  in  America  Gram  was  the  lirst 
exemplar  to  teach  and  to  practice  medicine  according  to  the  law  of  homoe- 
opathy. 

Hans  Burch  Gram  was  the  son  of  Hans  Gram,  w-hose  father  was  a  wealthy 
sea  captain  of  Copenhagen.  Hans  Gram  when  a  young  man  was  private  secre- 
tary to  the  governor  of  the  Danish  island  of  Santa  Cruz.  While  travelling  in 
the  United  States  in  1782  or  1783  he  became  interested  in  a  Miss  Burdick,  the 
daughter  of  a  hotel  keeper  in  Boston,  where  Gram  was  then  living.  He  mar- 
ried her  and  for  his  action  his  father  disinherited  him,  but  relenting  on  his 
deathbed,  left  him  his  fortune.  Mr.  Gram  settled  permanently  in  Boston  after 
his  marriage,  but  the  records  of  his  life  are  m.eagre.  At  one  time  he  was  liv- 
ing in  Cambridge  and  was  an  organist.  He  afterward  lived  on  Common 
street,  where  he  died  in  1803.  Mr.  Gram  on  hearing  of  the  death  of  his  father 
prepared  to  leave  Boston  and  return  to  his  native  land  and  receive  his  patri- 
mony, but  the  night  before  he  was  to  have  sailed  for  Denmark  he  was  taken 
sick  and  died- in  a  few  hours.  His  widow  survived  him  but  two  years,  dying 
in  1805, 

Hans  Burch  Gram,  the  son,  a  year  later,  in  1806,  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  went  to  Copenhagen  to  claim  the  fortune  left  by  his  grandfather.  He 
obtained  a  portion  of  it  and  was  successful  in  finding  friends  and  relatives 
willing  to  aid  him.  Prof.  Fenger,  physician-in-ordinary  to  the  king,  was  his 
uncle,  and  through  his  favor  Gram  received  a  superior  education.  He  was 
placed  in  the  Royal  Medical  and  Surgical  Institution,  and  Dr.  Fenger  gave 
him  every  advantage  of  the  other  schools  and  later  of  the  hospitals  of  \orthern 
Europe.  Within  a  year  after  his  arrival  in  Copenhagen  he  was  appointed  by 
the  king  assistant  surgeon  to  a  large  military  hospital.  This  appointment 
was  preceded  by  a  rigorous  examination  in  Latin,  Greek,  philosophy,  anatomy 
and  minor  surgery.  He  was  officially  connected  with  the  hospital  as  surgeon 
during  the  last  seven  years  of  the  Napoleonic  wars,  residing  therein  much  of 
the  time.  In  1814  he  resigned  his  position,  having  been  advanced  to  the  rank 
of  surgeon,  and  won  the  highest  grade  of  merit  in  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Surgcrv,  with  the  degree  of  C.  M.  L.,  the  highest  of  three  degrees.  He  then 
devoted  himself  to  general  practice  in  Copenhagen,  and  so  successfullv  that 
at  the  age  of  forty  years  he  had  acquired  a  competence  for  himself  and  also 
was  enabled  to  assist  the  members  of  his  family,  all  of  whom  had  remained 
in  the  United  States. 

During  the  years  1823  and  1824.  Gram  had  become  acquainted  with  the 
principles  of  homoeopathy  and  had  tested  the  new  system  very  carefullv  on  his 
own  person  and  in  his  extensive  practice,  and  had  become  convinced  of  the 
truth  of  the  doctrines  propounded  by  Hahnemann.  But  he  longed  to  see  his 
family  in  America,  and  therefore  returned  to  the  land  of  his  birth.  He  sailed 
from  Stockholm  in  the  ship  "William  Penn."  Captain  William  Thompson,  and 
landed  with  him  at  ^Tount  Desert,  Maine,  where  he  lived  for  some  time  as  a 


HISTORY  OF  HOI^ICEOPATHY  HI 

guest  of  Dr.  Kendall  Kittridge,  the  first  doctor  ever  settled  on  the  island. 
Gram  afterward  took  passage  with  Captain  Thompson  for  New  York,  where 
he  landed  some  time  in  1825  and  where  his  brother,  Neils  B.  Gram,  was  estab- 
lished in  business.  He  lost  his  fortune  by  endorsing  notes  for  this  brother, 
who  seems  to  have  been  unfortunate,  and  was  obliged  to  resume  the  practice 
of  medicine. 

It  is  probable  that  Gram  was  induced  to  return  to  America  more  because 
he  believed  he  could  disseminate  the  doctrines  of  homoeopathy  than  with  any 
thought  of  entering  into  active  practice.  He  was  a  ripe  scholar  and  in  Europe 
had  been  the  associate  of  many  learned  men.  However,  he  opened  an  office 
in  New  York,  though  on  account  of  his  modesty  it  was  several  years  before 
he  became  well  acquainted  with  his  brothers  in  the  profession.  Gray  says  of 
him :  "He  was  too  modest  by  far  in  his  intercourse  with  his  fellow  men.  He 
was  not  diffident  nor  timid,  for  no  surgeon  knew  better  how  to  decide  when 
or  how  any  operation  of  the  art  should  be  performed,  and  very  few,  indeed, 
could  operate  with  his  skill  and  adroitness ;  but  in  conversing  with  a  fellow 
practitioner  he  very  much  preferred  hearing  the  sentiments  and  opinions  of 
others  to  delivering  his  own.  He  made  it  a  rule  never  to  express  his  opinions 
on  scientific  matters  until  they  were  sought  for  in  detail.  Yet  Gram  was  apt 
and  willing  to  converse  and  to  teach."  It  is  thought  that  he  must  have  been 
a  homoeopathist  in  Copenhagen  for  ten  or  twelve  years  previous  to  his  depar- 
ture, and  he  claimed  to  have  been  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  European  believ- 
ers. Desiring  to  call  the  attention  of  the  medical  profession  of  New  York  to 
the  subject  of  homoeopathy,  a  few  months  after  his  settlement  he  made  a 
translation  of  Hahnemann's  "  Geist  der  homoeopathischen  Heil-lehre  "  and  pub- 
lished it  in  a  small  pamphlet  of  twenty-four  octavo  pages,  with  the  title  "  The 
Character  of  Homceopathy."  This  work  was  dedicated  to  Dr.  David  Hosack, 
at  that  time  president  of  the  New  York  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
and  professor  of  theory  and  practice  in  that  institution.  This  essay  was  first 
published  in  a  German  newspaper  of  March,  1813,  and  afterward  in  a  volume 
of  the  second  edition  of  the  "  Materia  ^Nledica  Pura."'  It  was  printed  in  the 
form  of  a  letter  to  Hosack,  and  was  gratuitously  distributed  among  the  lead- 
ing members  of  the  medical  profession,  and  especially  to  the  medical  schools. 

Gram  had  long  been  away  from  the  country  and  his  English  was  liad.. 
His  twenty  years  in  Denmark  gave  this  little  missionary  tract  such  a  Danish- 
German-English  grotesqueness  and  such  complicated  grammatical  construc- 
tion that  it  was  difficult  to  read  understandingly.  Gray  doubted  whether  any 
one  to  whom  it  \Yas  sent  ever  did  read  it.  Hosack  said  he  had  not  done  so. 
Gram  was  greatly  disappointed  that  the  truth  he  so  firmly  believed  in  should 
be  so  coldly  received,  and  with  the  exception  of  certain  manuscripts  afterward 
loaned  to  Eolger,  and  lost  by  him,  nothing  further  was  written  by  hiiii.  'i^his 
pamphlet  was  the  first  ever  published  in  the  United  States  on  the  subject  of 
homoeopathy.  Only  one  copy  is  known  to  exist,  and  that  was  presented  by 
Mrs.  Wilsev  to  Dr.  Henry  M.  Smith  and  by  him  donated  to  the  New  York 
library. 

A  powerful  factor  in  the  introduction  of  Gram  to  his  fellows  in  New 
York  was  that  he  was  an  enthusiastic  royal  arch  mason,  and  it  was  through 
the  influence  of  the  lodge  room  that  he  formed  several  close  friendships  with 
influential  persons;  he  met  Eolger  at  a  masonic  meeting.  It  is  said  that  he 
was  an  officer  in  Jerusalem  chapter  No.  8,  and  took  part  in  the  exaltation  of 
Foleer  at  an  extra"  meeting  on  Mav  2^,  1826.    After  the  ceremony  Gram  intro- 


€2 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


duced  himself  to  Folger  and  thus   formed  an  acquaintance  that  lasted  until 
the  latter  left  the  city,  in  1828. 

Robert  B.  Folger,  born  in  Hudson,  X.  Y..  in  1803,  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  allopathic  medicine  in  New  York  in  1824.  For  some  time  after  he  met 
Gram  he  ridiculed  the  new  method  of  small  doses,  but  in  August,  1826,  Gram, 
at  Folger's  request,  treated  successfully  several  cases  that  the  latter  had  deemed 
incurable.  He  then  became  interested  and  began  the  study  of  German  under 
Gram's  tuition,  reading  with  him  the  Organon  and  the  "  Materia  Medica  Pura." 
Folger  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1827,  but  having  no  confidence  in 
his  own  knowledge  of  the  system,  Gram  accompanied  him  when  he  visited  his 
patients.     In  1828,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  was  obliged  to  visit  the  south, 


M.   O.   Terry,   M.    D., 


L.CI1.  S.  N.  Y 


and  Gram  bade  him  goodbye  at  the  vessel  when  he  sailed.  During  this  time 
Folger  was  Gram's  only  student  and  assistant.  After  Folger  went  south  his 
connection  with  Gram  ceased  and  he  did  not  again  practice  medicine.  He  re- 
turned to  New  York  in  1835  and  gave  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits. 
During  the  first  week  of  their  acquaintance.  Gram  introduced  the  subject  of 
homoeopathy,  presented  him  with  his  pamphlet  and  with  a  manuscript  article 
on  the  pharmacodynamic  properties  of  drugs.  While  Folger  was  in  North 
Carolina  Gram  determined  to  go  there,  and  was  to  have  joined  him  in  Char- 
lotte in  1828.  but  reverses  in  business  on  Folger's  part  caused  the  project  to 
be  abandoned. 

In  November.  1827.  Gram  was  proposed  for  membership  in  the  INIedical 
and  Philosophical  Society  of  New  York,  and  was  elected  the  following  Feb- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  63 

ruary,  initiated  in  June,  1828,  and  at  the  general  meeting  the  next  month  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary.  In  July,  1830,  he  was  elected  president.  He 
had  taken  a  prominent  part  in  all  the  proceedings  of  the  society  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1829,  proposed  a  plan  of  correspondence  with  the  fellows,  soliciting  their 
co-operation  in  collecting  facts,  especially  respecting  diseases  and  remedies, 
whereby  much  knowledge  could  be  obtained,  erroneous  opinions  corrected, 
and  sound  doctrines  become  better  known  and  appreciated. 

In  September,  1826,  Folger  introduced  Gram  to  Ferdinand  Little  Wilsey, 
a  merchant,  who  also  was  a  prominent  mason  and  master  of  a  lodge,  in  order 
that  Gram  might  instruct  him  on  certain  important  masonic  points.  Mr.  Wil- 
sey was  born  in  57  Reade  street,  New  York,  June  23,  1797.  A  friendship  was 
at  once  established  between  the  successful  merchant  and  the  physician,  and 
the  former  often  entertained  Gram  at  his  house.  Wilsey  was  a  sufferer  from 
dyspepsia  and  his  own  physician,  Dr.  John  F.  Gray,  having  failed  to  relieve 
him,  he  was  induced  to  place  himself  in  his  friend's  care,  and  thus  became  the 
first  patient  who  was  treated  with  homoeopathic  remedies  in  the  United  States. 
The  success  of  the  treatment  was  such  that  Wilsey,  who  for  some  time  had 
inclined  toward  the  healing  art,  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Gram,  at 
the  same  time  attending  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
He  began  practice  in  private,  acquiring  the  title  of  doctor  and  quite  a  reputa- 
tion among  his  friends,  with  whom  his  medical  services  w-ere  entirely  gratui- 
tous. The  panic  of  1837  caused  him  to  give  up  mercantile  pursuits  and,  being 
somewhat  reduced  in  fortune,  his  friends  procured  for  him  a  situation  in  the 
custom  house,  which  he  accepted,  still  continuing  his  private  practice.  Dr. 
Wilsey  received  the  medical  degree  from  the  College  of  Physicians  in  1844. 
In  1845  lie  joined  a  company  for  mining  copper  in  Cuba,  and  sailed  for  that 
island  to  superintend  operations.  The  project  was  a  failure,  his  health  became 
poor,  and  returning  to  New  York,  he  at  once  opened  an  office  and  commenced 
for  the  first  time  the  public  practice  of  medicine.  His  efforts  were  successful 
and  he  amassed  a  considerable  fortune.  A  few  years  previous  to  his  death 
ill  health  caused  him  to  give  up  practice  and  remove  to  Bergen,  N.  J.,  where 
he  died  May  11,  i860.  He  was  devotedly  attached  to  Gram  and  remained  so 
during  his  life;  was  his  companion  in  his  last  illness,  and  the  last  at  his  final 
resting  place.  He  was  the  first  convert  to  the  doctrines  of  homoeopathy  in 
the  United  States,  and  also  the  first  American  who  made  any  pretension  to 
practice  the  same.  Wilsey  had  frequently  urged  his  old  family  physician.  Dr. 
John  Franklin  Gray,  to  be  introduced  to  Gram,  but  Gray  considered  him  a 
quack  and  refused  to  meet  him  until  in  1827,  when  in  Wilsey 's  store  they  be- 
came acquainted.  Gray  soon  became  interested  in  the  new  theory  of  cure 
and  permitted  himself  to  discuss  it  with  Gram.  It  was  with  reluctance,  how- 
ever, that  he  consented  to  Wilsey's  placing  himself  under  Gram's  treatment 
for  his  dyspepsia. 

Dr.  Grav  thus  told  the  story  of  Wilsey's  conversion  to  homceopathy :  "I 
had  treated  Wilsey  for  dvspepsia  for  a  long  time  with  such  poor  success  that 
at  his  request  I  consented  with  much  reluctance  and  almost  boorishly  to  place 
him.  under  Dr.  Gram's  care,  to  test  the  value  of  the  improved  practice,  lender 
his  treatment  the  patient  experienced  early  and  marked  benefits.  At  that  time 
I  ascribed  the  change  to  his  improved  diet.  But  as  I  could  not  answer  Gram's 
arguments  in  support  of  the  new  method,  and  as  my  training,  reading  and  ex- 
perience, which  had  been  unusually  extensive  for  so  young  a  man.  had  failed 
to  inspire  me  with  confidence  in  any  past  or  existing  plan  of  therapeutics.  I 


64  HISTORY  OF  HOMQiOPATHY 

was  soon  ready  to  put  the  method  of  Hahnemann  to  the  test  of  a  fair  and 
rigorous  observation.  Moreover,  Gram's  inimitable  modesty  in  debate,  and 
his  earnest  zeal  for  the  good  and  the  true  in  all  ways  and  directions,  and  his 
vast  culture  in  science  and  art,  in  history  and  philosophy,  greatly  surpassing 
in  these  respects  any  of  the  academic  or  medical  professors  I  had  known, 
very  much  shortened  mv  dialectic  opposition  to  the  new  system.  I  selected 
three  cases  for  the  trial,  the  first,  hemoptysis  in  a  scrofulous  girl,  complicated 
with  amenorrhoca;  the  second,  mania  puerperalis,  of  three  months'  standing; 
and  the  last,  anasarca  and  ascites  in  an  habitual  drunkard.  Following  Gram's 
instructions,  1  furnished  the  proper  registry  of  the  symptoms  in  each  case. 
He  ])atiently  and  faithfully  waded  through  the  six  volumes  of  Hahnemann's 
"Materia  Medica"  (luckily  we  had  no  manuals  then)  and  prescribed  a  single 
remedy  in  each  case.  The  first  and  third  cases  were  promptly  cured  by  a 
single  dose  of  the  remedy  prescribed,  and  the  conditions  as  to  diet  and  moral 
impressions  were  so  arranged  by  me  (Gram  did  not  see  either  of  the  patients) 
that,  greatly  to  my  surprise  and  joy,  very  little  room  was  left  for  a  doubt  as 
to  the  efficacy  of  the  specifics  applied.  The  case  of  mania  was  perhaps  the 
stronger  testimony  of  the  two.  The  patient  w^as  plated  under  the  rule  of  diet 
for  fourteen  days  previous  to  the  administration  of  the  remedy  chosen  by 
Gram.  Not  the  slightest  mitigation  of  the  maniacal  sufifering  occurred  in  that 
time.  At  the  time,  of  the  giving  of  the  remedy,  which  was  a  single  drop  of 
very  dilute  tincture  of  nux  vomica  in  a  drink  of  sweetened  water,  the  patient 
was  more  furious  than  usual,  tearing  her  clothing  ofT,  and  angrily  resisting  all 
attempts  to  soothe  her.  She  finally  recovered  her  reason  within  half  an  hour 
after  taking  the  nux  vomica  and  never  lost  it  afterward.  I  was  determined 
the  patient  should  not  have  the  advantage  of  imagination,  so  I  gave  her  a 
junk  bottle  full  of  molasses  and  water  during  the  fourteen  days  and  made  her 
take  a  tablespoonful  every  two  hours,  put  the  nux  vomica  in  molasses  and 
water,  so  that  she  did  not  know  that  we  had  made  any  change  of  remedies. 
The  husband  came  for  me  after  she  had  taken  the  nux  vomica  and  said  his 
wife  was  dying;  she  had  recovered  her  reason  and  begged  me  to  go  and  see 
her.  i  .saw  the  lady  and  she  thanked  me  for  her  restoration ;  she  was  perfect- 
ly well.  I  was  her  physician  for  a  number  of  years  afterward.  A  fourth  case 
was  soon  treated  with  success,  which  had  a  worse  prognosis,  if  possible,  than 
either  of  the  others.  It  w^as  one  of  traumatic  tetanus.  During  the  first  year 
of  my  accuiaintance  with  Gram  I  subjected  only  my  incurables  and  tiie  least 
promising  instance  of  the  curables  to  Dr.  Gram's  experiments ;  but  this  was 
simply  because  I  could  not  read  the  language  of  the  materia  medica,  and  it 
was  impossible  to  do  any  more  without  a  knowledge  of  the  German.  'During 
that  time  I  surmounted  this  difficulty  and  became  a  competent  prcscriber  and 
a  full  convert  to  homoeopathy." 

The  year  1839  witnessed  the  first  break  in  the  circle  of  faithful  enthusiasts 
who  had  dared  and  suffered  so  much  for  the  cause  of  homoeopathy.  Gram, 
who  had  been  the  guide,  the  teacher,  the  counsellor,  grave,  w^ise  and  afifec- 
tionate.  was  suddenly  stricken  with  apoplexy.  Gray  says :  "Gram  failed  in 
health  completely  just  as  the  new  period  began  to  dawn  upon  us.  Broken  in 
heart  by  tiie  misfortunes,  insanity  and  death  of  his  only  brother,  upon  whom 
he  had  lavished  all  the  estate  he  brought  with  him  from  Europe,  he  was  at- 
tacked with  apoplexy  in  May,  1830.  from  which  he  awoke  with  hemiplegia; 
after  many  months  of  suffering  he  passed  away  on  February  13.  1840.  Wilson 
and  I  tenderly  cared  for  him.  and  Curtis  watched  him  as  a  faithful  son  would 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOIWTHY 


65 


a  beloved  father.  He  was  an  earnest  Cliristian  of  the  Swedenboro^ian  faith, 
and  a  man  of  the  most  scrupulously  pure  and  charitable  life  I  have  ever  known. 
In  the  presence  of  want,  sorrow  and  disease,  secluded  from  all  observation  of 
the  world,  he  ministered  with  angelic  patience  and  with  divine  earnestness." 
Dr.  (iram  was  buried  in  St.  Mark's  burial  ground,  New  York,  but  on 
September  4,  1862,  his  old-time  friend  and  pupil.  Dr.  Gray,  removed  the  re- 
mains to  his  own  lot  in  Greenwood  cemetery.  ]n  the  October  number  of  the 
"American  Homoeopathic  Review"  is  a  long  article  by  Dr.  S.  B.  Barlow,  and 
another  by  Dr.  H.  \l.  Smith,  on  Gram.  Dr.  Barlow  writes:  "Hans  B.  Gram, 
M.  D.,  died  February  13,  1840,  aged  fifty-four  years.  So  reads  a  marble  tomb- 
stone erected  over  his  grave  in  St.  ^Mark's  burial  ground  between  Fleventh 
and  Twelfth   streets,  on  the  east  side  of  Second  avenue,  in  the  citv  of  Xew 


i 


John  F.  Gray,  :\I.   D. 

York.  On  the  fourth  day  of  September,  1862,  the  grave  of  Dr.  (Irani  was 
opened  and  the  remains  taken  up  for  removal  to  the  private  ground  of  Dr. 
John  F.  Gray  in  Greenwood  cemetery,  where  in  a  lovely  sjiot  his  remains  have 
reached  a  permanent  resting  place.  I  had  requested  to  be  present  at  the  ex- 
humation, which  request  was  readily  and  kindly  granted.  I  estimated  his 
height  to  have  been  five  feet  ten  inches.  Gram's  skull  was  of  medium  size, 
with  good  breadth  of  forehead  showing  that  he  had  possessed  a  great  amount 
of  volume  of  the  perceptive  and  reflective  faculties."  Dr.  Barlow  describes  at 
length  in  this  article  the  characteristics  of  Gram  from  the  iihrcnological  exam- 
ination of  his  skull  at  this  time,  thus:  "\'eneration.  conscientiousness,  benev- 
olence,  combativeness,   cautiousness,   firmness,   attachment    t(t    friends,   and   to 


€6  HISTORY  Oi'   HOMCEOPATHY 

Avhatever  was  good,  true,  just  and  humane,  were  all  characteristics  of  Gram 
and  the  active  operations  of  those  sentiments  could  not  but  render  their  pos- 
sessor a  pleasant  companion,  a  good  man,  a  kindly  physician,  the  central  lum- 
inary of  whatever  circle  he  was  placed  in,  not  assuming,  dictatorial  or  ar- 
rogant in  manner.  Whatever  feelings  of  superiority  he  may  have  felt  toward 
those  by  whom  he  was  surrounded,  he  could  not  but  endear  himself  strongly 
to  his  friends  and  pupils,  creating  ties,  the  severing  of  which  at  his  departure 
must  have  been  painful  indeed.  Hence  I  find  every  person  who  knew  him 
well  still  speaking  in  terms  of  the  most  endearing  tenderness  of  him  as  a  most 
estimable  friend.  Naturally  he  was,  doubtless,  a  brilliant,  cheerful  and  happy 
man;  but  opposition,  detraction  and  persecution  had  rendered  him  somewhat 
morose,  taciturn,  suspicious  and  distrustful — even  of  his  best  friends,  embit- 
tering the  evening  of  his  days,  producing  infirmities  which  brought  a  gloomy 
obscuration  over  his  faculties  and  sentiments  and  throwing  clouds  of  disap- 
pointment and  unhappiness  over  his  fastest  friends. 

"Future  generations  of  physicians  will  do  honor  to  the  memory  of  Hans 
B.  Gram.  The  plate  of  his  cofiin  bore  the  following  inscription,  portions  of 
wh^ch  were  difficult  to  decipher,  but  I  am  sure  it  was  all  finally  made  out  in 
perfection :  Hans  B.  Gram,  M.  D.,  a  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  John,  died 
Feb.  13,  1840,  aged  53  years."  (There  is  a  discrepancy  of  one  year  in  his  age 
as  given  upon  the  coffin  plate  and  that  inscribed  on  his  tombstone.) 

At  a  meetmg  on  Hahnemann's  birthday,  April  10,  1863,  the  meeting  at 
which  Gray  gave  his  address  on  "The  Early  Annals  of  Homceopathy  in  New 
York,"  after  the  banquet  there  were  various  toasts,  and  the  talk  turned  on  the 
early  times  of  homoeopathy  in  New  Y'ork  city.  Dr.  Barlow  w^as  asked  to  give 
his  opinion  of  the  character  of  Gram,  and  he  said :  "  The  impressions  I 
received  from  viewing  the  craniology  of  Dr.  Gram  were,  first,  the  massiveness 
of  his  mind  or  brain,  of  his  ability  to  grapple  with  whatever  subject  he  under- 
took. Secondly,  I  was  impressed  with  the  idea  of  his  courage.  I  do  not 
mean  brute  courage,  exactly,  but  courage  for  all  good  purposes,  courage  for 
anything  except  for  evil.  A  man  whose  skull  gave  me  the  impression  of  a 
man  who  knew  no  fear  except  the  fear  of  doing  evil,  doing  wrong.  I  was 
impressed  with  his  ability  for  general  scholarship.  His  organ  of  languages 
was  very  good,  his  head  could  be  called  well  balanced." 

This  story  is  told  by  Dr.  Mofifatt  of  New  York,  illustrating  the  fearless- 
ness of  Gram :  "I  heard  it  from  his  own  lips.  When  he  lived  in  Copenhagen 
and  was  a  physician  or  surgeon  in  the  National  Military  and  Naval  Hospital,  a 
menagerie  of  wild  beasts  was  there  exhibited,  among  the  animals  being  a  full 
grown  lion.  The  keeper. entered  the  cage  of  the  lion,  intoxicated,  which  enraged 
the  lion  and  he  attacked  the  man  and  escaped  from  the  cage.  Gram  was  talking 
with  a  friend,  and  picking  a  nut  with  a  nut-picker,  when  there  was  a  sudden 
cry  and  the  people  ran  out  shrieking.  Looking,  he  saw  that  the  lion  had 
escaped.  Everybody  fled  but  himself  and  he  stood  in  a  defiant  attitude,  front- 
ing the  beast,  which  came  so  close  that  he  felt  the  heat  of  his  breath,  and 
Gram's  purpose  at  the  time  was  to  plunge  his  hand  with  the  instrument  into 
the  beast's  mouth  as  the  only  means  of  staving  the  destruction  that  would  fol- 
low should  he  attempt  to  escape  with  tliose  behind  him.  As  the  creature 
crouched  to  spring,  he  felt  his  hot  breath.  While  he  stood  fronting  him  in 
that  attitude  the  attendants  came  with  rods  and  cords  and  secured  him.  When 
it  was  over  Gram  fainted.     He  did  not  get  over  the  efifect  for  six  months." 

The  only  portrait  of  Dr.  Gram  in  existence  is  a  pencil  sketch  bv  Dr.  Cur- 


lii 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  07 

tis,  which  Vv^as  lithographed  and  pubUshed  in  the  "United  States  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal"  for  July,  1867,  and  is  that  from  which  is  produced  the  por- 
trait in  this  work.  Gray  said  the  original  was  wonderfully  accurate.  At  the 
1863  meeting  Gray  mentioned  that  a  cast  was  taken  of  Gram's  head,  but  did 
not  know  if  it  was  then  in  existence.  At  the  meeting  Gray,  Wilson  and  Ball 
Avere  appointed  a  committee  to  arrange  for  erecting  a  monument  over  the 
grave  in  Greenwood,  but  nothing  seems  to  have  been  done  at  that  time.  In 
1869  the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  inaugurated  a  move- 
ment to  invite  dollar  subscriptions  for  a  monument  to  Gram.  At  a  meeting 
held  September  14,  1869,  at  Cooper  Institute,  the  following  committee  was 
appointed :  Drs.  John  F.  Gray,  L.  Hallock,  S.  B.  Barlow,  B.  F,  Bowers,  Car- 
roll Dunham,  H.  D.  Paine,  of  New  York ;  R.  C.  Moffatt,  of  Brooklyn ;  I.  T. 
Talbot,  of  Boston ;  Walter  W^illiamson,  of  Philadelphia ;  G.  E.  Shipman,  of 
Chicago,  and  Wm.  H.  Holcombe,  of  New  Orleans.  Circulars  were  issued  and 
some  subscriptions  were  raised,  but  the  matter  was  allowed  to  drop. 

Dr.  Gray's  open  adoption  and  profession  of  homoeopathy  dated  from  1828. 
He  was  born  in  Sherburne,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  September  24,  1804, 
and  was  the  fourth  of  five  sons  of  John  Gray,  first  judge  of  Chenango  county. 
W^hen  sixteen  ■  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Jamestown,  Chautauqua 
■county.  Thrown  on  his  own  resources,  he  devoted  himself  to  obtaining  an 
education  and  a  profession.  After  working  for  a  time  at  a  mechanical  employ- 
ment as  a  means  of  supporting  himself,  he  obtained  a  situation  as  assistant 
and  student  with  Peter  B.  Havens  of  Hamilton,  Madison  county,  where  there 
was  an  academy,  and  where  he  gave  his  services  for  his.  board  and  the  oppor- 
tunity for  study  and  instruction.  After  two  years  he  found  a  position  as  teach- 
er in  a  neighboring  district  school.  With  money  thus  earned  he  was  able  to 
visit  his  home,  and  the  journey  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles  he  accomplished 
on  foot.  While  teaching  and  studying  he  fitted  himself  for  a  medical  school. 
He  was  for  a  time  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  Ezra  Williams  of  Dunkirk.  He 
-went  to  New  York  in  1824,  provided  w-ith  letters  to  members  of  the  college 
faculty.  One  from  Governor  Clinton  to  Dr.  Hosack  brought  him  to  the  favor- 
able notice  of  that  leading  physician,  who  soon  became  attached  to  him,  ad- 
mitting him  to  his  private  classes  and  otherwise  aiding  him.  In  1825  he  passed 
an  examination  for  a  license  before  the  county  medical  society  with  a  view  of. 
taking  the  position  of  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy,  but  which,  by  the  advice 
of  friends,  he  declined.  He  received  his  medical  degree  from  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1826. 

Dr.  Hosack  through  his  own  influence  and  that  of  DeWitt  Clinton  and 
Thomas  Eddy,  two  of  the  governors,  secured  for  Gray  a  position  in  the  New 
York  Hospital  as  assistant  physician.  His  appointment  had  been  opposed  by 
many  who  were  unfriendly  to  Hosack,  and  was  coupled  with  the  condition  that 
"he  should  undergo  examination  by  the  men  who  opposed  him.  Dr.  Watts, 
•who  had  been  a  strong  opponent,  became  as  earnest  a  friend,  and  advised  him 
to  open  an  office  in  the  more  thinly  settled  but  rapidly  growing  parts  of  the 
city.  He  had  now  formed  an  attachment  with  the  lady  who  afterward  became 
"his  wife,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Amos  G.  Hull,  a  well  known  surgeon  of  New 
York,  and  father  of  Dr.  A.  Gerald  Hull.  He  opened  an  office  in  Charlton 
street  and  soon  gained  considerable  practice.  At  this  time  he  was  regarded 
by  his  professional  brethren  as  a  young  man  of  unusual  promise  and  ability. 
And  now,  with  everything  favorable  to  liim  in  a  professional  way,  because  of 
lionest  conviction  he  became  a  devoted  adherent  to  the  medical  system  which 


68  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHV 

\\hcn  spoken  of  ai  all.  was  considered  as  the  latest  medical  absurdity,  not 
worthy  of  serious  attention.  With  his  full  adoption  of  homoeopathy  in  1828, 
the  immediate  effect  was  to  alienate  his  patrons  and  diminish  the  number  of 
his  families.  Even  those  who  had  been  cured,  without  knowing  it  was  with 
homoeopathic  medicines,  declmed  longer  to  trust  themselves  in  his  hands.  His 
carriage  which  for  some  time  had  been  a  necessity  was  given  up  as  a  useless 
extravagance. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  New 
York  on  April  10,  1863,  to  celebrate  the  birthday  of  Hahnemann,  Dr.  Gray, 
the  president,  addressed  the  society  on  "The  Early  Annals  of  Homoeopathy  in 
New  York."  Several  toasts  were  given  and  the  talk,  turning  to  the  trials  of  the 
pioneers  of  homoeopathy,  the  following  remarks  were  made,  and  are  here 
quoted  to  ^how  something  of  the  trials  which  beset  the  pathw^ay  of  the  early 
homoeopathic  practitioners : 

Dr.  Phineas  F.  Wells  said  :  "The  gentleman  said  he  wished  he  had  known 
the  happiness  of  witnessing  the  birth  of  homoeopathy  in  this  country.  I  wish 
to  say  to  him  that  there  are  but  three  gentlemen  in  this  room  who  knew  the 
facts  personally.  In  those  days  when  it  was  known  that  a  physician  had 
adopted  this  view  his  friends  forsook  him  like  a  leper,  and  he  became  the  ob- 
ject of  scorn  and  calumny.  Xow  it  is  all  changed.  You  will  never  forget 
it,  sir  (turning  to  Dr.  Gray)  and  I  shall  never  forget  wdiat  we  have  suffered. 
You  never  can  have  any  conception  of  it.  So  much  the  better  because  you 
liave  not  the  load  to  carry  which  your  predecessors  bore.  You  have  only  to 
take  up  the  great  work  freed  from  shackles,  from  obloquy,  and  to  carry  it  to 
perfection  in  these  times  which  God  has  made  your  happv  days." 

Dr.  Smith  said:  'T  would  rather  be  Dr.  Gray  having  passed  through 
this  than  any  other  man  in  the  United  States.  The  w-arrior  has  no  happiness 
when  at  the  cannon's  mouth,  or  when  he  is  pierced  by  a  bullet,  but  his  happi- 
ness comes  when  he  has  achieved  the  victory  in  fighting  for  his  suffering 
country.  So  in  the  light  of  present  enjoyment  I  would  be  willing  to  s;o 
through  with  that  bitter  experience  for  the  sake  of  the  pleasure  and  satisfac- 
tion and  the  unmistakable  intelligence  that  writes  itself  on  the  front  part  of 
the  brain  in  letters  in  fire — in  letters  of  fire — to  remain  while  life  lasts,  as 
though  they  were  written  u])on  the  blue  arch  of  heaven  with  pencil  of  living- 
light." 

Dr.  Gray  said:  "What  Dr.  Wells  says  is  more  true  than  I  like  to  recall. 
I  went  through  eight  years  of  persecution  before  the  second  epoch  began.  I 
had  many  friends  init  none  nearer  than  Dr.  Hering.  a  magnanimous  man,  full 
of  sense  and  learning.  He  has  been  very  kind  to  me.  In  an  interview  with 
my  old  preceptor  he  said  to  me:  T  had  some  hopes  of  you.  I  expected  you 
to  be  one  of  those  who  would  hold  high  the  standard  that  I  left.  Xow  I 
give  you  up.  You  have  taken  up  with  that  crazy  Gram  and  that  contemptible 
medical  nonsense  of  Hahnemann,  and  I  excommunicate  you.'  And  he  spoke 
with  great  feeling.  Then  my  own  father  in  medicine  and  most  intimate  friend 
at  college  (probably  Hosack  )  and  in  the  profession,  cut  me  in  the  street  as 
though  I  had  been  a  horse  thief  or  some  horrible  outcast.  It  stuck  to  me  like 
thistles  and  thorns,  everywhere.  Mv  mind  is  sensitive.  But  better  it  is 
that  a  man  should  be  so  persecuted  if  it  bring  him  forward  in  the  great  path 
of  hun:an  progress;  his  soul  will  blossom  unless  tainted  with  vice,  and  he  will 
gain  all  the  more  power,  all  the  more  magnanimity  toward  those  who  differ 
from   him.     .\s  brother  Wells   so   feelingly   suggested,   though  on   account  of 


HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY 


69 


some  sensitiveness  of  organization  I  have  not  had  the  very  greatest  pleasure 
of  that  sort,  yet  now  I  look  back  with  unmixed  delight  to  the  hour  when  the 
world  was  turned  against  me  both  in  my  profession  and  friehdships.  God 
bless  those  days !  God  bless  the  man  who  led  me,  and  the  men-  who  were 
with  me !  There  were  some,  however,  although  they  did  not  accept  homoe- 
opathy, whose  faces  never  changed  toward  me.  Some  who  went  through  the 
college  course  with  me,  notwithstanding  our  difference  of  opinion,  have  nev- 
er changed.  Never  has  the  cord  of  friendship  that  bound  us  together  as  bovs, 
nearly  forty  years  ago,  suffered  the  slightest  break.  And  there  are  other  con- 
solations. So  that  the  man  who  will  preserve  his  justice  of  character,  his 
truth,  and  his  devotion  to  what  is  right,  as  I  have  endeavored  to  do.  will  al- 
ways have   friends,  even  under  the  most  oppressive  and   depressing  circum- 


stances. But  the  best  friend  after  all  lies  in  the  depths  of  the  soul.  Whoso- 
ever communes  with  truth  within  him.  whosoever  sacrifices  for  truth  within, 
shall  be  paid,  as  the  Man  of  Nazareth  said,  in  this  life  an  hundred  fokl,  and 
infinitely  more  in  that  which  is  to  come."  But  Dr.  Gray  outlived  his  ostracism 
and  for  many  years  upheld  the  new  law  of  cure,  and  it  was  his  pleasure  to 
see  homoeopathy  become  popular  and  powerful  as  a  medical  system. 

In  1829  Gram  and  Gray  were  alone  in  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in 
New  York  city.  Grav  devoted  himself  to  learning  German  and  soon  was  able 
to  read  Hahnemann's  work  in  the  original.  He  also  mastered  French,  but 
from  1830  to  1838  he  was  poor  and  had  a  struggle  to  support  his  family.  In 
1835  his  father-in-law.  Dr.   Hull,  who  had  Ixx-n   in   the  truss  business,  died, 


70  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

leaving  him  executor.  In  attending  to  the  estate  much  of  his  time  was  taken- 
up,  and  from  1835  to  1838  he  had  an  office  in  Vesey  street,  under  the  Astor 
house,  where  he  could  attend  both  to  his  profession  and  to  his  duties  as  exe- 
cutor. In  h'ls  later  years  he  was  very  fond  of  reading  philosophical  and  med- 
ical writings  m  Latin.  In  1871  he  received  an  honorary  degree  from  Hamilton 
College. 

it  is  said  of  Gray  that  he  received  pupils  without  fee,  and  that  he  always 
was  ready  to  aid  poor  students  of  medicine.  He  died  at  the  Fifth  avenue 
hotel  in  New  York,  June  5,  1882,  after  an  illness  of  three  weeks.  Gray  was 
one  of  the  first  physicians  who  advocated  a  more  extended  and  thorough  sys- 
tem of  medical  education,  and  that  the  state  should  grant  the  license  to  prac- 
tice. At  a  discussion  in  1832  before  the  Philosophical  Society  he  offered  a 
resolution  that  but  one  medical  school  should  exist  in  a  state ;  that  rival  schools" 
ought  not  to  be  approved ;  that  every  physician  in  the  state  should  be  a  teacher 
in  such  school,  and  that  there  should  be  one  board  in  each  state  that  should 
have  the  sole  power  of  recommending  candidates  for  license  or  degree.  In 
November.  1832,  he  delivered  a  lecture  on  the  policy  of  chartering  medical 
colleges,  the  same  being  introductory  to  the  course  on  theory  and  practice  in 
the  New  York  School  of  Medicine. 

The  next  to  join  the  homoeopathic  ranks  was  Dr.  Abraham  Duryea  Wil- 
son. Gray  and  Wilson  had  been  medical  friends.  In  fact  the  coterie  of  bril- 
liant young  physicians,  students  and  associates  of  Hosack,  who  one  by  one 
accepted  the  truth  of  homoeopathy,  were  intimates,  members  of  the  Philosophi- 
cal Society,  and  it  can  readily  be  understood  how  they  became  acquainted  with 
Gram.  Wilson,  who  had  been  in  practice  in  New  York  since  his  graduation 
in  1822,  was  introduced  to  Gram  by  Gray.  At  first  Wilson  was  incredulous, 
deeming,  like  his  brethren,  the  new  doctrine  simply  humbug,  but  the  argu- 
/  ments  of  Gram  and  the  surprising  cures  accomplished  induced  Wilson  to  make 
further  experiments.  These  tests  resulted  in  his  conviction  of  the  truth  of  the 
homoeopathic  law,  and  in  1829  he  publicly  adopted  that  method  in  his  practice. 

Dr.  Wilson  was  born  in  Columbia  College.  New  York  citv,  September 
20,  1801.  His  father,  Peter  Wilson,  was  professor  of  languages  and  Greek 
and  Roman  literature  in  that  institution.  He  was  educated  in  the  college, 
graduating  in  1818,  when  but  seventeen  years  of  age;  but  he  did  not  receive 
his  diploma  until  of  legal  age,  in  1822.  A.fter  graduation  he  at  once  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  Drs.  Hosack  and  Francis,  receiving  the 
degree  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  182 1.  He  at  "once 
settled  in  practice,  locating  on  Walker  street.  New  York  city.  In  1824  he 
married  Eliza  Holmes.  He  died  of  pulmonary  apoplexy,  January  20,  1864; 
aged  sixty-three  years. 

On  Hahnemann's  birthday  anniversary,  April  10.  1865.  Dr.  Gray  deliv- 
ered a  eulogy  on  the  life  of  the  founder,  and  spoke  of  the  period  of  Wilson's 
'adoption  of  homreopathv  as  follows:  "\\'ilson  was  alreadv  a  conspicuous 
practitioner  of  medicine  wlien  he  adopted  homoeopathv.  This  change  took 
place  in  1829.  the  eighth  year  after  his  graduation  from' the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  and  the  twelfth  after  receiving  his  baccalaureate  in  Co- 
lumbia College.  His  social  status  and  professional  standing  were  such  as  to 
make  a  strong  sensation  respecting  the  new  practice  in  a  wide  circle  of  the 
community  at  the  time.  His  father,  an  eminent  Scottish  scholar,  was  profes- 
sor of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages  at  the  time  of  his  son's  birth,  and  for 
many   years   after.      His   brother,   the   late    George    Wilson,    an    accomplished 


HlS'l'ORV  OF  HOMCFaOPATIIY*  71 

counsellor  at  law  in  the  city,  who  w^as  twenty  years  his  senior,  and  therefore 
able  to  aid  him  socially,  took  unwearied  pains  in  his  behalf.  Moreover,  this 
l)rother,  as  Wilson  told  me,  earnestly  interested  himself  after  the  venerable 
father's  departure,  in  his  culture  in  ancient  and  modern  literature  and  phi- 
losophy. Whatsoever  the  elder  brother  coidd  accomplish  for  him  in  society 
md  in  aid  of  his  professional  career  was  certainly  effected  with  gratifying 
-access.  Dr.  Wilson  had  also  the  great  advantages  in  that  day  resulting  from 
the  personal  friendship  and  patronage  of  his  illustrious  preceptor  in  medicine, 
the  late  Dr.  David  Hosack,  in  whose  private  classes  he  was  a  diligent  pupil. 
Hosack  had  received  classical  traiining  from  Wilson's  father,  to  whose  mem- 
ory he  was  gratefully  attached ;  and  thus  it  can  be  imagined  how  readilv  this 
\oung  man's  studious  qualities  were  appreciated  and  his  aspirations  in  the 
outset  of  life  fostered  by  his  powerful  preceptor.  And  that  Wilson  was  a 
keen  and  prompt  student  under  Hosack,  accepting  and  using  all  the  advantages 
afforded  by  his  great  master's  private  and  public  lectures  and  by  the  great 
clinique  of  the  New  York  hospital  in  which  Hosack  took  the  leading  position, 
was  abundantly  demonstrated  by  him  when,  in  the  capacity  of  a  censor  in  the 
county  medical  society,  he  officiated  as  examiner  of  candidates  for  the  diploma 
of  that  body.  Wilson  made  the  acquaintance  of  Gram  and  myself  and  encoun- 
tered the  great  new  problem  of  his  life  work,  homoeopathy.  After  a  patient 
study  of  its  principles  and  a  protracted  trial  of  its  art-maxims  at  the  bedside, 
during  all  of  which  study  and  trial  he  refrained  from  expressing  a  judgment, 
he  decided  the  question  firmly  and  fully  for  himself  and  for  all  his  future  pa- 
tients, in  the  afffrmative ;  and  thenceforward  he  openly  avowed  his  adherence 
to  the  doctrine  and  discipline  of  Hahnemann.  Wilson  came  into  our  circle 
with  all  his  stores  of  sound  culture  and  with  all  his  indomitable  courage  in 
defence  of  the  right  and  true.  I  have  said  that  the  avowal  of  his  change  of 
practice  ensued  upon  a  very  mature  and  thorough  examination  of  the  ques- 
tions involved  in  the  change ;  and  I  may  add  that  this  was  his  method  in  all 
other  philosophical  and  administrative  problems.  His  powers  of  analysis 
were  never  embarrassed  by  the  perturbations  of  his  emotional  nature.  Though 
generous,  even  to  a  decided  fault  on  some  occasions,  and  full  of  sympathy  at 
all  times  and  in  every  fibre  of  his  being,  yet  he  could  at  all  times  set  his  reason 
to  work  in  the  precision  and  cool  steadiness  of  mathematical  logic ;  and  thus 
it  was  his  v;ant  so  to  apply  his  happily  dormant  rational  power  to  the  largest 
questions  of  faith  and  of  practice  in  ethics  and  theosophy,  as  well  as  in  ours 
of  medicine.  His  characteristic  lay  in  this  rare  peculiarity  of  constitution,  one 
which  belonged  to  the  old  time  philosophers,  that  he  could  apply  his  conscious- 
Iv  rational  test  processes  over  all  the  lines  sketched  by  his  intuitions ;  and  his 
merit  as  a  man  consisted  in  the  ever  rare  quality  that  he  openly  avowed  and 
sustained  whatsoever  he  found  to  be  true  by  this  his  double  process  of  inves- 
tigation, pocolepsis,  and  demonstration.  Wilson  took  this  great  step,  homoe- 
opathy, with  a  deliberation  and  courage  consonant  with  his  training  in  letters 
and  science  and  with  his  constitution  as  a  man.  He  was  no  adventurer  in 
the  community,  with  nothing  to  lose  by  the  change,  and  perhaps  a  gain  to 
make  bv  heralding  a  novelty  in  medicine.  Nor  was  he  bv  any  view  of  his 
constitution,  an  eager  innovator,  a  reformer  of  popular  mistakes;  but  rather 
from  his  harmonic  tendencies  (he  loved  music)  and  his  cordial,  social  rapport 
with  all  pood  meaning  people  of  his  place  and  time,  he  was  a  conservative; 
was  indulgent  to  harmless  errors  and  indisposed  to  violent  uiinxitings.     Xev- 


72  HISTORY  OF  HOAICKOPATHY 

erthcless  he  went  with  his  conviction  of  truth  whensoever  these   were  fully 
ripe  in  his  soul. 

"Bitter  were  the  i)ano;s  and  sore  the  costs  of  this  bold  change  for  the 
accomplished  and  successful  young  Wilson.  In  less  than  two  years  after  the 
adoption  of  the  new  method,  that  is  to  say  in  1831,  when  the  birth  of  the  last 
of  his  children  had  rendered  the  demands  of  family  support  strongest  upon 
him.  his  change  had  deprived  him  of  all  his  family  ])ractice  save  one ;  of  that 
goodK  broad  basis  founded  by  his  familiar  associates  among  the  Masons  in 
the  Dutch  church,  of  which  he  was  a  cherished  member,  and  from  among  his 
familv  adherents,  including  those  of  his  brother,  the  Counsellor  Wilson,  only 
one  stood  by  him.  Mr.  Thomas  Dugan,  sexton  of  St.  George,  who  happened 
to  be  the  mutual  friend  of  Wilson  and  myself." 

Wilson  did  not  study  German,  therefore  could  not  determine  the  remedy 
for  himself,  and  as  he  was  ever"  anxious  to  do  his  utmost  for  his  patients,  he 
was  in  the  habit  of  taking  them  to  Gram  for  advice ;  and  Wilson  and  Channing 
held  daily  consultations  with  Gram.  But  long  before  his  professional  reputa- 
tion was  re-established.  Wilson's  careful  methods  and  cures  greatly  advanced 
the  system  in  the  community. 

The  next  in  order  to  be  mentioned  is  Amos  Gerald  Hull,  who  was  the 
first  native  American  to  take  up  the  study  of  medicine  as  a  student  of  homoe- 
opathy. He  was  born  in  New  Hartford,  New  York,  in  1810,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Union  College,  Schenectady.  Dr.  John  F.  Gray  writes :  "Mr.  Hull 
took  his  degree  in  the  arts  at  Union  College,  v.dth  distinguished  rank,  in  1828. 
He  remained  there  some  months  pursuing  a  post-graduate  course  of  studies 
in  chemistry  and  anatomy  under  our  late  and  justly  revered  colleague,  Dr. 
Joslin,  at  tiiat  time  and  for  many  years  after  a  professor  at  Union.  Dr.  Joslin 
and  I  had  studied  medicine  together,  graduating  in  the  same  class,  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  I  suggested  the  course  taken  by  Hull, 
well  knowing  the  unusual  advantages  he  could  reap  from  Joslin's  exact  and 
full  attainments  in  the  natural  sciences.  On  his  coming  to  the  city  Hull  en- 
tered Rutger's  Medical  College.  Hosack,  Mott,  ]\Iacneven,  Francis  and  the 
great  Irish  surgeon,  Bushe,  were  the  professors.  With  Francis  and  Bushe  he 
also  studied  in  extra  college  courses  of  lectures  as  a  private  ]:)upil.  But  best 
of  all  the  assistance  he  enjoyed,  in  my  estimation,  was  the  daily  guidance  and 
conversation  of  the  good  pioneer  Gram.  In  the  summer  time  Gram  taught 
him  botany,  master  and  pupil  making  frequent  foot  excursions  for  the  pur- 
pose, in  the  neighborhood  of  the  city,  analyzing  the  wayside  and  wood  flow- 
ers as  they  wandered  through  the  rich  floral  regions  of  our  coast.  Wilson 
and  1  sometimes  joined  this  party,  and  also  made  some  advances  in  botany 
under  Gram.  In  the  winter  evenings  Gram  reviewed  descriptive  anatomy 
with  Hull,  in  a  methodic  course  of  dictation  in  the  Latin  language,  which  the 
pupil  was  required  to  record  in  writing  as  it  fell  from  the  master's  lips;  a 
task  proliably  no  public  teacher  in  any  of  our  American  colleges  could  have 
executed,  and  I  am  quite  sure  no  other  pupil  could  have  performed  his  share 
of  the  exercise  better  than  did  young  Hull.  *  *  *  In  all  Hull  spent  four 
years  in  professional  studies,  after  his  full  terms  and  graduation  at  Ihiion,  in 
this  way." 

The  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  New  York  had  just  established  a- 
public  and  recorded  examination  of  all  applicants  for  a  license  to  practice,  and 
Dr.  Hull  was  the  first  to  undergo  the  ordeal.  He  graduated  in  medicine  in 
1832  and  commenced  jiractice  in   1833.     After  practicing  for  some  vears  he 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  73 

removed  to  Newburgh.  remaining-  a  few  years,  but  returned  to  New  York, 
where  he  practiced  until  his  death.  He  joined  the  Medical  and  Philosophical 
Society  in  1828,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  County  Medical  Soci- 
(ty  and  a  censor  in  1835.  At  the  time  he  joined  membership  was  obligatory 
upon  every  physician  by  the  law  of  the  state.  Hull  visited  Hahnemann  iii 
Taris  in  1836-37.  of  which  visit  he  wrote  a  very  interesting  account  for  the 
Homceopat'.iic  Examiner"  in  1 841,  and  which  was  also  published  as  a  pam- 
phlet.    He  died  in  New  York,  x-\pril  25,  1859.  aged  forty-nine  years. 

Gray  had  married  Hull's  sister,  and  the  brothers-in-law  went  into  practice 
together.  In  1835  they  were  joint  editors  of  the  "American  Journal  of  Homoe- 
opathia,"  and  in  1840  of  the  "Homreopathic  Examiner."  Hull  edited  an  edi- 
tion of  Everest's  "Popular  Mew  of  Homoeopathy."  originally  published  in 
England,  and  several  editions  of  Laurie's  "Domestic  Practice."  He  also  edited 
several  editions  of  Jahr's  "iManual  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine,"  and  was  co- 
editor  of  the  translation  of  that  great  symptomatology,  Jahr's  "Symptomen 
Codex." 

Gray  places  Hull  after  Wilson  in  the  order  of  precedence,  probablv  be- 
cause the  latter  was  a  student  as  early  as  1828.  but  the  man  who  entered  into 
homoeopathic  practice  next  after  Wilson  was  Daniel  Edward  Stearns.  He 
was  born  in  1801  at  Hinesburgh,  Vermont,  where  he  received  his  early  edu- 
cation. His  medical  studies  were  with  Dr.  David  Deming.  He  attended  the 
University  of  Vermont,  at  Burlington,  where  he  graduated  in  1828.  Dr. 
Stearns,  like  many  of  the  students  of  his  day,  was  oblig'ed  to  gain  an  educa- 
tion under  difficulties.  With  little  money  and  ]K)orly  clad  he  earned  b}-  teach- 
ing in  the  winter  and  by  working  in  the  summer  the  means  to  enable  him  to 
attend  the  two  courses  of  medical  lectures  then  required  by  law.  In  the  fall 
of  1826,  while  attending  his  first  course  of  lectures  at  Burlington,  he  was 
oflfered  a  situation  in  a  drug  store  in  New  York  city.  This  he  declined,  but 
being  ofifered  the  same  place  in  1827,  and  as  he  had  attended  his  full  course 
of  lectures,  he  accepted  and  went  to  New  York.  He  remained  in  this  posi- 
tion until  September,  1828,  when  he  returned  to  \'ermont  to  receive  his  diplo- 
ma. Undecided  what  next  to  do,  he  received  from  New  York  a  letter  advising 
him  not  to  allow  the  want  of  money  to  hinder  his  return  to  the  city.  If  he 
should  pay  for  his  diploma,  his  funds  would  be  exhausted.  If  he  returned 
to  New  York  he  could  not  take  with  him  the  coveted  evidence  of  graduation. 
The  means  were  provided,  however,  and  he  returned  to  New  York.  In  a 
letter  written  in  1870,  Stearns  himself  said:  "I  came  into  the  city  in  the  fall 
of  1827.  I  had  attended  my  two  courses  of  lectures  at  our  University  of  Ver- 
mont at  Burlington  and  read  my  three  years  as  the  law  required.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1828,  I  left  for  Vermont,  then  and  there  received  my  diploma;  returned 
the  same  fall  to  New  York  city,  had  an  introduction  to  John  F.  Gray,  M.  D.. 
spent  a  part  of  the  winter  in  his  office,  and  at  that  time  became  accpiainted 
with  H.  B.  Gram,  M.  D.,  and  A.  D.  Wilson,  M.  D.,  Dr.  Channing  and  Dr. 
Joseph  T.  Curtis,  who  then  was  a  student  of  Dr.  Gram.  And  now  I  say  these 
were,  with  myself,  the  only  gentlemen  who  had  the  boldness  and  courage  to 
rally  in  the  ranks  of  homoeopathy."  In  the  winter  of  1827  Stearns  attended 
lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  visited  the  hospital. 

Thus,  in  company  with  these  enthusiasts.  Gray  and  Gram  and  A\'il.son, 
Stearns  soon  became  convinced  of  the  truth  and  certainty  of  the  homoeopathic 
law  of  healing.  In  the  spring  of  1821;  he  commencetl  the  jiractice  of  lionnc- 
opathy  in  New  York,  continuing  there  until  in  1852  or  1853,  when  he  removed 


74  HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY 

to  Tremont  station,  Westchester  county,  a  suburb  of  New  York.  For  two 
\  ears  he  practiced  in  the  city,  but  the  increase  of  his  Tremont  practice  obhged 
him  to  devote  to  it  all  his  time.  In  1856  by  accident  he  became  disabled  for 
active  practice.     In  1872  he  was  still  living  at  Tremont. 

A  notable  convert  to  the  teachings  of  Gram,  was  William  Channing,  of 
whom  Gray  writes :  "Dr.  William  Channing  was  a  man  of  large  culture  in 
letters  and  very  thoroughly  educated  in  medicine.  He  was  in  the  mid-prime 
of  life  at  the  time  of  his  conversion  to  homoeopathy,  which  occurred  in  1832, 
during  the  first  appearance  of  the  Asiatic  cholera  in  this  country.  He  had 
joined  Gram's  party  in  the  County  Medical  Society  for  the  establishment  of 
the  public  and  recorded  examination  of  candidates,  and  having  been  elected 
in  that  body  to  the  office  of  censor,  with  Gram  and  Wilson  for  colleagues,  he 
was  frequently  in  our  little  circle,  and  often,  of  course,  the  new  practice  was 
discussed  with  him." 

Thus  Channing  became  familiar  with  the  doctrines  of  homceopathy,  in- 
terested in  them,  and  was  liberal  enough  to  be  willing  to  test  their  truth. 
When  in  1832  the  cholera  appeared  in  New  York,  be  tendered  his  services  to 
the  hospitals.  This  gave  him  a  chance  to  make  a  test  of  the  new  system, 
and  as  Hahnemann  had  just  published  his  advice  about  the  use  of  camphor, 
veratrum  and  cuprum  in  cholera,  Channing  made  a  public  triaj  of  these  rem- 
edies on  the  victims.  So  great  was  his  success  that  he  published  the  results 
over  liis  own  signature  in  the  "Commercial  Advertiser,"  and  soon  after  de- 
clared himself  to  be  a  believer  in  homoeopathy.  Channing  was  a  brilliant  man, 
of  large  culture  in  letters,  and  thoroughly  educated  in  medicine.  Gray  says 
"Channing's  was  an  eminently  logical  mind,  attending  with  full  earnestness  to 
all  topics  of  a  philosophical  character  till  he  arrived  at  definite  conclusions,  and 
when  he  reached  these  he  was  firm  and  decided  in  their  maintenance.  He  was 
not  of  the  skeptical  class  on  any  subject.  *  *  *  With  Channing's  conver- 
sion came  the  first  divergence  of  practice  among  the  homoeopaths  in  this  coun- 
try. He  was  a  thorough  Hahnemannian  in  all  his  views  and  practice,  which 
neither  of  his  predecessors  were.  Gram,  W^ilson  and  myself  held  from  first 
to  last  that  these  expedients  of  the  old  practice  which  had  attained  such  a 
solid  basis  of  empirical  certainty  as  to  good  results  in  given  and  well  defined 
cases  of  disease,  ought  not  to  be  laid  aside.  When  Gram  arrived,  the  founder 
of  the  school  had  not  adopted  the  later  practice  of  attenuating  the  remedies, 
and  our  method  was,  in  1833,  to  administer  doses  equivalent  to  the  first  and 
second  centesimal  dilutions.  Channing  went  up  promptly  with  Hahnemann  in 
his  doses,  fully  believing  in  the  potentizing  process  and  faith  of  the  master, 
and  even  after  the  death  of  Hahnemann,  going  out  of  the  very  roof  of  all 
scientific  observation  with  the  enthusiastic  Jenichen  of  Hanover."  In  1838 
Channing  delivered  an  essay  on  the  "Reformation  of  iMcdical  Science  De- 
manded by  Inductive  Philosophy  "  before  the  New  York  Physician's  Society. 
The  society  published  it,  and  a  second  edition  was  published  by  the  homoe- 
opaths in  1851. 

W^illiam  Qianning  was  born  in  Massachusetts  about  t8oo.  His  father 
was  a  Congregational  minister.  He  was  educated  at  Phillip's  Academy,  at 
Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  and  graduated  in  medicine  at  Rutger's  College, 
New  Brunswick.  New  Jersey,  in  April,  1830.  He  was  a  cousin  of  William 
Fllery  Channing  of  Boston.  Dr.  H.  M.  Smith  writes  of  him:  "He  differed 
from  some  of  the  other  physicians,  who  adhered  to  the  empiric  use  of  the 
remedies  of  the  old  school  and  believed  with   Hahnemann   that'  such  practice 


g 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  75- 

was  unjustifiable.  He  accepted  homoeopathy  as  a  principle,  was  satisfied  with 
it,  saw  in  it  an  all-sufficient  guide  for  the  administration  of  remedies  for  dis- 
eases, and  believed  that  a  failure  to  cure  a  curable  case  did  not  disprove  the 
universal  applicability  of  the  law,  but  want  of  knowledge  on  the  part  of  the 
prescriber.  The  accession  of  Channing  marks  an  era  in  the  history  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  profession  had  paid  little  attention  to  this  subject,  considering 
it  one  of  Gram's  vageries,  but  the  success  of  the  treatment  in  cholera  brought 
the  practice  into  notice,  awakened  an  opposition  which  was  increased  as  the 
system  gained  in  public  favor,  and  the  loss  of  patients  affected  the  pockets 
of  the  old  school  physicians.  Highly  esteemed  by  all  who  came  in  contact 
with  him,  and  having  many  friends,  Dr.  Channing  was  so  reticent  that  few 
knew  about  his  family  or  social  affairs.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
meetings  of  physicians.  He  failed  in  health  in  1844.  There  was  a  gradual 
breaking  down  of  his  mental  powers,  and  after  many  years  of  disease  he  died 
at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.  February   11.   1855. 


76  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER    IV 

HOMCKOPATIIV   IN    NEW   VOKK        (cOXTINUED) 

The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1S32 — Hahnemann  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  New  York 
Medical  Society — The  Pioneer  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Reminiscences  of 
Early  Homoeopalhic  Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh — Paine — Dutcher — 
Wright — Ball — Ereeman — Cook  —  Bowers  —  Harris  —  Palmer — McVickar — Joslin — 
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — 'A    Chapter   of  Reminiscences. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  epidemic  of  cholera  in  1832  the  physicians  whose 
names  are  mentioned  in  the  precedino-  chapter  constituted  the  entire  homoe- 
opathic force  in  New  York.  Thouc^h  they  were  few  in  number  and  with  no  hos- 
pitals under  their  administration,  the  comparative  results  of  the  allopathic  and 
the  homceopaihic  methods  of  treatment  of  that  disease  produced  a  powerful 
reaction  in  favor  of  homoeopathic  school  among  the  people,  and  a  new  impetus 
was  given  to  the  examin.ation  of  its  claims  bv  physicians.  This  inquiry  was 
facilitated  by  the  fact  that  Hahnemann's  Organon  and  the  Materia  Medica 
Pura  were  now  printed  in  French.  Ernest  G.  de  Brunnow  had  translated  the 
Organon  into  French  and  Arnold  had  published  it  in  Dresden  in  1824.  issuing 
a  second  edition  in  1832.  A.  J.  L.  Jourdan  had  made  a  translation  of  the 
fourth  edition  into  French,  which  was  published  in  Paris  by  Bailliere  in  1832. 
Charles  H.  Devriant,  a  lawyer  of  Dublin,  had  translated  the  fourth  edition  into 
English,  with  notes  by  Dr.  Samuel  Stratton,  and  it  had  been  published  in 
Dublin  and  London.  In  1828  Bigel  had  rendered  the  IMateria  Medica  Pura 
into  French,  and  in  1834  Jourdan  also  had  made  a  translation  of  the  same. 
So  it  becanre  possible  to  investigate  homoeopathy  without  first  devoting  very 
nnich  time  to  the  studv  of  German. 

Gray  writes  of  this  epoch  :  "About  the  time  of  Channing's  coming  over 
to  homoeopathy,  namely,  in  1832  and  183^.  Dr.  Jourdan  of  Paris  translated  the 
Materia  Medica  Pura  and  Jahr's  Manual  into  the  French  language,  and  these 
works  very  soon  made  their  way  into  this  country.  This  event  marks  an  im- 
portant epoch  in  the  extension  of  homoeopathy,  the  world  over.  Prior  to  it 
no  physician  could  test  the  practice  or  study  its  principles  with  any  approach 
to  success,  without  first  making  a  fair  conquest  of  the  German  language; 
and  very  few  men  in  middle  life,  especially  physicians  engaged  in  the  cease- 
less cares  and  toils  of  their  profession,  could  surmount  this  barrier.  Hull. 
Curtis  and  I  had  done  so.  at  the  instigation  of  Gram,  and  doubtless  Channing 
would  have  accomplished  this  ardtious  task  had  not  the  labors  of  Jourdan 
rendered  it  far  less  important.  This  difficulty  fully  explains  the  slowness  of 
the  expansion  of  our  system  during  the  first  eight  years  of  its  practical,  exis- 
tence here  in  New  York.-  Moreover,  it  readily  suggests  the  reason  whv  the 
earlv  converts  here  did  not  press  the  subject  on  the  attention  of  their  medical, 
brethren  in  their  private  intercourse.  We  enjoved  a  wide  circle  of  profession- 
al acquaintance,  and  had  frequent  meetings  with  them  in  the  medical  society. 
and  in  large  private  consultations  during  the  two  years  we  were  agitatin*? 
the  medical  reform,  but  with  very  few  exceptions  the  topic  nearest  our  hearts 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


77: 


was  treated  of  sparingly  in  all  this  interconrse.  It  was  treated  with  still  great- 
er reticence  among  our  patients  for  the  same  reason ;  and  it  was  wholly 
impossible,  except  among  the  few  educated  Germans  then  in  New  York,  to- 
speak  of  the  new  practice  among  the  people  generally,  without  incurring, 
however  incorrectly,  the  odium  of  quackery.  When  occasionally  we  were 
asked  by  medical  men.  who  saw  in  the  European  journals  the  angrv  diatribes 
which  now  and  then  appeared  against  Hahnemann,  whether  we  too  were  his 
disciples,  we  answered  truly,  "ves,  and  that  for  good  reasons,"  but  we  shunned 
ilebate  with  them  and  avoided  all  explanations  to  the  laity,  as  being  alike  use- 
less and  uncongenial  to  our  tastes  and  sense  of  duty,  under  the  circumstances." 

Regarding  the  discretion  and  reticence  in  speech  that   was  undoubtedly 
enjoined   upon   his   disciples  by   Gram,   its   failure  on   the  part   of   Channing 
caused  a  great  breach  between  these  two  friends.     Dr.  Barlow  thus  comments 
upon  it:     "Possessing  firmness  in  a  large  degree  in  conjunction  with  large 
combativeness  and  cautiousness,  made  him  persistent  in   his  resentments,  an 
instance  of  which  may  be  still  well  remembered  by  many  of  his  friends — his 
resentment  toward  Dr.  Channing.  a  most  es- 
timable and  friendly  man,  for  having  incau- 
tiously given  airing  to  the  fact  of  his  (Gram  ) 
being  a  homoeopathist.     Dr.  Gram  never  for- 
gave his  friend  for  this  indiscretion,  for  that 
was  the  first  step  toward  Gram's  fall  in  the 
estimation  of  the  faculty  in  New  York,  where 
such  men  as  Hosack,  Post,  AIcNeven,  Alott, 
Rogers,  .^tevens  and  a  host  of  other  eminent 
names  who  up  to  that  time  had  been  his  ad- 
mirers  and  had   considered  him   one  of  the 
most  talented,  learned  and  skillful  men  in  this 
country,  at  once  became  his  bitter,  persistent, 
unrelenting    and  unscrupulous  enemies    and 
persecutors,  and  so  remained  until  he  died, 
when  the  mantle  of  obloquy  and   wrath  de- 
scended with  no  gossamer  lightness  and  gen- 
tleness upon  the  heads  of  his  surviving  con-  i 'r.  S    k    Kni.y 
freres." 

"But  we  were  not  idle  ;  we  worked  for  the  future  in  mutual  education 
and  preparation  ;  and  when  the  translations  were  elTected  into  all  the  spoken 
languages  of  Europe,  as  they  were  in  1837  and  in  1838,  we  re-established  our 
journal  of  homoeopathy  and  our  flistinct  public  hoiiKieopathic  society.  The 
hour  of  manly  open  combat  arrived  at  last,  and  it  found  us.  after  so  many 
years  of  patient  waiting,  harnessed  for  the  fight." 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  physicians  of  New  York  were  all  mem- 
bers of  the  New  York  County  Medical  Society,  and  that  it  was  necessary  be- 
fore a  person  was  allowed  to  practice  that  he  have  a  license  from  that  society ; 
and  thus  at  its  meetings  the  members  of  the  little  homoeopathic  family  of  New 
York  met  with  their  professional  brethren.  A  curious  circumstance  happened 
in  1832.  Dr.  PI.  M.  Smith  thus  relates  it:  "At  a  meeting  held  September  10. 
1832,  Dr.  Gray  projxjserl  Hahnemann  for  honorary  meml)ershi]).  Refore  do- 
ing so  he  had  lent  a  copv  of  his  'Fragmenta  de  viribus  Medicamentorum'  to 
the  president  of  the  society  who  was  a  Latin  scholar.  Dr.  Bernheisel  ob- 
jected  on   the   ground   that    Hahnemann    was   a   (|uack.   and    was    immediatcK- 


7B  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

V 

called  to  order  by  the  chairman,  who  said  that  no  one  should  so  stigmatize 
a  man  who  had  written  such  a  book  as  the  work  of  Hahnemann  in  the  Latin 
tongue.  This  effectually  silenced  all  the  opposition.  Many  of  the  members 
indeed  had  probably  never  heard  of  homoeopathy.  At  a  subsequent  meeting, 
November  12,  Hahnemann  was  elected.  In  filling  out  the  diploma  it  was 
customary  to  state  why  the  honor  was  conferred  and  the  president  asked  Dr. 
Gray  how  he  should  make  out  Hahnemann's  diploma.  'Why,'  answered  Dr. 
Gray,  'you  can  say  The  Founder  of  Homoeopathy,'  and  so  it  was  filled  out. 
At  this  date  there  had  been  but  little  opposition.  Eleven  years  after,  how- 
ever, at  a  meeting  held  July  10,  1843,  i*  ^^'^s  'Resolved,  that  the  resolution  of 
this  society  of  November  12,  1832,.  conferring  honorary  membership  in  this 
society  on  Samuel  F.  Flahnemann  of  Germany  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  re- 
scinded.' Hahnemann,  however,  had  not  been  admitted  by  resolution  but  had 
been  elected  by  ballot.  He  had  died  at  Paris  eight  days  previous  to  this  vote, 
in  the  88th  year  of  his  age.  He  had. been  sixty-two  years  a  doctor  of  medi- 
cine, more  years  than  many  of  the  members  of  the  medical  society  had 
breathed,  had  written  two  hundred  dissertations  on  medicine,  more  medical 
works  than  probably  the  majority  had  read,  and  as  the  discoverer  of  a  system 
of  therapeutics  left  a  name  to  be  revered." 

Among  the  early  students  of  Gram  was  Louis  Folk  Van  Beuren,  who  was 
with  him  in  1832.  He  graduated  and  for  a  number  of  years  practiced  in  New 
York.     In  1865  he  was  practicing  in  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

The  second  student  of  Gram  was  Joseph  Thomas  Curtis.  He  was  born 
at  Danbury,  Connecticut,  January  29,  181 5.  Giving  promise  of  talent  at  an 
early  age,  his  parents  gave  him  a  thorough  English  and  classical  education. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen,  in  1833,  he  became  a  student  in  Gram's  office.  He 
passed  one  of  the  most  brilliant  public  and  recorded  examinations  ever  held 
in  New  York,  receiving  his  license  to  practice  March  23,  1836.  He  at  once 
began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  with  Gram.  In  1852  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Hahnemann  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  delivered  an  inaugural 
essay  on  the  "  Relation  of  Homoeopathy  to  Qiemistry."  In  1843  he  edited, 
with  Dr.  James  Lillie,  an  "  Epitome  of  Homoeopathic  Practice."  This  was 
compiled  from  Jahr,  Reuckery,  Boenninghausen  and  others.  His  practice  was 
large  and  successful  during  the  ten  years  in  which  he  could  work,  but  his 
health  became  poor.  His  sight  failing,  he  went  to  Europe  for  a  cure,  but 
with  only  partial  success.  He  afterwards  tried  the  West  Indies,  but  did  not 
remain  there.  He  tried  other  means  without  success  and  resumed  his  prac- 
tice shortlv  before  his  death,  which  took  place  November  13,  1857.  Smith 
says  of  him :  '"  He  possessed  great  power  of  analysis  and  comparison,  and 
being  profoundly  versed  in  anatomy,  physiology  and  materia  medica,  it  was 
a  great  delight  after  carefully  preparing  his  record  to  select  the  remedy  from 
the  scanty  resources  at  his  command.  Plis  confreres  soon  learned  where  to 
go  for  assistance  in  their  daily  practice.  He  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
learned  of  practitioners,  esteemed  by  his  colleagues  as  well  as  his  patients, 
but  lacking  the  ?.rts  and  blandishments  bv  which  many  commend  themselves 
to  their  patients,  he  obtained  neither  wealth  nor  fame."  Dr.  Valentine  Mott 
said  of  him :  "  Dr.  Curtis  is  a  medical  scholar  of  rare  attainments,  and  a 
gentleman  of  spotless  character.'  Dr.  ^\'illard  Parker  said:  "He  possesses 
a  superior  and  highly  cultivated  intellect  which  he  has  most  ardently  devoted 
t6  the  science  of  medicine  and  its  collaterals." 

Another  of  the  early  friends  nf  Gram  was  Dr.  Stct)hen  Rcvnolds  Kirbv. 


HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY  71t 

In  the  summer  of  1830  he  was  one  of  the  coterie  who  met  at  Gram's  house 
for  instruction  in  homoeopathy.  He  was  born  at  Middle  Patent,  town  of 
Bedford,  Westchester  county.  New  York,  May  21,  1801,  and  came  to  New 
York  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  Later  on  he  taught  school.  He  was  principal  of 
public  school  No.  7  when  it  opened  on  Chrystie  street,  in  1827,  and  then 
began  the  study  of  medicine.  He  was  a  temperance  advocate  and  president 
of  the  New  York  society ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  volunteer  fire 
department,  and  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He 
died  in  New  York,  March  6,  1876.  Dr.  Kirby  in  1864  delivered  an  address 
on  "  The  Introduction  and  Progress  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  United  States  " 
before  the  New  York  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  in  which  he 
mentioned  that  in  the  summer  of  1832  Gram,  Wilson,  Channing  and  himself 
were  the  only  ones  who  treated  cholera  chiefly  with  camphor,  and  that  the 
practice  was  ridiculed  and  termed  the  "  small  dose  camphor  treatment."  He 
did  not  learn  German,  and  it  is  stated  that  he  practiced  with  indifferent  success 
until  after  the  publication  of  the  Organon  and  Materia  Medica  Pura,  and 
that  he  hesitated  to  declare  himself  a  homoeopathic  physician.  He  was  well 
known  as  the  editor  of  the  "  American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy,"  which  was 
issued  in  nine  volumes  from  1848  to  1857,  and  was  the  principal  homoeopathic 
journal  of  those  important  years.  He  was  one  of  the  original  organizers  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  and  its  first  treasurer.  He  was 
president,  while  still  treasurer,  in  1846.  He  also  was  a  member  of  various 
other  New  York  homoeopathic  societies.  With  Dr.  Phineas  P.  Wells  and 
James  M.  Ouin,  he  opened  in  October,  1845,  ^^e  first  homoeopathic  dispensary 
in  the  United  States.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  and  professor  of  materia  medica  in  the  New 
York  Medical  College  and  Hospital  for  Women. 

An  important  personage  among  the  associates  of  Gram  was  Federal  Van- 
derburgh. In  a  letter  to  Dr.  Henry  M.  Smith,  dated  February  i,  1867,  Dr. 
A'^anderburgh  wrote :  "  I  was  attending  Mr.  M.  in  Pearl  street,  one  of  whose 
toes  was  set  at  right  angles  with  his  foot  by  a  contraction  of  its  tendon.  I 
advised  him  to  have  it  divided.  '  Not  without  Mott's  approbation,'  he  replied. 
The  next  day  Dr.  Paine  and  I  met  at  his  house  and  he  dismissed  us  both. 
Thirty  days  afterwards  I  met  him  walking  the  street  with  his  toe  adjusted, 
I  asked  him  how  it  was  done  and  he  said  that  Dr.  Gram  had  given  him  some 
sugar  pellets  of  the  size  of  a  mustard  seed,  which  straightened  his  toe.  As 
I  picked  up  the  gems  from  all  classes  and  having  no  prejudice  to  encounter, 
I  straightway  introduced  myself  to  Dr.  Gram.  I  found  him  working  a  gigan- 
tic intellect  with  the  simplicity  of  a  child,  and  entirely  unconscious  of  its 
power." 

Vanderburgh  thus  tells  of  his  first  trial  of  the  great  skill  of  Gram  :  "  A 
lady  of  36  came  to  consult  me ;  she  had  been  four  years  ill  with  what  she  called 
black  jaundice.  I  had  lost  a  sister  with  the  same  disease.  I  took  a  careful 
record  of  the  case  and  on  my  return  I  met  Gram  at  the  door  and  asked  him 
to  read  the  record.  He  said  she  had  been  poisoned  with  bark  (quinine)  and 
that  chamomilla  would  cure  her;  that  in  three  days  after  the  chamomilla  was 
given  the  old  chill  of  four  years  ago  would  re-appear,  but  so  feebly  that  she 
-would   recover  without  another.     His  prophecy  proved   true." 

Just  when  Vanderburgh  embraced  homoeopathy  is  not  known,  but  it 
must  have  been  previous  to  1834.  as  he  then  was  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Society. 


80  HISTORY  OF  HOMd-.orATHV 

I'cdcral  \  anderbnrgh  was  born  at  licekman.  Dutchess  county,  New 
York,  May  ii.  1788.  He  was  the  seventeenth  child  in  a  family  of  nineteen 
(his  father  having  been  twice  married)  and  of  Dutch  descent.  He  received 
the  meagre  common  school  education  of  that  day.  but  by  self-education  and 
strict  ai)])lication  he  was  able  to  learn  enough  Latin  to  afterward  pursue  his 
medical  studies  with  facility.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered  himself  as 
a  student  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Wright,  a  physician  of  New  Milford.  Connecti- 
cut. Dr.  Hall,  an  old  student  of  X'anderljurgh.  thinks  he  was  licensed  to 
practice  about. that  time  by  the  medical  faculty  of  Litchfield  county.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen  he  went  to  New  York  to  enjoy  the  advantages  of  the  hos- 
pitals and  medical  lectures.  There  he  entered  the  offtce  of  Dr.  Stephen  Smith,. 
a  leading  physician.  After  attending  two  courses  of  lectures  he  graduated, 
before  he  was  twenty-one.  His  manly  appearance,  for  he  was  six  feet  in 
height,  and  finei\-  proportioned,  never  suggested  to  the  professors  a  doubt  as 
to  iiis  age.  Dmino  his  student  life  he  was  subject  to  attacks  of  pulmonary 
hemorrhage  that  threatened  his  life.  By  some  they  were  thought  to  be  o^ 
cardiac  origin  and  bv  others  of  a  tuberculous  character.  But  he  never  allowed 
this  illness  to  depress  his  spirit. 

Nande'rburoh  must  have  graduated  iti  1808,  but  biographical  accounts 
differ  as  to  his  residence'  immediately  afterward.  Dr.  J.  F.  ■\lerritt,  who 
wrote  his  obituary  for  the  "  American  Homoeopathic  Observer,"  says  that  he 
w^ent  to  Geneva  in  1812  or  1813,  remained  there  for  twenty  years  and  returned 
to  New  York  about  1830.  Smith  says  that  he  practiced  in  New  York  until 
181 1,  when  on  account  of  failing  health  he  went  to  Geneva,  New  York,  where 
he  practiced  ten  years.  He  then  gave  up  practice  there  to  Dr.  Martyn  Paine, 
and  returned  to  New  York,  which  dates  his  return  to  the  city  about  1821. 
A  report  in  the  transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  for 
1871  says  that  he  located  in  his  native  town  and  after  a  few  years  removed 
to  Hudson.  Columbia  county,  remaining  there  until  181 5,  when  he  went  to 
Geneva,  where  he  practiced  until  he  removed  to  New  York  in  1823  or  1824. 
Soon  after  he  began  practice  he  married  Hester  Orinda  Boardman,  of  New 
Milford.  Connecticut.  The  climate  of  Geneva  agreed  so  well  with  him  that 
he  became  robust  and  until  old  age  was  a  model  of  muscular  develo])ment, 
and  maintained  an  erect  stature  even  when  very  old.  Just  when  he  embraced 
homceopathy  does  not  seem  to  be  known,  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  he  prob- 
ably had  an  early  acquaintance  with  (jram.  In  a  letter  written  October  18, 
1867,  during  his  last  illness,  to  Dr.  George  E.  Shipman.  he  said:  "  You  ask 
me  for  my  photograph  and  its  biographical  appendage.  My  photograph  I 
send  you.  My  homoeopathic  appendage  began  with  Dr.  Gram.  When  he 
arrived  in  New  York  Gram  was  a  friendless  stranger  and  when  he  opened 
his  little  manuscript  no  faith  was  found  in  his  statements.  The  city  was 
then  under  the  spell  of  Post.  Hosack  and  ?^f  ott ;  the  schools  were  animated 
with  their  errors,  and  there  was  no  time  for  them  to  look  at  atoms  when  the 
masses  were  before  them,  (iram  was  grave  and  thoughtful,  and  gained  his 
ascendency  over  h.is  little  circle  by  the  interest  he  manifested  in  his  future  min- 
istr\- ;  and  when  unheard  of  doctrines — such  as  little  dose.s — came  forth,  one 
by  one,  they  were  tested  on  the  sick,  the  results  of  infinitesimal  doses  were 
recorded,  and  \\'ilson.  Gray  and  Curtis  saw  the  light  with  its  guiding  star 
before  them.  These  three  scholars,  with  one  teacher,  lit  the  lamp  whose 
cruse  of  oil  will  never  empt>-  until  the  educated  errors  of  our  ancient  brethren 
arc   buried  beneath  their  own  monuments.     .At  this  time,  if  T  rememlier.  the 


I 


HISTORY  OF  HOMQiOPATHY  81 

sale  of  my  medical  errors  had  reached  $10,000  a  year  in  the  higher  circles  of 
society  before  my  acquaintance  with  Gram,  and  my  introduction  to  him 
enabled  me  to  plant  the  reformation  of  medical  science  on  that  circle  to  great 
advantage.  I  then  drew  to  my  aid  the  lamented  Curtis,  the  brightest  star  in 
homoeopathy,  expanding  so  rapidly  under  Gram's  tuition  that  he  (Gram) 
once  said  to  me,  '  I  should  not  care  to  go  to  Heaven  if  I  could  not  meet  with 
Curtis  there.'  I  made  it  his  interest  to  be  my  preceptor ;  and  with  his  guidance 
many  time-honored  errors  were  consigned  to  oblivion,  and  many  hoary  preju- 
dices were  marched  off  the  stage." 

Dr.  Smith  says  that  his  name  Federal  was  thus  acquired :  "  When  he 
was  born,  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution  being  the  grand  political- 
event  of  the  time.  Chancellor  Kent,  then  a  young  lawyer,  suggested  that  the 


Federal    Vanderburgh,    M.    1 ). 

infant  Vanderburgh  be  named  Federal  Constitution,  but  his  mother  objected 
to  the  '  Constitution,'  and  that  word  was  omitted." 

Vanderburgh  remained  in  active  practice  in  New  York  until  1840,  when 
he  purchased  Linwood  hills  in  Rhinebeck,  and  resided  there  until  his  death. 
About  one  year  before  his  death  he  contracted,  severe  pleuro-pneumonia,  in- 
duced by  exposure  to  inclement  weather  in  connection  with  professional  duties, 
which  produced  an  attack  of  dyspnoea.  He  graduallx'  failed  until,  without 
suffering,  he  expired  January  23.  1868.  \'an(lorhurgh's  ])ractice  was  very 
largely  among  the  wealthy  class,  and  he  was  often  summoned  to  attend  pa- 
tients at  some  distance  from  home.  He  practiced  vniedicine  because  he  loved 
it.     It  is  related  that  at  the  age  of  seventv-sevcn.  when  traveling  with  a  patient. 


82  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

the  latter  said  to  the  doctor  after  he  had  reached  his  destination,  "  Well, 
doctor,  you  will  stay  with  us  a  few  days  and  rest  yourself."  "  No,"  said  Dr. 
Vanderburgh,  "  I  must  return  to-morrow.'"  "  So  soon,"  replied  the  host, 
"  well,  what  can  I  dc  to  entertain  you  ?  "  "  Oh,  show  me  some  sick  folks." 
A  physician  who  knew  him  writes :  "  Dr.  Vanderburgh's  mind  was  peculiar ; 
his  conclusions  were  so  often  the  result  of  intuition.  This  ran  through  a 
large  portion  of  the  writings  of  his  later  years.  He  practiced  medicine  from 
a  love  of  his  profession.  He  became  absorbed  in  his  cases.  In  speaking  of 
his  patients  he  rarely  called  them  by  name.  He  usually  designated  them  as 
'  the  cardiac  case  with  the  valvular  disease.'  or  '  the  man  with  diabetes,'  etc. 
He  was  kind  to  the  poor,  as  thousands  could  testify.  His  advice  was  sought 
at  his  home,  on  the  highway,  in  the  railroad  station,  on  the  railroad  car,  on 
the  steamer,  at  his  dinner,  at  the  hotel  in  the  city,  in  bed  and  out  of  bed.  He 
never  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  a  case.  He  was  proverbial  for  punctuality  in  his 
appointments,  and  woe  betide  the  m.an  who  kept  him  w^aiting  in  the  consiilta- 
tion  room.     A  homily  was  the  certain  penalty." 

The  ten  years  from  Gram's  arrival  in  1825  to  the  establishment  of  the 
first  homoeopathic  magazine  in  183.^,  may  be  called  the  first  epoch  in  the  his- 
torv  of  American  homceopatby.  There  was  this  little  company  of  believers 
in  New  York  city  who  had  been  timid  in  advancing  the  claims  of  the  new 
medical  system,  for  they  were  all  men  of  trained  intellect,  men  who  did  not 
decide  hastily,  but  quietly  were  following  the  precept — prove  all  things  and 
hold  fast  to  that  which  is  good.  Over  in  Pennsylvania  also  there  were  cer- 
tain earnest  and  cultured  men  who  had  become  convinced  of  the  truth  of 
homoeopathy  and  w^ere  about  to  found  a  college  for  its  proper  teaching;  so 
that  in  two  distinct  centers  in  the  United  States  in  this  first  epoch  of  its  Amer- 
ican existence,  the  law  of  healing  of  the  German  doctor  had  gained  a  firm 
footing.  The  New  York  men  now  had  become  so  confident  that  the  time 
seemed  proper  to  assume  a  more  public  attitude  and  to  establish  a  homoeopathic 
society. 

Previous  to  the  year  1834,  the  only  society  which  the  little  band  of  homoe- 
opathists  attended  was  the  New  York  Medical  Society,  numbering  as  its  mem- 
bers all  the  physicians  in  regular  practice  in  New  York.  But  now  the  friends 
determined  that  it  was  time  to  form  some  union  exclusively  for  the  believers 
in  homoeopathy,  therefore  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Society  was  organized 
September  23,  1834.  The  following  preamble  was  published  to  the  consti- 
tution : 

"  Whereas  a  great  share  of  the  reformation  which  is  now  taking  place 
in  the  art  of  education,  in  criminal  jurisprudence,  in  political  science,  and  in 
the  science  of  medicine,  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  increased  attention  with 
which  the  studious  and  humane  have  investigated  the  natural  history  of  man, 
and  the  influence  which  physical  and  moral  agents  exert  upon  his  growth, 
health,  morals  and  happiness ;  and  whereas  there  exists  in  the  archives  of 
homoeopathia  an  extensive  fund  of  testimony  (as  yet  unknown  to  English 
readers)  which  is  believed  to  be  very  essential  to  the  right  understanding  of 
the  subjects  above  named — 

"  Therefore,  the  subscribers,  holding  the  advancement  of  the  public  wel- 
fare by  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  to  be  a  most  sacred  and  noble  duty,  in- 
cumbent upon  all  who  enjov  the  rights  and  means  of  inquiry,  have  resolved 
to  associate,  and,  bv  this  instrument,  do  associate,  under  the  style  of  the  'New 
York  Homoeopathic  Society '  for  the  purpose  of  protecting,  enriching  and  dis- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


83 


seminating-  such  of  the  propositions  and  testimonies  of  Homoeopathia  as  upon 
mature  trial  they  shall  find  to  be  sound  and  available,"  etc.  Officers  of  the 
society  for  1834-5 :  President,  John  F.  Gray ;  vice-presidents,  Edward  A. 
Strong,  George  Baxter;  corresponding  secretary.  Federal  Vanderburgh;  re- 
cording secretary,  Daniel  Seymour;  treasurer,  F.  A.  Lohse;  registrar,  A. 
Gerald  Hull ;  librarian,  F.  L.  Wilsev ;  finance  committee,  J.  H.  Patterson, 
Oliver  S.  Strong,  L.  M.  H.  Butler,  William  Bock. 

This  society  was  composed  of  physicians  and  laymen.  William  Cullen 
Bryant,  the  poet-editor,  was  a  member.  He  was  an  early  convert  to  homoe- 
opathy and  all  his  life  was  a  strong  supporter  of  its  principles. 

The  year  1835  was  memorable  as  being  the  period  of  the  establishment 
of  the  first  homoeopathic  magazine  in  the  United    States,   "  The   American 


E.  E.  Snyder,  M.  D. 

Journal  of  Homoeopathia."  It  was  a  small  octavo  of  forty-eight  pages,  edited 
by  Drs.John  F.  Grav  and  Amos  G.  Hull.  Four  numbers  were  issued — Feb- 
riiarv,  April,  June  and  August.  In  a  letter  to  Dr.  Geddes  M.  Scott,  published 
in  the  "Homoeopathic  Examiner"  for  February,  1841,  Dr.  Hull  says: 
'"  Your  course  in  Scotland  is  just  such  as  that  pursued  by  the  late  Dr.  Gram 
and  his  friend.  Dr.  Grav,  the  first  American  confessors  of  homoeopathy.  They 
continued  from  1826  ti'll  1832  to  observe  a  silence  on  the  subject  which  was 
much  blamed  bv  the  later  converts.  I  was  during  these  years  an  earnest 
student  and  adherent  of  the  science,  and  approved  their  course  till  the  year 
1834,  when  Dr.  Grav  and  mvself  published  the  'American  Journal  of  Homoe- 


84  HISTORY  OF  HO^ia':OPATHV 

opatliia.'  *  ■■'■  *  Our  publications  m  1834  were  still  too  early  for  public 
opinion  here,  but  it  occurred  in  1833  (as  it  soon  may  in  your  city  and  king- 
dom) that  imperfectly  educated  and  unscrupulous  physicians  began  to  drive 
a  trade  in  the  new  system  by  a  series  of  mountebank  arts.  This  proceeding 
rendered  it  necessary  to  forestall  the  consequences  of  this  despicable,  but  cer- 
tainly not  surprising  conduct." 

A  notable  convert  of  this  time  was  Henry  Delavan  Paine,  a  student  of 
Dr.  Hull,  father  of  A.  Gerald  Hull.  Dr.  Paine  was  born  in  Delhi,  Delaware 
county,  New  York,  June  19,  1816,  and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  in  1838.  While  a  student  in  New  York  he  often  heard  earnest 
discussions  on  homoeopathy  between  Hull,  Gray  and  others,  and  determined 
after  graduation  to  embrace  that  system,  and  for  a  year  devoted  himself  to 
its  study,  adopted  its  principles  and  located  at  Newburgh-on-the-Hudson.  As- 
a  junior  student  during  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1834,  he  visited  the  hospitals 
and  assisted  in  the  care  of  the  patients,  and  there  again  had  opportunity  to 
see  the  beneficial  efifects  of  homoeopathic  medication  in  that  fatal  disease. 
While  practicing  in  Newburgh  he  applied  for  membership  in  the  Orange 
County  Medical  Society,  but  his  application  was  refused  on  the  ground  "  that 
he  practiced  a  system  of  medicine  disapproved  by  the  members  thereof." 
Thus,  it  became  necessar}^  for  a  practitioner  to  be  a  member  of  the  county 
society  as  the  course  of  the  Orange  county  organization  was  likely  to  be  fol- 
lowed by  other  societies  throughout  the  state  for  the  purpose  of  checking 
the  progress  of  the  so-called  heresy.  It  was  important  to  ascertain  by  a 
judicial  decision  the  power  of  county  medical  societies  to  determine  the  eligi- 
bility of  any  legally  authorized  practitioner,  and  Dr.  Paine  therefore  applied 
to  the  Supreme  court  of  the  state  for  a  mandamus  requiring  the  Orange 
county  society  to  admit  him  as  a  member,  the  validity  of  his  credentials  having 
been  fully  conceded.  The  case  was  decided  by  Judge  Cowan  in  favor  of  the 
society,  the  application  being  denied.  This  decision  was  really  favorable  to 
the  cause  of  homoeopathy,  as  it  led  to  legislation  which  repealed  many  of  the 
objectionable  laws  and  authorized  the  formation  of  homoeopathic  societies,  with- 
ail  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  allopathic  school ;  and  it  was  largely 
through  Dr.  Paine's  efforts  and  influence  that  this  was  accomplished.  In 
1844  Dr.  Vanderburgh  addressed  a  letter  to  Judge  Cowan  protesting  against 
the  decision,  and  entitled  it  "  An  Appeal  for  Homoeopathy."  This  was  pub- 
lished in  a  pamphlet  by  Radde  in  1844.  In  1845  Dr.  Paine  removed  from 
Newburgh  to  Albany,  where  he  lived  and  practiced  until  1865,  when  he  re- 
turned to  New  York.  He  passed  the  years  1884  to  1886  in  Europe  and 
returning  resumed  his  practice,  but  on  account  of  ill  health  gave  it  up  and 
devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  conven- 
tion of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  and  held  many  important 
positions  in  societies,  hospitals  and  colleges.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board" 
of  Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  also  of-  the  first 
board  of  state  medical  examiners.  He  died  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law, 
Francis  H.  Delano,  in  New  York  city,  June  11.  1893,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
seven  years. 

Dr.  P>enjamin  C.  Dutcher  came  from  Utica  to  New  York  city  in  1831. 
In  1834  he  studied  German  in  order  to  more  thoroughly  study  homoeopathy. 
He  practiced  for  four  or  five  \ears  when  he  became  a  flentist.  He  died  in- 
Newark,  New  lersey,  October  20,  1889. 

Dr.  Clark-  ^^^right  embraced  homoeopathy  in  1839.     Son  of  Asahel  Wright^ 


HISTORY  UF  HO:\l(EOPATHY 


85 


Tie  was  born  at  Windsor,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  in  1799.  He 
studied  with  his  brother,  Dr.  Orin  Wright,  at  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts,  at- 
tended lectures  and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
New  York  in  1823.  An  epidemic  of  ophthalmia  had  raged  in  the  Protestant 
Half  Orphan  Asylum  from  1838  to  1842,  and  Dr.  Wright  prescribed  for  four 
cases.  In  a  month  they  were  well,  and  he  was  requested  to  take  charge  of  all 
the  cases  of  the  disease.  He  invited  Drs.  Parker  and  Gilman,  professors  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  to  examine  forty-three  cases,  and 
six  weeks  afterwards  Dr.  Parker,  finding  them  cured,  pronounced  "  the  suc- 
cess of  the  treatment  unprecedented."  Dr.  Wright  was  then  asked  to  take 
charge  of  the  children   having  skin   diseases,   which   he  did  with  such   good 


Walu,    V.   .  ,,.■■,>.,.   .>,.   i). 

results  that  he  was  invited  to  take  entire  medical  charge.     He  died  in  New 
York  in  March,  1863,  aged  sixty-four  years. 

Dr.  Alonzo  S.  Ball  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  in  1838.  He  was 
born  ill  Keene,  New  Hampshire,  February  11,  1800.  When  he  was  two  years 
old  his  parents  removed  to  Lowville,  New  York,  where  he  was  educated.  He 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Sylvester  Miller  at  Lowville  in  1821,  and  in  1824 
■attended  kctures  at  Fairfield  Medical  College.  In  1825  he  went  to  New 
York  to  attend  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  but  ill 
"health  interfered  and  he  took  only  a  partial  course.  He  did  not  receive  a 
diploma,  but  returning  to  Lovv'ville  took  a  license  to  practice  from  the  Lewis 
County  Medical  Society,  and  located  at  Salina  (afterward  a  part  of  Syracuse). 
He  remained  there  ten  years,  returning  to  New  York  in   1835.     Dr.  Ball  thus 


S6  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

speaks  of  this  lime:  "  I  was  a  poor  man  entirely  dependent  on  my  own  ex- 
ertions, with  a  family  to  provide  for,  and  I  came  to  this  city  as  a  sort  of  • 
necessity  of  business.  I  had  some  leisure,  as  you  may  well  understand,  and 
I  had  some  friends.  I  had  a  friend  who  said  to  me,  '  Doctor,  may  there  not 
be  some  truth  in  homoeopathy?'  I  said  to  him  (he  was  a  clergy-man), 
*  Doctor,  it  grieves  me  exceedingly  to  think  that  you  lend  your  name  to  that 
humbug.'  At  the  end  of  three  years  I  came  to  the  conviction  that  there 
might  be  truth  in  homoeopathy.''  In  1838,  Dr.  Ball  was  introduced  by- 
his  pastor.  Rev.  Dr.  Patton,  to  Dr.  Vanderburgh,  the  minister's  physician  J 
His  friend.  Dr.  Cook,  had  given  him  a  book  on  the  new  medical  idea  and  had 
spoken  highly  of  Dr.  Curtis,  Gram's  student.  So  Ball  went  one  evening  to 
visit  Curtis.  Of  this  visit  he  says :  "  I  heard  that  there  was  a  young  man 
in  the  city  by  the  name  of  Curtis,  who  was  with  Gram,  an  enlightened  homoe- 
opathist.  So  I  ventured  one  nighl,  like  Nicodemus,  to  see  this  young  man 
and  I  was  interested  in  him  exceedingly.  His  very  presence  magnetized  me 
with  the  impression  that  I  was  in  the  presence  of  a  man  of  might;  and  he 
treated  me  kindly  and  I  just  told  him  my  story  that  I  had  a  patient  that  the 
doctors  could  not  cure.  It  was  a  lady  forty  years  of  age,  with  chronic 
larvngitis."  Dr.  Ball  had  treated  this  lady  for  three  months  without  relief. 
Dr.  Cook,  the  consultant,  said  she  could  not  live  two  months  more  and  thought 
it  was  a  case  that  would  be  a  good  test  of  the  new  system.  Dr.  Curtis  saw 
the  case  with  him  and  that  the  result  was  doubtful,  but  was  willing  to  try 
the  new  remedies.  He  prescribed  belladonna  2d,  twelve  pellets  in  one-third 
turribler  of  water,  a  teaspoonful  at  night  and  one  in  the  morning.  In  speaking- 
of  it  Dr.  Ball  said :  "  On  my  visit  the  next  day  she  remarked  that  she  would 
take  no  more  of  that  medicine  as  it  increased  her  sufferings.  I  told  her  to 
stop  it  and  without  a  word  of  encouragement  left  the  house ;  indeed '  I  had 
been  told  too  often  by  her  that  she  was  worse  "to  feel  particularly  encouraged 
by  it.  However,  I  called  the  next  day  but  one,  when  she  met  me  at  the  door 
of  her  room  with  the'  astounding  declaration,  '  Why,  doctor,  I  don't  know  but 
that  I  am  cured.  On  the  morning  following  your  last  visit  I  found  my  throat, 
better,  and  from  that  time  it  has  been  improving  steadily  until  it  really  seems 
as  if  I  was  almost  well.'  So  astonished  was  I  at  the  statement,  not  a  little 
provoked  with  myself,  too,  that  three  or  four  pellets  should  have  done  more 
in  a  few  hours  for  my  patient  than  all  my  pills,  boluses"  and  blisters  in  six 
months ;  so  astonished  v.as  I,  that  I  sat  down  beside  her  and  entered  into  a 
careful  examination  of  her  symptoms  which  resulted  in  the  conviction  that 
her  statement  was  true.  The  improvement  continued  and  she  was  discharged 
entirely  cured  by  the  time  Dr.  Cook  had  predicted  her  death."  The  result  of 
this  and  other  trials  soon  made  Ball  an  enthusiastic  homoeopathist.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  institute.  He  died  at  Saratoga,  New 
York.  December  17.  1893. 

Dr.  Alfred  Freeman  was  induced  by  Dr.  Ball  to  investigate  homoeopathy. 
He  was  born  in  Salem,  Washington  county,  New  York,  November  6.  1793, 
and  was  a  son  of  .\ndrew  and  Elizabeth  Freeman.  He  studied  medicine  with 
hi?  uncle.  Dr.  Asa  Fitch.  \\'hile  a  student  he  was  called  on  to  bear  arms  at 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg.  He  passed  the  winters  of  1816  and  1817  in  New- 
York  city  attending  medical  lectures,  and  having  graduated  he  returned  to  his 
native  place  where  he  practiced  seventeen  vears.  He  removed  to  New  York 
in  1834  and  established  himself  in  a  practice  which  in  a  few  years  became 
large.     He  had  opposed  homceopathy,  as  did  his  professional  brethren,  but  his 


HISTORY  OF  H0:MCE0PATHY 


87 


friend  Ball  induced  him  to  investis^^ate,  and  he  became  convinced.  Dr.  Ball, 
telling  the  story,  said:  "  I  started  out  and  made  it  my  business  to  tell  my 
story.  I  told  it  to  some  young  men  whom  I  knew  and  among  them  Dr.  Free- 
man. I  had  great  respect  for  him  as  a  man  who  delighted  to  listen  to  truth. 
I  had  an  appointment  to  go  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  and  I  called  at 
his  house  and  told  him  my  story.  After  hearing  me  he  looked  at  me  pitifully 
and  said,  '  Doctor.  I  should  as  soon  have  expected  you  to  become  an  author.' 
'  Very  like,'  said  I.  '  nevertheless.  I  think  you  will  do  well  to  look  at  it,'  and 
I  left  him.  And  the  doctor  did  look  at  it  and  as  you  know,  became  a  convert 
and  went  into  it  with  all  his  heart."  It  was  probably  about  the  year  1839 
that  Dr.  Freeman  began  to  investigate  the  new  sxstem.  He  died  of  paralvsis 
March  8,  1861. 


J.  A.   Mc\K-:<ar,   .M .    I ). 

It  wa£  through  Freeman  that  Dr.  Henry  Gale  Duuhl-H  became  convinced 
of  the  truth  of  homoeopathv.  He  was  born  in  Albany,  Xcw  York,  Septeniber 
17.  1804,  and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  m  1826, 
in  the  class  with  Drs.  Grav,  Hallock,  Joslin  and  Palmer.  W'hile  on  friendly 
terms  with  the  homreopathic  physicians  and  in  favor  of  the  public  and  re- 
corded examination  and  voting  with  them  for  it  in  the  New  York  Medical 
Societv,  of  which  thev  were  all  members,  he  nevertheless  opposed  their  pe- 
culiar beliefs.  Dunneil  thus  tells  his  own  story  :  -  My  eyes  were  opened,  and 
it  was  in  this  manner :  I  had  a  case  of  ])uerpcral  convulsions  which  came  on 
several  hours  after  a  hard  labor  with  complete  exbaustitm.  It  was  an  un- 
usual case:  we  bled  and  blistered  the  patient  and  went  through  all  the  usual 


^8  liiSTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

forms  of  treatment  that  we  usually  used,  and  still  after  forty-eight  hours  had 
elapsed  no  beneticial  results  occurred.  Meanwhile  I  was  called  into  the  coun- 
try, and  just  as  I  was  going  away  the  husband  came  running  after  me  and 
wished  me  to  go  and  see  his  wife,  as  she  had  a  return  of  the  convulsions  and 
more  violent  than  ever.  I  could  not  go  and  was  obliged  to  say  so.  And  when 
I  returned  in  two  or  three  days  I  met  a  woman  I  had  seen  at  that  house  and 
asked  her  as  to  the  result.  .She  said  to  me,  '  Mrs.  S.  is  well,  quite  well. 
\\'b.en  you  were  unable  to  come  they  called  in  another  doctor,  Dr.  Freeman, 
and  he  gave  her  something  in  sonie  water  and  she  never  had  another  convul- 
sion.' 1  immediately  slipped  away  to  my  friend.  Dr.  P>eeman.  I  knew  him  to 
be  a  man  of  truth.  I  had  had  frequent  intercourse  with  him  and  could  place 
dependence  upon  his  word.  I  asked  Freeman  about  the  matter  and  he  said,  '  I 
tell  you  it  is  true  and  I  advise  you  to  look  into  it.'  '  Do  you  see  proofs  of  its 
truth  ? '  said  I.  '  Yes,'  he  replied.  He  loaned  me  some  books  and  I  went  to 
reading.  I  took  the  matter  up  very  slowly.  I  had  previously  held  some  con- 
versation with  Dr.  Channing,  and  I  had  seen  him  trying  fearlessly  to  cure 
cholera  in  1832  with  his  minute  doses  of  camphor,  and  1  was  more  inclined 
to  trust  my  secret  with  Channing  than  with  m.y  friend.  Dr.  Gray,  for  fear  he 
would  laugh  at  me.  It  was  some  time  after  that  before  I  became  a  convert. 
Dr.  Freeman  came  to  the  city  in  1835  and  located  on  Hudson  street.  I  was 
just  opposite.  As  we  had  leisure  and  common  sympathies,  our  circumstances 
brought  us  together.  Soon  after  Dr,  Freeman  moved  to  the  east  side,  and 
I  was  converted  to  homoeopathy,  and  then  I  wanted  to  convert  the  whole  pro- 
fession." This  cure  of  Dunnell's  patient  occurred  in  the  early  part  of  1840. 
He  continued  to  practice  in  New  York  city  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
September  4,  1868.  He  was  an  original  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy. 

Another  of  the  members  of  this  first  union  was  George  W.  Cook,  who 
was  born  at  Hyde  Park,  Dutchess  county,  New  York,  May  21,  1806.  He 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Wingfield  in  Crawford  and  com- 
pleted his  term  with  Dr.  Pomeroy  White  of  Hudson.  He  graduated  at  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  in  1828,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Stockport.  In  1836  he  removed  to  Hudson  and  in  1838  began 
there  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  In  I\[ay,  1844,  he  went  to  New  York  and 
was  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Channing  one  year.  He  then  practiced  alone 
until  1848,  when  he  became  partner  with  Dr.  Jacob  Beakley,  but  in  the  spring 
of  1849,  o"  account  of  ill  health,  he  returned  to  his  brother,  Dr.  A.  P.  Cook, 
at  Hudson,  where  he  died  October  i,  1850. 

Sanniel  Bancroft  Barlow  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1837.  He  was  born 
in  Granville,  Massachusetts,  April  10,  1798.  After  educating  himself  he 
taught  school  from  1814  to  1817,  meanwhile  studying  history  and  botanic 
medicine.  In  1819  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Vincent  Holcombe,  and  two 
years  later  became  the  student  of  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Jewett  of  Granby,  Connecti- 
cut. Fle  graduated  from  Yale  Medical  School  in  1822.  He  practiced  medi- 
cine in  New  England  until  1834  or  1835,  when  he  went  to  Florida.  Orange 
county.  New  York.  As  early  as  1837  ^^  was  openly  practicing  homoeopathy. 
While  he  was  investigating,  when  there  was  doubt  about  a  case,  he  was  ac- 
customed to  write  to  Hull  or  Vanderburgh  or  Curtis  for  advice.  He  removed 
to  New  York  in  1841.  In  1863  he  became  professor  of  materia  medica  in 
the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Aledical  College,  retaining  that  position  for 
eight  years.     In   1850  he  imported  some  of  the  woorara  poison   from  South 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCF.OPATHY  6i» 

America,  and  was  successful  in  using  it  in  paralytic  cases.  In  July,  1868,  he 
Avas  sunstruck,  was  sick  for  four  years,  and  then  retired  from  active  practice. 
He  died  February  27,  1876. 

Among  the  physicians  belonging  to  the  second  epoch  of  homoeopathy  who 
•were  influential  in  its  growth  in  New  York,  may  be  mentioned  Dr.  Benjamin 
Franklin  Bowers,  born  in  Billerica,  Mass.,  in  1796;  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1819;  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  B.  F.  Joslin  in  New  York  in  1837;  was 
appointed  physician  to  the  New  York  Dispensary,  but  in  1839  was  expelled  for 
investigating  homoeopathy.  In  1847  ^^e  became  physician  to  the  Half  Orphan 
Asylum  in  New  York,  retaining  the  position  for  many  years.  A  remarkable 
mental  feat  of  this  man  was  that  when  nearly  eighty  years  old,  at  the  time 
of  the  appointment  of  a  state  board  of  medical  examiners  by  the  regents  of 
the  university,  he  voluntarily  entered  upon  a  thorough  review  of  all  the  de- 
partments of  medical  science,  with  a  view  of  presenting  himself  as  a  candidate 
for  a  state  degree.  He  passed  a  rigid  examination,  much  to  the  great  aston- 
ishment and  admiration  of  the  examiners,  and  was  the  first  successful  can- 
didate for  that  distinction.  His  death  occurred 
,a  few  weeks  afterwards,  on  February  7,  1875. 

Dr.  Zina  Harris  was  born  in  Vermont  in' 
1792.  About  1840  he  was  practicing  homoeop- 
athy in  New  York  city.  In  1842  he  had  an 
office  in  Canal  street,  near  Laight  street,  and 
was  then  a  homoeopathist.  He  was  eccentric 
and  reticent,  and  little  is  known  of  his  birth 
and  education.  He  died  in  Brooklyn,  April  30, 
1859,  of  apoplexy,  and  was  buried  in  Green- 
wood cemetery. 

Dr.  Richard  M.  Bolles  was  born  Septem- 
ber 16,  1797,  at  Hudson,  New  York.  He 
studied  with  Dr.  White  of  Hudson  and  was 
licensed  to  practice  about  1818  by  the  medical 
society  of  Columbia  county.  He  received  a 
diploma  from  the  medical  college  at  Pittsfield, 
IVIassachusetts,  in   1832.     He  practiced   for  a  B.  F.  Joslin,  M.  D. 

time  with  his  preceptor  and  then  went  to  Delhi, 

New  York.  He  returned  to  New  York  city  in  1824  and  in  1832  married  a 
Miss  Hodgkinson.  Dr.  Bolles  formed  an  acquaintance  with  Channing  prior  to 
1840.  A  personal  observation  of  Gianning's  successful  treatment  led  him  to 
make  experiments  for  himself  with  homoeopathic  medicines.  In  1841  he  declared 
his  belief  and  ever  afterward  practiced  homoeopathy.  He  studied  the  Materia 
Mcdica  Pura  in  the  German,  and  used  as  a  constant  handbook  Jahr's  Manual, 
in  French,  for  which  he  prepared  a  synoptical  index.  He  also  wrote  a  poetic 
description  of  chest  pains  and  their  remedies,  and  a  tabulation  of  Boenning- 
hausen's  "  Pocket  Book."     He  died  in  New  York,  August  9,  1865. 

Dr.  Walter  C.  Palmer  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  February  9,  1804.  In 
1826  he  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  In  1827  he  mar- 
ried Phoebe  Wc^rall  and  located  in  New  York  city.  Soon  after  Ball's  con- 
version to  homoeopathy,  he  met  Palmer  at  a  religious  meeting  held  at  the 
house  of  the  latter.  After  the  meeting  they  were  introduced,  when  Ball  men- 
tioned homoeopath} ,  to  which  Palmer  replied  that  when  lie  adopted  such  a 
system  his  friends  might  consider  him  a  fit  subject  for  a  lunatic  asylum.     Tti 


;iO        .  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

1840  Palmer  had  a  case  of  hip  disease  that  baffled  the  skill  of  many  physicians 
and  was  not  improving.  He  then  asked  Ball  for  a  homoeopathic  prescription 
for  the  patient,  and  uas  surprised  and  disappointed  that  the  invalid  began  to 
improve  after  the  first  dose.  Thinking  the  case  really  resulted  from  the  effect 
of  the  previous  medicine  and  not  from  the  homoeopathic  prescription,  he  tried 
a  homceopathic  remedy  in  a  case  of  diarrhoea,  expecting  to  prove  its  fallacy, 
but  the  patient  was  cured  and  he  was  compelled  to  acknowledge  the  truth  of 
the  system  of  Hahnemann,  and  practiced  it  for  eighteen  years,  until  1858, 
when  he  retired.  He  was  an  institute  member  of  1846.  He  died  Julv  20, 
1883. 

Dr.  John  Augustus  McVickar  was  born  in  Schenectady,  New  York,  June 
16,  1812,  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1833,  and 
was  the  first  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  medical  department  of  the  New 
York  University.  He  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  in  1841,  through  Dr. 
Zina  Harris,  and  acknowledged  that  it  was  a  principle  in  medicine,  but  not 
an  exclusive  medical  system.     He  died  January  29,  1892. 

Dr.  Benjam.in  Franklin  Joslin  was  born  at  Exeter,  Rhode  Island,  Novem- 
ber 25,  1796.  When  a  boy  he  gave  up  his  interest  in  his  patrimony  to  be 
allowed  to  spend  his  time  in  study.  For  several  years  he  taught  and  studied, 
and  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1821 ;  studied  medicine  in  New  York, 
graduating  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1826.  He  then 
took  the  professorship  of  chemistry  and  natural  sciences  in  a  polytechnic 
school  at  Chittenango,  where  he  practiced  and  lectured  one  year.  In  January^ 
1827,  he  took  the  chair  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy  in  Union  Col- 
lege, which  he  held  ten  years.  In  1835  he  removed  to  New^  York  and  gave 
up  part  of  his  college  duties  "in  order  to  devote  himself  to  practice.  For  some 
years  he  gave  lectures  on  anatomy  and  physiology  wnth  dissections.  Dr. 
Bowers,  who  wrote  an  exj;ended  biography  of  Joslin,  published  in  the  "  Trans- 
actions of  the  New  York  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  "  for  1863, 
says:  "In  1837  he  resigned  his  professorship,  formed  a  partnership  with  the 
writer  and  removed  to  New  York.  His  scientific  reputation  had  preceded 
him  and  led  to  his  appointment  in  1838  to  the  chair  of  mathematics  and  nat- 
ural philosophy  in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  which  he  held 
until  1844.  In  1839  I  was  led  to  examine  and  adopt  homoeopathy.  In  1840 
our  partnership  was  dissolved.  Dr.  Joslin  was  prejudiced  against  homoe- 
opathy, and  was  not  convinced  by  my  experience.  I  assured  him  that  he 
could  soon  be  convinced  of  its  truth,  and  that  the  easiest  way  of  testing  it 
was  to  try  it  on  himself.  A  physician  of  his  acquaintance,  having  published  an 
attack  on  homoeopathy,  wrote  to  Dr.  Joslin  for  his  opinion  of  the  system, 
intending  to  publish  it.  Pr.  Joslin  was  unwilling  to  publish  an  opinion  which 
was  not  founded  on  a  knowledge  of  the  subject  and  determined  to  make 
practical  experiment.  *  I  took,'  he  says,  '  the  third  attenuation  of  a  medicine 
and  avoiding  the  study  of  its  alleged  symptoms  as  recorded  in  books,  I  made 
a  record  of  all  the  new  symptoms  which  I  experienced.  When  this  record 
was  completed  I  examined  a  printed  list  of  symptoms  and  was  surprised  to 
find  a  remarkable  coincidence  betweeen  them  and  those  I  had  experienced."  " 
Dr.  Joslin  tried  Other  experiments  to  convince  himself  of  the  scientific  cer- 
tainty of  the  homoeopathic  provings,  and  was  finally  obliged  to  admit  their 
truth.  This  was  in  1842,  after  sixteen  years  of  allopathic  practice.  Joslin 
for   thirty    years    made    daily    meteorological    observations.     He    wrote    many 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


91 


important  scientific  and  medical  essays.  He  died  of  paralysis  December  31, 
1861. 

Dr.  George  Elisha  Belcher  was  born  in  Greenwich,  Connecticut,  Febru- 
ary 7,  1818.  He  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
1839,  and  practiced  with  his  father  s-everal  years.  Hearing  casually  of  homoe- 
opathy, he  decided  to  investigate  its  merits.  He  procured  a  copy  of  Hahne- 
mann's Organon  and  the  Allentown  Jahr,  which  he  read,  and  then  experi- 
mented with  homoeopathic  remedies.  The  result  was  that  in  1844  he  em- 
braced homoeopathy.  He  was  a  leading  figure  among  the  homoeopathic  phy- 
sicians of  New  York  for  many  years.  He  died  of  pleuro  pneumonia  compli- 
cated with  chronic  asthma,  November  i.  1890. 

Dr.  Edward  Bayard  was  born  in  Wilmington,  Delaware,  March  6,  1806. 


Lewis  Hallock,  M.  D. 

He  studied  law  in  Canandaigua,  Xcw  York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  then  studied  medicine,  graduating  from  the  medical  department  of  New 
York  University  in  1845.  \\h\\e  studying  law  in  Seneca  Falls  he  practiced 
homoeopathy  as  a  layman,  and  introduced  it  in  that  vicinity.  He  died  October 
28,  1889.     I^or  many  years  he  practiced  in   New  York  city. 

Dr.  Walter  Stewart  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  New  York  in  1848.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Gray  and  also  of  Car- 
nochan  and  was  a  man  of  superior  education,  fine  talents,  and  a  surgeon  of 
rare  ability.  He  practiced  in  New  York  city.  He  died  of  consumption  in 
Natchez,  Mississippi,  in  August.  1863.  aged  about  forty-one  years. 

Dr.  Lewis  Hallock  was  born  in  New  York,  June  30,   1803.     He  studied 


92 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


at  Clinton  University,  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  a  relative,  Dr. 
Lewis  Hallock  of  Southhold,  and  a  year  after  returned  to  New  York  and 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  John  W.  Francis,  professor  of  obstetrics  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  where  he  graduated  in  1826.  In  this  class 
were  four  others  who  afterward  became  homoeopathists :  Gray,  Joslin,  Dun- 
iiell  and  Palmer.  Hallock  had  practiced  allopathy  for  fifteen  years  when  he 
was  induced  to  tr}-  homoeopathic  remedies  in  a  case,  with  the  result  that  he 
became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  an  avowed  practitioner  of 
it.  He  joined  the  institute  m  1846.  He  died  March  3,  1897,  in  New  York 
city,  where  he  had  practiced  seventy-five  years,  having  reached  the  great 
age  of  ninety-four. 

Dr.  Tames  M.  Quui  was  born  m  New  York  in  1806.     He  graduated  with 


P.  P.  Wells,  M.  D. 


honors  from  Columbia  College,  and  afterwards  was  professor  of  Latin  and 
Greek  in  that  institution.  He  studied  medicine  with  Hosack,  but  after  prac- 
ticing allopathy  for  several  years  embraced  the  method  of  Hahnemann.  To 
thoroughly  master  its  principles  he  studied  German  and  French.  He  became 
well  known  as  a  specialist  in  diseases  of  the  throat  and  chest.  He  also  was 
an  accomplished  nuisician  and  instrumental  in  promoting  musical  progress. 
He  died  March  26,  1868. 

Dr.  John  Taylor  was  born  in  Hallowell  (or  Augusta),  Maine,  in  March", 
1802,  and  graduated  in  New  York.  He  was  converted  to  homoeopathy  by 
Dr.  Caleb  ticknor.  He  removed  from  New  York  to  Ann  Arbor.  Michigan, 
and  from  there  went  to  Rochester.  New  York,  succeeding  Dr.  Biegler.  He 
began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Ann  Arbor,  probably  in  1844  or  1845.  ^^ 
finallv  located  in  New  York,  where  he  died.  April  5.  1850. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCBOPATHY  9:^ 

Dr.  Phineas  Parkluirst  Wells  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  New  Hampshire, 
in  1808,  and  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Wells.  In  youth  he  worked  as  a 
printer,  but  decided  to  study  medicine,  working  at  his  "  case  "  during  the 
daytime,  rising  at  four  in  the  morning  and  reading  late  at  night  at  his  medical 
studies.  He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1833.  He  began  practice  in  Rox- 
bury,  Massachusetts,  where  he  remained  until  1839.  when,  impaired  in  health, 
he  went  to  Cincinnati.  Ohio.  Afterward  he  located  in  Providence.  Rhode 
Island,  where  he  was  first  interested  in  homoeopathy  through  Dr.  A.  H.  Okie. 
He  studied  German  in  order  to  understand  homoeopathy.  About  this  time  he 
became  acquainted  with  Dr.  Wesselhoeft,  who  had  recently  removed  to  Boston 
from  Philadelphia,  and  who  gave  him  a  letter  of  introduction  to  Hering.  He 
visited  him,  and  Hering  turned  the  key  of  his  office  door,  refusing  to  see  any 
more  patients  that  day,  and  they  talked  until  the  next  morning  at  four  o'clock. 
Wells  found  the  knowledge  he  sought  in  the  conversation  of  Hering.  In 
December,  1843,  he  located  in  Brooklyn,  Avhere  he  practiced  until  his  death, 
November  22,  1891.  He  was  one  of  the  stalwarts  of  Hahnemannian  homoe- 
opathy. , 


94  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  V 

HOMOKOPATIIV    IN     NEW    YORK    (CONTINUED) 

Outspreading  of  tlie  Homoeopathic  Doctrine  from  New  York  City  Into  the  Several 
Counties  of  the  State — The  Pioneers  and  Their  Trials  and  Triumphs — Reminiscences 
and  Sketches. 

While  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann  was  becoming  adopted  by  so  many  of 
the  best  known  physicians  in  New  York  city,  the  progress  of  the  system  was 
also  rapid  in  other  parts  of  the  state,  especially  in  Northern  New  York. 

In  1833  Dr.  Joseph  Birnstill,  who  had  been  converted  to  homoeopathy  in 
Germany  by  Dr.  Griesselich,  came  to  America,  reaching  New  York  in  May. 
He  soon  went  to  Dunkirk,  Chautauqua  county,  and  attempted  to  prac- 
tice the  new  system.  At  that  time  the  name  of  homoeopathy  was  hardly  known 
in  the  county.  Dr.  Birnstill  could  converse  only  in  German  and  hardly  a 
person  in  the  county  could  speak  that  language,  but  notwithstanding  these 
difficulties  he  made  some  cures  in  chronic  cases.  In  about  eight  months  he 
went  to  Westfield,  in  the  same  county.  He  gradually  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  English  and  an  increase  in  practice,  but  meeting  with  little  sympathy  from 
other  physicians  he  went  to  Buffalo.  In  a  few  months  he  returned  to  West- 
field.  When  he  applied  for  membership  in  the  Chautauqua  County  Medical 
Society  with  authentic  evidence  of  having  received  the  degree  of  doctor  of 
medicine,  he  was  rejected  solely  on  account  of  his  medical  practice.  He  was 
so  embarrassed  by  his  ignorance  of  English  and  by  his  foreign  birth,  and  by 
the  ridicule  of  the  physicians,  that  he  finally  went  to  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1839,  thence  to  Massillon,  Ohio,  and  from  there  to  W'orcester,  ^Massachusetts. 
He  practiced  in  V/orcester  three  years  and  in  1847  went  to  Boston,  and  in 
1849  to  Newton. Corners,  where  he  died  in  1867. 

As  early  as  November,  1837,  Dr.  Augustus  Philip  Biegler  began  practice 
in  Albany.  In  1838  he  was  admitted  to  membership  in  the  medical  society 
of  the  city  and  county  of  New  York.  In  the  spring  of  1840  he  went  to 
Schenectady,  being  the  pioneer  there,  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  >'ear 
located  at  Rochester.  Later,  in  1840,  Dr.  Biegler  visited  Hahnemann  in  Paris. 
He  returned  to  Rochester,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1849.  ^^ 
1838  Dr.  Biegler  was  partner  with  Dr.  Rosensteiii  in  Albany. 

Dr.  Emanuel  Sieze  opened  an  office  in  Hudson,  Columbia  county,  pre- 
vious to  1839,  and  during  that  year  went  to  Albany.  It  is  said  he  was  instru- 
mental in  persuading  Dr.  Biegler  to  leave  Germany  for  America,  and  that  they 
journeyed  together.  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Hoffendahl,  coming  to  this  coun- 
try in  1837,  after  remaining  three  years  in  Philadelphia,  located  at  Albany  in 
1840. 

As  earlv  as  1835  or  1836  homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Dutchess  county 
by  a  practitioner  who  went  from  Albany  to  Clinton  to  attend  a  case  of  chronic 
rheimiatism.  However,  Dr.  Federal  Vanderburgh  was  the  real  pioneer  in 
this  county,  locating  at  Rhinebeck  in    1843.     Soon  after  he  settled  there  he 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  95 

induced  Dr.  A.  Hall  of  Fishkill  to  adopt  the  new  method.  About  this  period 
one  Dr.  Formes  introduced  homceopathy  in  Poughkeepsie. 

Dr.  Vanderburgh  also  converted  the  Rev.  James  Lillie  to  homoeopathic 
belief.  This  was  in  1840.  Dr.  Lillie  had  studied  in  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, a  part  of  the  time  in  the  medical  department,  and  as  he  had  acquired  a 
taste  for  medicine  he  was  easily  induced  to  investigate  homoeopathy  and  be- 
came convinced  of  its  truth.  Dr.  Lillie  in  his  pastoral  visits  was  wont  some- 
times to  prescribe,  though  reluctantly,  for  the  temporal  welfare  of  his  flock. 
His  custom  was  to  take  the  Materia  Medica  Pura  (Jourdan's  French  transla- 
tion)  with  him  to  the  bedside.  In  1842  he  went  to  New  York  and  was  regu- 
larly graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  He  afterward 
went  to  Toronto,  Canada. 

The  pioneer  in  Chenango  county  was  Dr.  Caspar  Bruchhausen,  who  lo- 
cated in  Green  in  1842.  He  was  born  August  25,  1806,  in  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  received,  a  classical  education  and  became  a  literary  man.  In  the  spring 
of  1836  he  came  to  America  and  was  employed  by  George  Wesselhoeft  of 
Philadelphia,  who  imported  and  dealt  in  books  and  homoeopathic  medicines 
and  also  published  a  German  newspaper.  He  thus  became  acquainted  with 
Hering,  Green,  Humphrey,  JMatlack  and  other  early  homoeopathic  practi- 
tioners. Among  them  was  Dr.  Charles  F.  Hoffendahl,  from  Berlin,  Prussia, 
who  befriended  Bruchhausen  and  under  his  encouragement  and  tuition  the 
latter  commenced  the  study  of  medicine.  In  1839  he  went  with  him  to  Al- 
bany, where  Dr.  Hoffcndahl  entered  practice.  He  afterward  studied  in  Hud- 
son, New  York,  with  Dr.  George  W.  Cock.  Ill  health  caused  him  to  relin- 
quish graduation  and  for  a  time  he  devoted  himself  to  literature.  In  1842, 
learning  of  an  opening  for  a  homoeopathic  physician  in  Chenango  county,  one 
of  the  then  recently  settled  counties  of  New  York,  he  located  at  Green.  In 
-May,  1843,  he  went  to  Oxford,  remaining  there  five  years,  and  in  1848  set- 
tled permanently  in  Norwich.     He  died  December  28,   1891. 

In  1836  Dr.  Martin  Freligh,  of  Saugerties,  Ulster  county,  became  inter- 
ested in  homoeopathy.  He  visited  Vanderburgh  in  New  York  and  was  sent 
to  Channing,  who  gave  him  his  first  instructions  in  homoeopathic  medication. 
Dr.  Freligh  left  Ulster  county,  going  to  Rhinebeck,  Dutchess  county.  In 
1841  Dr.  Garrett  D.  Crispell  investigated  the  subject.  He  had  been  ah  old 
school  practitioner  for  eighteen  years. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Auburn,  Cayuga  county,  by  Horatio 
Robinson,  who  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Connecticut,  in  1804.  He  graduated  at 
the  Berkshire  Medical  School  and  commenced  practice  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one.  For  the  next  twelve  years  he  resided  at  Stonington,  Connecticut,  after 
which  he  went  to  Yates  county,  New  York,  where  he  remained  four  years 
and  then  settled  in  Auburn.  While  living  in  Yates  county  he  became  ac- 
quainted with  Air.  Bayard  of  Seneca  Falls,  afterwards  Dr.  Bayard  of  New 
York,  who  was  then  testing  the  merits  of  the  homoeopathic  system.  Tliis 
was  Dr.  Robinson's  first  introduction  to  homoeopath  v.  He,  like  others,  be- 
came convinced  only  after  practical  demonstration.  When  he  located  in  Au- 
burn in  May,  1841,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Humphrey,  who-  was 
physician  to  the  hospital  of  Auburn  state  prison,  and  who  was  ignorant  of  his 
partner's  change  of  medical  faith.  The  day  after  he  arrived  Dr.  Humphrey 
took  him  to  see  a  case  and  the  next  day  went  to  New  York,  leaving  Rob- 
inson to  attend  the  business.  The  patient  had  been  sick  for  seven  weeks,  and 
had  been   seen   bv   two  allopathic   pliysicians   in   consultation.     Dr.    Robinson 


:»G  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

treated  th?s  case  secretly  and  successfully  ^vith  homoeopatliic  medicines,  and 
the  result  caused  the  new  system  to  be  favorably  received.  Soon  afterward 
cholera  broke  out  in  the  prison,  and  Dr.  Robinson  at  Dr.  Humphrey's  request 
treated  certain  cases  with  arsenic  and  veratrum,  and  with  marked  success.  In 
July.  1841.  Dr.  Robinson  was  called  to  Throopsville  to  see  a  patient  for  Dr. 
McCarthy,  who  was  anxious  to  observe  the  effect  of  the  homoeopathic  reme- 
dies. The  success  in  the  case  was  so  complete  that  he  began  to  investigate, 
only  to  become  convinced  and  soon  to  adopt  the  new  system.  Dr.  McCarthy 
was  the  second  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  Cayuga  county.  He  afterward 
went  to  Utica. 

The  old  school  opposition  to  homoeopathy  was  malignant  and  even  threat- 
ened prosecution,  and  in  order  to  test  the  matter  Mr.  Peterson  of  Springport, 
a  lawyer,  sup]:)lied  hunself  with  homoeopathic  books  and  medicines  and  began 
practice,  visiting  patients  and  taking  fees,  without  having  a  diploma.  Suit 
was  brought,  trial  followed,  and  the  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  of  three- 
quarters  of  a  cent  for  the  plaintiff,  and  at  the  same  time  donated  their  fees 
to  the  defendant.     Dr.  Robinson  practiced  for  many  years  and  died  July  28, 

1889.  It  is  said  that  his  homoeopathic  outfit  con- 
sisted of  a  small  paper  box.  in  which  were  eleven 
vnals  of  homoeopathic  pellets,  each  vial  about  the 
diameter  of  a  goose  quill,  and  one  and  a  half  inches 
/"^^    '^^L  in  length  ;  also  a  copy  of  Epps'  "  Domestic  Homoe- 

£*  ^  opathy.''     It  is  said  that  Auburn  prison  was  the 

W  ^Hfl>  [IB  first  public  institution  in  which  homoeopathy  was 

*^  '-Sm  introduced. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Alley,  contemporary  with  Robin- 
son, lived  to  be  the  oldest  homoeopathic  physician 
in  the  world,  having  practiced  for  sixtv-five  years, 
lie  was  born  in  1802  in  Sullivan  county,  New 
^'ork.  and  died  at  Moravia,  New  York,  January 
24.  1802. 

Dr.  Harvey  Hull  Cator  introduced  homoeopathy 
Hnratid  Robinson.  M.  ] ).        into    Onondaga    county,   locating   in    Syracuse    in 

1842.  He  was  born  in  Roxbury,  Delaware  county, 
Xew  York,  July  12.  1815,  and  graduated  from  the  Geneva  Medical  College 
in  1840.  In  1 84 1  he  commenced  the  practice  of  allopathy  at  Moravia,  Cayuga 
count\.  His  attention  was  first  called  to  homoeopathy  by  Dr.  Robinson  of 
.-\uburn.  His  own  wife  was  cured  by  homoeopathic  medicines  after  being 
given  up  by  the  allopathic  physicians  and  he  was  led  to  adopt  the  new  medical 
system.  Syracuse  seemed  to  be  a  favorable  field  in  which  to  begin  the  new 
practice  and  he  located  there  in  1842.  He  remained  for  several  years.  A 
notable  circumstance  of  his  sojourn  was  that  he  published  there  the  "  Homoeo- 
paihic  Pioneer,"  a  scientific  and  practical  journal  of  homoeopathy.  Twelve 
numbers  were  issued,  July.  1845,  to  June,  1846.  It  was  a  small  quarto  of 
sixteen  pages.  Dr.  L.  M.  Tracy  was  associated  with  Dr.  Cator  in  this  venture. 
The  latter  was  compelled  on  account  of  his  wife's  health  to  leave  Syracuse  in 
1846,  at  which  time  he  went  west,  opening  an  ofifice  in  Milwaukee  with  Dr. 
Tracy.  He  subsequently  returned  to  New  York  and  in  1874,  after  living  in 
several  places,  opened  an  office  in  Camden,  New  Jersey,  where  he  died  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1882.     In  1852  there  were  but  five  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Syra- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  97 

cuse;  in  1857,  seven;  in  1870,  eleven;  in  1880,  seventeen;  in  1890,  twenty- 
one;  in  1899,  thirty,  and  in  1904,  thirty-one. 

The  first  practitioner  of  homceopathy  in  Rensselaer  county  was  Dr.  F.  S. 
Field,  a  graduate  of  Knigs  College  Hospital,  London,  an  accomplished  man, 
but  being  unknown  and  advocating  a  new  doctrine,  he  was  unable  to  support 
himself  and  left  after  two  years.  This  w-as  in  1839  or  1840.  He  was  ac- 
quainted vv'ith  Drs.  Richard  S.  Bryan  and  Richard  Bloss  and  furnished 
them  with  the  translation  of  Jahr's  ^Manual,  then  lately  published,  Bloss 
openly  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1841,  being  influenced  by  witnessing  several 
remarkable  cures.  In  1852  there  were  in  Troy  but  three  homoeopathists,  Drs. 
Bryan,  Bloss  and  Simeon  A.  Cook;  in  1857  there  were  four;  in  1870,  eleven; 
in  1880,  thirteen;  in  1890,  eleven;  in  1899,  ten. 

In  1842  Dr.  Daniel  Starkweather  Kimball,  who  had  been  for  some  vears 
practicing  allopathy  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  Jefferson  county,  declared  his  belief 
in  homceopathy.    He  was  born  in  Charlcstown,  Montgomery  county,  Xew  York, 
January    7,    1806,    and    w^as    in   part   educated   at 
Auburn  Theological  Seminary.     In   1824  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Joseph  F. 
Pitney,    of    Auburn.     He  graduated  at  Fairfield 
^Medical  School  in   1828,  and  settled  at  Sackett's 
Harbor.    When  Dr.  Kimball  adopted  homoeopathy 
he  was  the  only  practitioner  of  that  school  within 
an  area  of  eightv  miles.     He  died  December  12. 
1882. 

Dr.  George  W.  Cook  introduced  homoeopathy 
into  Columbia  county  in  1838.  He  was  born  at 
Hyde  Park,  Dutchess  county.  May  21,  1806,  and 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Winfield  of  Crawford. 
Orange  countv,  and  with  Dr.  Pomeroy  White,  of 
Hudsor..  He  graduated  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York  in   1828,  H.  C.  Hubbard.  M.  1). 

and     settled     in     Stockport,     Columbia     county, 

rema^ining  there  until  1836,  when  he  located  at' Hudson.  He  began  practice 
in  1838,  two  years  after  he  had  located  in  the  town.  In  1844  he  removed  to 
Xew  York.  His  health  failed  and  after  short  partnerships  with  Qianning 
and  Beakley  he  returned  to  Hudson,  where  he  died  October  i,  1849. 

Dr.  Plenry  C.  Hubbard  was  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Cortland 
county,  and  practiced  many  years  in  the  town  of  Scctt.  He  was  born  in 
Berlin,  Rensselaer  county,  March  24,  1810,  and  died  in  Scott,  March  22,  1867. 
In  1842  Dr.  Willis  R.  Browne,  after  practicing  allopathy  for  five  years,  read 
the  Organon,  became  convinced  of  its  truth,  and  began  the  practice  of  homcEO- 
pathy.  In  a  letter  written  about  that  time  he  says :  "  For  about  five  years 
previously  I  had  practiced  on  the  principles  of  the  old  school  under  a  diploma 
from  the  professors  of  one  of  the  colleges,  but  I  can  distinctly  see  that  my 
knowledge  of  the  art  of  healing  commenced  with  my  acquaintance  with  that 
invaluable  book.'' 

To  Dr.  Nash  Hull  Warner  is  due  the  honor  of  having  introduced  homoe- 
opathy into  Erie  county.  Dr.  Warner  was  born  in  Plymouth.  Connecticut, 
January  14,  1808.  graduated  from  Yale  Medical  Sch(X)l  in  1831.  and  com- 
menccil  practice  in  Van  Duscnville,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  imtil  1836, 
when  ho  went  to  Buffalo.     Early  in  1844  ^le  became  impressed  with  the  "truth 


r98  HISTORY  OF   no.M(K(  )l'ATHY 

of  homoeopathy,  and  in  his  diary  tmder  date  of  February  6,  of  that  year,  is 
the  following  note :  "  This  day  I  have  made  my  first  purely  homoeopathic 
prescription."  The  next  year  he  fully  adopted  the  system.  At  that  time  there 
were  but  one  or  two  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Western  New  York,  and  Dr. 
Warner  was  the  victim  of  the  most  bitter  opposition  from  his  former  col- 
leagues. During  the  prevalence  of  cholera  in  1849,  he  fully  demonstrated 
the  efficacy  of  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann.  He  jiracticed  in  Buffalo  for 
many  years,  and  died  June  24.  i860. 

Dr.  Charles  A.  Stevens  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Buffalo  as  early  as 
1844.  In  1852  there  were  six  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Buffalo;  in  1857, 
ten;  in  1870,  fifteen;  in  1880,  twenty-six;  in  1890,  fifty-six;  in  1899,  forty- 
nine;  and  in  1904,  forty-six. 

In  Herkimer  county  Dr.  Nathan  Spencer,  born  in  Sangerfield,  Oneida 
county,  March  29,  1809,  was  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy.  He  read  medicine 
with  Dr.  Eli  G.  Bailey  of*  Brookfield,  Madison  county,  remaining  with  him 
until  the  spring  of  1834.  During  this  time  he  attended  three  full  courses  of 
lectures,  one  in  Castleton,  Vt,,  and  two  in  F'airfield,  Herkimer  county,  where 
he  graduated.  He  began  practice  at  Winfield  a  short  time  after  becoming  a 
member  of  the  county  society.  Being  of  liberal  mind,  he  began  to  investigate 
homoeopathy  about  1846,  and  was  summoned  before  the  bar  of  trial  of  the 
county  society,  expelled,  and  the  records  of  the  action  were  published  in  the 
county  papers.  But  Dr.  Spencer  defended  the  system  splendidly,  and  con- 
fessed to  but  one  dereliction  of  duty,  that,  having  by  his  agreement  to  the 
by-laws  promised  to  make  progress  in  the  healing  art,  he  had  failed  in  not 
long  before  telling  the  society  of  his  success  w'ith  homoeopathic  medicines. 
He  practic-ed  in  Winfield  with  excellent  success,  and  died  there  December  7, 

Dr.  Erasmus  Darwin  Jones  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Essex  county  in 
1844.  He  was  born  in  Upper  Jay.  Essex  county,  September  10,  1818;  was 
graduated  from  the  Albany  ^Medical  College  in  1841.  and  at  once  began  prac- 
tice at  Keeseville.  In  1844  he  adopted  homoeopathy  in  his  practice.  In  1846 
he  went  to  Albany,  where  he  resided  for  many  years. 

Dr.  Ira  Adams,  an  old  school  physician  of  Lowville,  became  dissatisfied 
with  allopathy  and  through  the  influence  of  friends  adopted  the  homoeopathic 
system,  lie  had  been  practicing  for  thirty  years  and  was  the  first  homoeo- 
pathic practitioner  in  Lewis  county.     He  died  in  1856. 

In  1843  Dr.  Chauncey  ]\I.  Dake  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Livingston 
county.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Jabez  Dake,  of  Nunda,  and  was  born  Decem- 
ber I,  1816.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  Geneva,  but  was  obliged  to 
discontinue  his  studies  in  1836,  and  began  to  practice  under  a  state  license. 
He  was  converted  to  homoeopathy  by  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  H.  Hull  Cator, 
in  184 1,  ^^'hile  at  Rushville  he  sutfered  with  inflammatory  rheumatism,  and 
becoming  steadily  worse  called  in  Dr.  Cator.  who  relieved  and  cured  him 
with  homoeopathic  treatment.  When  he  recovered  he  procured  homoeopathic 
books  and  medicines  and  soon  accepted  the  truth  of  the  "  little  pills."  In 
1843  he  located  at  Geneseo.  He  practiced  for  a  time  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  but 
finally  retired  to  a  farm  near  Rochester,  X.  Y..  where  he  died  July  15,  1872. 

In  the  spring  of  1840  Dr.  Robert  Rossman  removed  from  Hudson  to 
Brooklyn,  where  he  was  the  first  to  raise  the  standard  of  homoeopathv.  He 
remained  alone  there  for  three  years  nhen  he  fonved  a  partnership  with  Dr. 
Aaron  Cooke  Hull,  then  of  New  \'ork  citv.     Four  or  five  months  after  Dr. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  99 

liossman  settled  in  the  city,  Dr.  David  Baker  commenced  practice  there,  and 
to  their  earnest  efforts  the  great  success  of  the  system  of  Hahnemann  in 
Brooklyn  was  largely  due.  Dr.  Rossman  was  born  in  Claverack,  Columbia 
county,  October  i8,  1807.  He  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  New  York,  and  located  at  Hudson,  Columbia  county,  where  he 
became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1839.  He  lived  in  Brooklyn  until  his 
death,  December  25,  1859. 

The  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Kings  county  is  practically  included  in 
that  of  Brooklyn.  In  1852  there  were  the  following  practitioners  of  homoe- 
opathy in  that  city :  George  R.  Beebe,  Abraham  C.  Burke,  Joel  Bryant,  Car- 
roll riunham,  Samuel  Smith  Guv,  Charles  Julius  Hempel,  Aaron  Cooke  Hull, 
O.  R.  King.  Edwin  Albert  Lodge,  Reuben  Curtis  Moffatt,  George  \\  New- 
comb.  J.  R.  Orton,  Robert  Rossman,  C.  D.  Rossiter,  Phineas  Parkhurst  Wells, 
.  In  1857  the  homoeopathic  physicians  there  were  D.  Baker,  J.  Barker,  J.  B. 
Bennett,  Joel  Bryant.  Abraham  C.  Burke,  J.  Pitman  Dinsmore,  S.  B.  Doty, 
J.  Duffin,  Carroll  Dunham,  Joseph  Bailey  Elliott.  Bernhard  Fincke,  H.  S. 
Gilbert,  Samuel  Smith  Guy,  S.  H.  Hanford,  William  H.  Hanford,  Aaron 
Cooke  Hull,  Edwin  Albert  Lodge,  Benjamin  Clasby  Macy,  H.  May,  Henry 
Minton,  Reuben  Curtis  Moffatt,  George  V.  Newcomb,  \Villiam  L.  R.  Per- 
rine,  Edward  T.  Richardson,  M.  A.  Richter,  Robert  Rossman,  John  Gaul  Ross- 
man, Dr.  Saltzweidel,  Dr.  Stamm,  John  Turner.  James  H.  Ward,  J.  I.  Watson, 
Phineas  Parkhurst  Wells,  Albert  Wright.  William  Wright,  J.  Young. 

In  1870  there  were  sixty-seven  practitioners  in  Brooklyn;  in  1880.  one 
hundred  and  twenty-nine;  in  1892,  two  hundred  and  one;  in  1904,  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-six.  Dr.  Charles  Harvey  Hadley  practiced  at  Blyther- 
bourne.  Dr.  Robert  Boocock  at  Flatbush  and  Dr.  John  C.  Robert  at  New 
Utrecht. 

In  New  York  city  in  1852  there  were  the  following  homoeopathic  practition- 
ers :  James  H.  Allen,  Moses  Anderson,  H.  D.  Appleton,  Alonzo  S.  Ball.  Samuel 
Bancroft  Barlow.  E.  H.  Bartlett,  Edward  Bayard,  George  Beakley,  Jacob  Beak- 
ley,  George  Elisha  Belcher,  H.  W.  Bell,  T.  j.  Blakeney,  Richard  Montgomery 
Bolles.  Benjamin  Franklin  Bowers.  Josiah  Bowers,  Edward  V.  Brown,  Wil- 
liam Channing.  Eliza  D.  Cook,  J.  Croffut,  Joseph  Thomas  Curtis,  H.  G.  Doyle, 
Henry  Gale  Dunnell,  Benjamin  C.  Dutcher.  Joseph  T.  Evans,  Alfred  Free- 
man. Martin  Freligh,  John  Franklin  Gray.  Egbert  Guernsey,  Lewis  Hallock, 
Benjamin  Franklin  Joslin.  Edwin  Merritt  Kellogg,  C.  Kiersted,  Hudson  Kins- 
ley, Stephen  Reynolds  Kirby,  J.  F.  Mahon,  Erastus  Edgerton  Marcy,  Dr. 
Morton.  James  Mairs,  M.  J.  Mayer.  H.  G.  McGonegal,  Robert  McMurray, 
John  Augustus  McA'ickar,  James  Whiting  Metcalf,  Walter  C.  Palmer.  Miles 
Wesley  Palmer.  John  C.  Peters.  James  M.  Quin.  A.  Reisig,  S.  E.  Shepherd. 
Hunting  Sherriil,  Daniel  E.  Stearns,  W.  Stewart.  John  L.  Sullivan,  Federal 
Vanderburgh.  Lewis  T.  Warner.  J.  Westcott.  Edwin  West.  E.  G.  Wheeler. 
Ferdinand  Little  Wilsey.  Abraham  Durve?.  Wilson.  J.  D.  Worrall.  Gark 
Wright.  In  1857  New  York  city  contained  ninety-three  homoeopathic  prac- 
titioners; in  1870.  one  hundred  and  forty-eight;  in  1880.  two  hundred  and 
five:  in  1890.  four  hundred  and  thirty-nine:  in  1904.  three  hundred  and 
twentv-two. 

Homfpopathv  was  introduced  into  Queens  county  by  Dr.  Spaulding,  who 
settled  in  Flushing  in  1825  as  an  allopathic  physician,  and  who  embraced  homoe- 
opathv  in  1839.     He  left  Flushing  in  1844. 

The  pioneer  in   Monroe  county   was  Dr.   Augustus    T'hilip    Biegler.   who 


00  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOFATIIY 

went  from  Albany  to  Rochester  in  1840.  In  1852  there  were  ten  homceopathic 
physicians  ni  Rochester;  in  1857  there  were  thirteen;  in  1870,  seventeen;  in 
1880,  twenty-five;  in  1890,  fifty-two,  and  in  1899,  sixty-three.  In  1904  there 
are  recorded  seventy-one. 

Abont  1845  ^r-  Ezekiel  Lovejoy,  then  located  at  Owcgo,  the  county  seat 
of  Tioga  county,  introduced  the  new  system  to  his  patients.  He  had  begun 
practice  as  an  allopathic  physician  at  Owego  in  1828.  A\'hile  visiting  a  sister 
his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy.  He  met  Dr.  Granger  in  New  York 
and  tested  its  truth,  and  on  his  return  home  he  adopted  it  in  practice.  He 
was  born  at  Stratford,  Conn.,  July  6,  1803,  and  died  in  1871. 

In  the  winter  of  1843-44  Dr.  Erastus  Humphreys  opened  an  office  in 
Utica  for  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  had  been  previously  in  practice 
in  Auburn  where,  in  1840,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Dr.  Horatio  Robin- 
son, who  had  recently  become  his  partner,  he  was  converted  to  a  belief  in 
homcEopathy.  He  was  an  important  acquisition,  being  one  of  the  prominent 
medical  men  of  the  vicinity,  physician  to  the  Auburn  state  prison,  and  having 
great  social  influence.  In  1842  he  went  to  Syracuse  where  he  practiced  for  a 
year  and  a  half,  and  where  he  was  joined  by  Dr.  H.  Hull  Cator,  having  been 
the  first  to  open  an  office  in  Onondaga  county.  In  the  fall  of  1843  he  went 
to  Utica,  being  the  pioneer  both  in  the  city  of  Utica  and  of  Oneida  county. 
Dr.  Humphreys  remained  in  practice  in  Utica  until  1847,  when  he  went  to 
New  York,  leaving  his  son,  Dr.  Frederick  Humphreys,  who  later  became  the 
proprietor  of  "  Humphreys'  Specifics,"  and  Dr.  Samuel  Stewart,  to  succeed 
him.  In  New  York  he  endeavored  to  found  a  homoeopathic  hospital,  but  he 
was  prostrated  by  a  sunstroke,  from  which  he  never  recovered.  He  died  on 
March  14,  1848.  He  was  born  in  Canton  in  1784  and  received  his  diploma 
from  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Connecticut  at  Hartford  in  1808.  He 
practiced  with  Dr.  Everest  for  two  years,  when  he  went  to  Marcellus,  Onon- 
daga county,  where  he  remained  until  1823,  when  he  went  to  Auburn. 

Dr.  Erastus  A.  Munger  of  Waterville,  Oneida  county,  in  the  summer  of 
1843  went  to  New  York  for  the  purpose  of  learning  something  of  the  new 
system.  While  there  he  became  acquainted  with  Drs.  Gray,  Freeman,  Bayard 
and  Kirby,  purchased  Jahr's  New  Manual  and  other  homoeopathic  books  and 
a  supply  of  medicines,  and  on  his  return  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
At  this  time  there  was  no  other  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  county  or  nearer 
than  Syracuse. 

Dr.  Levcrett  Bishop  acquired  an  understanding  of  homoeopathy  from  the 
Babcock  brothers  and  Dr.  Douglass  of  Hamilton.  Madison  county,  in  the 
winter  of  1843-44.  Dr.  Erastus  Humphreys  furnished  him  with  his  first  outfit 
of  homoeopathic  medicines,  and  with  Hull's  Jahr  and  Organon. 

The  Central  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized 
at  Utica  in  June,  1849,  ^"<^1  was  a  means  of  union  of  the  homoeopathic  physi- 
cians in  the  vicinity,  and  also  the  cause  of  rapid  growth  of  the  system.  This 
was  called  the  "  Syracuse  and  Utica  Convention  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians. "^ 
The  first  informal  meeting  was  held  in  Utica,  September  13.  1849.  The  fol- 
lowing persons  signed  their  names  to  the  constitution  at  a  meeting  held  at 
Utica,  January  16,  1850:  Drs.  A.  L.  Kellogg,  Bridgewater;  S.  W.  Stewart, 
Utica :  Silas  Bailey,  Brookfield :  Leverett  Bishop.  Sauquoit ;  N.  Stebbins,  Clin- 
ton :  Erastus  A.  Munger.  Waterville ;  Lucian  B.  Wells,  Pompey ;  Daniel  S- 
Kimball.   Sackett's  Harbor;  Daniel  Barker.  Madison;  Frederick   Humphreys, 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  101 

Utica;  Jonas  C.  Raymond,  Waterville;  Jesse  M.  Peak,  Cooperstown ;  Jere- 
miah Green,  Hamilton ;  H.  R,  Foote,  Utica. 

It  is  probable  that  Dr.  Louis  A.  Morgan  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath 
in  Cattaraugus  county,  as  he  was  in  Chautauqua  county.  He  was  born  March 
20,  1 80 1,  at  West  Sprmgfield,  Mass.  He  attended  the  Berkshire  Medical 
College  and  studied  with  a  number  of  distinguished  physicians.  When  he 
married  Cornelia  Spellman  in  1826,  they  took  a  wedding  trip  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred miles  through  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  during  which  Dr.  Morgan, 
the  groom,  gave  lectures  on  the  sciences.  He  had  graduated  from  Williams 
College  in  1828,  and  for  a  time  was  a  teacher.  In  1845  his  attention  was 
directed  to  homcEopathy  and  he  became  convinced  of  its  truth.  Previous  to 
that  he  had  been  ordained  in  the  ministry  and  had  labored  in  Western  New 
York  as  missionary  and  physician  to  the  poor.  He  was  called  to  the  church 
in  Coiiewango,  Chautauqua  county,  and  practiced  medicine  there  for  six  years, 
the  only  homceopathist  in  the  region.  About  1851  he  removed  to  Gowanda, 
where  he  had  to  combat  the  opposition  of  three  allopaths  and  three  eclectics. 
He  remained  there  six  years,  but  a  disastrous  fire  impoverished  him.  He 
then  went  to  Buffalo,  where  his  wife  died.  After  a  year  spent  in  Illinois,  he 
returned  east  and  opened  an  office  in  Hornellsville,  Steuben  county,  and  re- 
mained there  live  years,  after  which  he  resided  in  Conewango.  In  Allegheny 
county  the  homoeopathic  pioneers  were  Drs.  John  H.  Thorp,  Washington  Irv- 
ing Wellman,  Samuel  Smith  Allen,  Llewellyn  D.  Farnham,  Dr.  Hayes,  Syl- 
vester Pelton  and  W.  S.  Todd,  Sr. 

In  Niagara  county  the  pioneer  was  Dr.  Franklin  L.  Knapp,  who  was 
born  in  Pembroke,  Genesee  county,  September  22,  1817;  educated  at  Geneva 
Medical  College  and  graduated  in  1845.  At  a  public  debate  between  Dr. 
Williams,  a  homoeopathic  physician  of  Geneva,  and  Professor  Thomas  Spen- 
cer of  the  college,  Dr.  Knapp  was  so  impressed  with  the  arguments  in  favor 
of  homoeopathy  that  he  decided  to  investigate  its  claims.  He  sought  out  Dr. 
Williams  at  his  office  and  soon  became  convinced  that  there  was  indeed  a 
specific  law  governing  the  remedial  action  of  medicinal  drugs.  He  at  once 
commenced  the  study  of  homoeopathy  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Matthews,  of  Roch- 
ester. He  afterward  was  associated  with  Dr.  C.  M.  Dake  at  Geneseo.  Called 
by  his  father's  health  to  Gasport,  he  established  himself  there  as  a  homoeo- 
pathic physician  in  1846.  Dr.  David  Fowler  Bishop  commenced  the  practice 
of  homoeopathy  in  Lockport  iri  1850. 

The  pioneers  in  Broome  county  were  Drs.  Titus  Lonson  Brown,  Dr. 
Brownson,  Dr.  Covert,  E.  Ely,  T.  Mather,  Ira  W.  Peabody,  Stephen  D.  Hand, 

A.  A.  Witherill.  Dr.  C.  F.  Harris  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Binghamton 
in  the  spring  of  1847.  I"  1853  there  were  four  homoeopathists  practicing  in 
that  criy. 

The  introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  Schuyler  county  was  due  to  Dr. 
Richard  Huson,  then  living  in  the  village  of  Dundee  in  the  adjoining  county 
of  Yates.  His  professional  duties  frequently  brought  him  into  the  northern 
and  middle  towns  of  the  county,  and  where  in  connection  with  his  practice  he 
gave  frequent  lectures  on  homoeopathv  at  school  houses.  Thus  the  knowledge 
spread  rapidly  through  the  neighboring  towns.  Dr.  Edwin  W.  Lewis  com- 
menced to  practice  at  Watkins  in  1846,  at  which  time  there  were  but  two  fam- 
ilies there  who  acknowledged  their  belief  in  homoeopathy. 

In  Delaware  county  the  first  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  was  Dr.  Liverus 

B.  Hawley,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  August  22,  1828.     He  served 


lu-2  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

in  the  Mexican  war  and  was  dischaTged  and  pensioned  on  account  of  a  wound- 
received  in  jjattle.  Jn  1849  'i^'  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  and  grad- 
uated from  the  Homa-opathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853.  He 
at  once  located  at  Delhi,  Delaware  county,  but  in  1855  removed  to  Phoenix- 
ville,  Pa.,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  March  20,  18^0. 

Dr.  Jesse  Temple  Hotchkiss  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Orange  county, 
beginning  its  practice  in  1851  at  Blooming  Grove.  He  was  a  graduate  of  tlae 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1842.  He  practiced  in  Monroe,  Blooming 
Grove  and  Cornwall.     He  died  at  Cornwall,  June  11,  1886. 

In  1850  Dr.  Reuben  Curtis  Moft'at  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Suffolk 
county,  being  called  to  see  a  case  of  consumption.  In  185 1  Dr.  Burke  of 
Brooklyn  passed  a  few  weeks  at  Greenport  and  advised  a  Mrs.  Davis  to  study 
homoeopathy  in  order  to  doctor  her  own  family.  In  1857  ^^-  Samuel  Ban- 
croft Barlow  visited  Mrs.  Davis  and  found  her  so  successful  in  practice  among 
her  neighbors  that  he  advised  her  to  charge  a  fee  for  her  services. 

Dr.  Jabcz  W."  Dake  located  in  Albion,  Orleans  county,  in  1863.  Several 
homoeopathic  physicians  had  previously  tried  to  practice  there,  but  were  com- 
pelled to  abandon  the  field,  but  Dr.  Dake  bought  a  house,  moved  into  it,  sent 
word  to  his  allopathic  friends  that  he  had  paid  for  his  house  and  had  enough 
to  keep  him  for  a  year  and  that  he  had  come  to  stay.  He  remained  five  years 
and  then  gave  up  the  place  because  of  his  health.  At  that  time  Medina  alone 
in  the  whole  county  could  boast  of  a  homoeopathic  physician. 

In  Madison  county  Dr.  Robert  S.  Bishop  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath, 
locating  in  1863  at  Chittenango.  Previously  he  had  been  a  partner  with  Dr. 
David  Fowler  Bishop  at  Lockport.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Medina,  Orleans 
county.    Dr.  Bishop  was  born  in  Paris,  N.  Y.,  November  22,  183 1. 

The  records  of  homaopathy  in  Washington  county  are  meagre.  It  was 
first  introduced  by  a  clergyman.  Dr.  J.  Savage,  an  allopathic  physician, 
adopted  it,  and  soon  afterwards  was  followed  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Savage.  In  1852 
there  were  about  ten  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  county. 

Great  credit  is  due  to  one  of  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathy  in  Albany  county 
for  his  painstaking  labor  of  historical  compilation  in  the  first  ten  volumes  of 
the  transactions  of  the  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society.  These  volumes 
contain  a  very  complete  history  of  the  advance  of  homoeopathy  in  New  York 
state,  and  that  this  is  so  is  due  to  Dr.  Horace  Marshfield  Paine. 

Dispensaries  in  Nezv  York  State:  Albany,  1868;  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  Asso- 
ciation, 1872;  Brooklyn.  1853;  Buflfalo  Free,  1867;  Buffalo  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary, 1878;  Central  of  Brooklyn,  1882;  Gates  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  1867;  Pough- 
keepsie  Medical  and  Surgical,  1865;  Prospect  Heights,  Brooklyn,  1889;  Roch- 
ester Free,  1874;  Syracuse  Free,  1890;  Women's  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  188 r ; 
Avenue  A,  New  York,  1883;  Bayard  Homoeopathic,  1886;  Bond  St.,  1855; 
Central  Homoeopathic.  New  York,  1854;  Five  Points  House  of  Industry,  1861  ; 
Hamilton,  1891  ;  Harlem  Homoeopathic,  1872;  Heilenstadt,  1859;  J^o'y  Trin- 
ity, 1889;  New  York  Homoeopathic,  1890;  Metropolitan,  1868;  Morrisiana, 
1869;  New  York  Homceopathic.  1845  (the  first  established  in  the  United 
States);  New  York  Homoeopathic,  i860;  College  for  Women,  1863;  New 
York  Homoeopathic  College.  1859;  Northeastern,  1869;  Northern,  1857; 
Tompkins  Square,  1874;  Western,  1868;  West  Side,  1889;  Yorkville,  1871. 

Plmnnacies:  The  first  to  deal  in  homoeopathic  books  and  medicines  was 
J.  G.  Wesselhocft,  a  printer  and  publisher  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  located 
in   1835  at  142  Fulton  street.  New  York  city,     ^^'illiam  Radde  was  his  clerk 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATH V 


103 


and  had  charge  ot  the  Xcw  York  store.  Mr.  Radde  afterward  bought  the 
business  in  both  cities.  Jn  1840  Radde  had  a  store  at  322  Broadway,  and  was 
the  agent  for  the  Central  Homoeopathic  Pharmacy  of  Leipsic.  In  1869  '""e 
sold  out  to  the  firm  of  Dr.  F.  E.  Boerickc  and  Mr.  A.  J.  Tafel  (Boericke  & 
Tafelj.  This  firm  is  still  doing  business  and  has  several  stores  in  Xew  York 
city.  In  1843  J-^^""''  T.  S.  Smith,  who  was  a  patient  of  Dr.  A.  Gerald  Hull, 
began  to  prepare  tnictures  and  triturations  for  him  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Grav.  As 
soon  as  other  phAsicians  learned  this  they  called  on  him  for  supplies,  and 
soon  his  time  was  entirely  occupied  in  the  manufacture  of  homoeopathic  med- 
icines. In  ]\Iay,  1846,  this  pharmacy  was  located  at  488  Broadwav,  In  1868 
Dr.  H.  M.  Smith  and  his  brother  were  admitted  to  the  firm  and  in  1869  the 
style  became  H.  M.  Smith  &  Bro.     This  pharmacy  is  still  continued  bv  the 


Horace  M.  Paine.  M.  D. 


sons  of  Dr.  Henry  M.  Smith.  In  December,  1849,  one  J.  Edward  Stohlmann 
opened  a  liomoeopathic  pharmacy  at  24  North  William  street.  In  July,  1852, 
J.  T.  P.  Smith  established  a  pharmacy  at  50  Court  street,  Brooklxn,  which  he 
sold  to  Pierce  Brothers  in  1865.  and  thev  in  1874  to  S.  G.  Clarke. 

In  1852  Charles  T.  Hurlburt  opened  a  pharmacy  at  437  Broome  street, 
New  York.  In  1874  he  removed  to  898  Broadway,  and  in  1879  to  3  East 
Nineteenth  street,  and  m  1881  located  at  6t  \\'est  125th  street.  He  has  a 
branch  at  Harlem.  Dr.  C.  B.  Currier  for  a  time  in  1876  conducted  a  pharmacy 
at  1005  Sixth  avenue.  Mr.  J.  B.  Bell  had  one  in  \'esey  street  in  1884.  In 
1879  E.  D.  Clark  Armstrong  located  at  276  Sixth  avenue.  J.  O.  Noxon  opened 
a  pharmacy  March  i,  1869,  at  323  \\'ashington  street.  I'nxjklyn.  Lewis'  H. 
Smith  located  at  59  Court  street,  in   1859.     In   1875  W.  Sommers  was  estab- 


104 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


lished  at  120  Fourth  street,  Brooklyn.  F.  P.  Carter  also  conducted  a  phar- 
macy for  a  time  in  Brooklyn. 

Dr.  Samuel  Swan  prepared  his  "  nosodes  "  for  sale,  but  kept  no  pharm- 
acy.   Thev  are  now  sold  by  Boericke  &  Tafel. 

The  first  homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  Buffalo  was  opened  by  Dr.  Dio  Lewis 
in  1850.  He  also  edited  "The  Homoeopathist."  He  prepared  his  own  atten- 
uations, oft'ering  them  for  sale  at  ten  cents  per  vial  of  250  drops. 

In  1864  Adolph  J.  Tafel  opened  a  pharmacy  at  6  Eagle  street,  Buft"alo. 
In  1867  he  sold  to  C.  S.  Halsey.  H.  T.  Appleby,  Mr.  Halsey's  manager, 
bought  him  out  in  1870.  It  was  afterward  conducted  by  Dr.  McCrea  and 
C.  F.  Buck.  In  1891  Halsey  Brothers  opened  a  pharmacy  at  535  Washington 
street,  Buffalo.  About  1851  Dr.  David  A.  Baldwin  established  the  Rochester 
Homoeopathic  Pharmacy  at  17  Arcade  street. 

In  1856  James  Bryan,  operative  chemist  and  druggist  at  68  State  street, 
Rochester,  conducted  as  an  adjunct  to  his  store  a  homoeopathic  pharmacy 
directed  by  ]Mr.  L.  D.  Fleming.  E.  W.  Farrington  for  a  time  had  a  pharmacy 
at  68  State  street,  Rochester.  In  1877  Tuckes  &  Fitch  established  a  pharmacy 
at  26  Warren  street,  Syracuse.  Dr.  H.  R.  Smith  had  a  small  pharmacy  at  his 
residence  in  Brockport,  and  in  1865  E.  B.  Sprague  had  a  pharmacy  in  Owego. 

List  of  physicians  who  practiced  homoeopathy  in  New  York  city  previous 
to  and  including  the  year  i860.  The  character  *  opposite  a  name  indicates 
that  the  practitioner  originally  w-as  of  another  school  of  medicine,  and  subse- 
quently a  convert  to  homoeopathy ;  the  year  preceding  the  name  indicates  the 
time  of  beginning  practice,  except  that  the  character  x  following  a  name  indi- 
cates that  practice  was  begun  before  that  date : 


1845  Allen,  James  Hart  * 
1852  Anderson,  Moses 

1852  Appleton,  H.  D. 

1856  Alley,  James  T.  * 
1839  Ball,  Alonzo  Spafford  * 

1853  Baldwin,  Jared  G. 

1857  Banks,  H.  M.  x 
1857  Banks,  W.  x 

1857  Barker,  Helen  Cooke  x 

1837  Barlow,  Samuel  Bancroft  * 

1852  Bartlett,  E.  H. 

1849  Bartlett,  Rodman 

1846  Baruch,   Meyer 
1844  Bayard,  Edward  * 

1852  Beakley,   George 
1X44  Beakley,  Jacob  * 

1839  Belcher,  George  Elisha 
1849  Berghaus,  Julius  Martin  * 
1846  Bell,  Henry  W. 

1853  Bissell,  A.  F.  x 
1852  Blakene/,  J.  T. 

1840  Bolles,  Richard  Montgomery  * 
1839  Bowers,  Benjamin  Franklin  * 

1841  Bowers,  Josiah  * 
1857  Boskowitz,  H.  x 
1857  Brainard.   E.  W.  x 
1857  Brenna.   D.  x 

1852  Brown.   Edward  V. 

^^33  Channing,  William  * 

1852  C(  ok.  Eliza  D.  x 

1857  Crane,  J.   W.  x 


1852  Croffut,  J. 

1833  Curtis,  Joseph  Thomas 
1857  Doyle,  J.    R.  x 

1852  Doyle,  G.  H.  x 

1840  Dunnell,  Henry  Gale  * 

1834  Dutcher,  Benjamin  C. 
1857  Eckhart,  C.  x 

1852  Evans.  J.  T.  x 

1857  Fowler,  Almira  L.  x 

1855  Fowler,  Edward  Payson 

1840  Freeman,  Alfred  * 
1854  Freeman,  Warren 
1848  Freligh,  Martin 
1854  Fullgraff,  Otto 

1826  Folger,  Robert  B.  * 
1857  Geraud,  F.  x 

1857  Gourlay,  G.  x 

1827  Gray,  John  Franklin  * 
1825  Gram,  Hans  Burch  * 
^^33  Granger,  John 

1848  Guernsey,  Egbert  * 

1846  Guy.  Samuel  S. 

1841  Hallock,  Lewis 
1840  Harris,  Zina  H. 
1852  Houghton,  A.  x 
1833  Hull,  Amos  Gerald 
1848  Jacobson,  R.  S. 

1842  Joslin,  Benjamin  Franklin  * 
1852  Joslin,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Jr. 
1852  Kellogg.  Edwin  Merritt 

1857  KeufTner,  F.  A.  x 


HISTORY  OF  HOMQtOPATHY 


105 


1852  Kiersted,  C.  x  1850 

1854  King,  O.  R.  1856 

1847  Kinsley,  Hudson  *  1857 
1857  Kip,  R.  B.  1852 
1830  Kirby,  Stephen  Reynolds  1857 
1857  Kirby,  T.  x  1839 
1857  Leach,  George  H.  x  1840 
1844  Leon,  Alexis  1829 

1840  Lovejoy,  Ezekiel  *  •  1852 
1852  ]\Lihon,  J.  F.  X  1856 
1836  Mairs,  James  *  1845 

1848  ■\larcy,  Erastus  Edgerton  *  1844 
1857  Morton  x  1844 
1852  Mayer,  Martin  x  1857 
1857  McDonald,  William  Ogden  x  1838 
1852  McGonegal,  H.  G.  x  1832 
1844  McMurray,  Robert  *  1857 

1841  ISIcVickar,  John  Augustus  *  1857 
1857  Miller,  C.  x  1847 

1849  Metcalf,  James  Whiting  1857 
1857  Muhr,  H.  X  1857 

1857  Newcomb,  O.  x  1852 
1840  Palmer,  Miles  Wesley  1849 
1840  Palmer,  Walter  C.  *  1852 
1847  Petherbridge,  J.  B.  x  1826 
i860  Pardee,  Walter  1829 
1840  Peters,  John  C.  1852 

1858  Peterson,  Wilson  1852 
1857  Perkins,  Roger  Griswold  .... 
1867  Powell,  Hans  *  1854 

1842  Quin,  James  M.  *  1842 
1832  Reisig,  Gottlob  Adolph  * 

Homoeopathic  physicians  who  have  practiced  in  Brooklyn  and  Williams- 
burgh  previous  to  and  including  the  year  i860: 


Reisig,  Richard 

Richards,  George  Washington 

Ring,  T.  L.  X 

Shepard,  S.  E.  x 

Saltonstall,  G.  D.  x 

Schue,  John 

Sherrill,   Hunting  * 

Stearns,  Daniel  Edward  * 

Stewart,  Walter  x 

Smith,  Daniel  Drowne  x 

Snow,  Ralph  Albert 

Sullivan,  John  L. 

Taylor,  John  * 

Tranchand,  R.  x 

Vanderburgh,  Federal  * 

Van  Beuren,  Louis  Folk 

Wade,  Joseph  L.  x 

Wallace,  J.  W.  x 

Warner,  Lewis  Tillman 

Weisse,  J.  A.  x 

Wellman,  Washington  Irving  x 

Westcott,  J.  X 

West,  Edwin 

Wheeler,  E.  G.  x 

Wilsey,  Ferdinand  Little 

Wilson,  Abraham  Duryea  * 

Worrall,  J.  G.  x 

Wilder,  Louis  DeValois  x 

Ward,  A.  B. 

Ward,  John  Augustine 

Wright,  Clark  * 


1858  Ascoli,  Achille  * 

1840  Baker,  David  * 
1853  Barker,  John  * 
1855  Bateman,  H. 

1859  Bates,  Charles  E.  * 

1852  Beebe,  George  R. 
1847  Bennett,  J.  B. 

1857  Bond,  Frank 
1849  Bryant,  Joel 

1847  Burke,  A.  C.  * 

1841  Cox,  George  * 

1848  Culbert,  W.  A.  M.  * 
1859  Gate,  Hamilton  J. 
1859  Dickinson,  John 

1853  Dinsmore,  J.   P. 
i8s3  Doty,  S.  B. 

1853  Duffin,  J.  P.  * 

1849  Dunham,  Carroll 

1854  Elliott,  J.  B.  * 
1854  Fincke,   Bernhard 
1859  Flanders,   A.   H. 

1858  Hahne,  Victor  de 

1848  Hanford,  S.  Cullen  * 

1849  Hanford,   William   H. 

1859  Hawks,  Jonathan  * 
1843  Hull,  Aaron  Cooke  * 
1858  Hunt,  F.  G. 


184s  Hempel,  Charles  J. 

1856  Gilbert,  H.  S. 

i860  Gilbert,  H.  O. 

1848  Guernsey,  Egbert  * 

1846  Guy,  Samuel  S.  * 

1852  Johnson,  F.  G.  * 
1854  Kmg,  O.  R. 
i860  Keep,  Lester  * 
i860  Keep,  J.  Lester 

1853  Lodge,  Edwin  A. 
185s  Macy,  Benjamin  C. 

1852  May,  H.  * 

1853  Minton,   Henry 
1848  Moffat,  R.  C. 

1856  Morrill,  H.  E.  * 

1852  Newcomb,    George  V. 

1852  Orton,  J.  R. 

1854  Palmer,  A.  J. 

1854  Palmer,  G.  W.  * 

1857  Palmer,  W.   W. 

1855  Perrine,  W.  L.  R.  * 
1855  Richter,  U.  A. 

1837  Rockwell,  John 

1833  Richardson,  Edward  T.  * 

1858  Rossman.  J.  (iaul 
1840  Rossman,   Ri^l)ert  * 
1852  Rossiter,   C.   D. 


lot] 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


1856  Saltzwedel,  H. 

i860  Samson,  C.  M. 

i8v  Skiff.  Charles  H.  * 

i860  Skiff.  Charles  W. 

i860  Smith,  J.  W.,  Jr. 

1853  Stamm,  Frederick  F. 

1850  Stansbury,  — 

1856  Stiles,    Henry   R. 

1859  'lalmage,  J.  F. 

1S56  Thomas,    Edward 


List  of  ph>sicians  who  were  practicing 
previous  to  and  including  i860: 


1853  Turner.  John 

1851  Ward,  Isaac  Moreau  * 
1850  Ward,  James  H. 

1856  Watson,  James  L. 

1842  Wells,  Phineas  P.  * 

1859  Wood.  L. 

1850  Wright,  Albert  * 

1852  Wright,  William  * 
1849  Young,  John 

1853  Zimmerman,  — 

homoeopathy  in  New  York  state 


I 


846  Adams,  Henry  *     Coxsackie 

860  Adams,  Ira  R.     Lowville 

859  Adams.  Henry  F.     Canastota 

849  Allen,  Charles  S.     Albany 
840  Allen,  George     Auburn 

858  Allen,  Samuel   S.  *     Angelica 

852  Allen,  Joseph  H.  x     Oswego 
S41  Alley,  William  W.  *     Moravia 

853  Austin,  Alexander  G.     Williamson 
858  Armstrong,  T.  S.  *     Speedsville 

848  Ayres,   Dr.     Havana 

854  Ayres,  Dr.     Brownsville 
857  Bacon,  W.  H.  x     Corning 

845  Bailev.  Silas  *     Watertown 
857  Bailey.  E.  S.  x     Brookfield 

850  Baldwin,  David  A.     Rochester 
852  Baker,  J.  F.  x    Albion 

857  Baker,  C.  x     Clarksville 

852  Ball,  A.  R.  X     Clarkson 

852  Ball,  Jay  x     Virgil 

857  Ball,  W.  L.  X     Homer 

852  Barr,  D.  T.     Ludlowville 

852  Barker,  Daniel  x    Madison 

857  Barnes,  Dr.  x     Spencertown 

852  Batty,  B.  A.  x     Lockport 
857  Beers.  A.  H.  x     Buffalo 

853  Blanchard,  H.  C.     Buffalo 

854  Blancliard.  J.  A.     Rochester 
857  Beakley,  Henry     Peekskill 

846  Bell.  H.  W.     Peekskill 

849  Bartlett,  Rodman     Rhinebeck 

857  Bartlett.  A.  C.  x     Cato 

858  Bass.  Edgar  C.     Cazenovia 

857  Bartlett,  L.  x     Skaneateles 

860  Belding,  Dexter  R.     Malone 

847  Benedict,  H.  S.  *     Havana 
842  Bennet,   Dr.  *     Batavia 

858  Bennett,  A.  M.     Rochester 
840  Bennett,  Hilem  *     Rochester 
845  Baxter,  William  *     Fishkill 
840  Berry,  James  *     Gloversville 
853  Bigelow,  Franklin     Syracuse 

851  Bigelow,  Alfred  G.     Mavsville 
849  Bigelow,  J.  G.     Syracuse 

833  Bigelow.  Thomas  *     Hartford 

^[{7  Bieglcr,  A.  P.     Albany 

837  Hicgler,  Jos.  A.     Rochester 

837  Billings.  Geo.  H.     Cohoes 

83;^  Birnstill,  Joseph     Dunkirk. 


850  Bishop,  David  F.     Lockport 

844  Bishop,  Leverett  *     Sauquoit 

848  Blodgett,  T.  S.  '  Cooperstown 

853  Bloss,  Jabez  P.  *    Troy 

847  Boyce,  Capt.  Wm.  *     Auburn 

852  Bradner,  Ira  S.  *     Scotchtown 

853  Brewster,  A.  J.     Cato 

830  Brooks,  Paschal  P.  *    Alban\ 

848  Brown,  D.  T.     Fredonia 

833  Brown,  Titus  L.     Binghamton 

842  Brown,  Wm.  R.  *     Homer 

852  Brownson,  Dr.  x     Windsor 

842  Bruchhausen,   Caspar     Norwich 

841  Bryan,  Richard  S.  *    Troy 
852  Bryant.  Chas.  G.     Albany 

848  Bucknell,  Hanley  N.  *    Cape  Vincent 

857  Bucknell,  Jr.  *  x     Cape  Vincent 

848  Bull,  Alexander  T.     Buffalo 

857  Bull,  M.  L.  X     Granville 

854  Burdick,  Edwin     Whitesville 

857  Burling,  Dr.     Waverly 

858  Butler,  Charles  F. 

857  Bui-ritt,  —  X     Canandaigua 

857  Buckley,  M.  x     Easton 

857  Burroughs,  G.  W.  x     Poughkcepsie 

857  Burke.  W.  x     Rochester 

857  Bowers.  J..  Jr.  x     Smithtown 

852  Blakcsiv,  J.  M.  x     Livonia 

860  Bullard.  D.  H.  *     Glens  Falls 

852  Brush,  Henrv   N.  x     Moira 

833  Campbell,  M'.  W.     Stillwater, 

836  Carpenter.    Chas.   H.  *     Troy 

844  Cass,  O.  D.  *     Clinton 
846  Case,  Ephriam  *     Clinton 

837  Cate,  H.  J.  X     Poughkcepsie 

842  Cator,  Harvey  H.  *     Kingston 
837  Cator,  John  J.  x     Roxbury 
832  Champlin,  H.  C.  x     Owego 
841  Chase,  Durfee  *     Palmyra 

859  Chase,  Edwin  R.  *     Keeseville 
837  Clark,  L  x     Eaton 

845  Clary,  Lyman  * 

841  Coburn,   Edward  *    Chatham  Corners 

846  Childs,  Amherst  x     Waterloo 
832  Childs,  G.  C.  X     Clyde 

837  Chappell,  A.  W.  x     Pompcy 

837  Churchill.  Dr.  x     Peekskill 

'^'37  Clements,   D.   F.  x     Victoryville 

837  Clements,  Z.  x     \'ictory  Mills 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


107' 


1852  Clements,  J.  x     Victoryville  1857 

1857  Comstock,  A.  L.  *     Buffalo  1852 

1852  Coman,  J.  W.  x     Buffalo  1852 

1852  Cone,  Dr.  x     Coventry  1852 

1857  Coon,  Dr.  x     Weedsport  1857 

1857  Cander,  W.  H.  x     Speedsville  1852 

1850  Camp,  Mr.  H.  W.  (non-grad.)  Owego       1852 

1852  Corbin,  E.  L.  x    Waverly  1844 

1850  Cowell,   C.    (layman)    Spencer  1857 

1842  Coburn.  E.  L.  *  Ghent  1852 
1841  Coburn,  Stephen  *  Ghent  1848 
1846  Cole,  Edgar  B.  Easton  1852 
1S56  Cole,  Sam'l  P.  *  Henderson  1857 
1857  Collins,  —  X     Spafiford  1857 

1840  Cook,  A.  P.  *  Kinderhook  1859 
1838  Cook,  Geo.  W.  *  Hudson  1855 
1850  Cook,  E.  G.     Fredonia  1854 

1849  Cook,  Simeon  A.  *  Troy  1856 
1S60  Cooke,  S.  G.  Stanfordville  1859 
1852  Cornell,  B.  F.  x  Moreau  Station  1852 
1855  Couch,  Asa  S.  Fredonia  1836 
1857  Covert.  I.  X  Deposit  1852 
1859  Cox,  George  A.  Albany  1844 
1852  Cox,  James  W.  Albany  1853 
1857  Crane,  Dr.  x  Holland  Patent  1857 
1857  Crittenden,  J.  x     Morristown  1845 

1841  Crispell,  Garret  *  Kingston  i860 
1845  Crossfield.  C.  C.  Attica  1844 
1852  Culbert,  Wm.  A.  x  Ncwburgh  1852 
1857  Dake,  D.  L.  x  Newark  1852 
1845  Dake,  David  M.  *  Nunda  1852 
1852  Dake,  Chas.  A.  *  Warsaw  1857 
184T  Dake,  C.  M.  *     Genesee  1844 

1850  DcForest.  S.  H.  Havana  1852 
T848  Dunham,  Rufus  C.  *     Canton  Canal         1850 

1845  Dunning,  Dr.  *     Watcrtown  1838 

1846  Doty,  Hilem  *  Baldwinsville  1846 
1850  Doane,  Wm.  C.  Elmira  1856 
1848  Donovan,  T.  W.  New  Brighton  1842 
1850  Dykeman,  H.  H.  x  Cohoes  1852 
1845  Dodge,  Lewis  Buffalo  1848 
1857  DeWolf,  —  X  Bath  1858 
1852  De  LaMontagnie,  J.  x  Fishkill  Ldg.  1847 
1854  Dewey,  Geo.  A.  x  Piatt sburgh  1846 
1852  Duane,  James  x     Duane  1846 

1857  Ely,   E.  X     Binghamton                    '  1853 

1858  Evarts.  Edgar  S.     Cato  1853 

1850  Everett.   D.   E.  *     Modena  1851 

1851  Ely.  W.  A.  *  Hempstead  1857 
1857  Fay,  —  x     Fort   Ann  i8.s7 

1852  Farnam,  L.  D.  *  Almond  i8=i7 
1840  iMeld.  F.  S.  *  Troy  1844 
1852  l''oote,  S.  H.  X  Walton  New  Road  1852 
T848  Foote,  E.  T.  *  Jamestown  1852 
1857  Foote,  H.  R.  X     Utica  18^2 

1850  I'oote.  G.  F.  *  T852 
18,18  Ff)rmes,  —  *     Poughkcepsic  1852 

1843  Freligh,  Martin  *  Saugertics  1851 
1852  Freeman,  G.  W.  CiJcnoove  1846 
1832  l'"rceman.  Geo.  L.  (ilcnlicad  1859 
T857  iMillcr,  H.  R.     Eansingburgh  1850 

1851  Inihnn,  Samuel  J.     Norwich  1832 


Fortune,  J.  x     Canandaigua 
Fox,  C.  W.  X     Morris 
Gage,  J.  L.  x    Leroy 
Garner,  James  x     Constable 
Garret,  R.  x     Morris 
Gross,  J.  E.  X     Clinton 
Hasten,  D.  J.  x     Saratoga  Springs 
Eddy,  H.  L.     Canoga  Village 
Elwood,  L.  X     Schenectady 
Ehrmann,  Lewis  x     Buffalo 
Flagg,  Levi  W.  *     Yonkers 
Fleming,  L.  D.  x     Rochester 
Flowers,   B.  F.  x     LUica 
Fisher,  D.  L.  x     Webster 
Gardner,  M.  M.  *     Holland  Patent 
Gaylord,  Edward  P.  *     Syracuse 
Getman,  Norman  H.     Richfield  Spgs. 
Getman,  Norman  *     Pierpont  Manor 
Gillett,  U.  H.  *     Springfield 
Govan,  William  x   North  Haverstrav\7 
Graham,  J.  H.  A.  *     Berne 
Gray,  Patrick  W.  x     Buffalo 
Gray,  Alfred  W.     Portland 
Gregg,  R.  R.     Buffalo 
Gerow,  Stephen  W.     New  Paltz 
Gulick,  William  *     Watkins 
Guiwitz,  Abram  *     Salisbury  Centre 
Guernsey,  C.  P.  *     Clinton 
Gorton,  Wm.  R.  x     Skaneateles 
Gove,  Geo.  V.  R.  x     Fort  Covington 
Goodspeefd,  J.  L.  x     Burke 
Graves.  E.  x     Nelson 
Green,  Jeremiah  x     Utica 
Green,  PI.  x     Peoria 
Hadley,  Hiram  *     Boonville 
Hall,    .A.  *     Poughkeepsie 
Hall,  L.  B.     Baldwinsville 
Hall,  Geo.  A.     Westfield 
Haight,  Charles  *     Poughkeepsie 
Hand,  S.  D.  x     Binghamton 
Hannum.  Dr.  *     Hainesville 
Harter,  Dr.  *     Salisburj' 
Harris,  C.  F.  *     Binghamton 
Havens,  S.  F.  x     Cortlandville 
Haven,  Simeon  Z.  *     Utica 
Hawley,  L.  B.     Delhi 
Hawley,  William  A.  * 
Hawley,  William  H.     Syracuse 
Hennery,  —  x     Hallsville 
Holbrook,  P.  R.  x     Keeseville 
Merrick,  S.  x     Hoos;ck 
Heath.  PL  H.  x     Seneca  Falls 
Hosford,  O.  T.  x     Malone 
Hopkins.  Dr.  x     Quincy 
Hayes,  F.   B.  x     Cuba 
Hewitt,  Dr.  x     Farmcrsville 
Heming,  L.  D.  x     Canandaigua 
Hedeuberg,  James     'i'roy 
Pledges,  Wm.  .S.  *     Jamestown 
Hill.  Charles  J.    Utica 
Hindlev.  .Alonzo  S.     Buffalo 
Hoffcndahl.  C.   F.     Albany 


108 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1852  Hoffman,  Ernst  F.  *     Poughkeepsie  1857 

1857  Holden,  A.  W.  *  Glens  Falls  1852 
1854  Hornby,  John  *     Poughkeepsie  1852 

1858  Horton,  Heman  B.  *     Eden  1852 

1851  Hotchkiss,  J.  T.  *     Bloomingrove  1857 

1852  Houghton,  H.  A.     Keeseville  1852 

1852  Houghton,  A.  x     St.  Andrew  1852 

1853  Howe,  E.  C.  *  Troy  1846 
1844.  Howe,  Israel  Rushville  1850 
1846  Hoyt,  Wm.  H.  Salina  1857 
1840  Hubbard,  Henry  C.  Scott  1858 
1852  Hull,  Amos  G.  x  Newburgh  1852 
1842  Humphreys,  E.  *  Auburn  1842 
1850  Humphreys,  F.  Auburn  1857 
1852  Hunt,  W.  W.  Candor  1855 
1849  Hurd,  Edwin  H.  *  Rochester  1842 
1846  Hurd,   George  *     Fayetteville  1852 

1852  Huntington,  D.  N.  x  Malone  1850 
1842  Huson,  Richard  *    Dundee  .... 

1857  Huson,  S.  K.  X     Dundee  1857 

1853  Ingham.  Geo.  W.     Elmira  1852 

1842  Jayne.  DeWitt  C.  *     Florida  1845 

1858  Jernigan,  C.  P.  *  Saugerties  1848 
1852  Jolls,  Augustus  Albany  1848 
1844  Jones,  Erasmus  D.  *     Keeseville  i860 

1856  Jones,  Henry  C.     Mount  Vernon  1847 

1852  Jones,  Reuben  x     Keeseville  1852 

1846  Jones,  C.  D.  *    Albany  1852 

1857  Johnson,  H.  x     Mayfield  1852 

1858  Kellogg,  George    Troy  1857 

1847  Kellogg,  John  L.  *  Bridgewater  1843 
1857  Kellogg,  A.  D,  X     Wolcott  1857 

1846  Kenyon,  L.  M.  *  Westfield  1852 
1857  Kcyes,  Alvah  E.  Jamestown  1857 
1857  Keys,  D.  C.  x     Corning  1852 

1848  Kiersted,  J.  A.  Saugerties  1852 
....  Kirk,  Isaac  E.     Hudson  1857 

1853  Kinne,  Theodore  Y.  1857 
•1844  Knapp,   Franklin   L.  *     Gasport  1852 

1854  Knapp,  Theodore  P.  *  Union  .... 
1852  Knapp,  J.  P.  x  St.  Andrews  1840 
1857  Kornbach.  —  *  Poughkeepsie  1845 
T842  Kimball.  D.  S.  *  Sackett's  Harbor  1857 
1852  Kendrick,  —  x     Granville  1857 

1857  Kingsley,  W.  J.  C.  x    Rome  1852 

1843  Leman,  E.  H.  *  1857 

1859  Landon,  Eliza  T.  Fredonia  1852 
1852  Lansing,  G.  C.  *  Rhinebeck  1846 
1863  Lansing.  B.  *     Hyde  Park  1852 

1858  Landt.  William     Mohav.k  1852 

1855  Laurie.  P.  B.  *     Rhinebeck  1852 

1847  Lilicnthal,  Samuel  *  Haverstraw  1838 
1S40  Lillie,  James  *  Rhinebeck  1849 
1858  Little.  Edward  *  Oneida  1843 
1857  Loomis,  D.  D.  x     Bridgewater  1852 

1844  Loomis,  Isaac  G.  *  Westmoreland  1847 
1847  Lorillard,  George  1853 
1840  Lovcjoy,  Ezekiel  *  Owego  1856 
1857  Loucks.  J.  x  Lyme  1852 
1857  Marien.  L.  J.  x  Northampton  1842 
7852  Manning,  Warren  L.  x  Ft.  Covington  T858 
1852  Lathrop,  E.  x     Syracuse  T852 


Lakin,  E.  L.  x    Jamestown 
Lawrence,  Dr.  x     Port  Jervis 
Lackey,  S.  M.  x     Rochester 
Leggatt,  C.  J.  X     Flushing 
Levanway,  W.  A.  x    Lyons 
Lewis,  Geo.  W.  x    Buffalo 
Lewis,  George  x    Rochester 
Lewis,  Edwin  W.     Watkins 
Lewis,  Dioclesian  x     Buffalo 
Loersch,  P.  x     Buffalo 
Macy,  Benj.  C.     Dobbs  Ferry 
Mather,  Thaddeus  x     Binghamton 
Matthews,  Moses  M.  *    Rochester 
Maura,  J.  P.  x    Adams 
Merritt,  J.  F.  *     Pleasant  Plains 
McCarty,  Lewis  *    Throopsville 
McGonegal,  H.  G.     Marcellus 
Melvin,  John     Shortsville 
Mitchell,  G.  H.     Saratoga  Springs 
Mitchell,  John  J.     Newburgh 
Morgan,  Alonzo  R.     Svracuse 
Morgan,  Louis  S.     Gowanda 
Mosher,  Charles  *     Shagticoke 
Mosher,  James  P.  *     Shagticoke 
Mosher.  J.  C.     Pittstown 
Mott,  Orville  H.     Fort  Edward 
Moore,  Samuel  x    Lyons 
Mower.  John  W.    West  Schuyler 
Mull.  Philip  W.    Ghent 
Mull,  G.  H.  X    Ghent 
Munger,  Erastus  A.  *    Waterville 
Minier,  Wm.  E.  x     Elmira 
McCall,  S.  H.  X    Batavia 
Manter,  —  x     Corning 
Marvin,  Harvey  x     Evans 
Mason,  —  x     Galesville 
Morse,  A.  W.  x     Hamilton 
Morse,  G.  S.  x     Waterville 
Morgan,  Edward  J.  x     Ithaca 
McLaren,  P.  M.     Morristown    , 
Mai  in,  George  W.  *     Naples 
Meacham.  Isaac  J.  *     Nunda 
McClellan.  C.  H.  x     Poughkeepsie 
Miller.  Frederick  x     Sing  Sing 
Nelson.  Thomas  J.  x     Kingston 
Noble.  O.   E.  x     Penn   Van 
Norton,  S.  S.  x    Vernon 
Ormes,  Cornelius  *     Panama 
Ostrom,  J.  X     Goshen 
Osborn.  O.  x     Schoharie 
Owen,  J.  N.  x     Sherburne 
Paine.  Henry  D.     Albany 
Paine,  Horace  M.     Albany 
Paine,  John  Alsop  *     Albany 
Parker.  C.  M.  x     De  Rnyter 
Parker.  Charles  *     Fredonia 
Parson.  Ovin  C.     Newark 
Palmer.  Geo.  B.     East  Hamilton 
Peabody.  Ira  W.  x    Vestal 
Peterson,  P.  H.     Auburn 
Pearsall,  S.  J.     Saratoga  Springs 
Patrick.  Abram  x     Cobbleskill 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCF.OPATHY 


109- 


1854  Pettit,  Thos.  J.     Fort  Plain 

1858  Peck,  Oliver  J.  *     North  Chatham 
1848  Peer,  Geo.  W.     Rochester 

1846  Peak,  J.  M.  x  *     Cooperstown 

1852  Perkins,   S.  G.  x     Waterford 

1853  Perrine.  Geo.  W.  *     Pittsford 
1852  Phillips.   J.   G.  X      Sherman 
1841  Phillips,  John  *     Kindcrhuok 
1857  Phillips.   S.  X     Catskill 

1852  Phelps,  Elias  P.  x     Fort  Plain 

1852  Phillips,  J.    S.  x      Ansterlit/ 

1841  Phillips,  John  *     Columbia 

1857  Piatt,  J.  H.  X     Albany 

1845  Poole,  A.  *     Oswego 

1845  Potter,  E.  A.  *     Oswego 

1852  Potter,  E.  T.  V.  x     Moravia 

1857  Potter,  F.  W.  x     Oswego 

1857  Potter,  Asaph  LeRov     Dundee 

1856  Pelton,  S.  *     Wellsville 

1859  Peterson,  Orton  W.     Waterloo 

1852  Peterson,  P.  H.  x     Union  Springs 

1853  Pomeroy,  T.  F.     Utica 

1847  Potwine,  Benjamin  *     Corry 

1854  Pratt,  L.  M.     Albany 
185T  Purdy,  W.  S.  *     Corning 

1857  Prime,  A.  x     White  Plains 

1855  Quick,  Theodore     Milton 
1857  Randall,  W.  W.  X     Mexico 
1851  Randall,  Wm.  H.     Albany 

1851  Raymond,  Jonas  G.     Utica 
1857.  Read,  T.  W.  x  *     Elmira 

1844  Rice,  F.  *     Cazenovia 

1857  Richardson,  S.  x     Syracuse 

1857  Roberts,  M.  P.  x     Gowanda 

1852  Roberts,  G.  W.  x     Greene 

1857  Reynolds,  O.  x    Webster 

1845  Richardson,  E.  T.  *     Syracuse 

1848  Ring,  Tobias  S.     Yorkville 
1845  Roberts,  Elisha 

1840  Robinson,  Horatio  *     Auburn 

1858  Robinson,  S.  A.  W.     New  Brighton 
1847  Roe.  L.  S.     Schenectady 

1854  Rosa,  W.  V.  *     Waterloo 

1838  Rosenstein.  I.  G.     Albany 

1839  Rossman,  Robert  *     Hudson 

1845  Rogers,  E.  W.     Watkins 

1857  Royston,  T.  P.  x     Seneca  Falls 

1857  Russell,  A.  W.  X     Albany 

1857  Search,  —  x     West  Granville 

1852  Searle,  J.  x     Granville 

1857  Scofield,   E.  X     Poughkeepsie 

i860  Scott,  Fremont  W.     Modena 

1S49  Scudder,  Samuel  O.     Rome 

1852  Seward,  W.  x     Liverpool 

1859  Searle.  Wm.  S.     Troy 
1857  Seeley,  Nathaniel  R. 

1846  Seward.  Stephen  *     Liverpool 

1849  Seymour,  S.  *     Rome 
1852  .Sibley,  S.  Louis  x     Tthaca 
1839  Sier.e,   Emanuel     Albany 

1845  Sloan.  Ja'-'-'Os  D.  *     Sing  Sing 

1855  .Slnciini.  ?\li)rtinicr 


832  Skiflf,  Charles  H,  *     Albany 

860  Sloan,   Henry   S.     Binghamton 

858  Smith,  R.  G.     Rochester 

860  Smith,    Henry   W.     Rushville 

842  Smith,  Ezra  P.  K.     Moravia 

857  Smith,   G.  X     Phoenix 

857  Southwick,  David  E.     Ogdensburg. 

852  Smith,  H.  E.  x     Rochester 

839  Spaulding,  Dr.  *     Flushing 

846  Springsteed,  D.  *     Bethlehem 

847  Sprague,  Ezra  B.  *     Owego 

846  Spencer,  Nathan  *     Herkimer 
852  Spooner,  Stillman  x     Wampsville 
857  Stebbins,  N.  x     Clinton 

854  Stebbins,  J.  H.     Geneva 

857  Stebbins,  Wm.  B.  *  x     Little  Falls- 

857  Stevens,  C.  D.  x     Cortlandville 

841  Stevens,  Chas.  A.     Buffalo 

845  Stewart,  Samuel  W.  *     Clinton 

848  Stockton,  C.  L.  *  Ripley 
852  Stone,  Joshua  Randolph 
854  Stow,  Timothy  D.     Mexico 

856  Strong,  Walter  D.  O.  K.  *     Owasco- 

850  Stone,  Henry  E.  *     Otego 

857  Steenburg,  —  x     Dunning  Street 
857  Stanton,  J.  B.  x     Ellicottville 
857  Sayles,  H.  x     Elmira 

857  Schell,  T.  C.  X     Geneseo 

847  Stoddard,  J.  L.  *    Glens  Falls 

846  Swift,  Charles  E.     Ithaca 

851  Schenck,  Benj.  B.  *     Plainville 

852  Schuch,  Chas.  E.  x     Rochester 
852  Sherman,  Stephen  x     Lyons 

858  Sullivan,  N.  B.  *  Plainville 
857  Shuld,  P.  X     Warren 

852  Sullings,  Hervey  x     Batavia 

8=;6  Sumner,  Charles    Rochester 

.\.  Shattuck,  A.     Buffalo 

857  Sunderlin,  —  x     Hammondsport 

848  Switz,  Harman  Schenectady 
852  Talmadge,  Rufus  x  Enfield 
852  Throop,  B.  F.  x     Palmyra 

852  Thorp,  John  H.     Whitesville 

858  Tisdale,  T.  P.     Lowville 

859  Todd,  W.  S.,  Sr.  *    Angelica 

856  Towner,  Enoch,  Jr.     Turin 
844  Tracy,  L.  M.  *     Fairfield 
846  Towner,  Daniel  A.  *     Elmira 

857  Tuttle,  Dr.  x     Oneida 

846  Van  Buren,  Roswcll  *     Frewsburg 

838  Vanderburgh,  F.  *     Poughkeepsie 

853  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  S.     Randolph 
852  Valk,  W.  W.  X    Flushing 

857  Von  Wackerbarth,  Dr.  x     Narrows- 
burgh 

857  Warren,  S.  C.  x     Otego 

857  Washburn.  G.  x     lUica 

852  Van  Vleck,  —  x     Valatia 

852  Wager.  J.  L.  x     Ithaca 

857  Wager,  W.  L.  x     Deposit 

S32  Ward,  Isnac  M.  *     Albany 

844  Warner.  N.   U.     Buffalo 


110 

i854 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1846 
1852 

1855 
i8;6 

1854 
1859 
1852 

1857 
1857 
1857 
1852 
1852 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


Watson,  Will.  H.     Utica  1857 

Ward,  H.  R.  x     Oriskany  Falls  1857 

Weed,  Hiland  A.     Jordan  185 1 

Wellman,  W.  I.  x     Friendship  1847 

Wells,  Liicien  B.  *     Pompey  1852 

Weeks,  Benj.  x     Fulton  1846 

Wheeler,  Jared  P.     Brighton  1850 

White,  Joseph  R.     Butternuts  1852 

White,  Joseph  N.     Amsterdam  1854 

White,  Theodore  C.     Rochester  T843 

Whitney,  J.  I.  x     Bainbridge  1858 

W^ilber,  E.  C.  x     Dundee  1844 

Wallrath.  C.   H.  x     Evans  Mills  1847 

Wisner,  G.  S.  x     Florida  185.3 

White,  Daniel  x     Geneva  1S40 
Wilder,  Louis  DeV.  x     Geneva 


West,  Dr.  x     Warsaw 
Woodbury,  Dr.  x     Pompey 
Wilbur,  Charles  A. 
Williams.  E.  D. 
Wright,  J.  C.  X     Newtown 
Witherill,  E.  C.  x     Canandaigua 
Witherill,  A.  A.     Union 
Woodward,  J.  W.  x     Dobbs  Ferry 
Woodruff,  Charles  S.     Troy 
Wolcott,  Wm.  G.  *     Westfield 
Wright,  Andrew  R.     Buffalo 
Wright,  Noah  H.  *    Buffalo 
Wright,  Ira  *     Watertown 
Wright.  W^m.  *     Fort  Edward 
Wright.  Albert     Williamsburg 


II 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCF.OPATHV  111 


CHAPTER    VI 

HO>rOEOPATHY    IN    PENNSYLVAXIA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  INI.   D. 

Introductory  Remarks — Primacy  of  Pennsylvania  in  Homoeopathic  Institutions — Homoe- 
opathic Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania — Other  State  and  Local  Societies — Allen- 
town  Academy — Recollections  of  Early  Practitioners — Detwiller,  the  Prescriber — 
Wesselhoeft  and  Freytag,  the.  Founders — Becker  and  Helfrich,  the  Preacher  Phy- 
sicians— Ihm,  the  Pioneer  in  Philadelphia — Hering,  the  Prover,  Philosopher,  Scien- 
tist and  Founder — Brief  Allusion  to  other  Early  Practitioners — Lists  of  Pioneer 
Physicians — Homoeopathic    Dispensaries. 

HomcEopath}'  gained  a  foothold  in  Pennsylvania  in  much  the  same  man- 
ner as  the  system  was  planted  in  New  York,  and  within  three  years  after 
Gram  left  the  New  England  coast  and  settled  permanently  in  the  great 
metropolis  of  America.  As  was  Gram  to  homoeopathy  in  New  York,  so  was 
Detwiller  to  the  new  system  in  Pennsylvania,  yet  in  the  latter  commonwealth 
greater  prominence  seems  to  have  been  given  to  the  introduction  of  Hahne- 
mann's doctrine  than  in  the  former;  and  in  Pennsylvania  all  chroniclers  of 
■contemporary  history  have  dated  its  advent  to  the  day  when  Detwiller  admin- 
istered the  first  homoeopathic  dose.  And  unlike  Gram  in  New  York,  Detwil- 
ler in  Pennsylvania  from  the  time  he  began  to  investigate  homoeopathy  was 
encouraged  by  the  sympathy  and  assistance  of  zealous  co-workers.  Wessel- 
hoeft and  Freytag,  and  soon  afterward  by  acquisitions  from  abroad  and  the 
converts  they  made  among  the  German  settlers  in  the  locality  in  which  the 
scene  of  their  early  experiences  was  laid. 

Although  the  Hahnemannian  doctrine  was  first  planted  in  New  York 
and  afterward  in  Pennsylvania,  the  latter  in  some  respects  holds  primacy  in 
the  establishment  of  institutions  and  the  natural  development  of  the  homoe- 
opathic system.  Indeed,  there  seems  to  have  been  less  onposition  to  contend 
against  and  overcome  in  the  Kevstone  state  than  in  New  York,  which  may 
in  part  be  accounted  for  in  the  fact  that  in  Pennsylvania  homceopathy  first 
found  lodgment  in  a  part  of  the  state  remote  from  its  metrojwlis,  and  the 
practitioners  had  gained  a  strong  foothold  with  the  people  when  Ihm  set  him- 
self up  as  a  practitioner  of  the  new  school  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Again, 
in  less  than  eight  years  after  Detwiller  and  Wesselhoeft  had  made  their 
first  practical  demonstrations  of  homoeopathy  the  numl^er  of  converts  had  so 
increased  that  a  medical  society  was  formed,  and  just  a  little  later  these  same 
determined  pioneers  had  the  courage  to  go  beyond  society  organization  and 
found  a  school  of  homceopathic  medical  instruction.  The  so-called  Allentown 
Academy  was  the  result  of  their  enterprise,  and  while  that  institution  was 
destined  to  a  brief  existence  it  always  has  figured  in  historv  as  the  first  insti- 
tution of  its  kind  in  the  world ;  and  after  it  had  passed  out  of  being  some  of 
its  best  elements  were  utilized  in  founding  the  Plomceopathic  Medical  College 
of    IVnnsvlvania.    which    was    organized    in    Philadelphia    in    1848.      The   two 


112  11  fST(  )K Y  ( )1-   1  lOMCEOPATHY 

schools  were  (|uitf  unlike  in  manv  respects,  yet  the  experiences  of  the  first 
en.leavor  were  (.f  threat  vahie  in  !a\inii  the  foundation  of  the  latter  institu- 
tion. 

THE    HOMOEOPATIIIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY   OF    PENNSVIAANIA.    , 

Tlie  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  while 
not  the  first  organization  of  its  character  in  the  state,  is  nevertheless  of  first 
importance  and  is  regarded  as  the  conservator  of  the  peace  and  dignity  of 
the  homoeopathic  profession  and  its  other  societies  the  extent  of  whose  author- 
ity and  jurisdiction  is  less  than  that  of  the  mother  organization.  The  State 
Society,  as  commonly  known,  was  organized  at  a  convention  of  physicians 
held  June  5,  1866,  in  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Pittsburgh  in  pursuance 
of  a  call  emanating  from  the  Allegheny  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Soci- 
ety. This  informal  meeting  Avas  called  to  order  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Burgher  of 
Pittsburgh,  who  stated  briefly  the  object  of  assembling  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  of  the  state.  Dr.  J.  P.  H.  Frost  was  chosen  chairman  and  Dr. 
Bushrod  W.  James  secretary  pro  tem.  An  informal  organization  was  then 
perfected  and  a  committee  of  one  from  each  county  Avas  appointed  to  prepare 
a  constitution  and  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the  society's  affairs.  These 
preliminaries  being  settled  the  convention  proceeded  to  perfect  a  permanent 
organization  by  electing  officers  for  the  ensuing  year,  as  follows:  Dr.  J.  B. 
Wood  of  West  Chester,  president;  Drs.  J.  H.  P.  Frost  of  Philadelphia  and 
J.  C.  Burgher  of  Pittsburgh,  vice-presidents ;  Bushrod  W.  James  of  Phila- 
delphia, recording  secretary ;  Robert  J.  McClatchey  of  Philadelphia,  corre- 
sponding secretary;  David  Cowley  of  Pittsburgh,  treasurer;  Coates  Preston 
of  West  Chester,  Robert  Faulkner  of  Erie,  and  H.  H.  Hoffman  of  Pittsburgh, 
censors. 

Thus  permanently  organized  and  officered  the  society  began  its  active 
career  and  history,  and  during  the  period  of  its  existence  in  all  later  years  it 
has  been  instrumental  in  promotmg  and  safeguarding  the  interests  of  the 
homoeopathic  profession  in  the  Keystone  state,  and  through  its  members  has 
exercised  an  influence  for  good  in  directing  the  aifairs  of  that  greater  body, 
the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  There  were  thirty  original  members 
of  the  society,  all  of  whom  were  subscribers  to  the  constitution.  In  the  course 
of  the  next  year  the  membership  increased  to  seventy-one,  and  in  the  third 
year  to  ninety-eight.  In  1903  the  society,  numbered  three  hundred  and  fifty- 
eight  members,  which  represented  about  one-half  the  strength  of  the  profes- 
sion in  the  state. 

The  policy  of  the  society  ever  has  been  to  hold  its  annual  meetings  in 
diflferent  cities.  Previous  to  1873  these  meetings  were  held  in  Mav  or  )\me, 
and  since  then  in  September  or  October;  now  they  are  held  in  the  former 
month.  Transactions  have  been  published  since  the  society  was  first  organ- 
ized. The  first  six  volumes  were  issued  in  paper  covers  and  later  ones  in 
substantial  cloth  binding.  In  1889  the  societv  published  a  repertory  to  Her- 
ing's  "Condensed  Materia  :\Iedica."  Several'  important  annual  addresses  bv 
presidents  of  the  societv  also  have  been  published. 

The  Hahnemannian  Society  was  the  pioneer  organization  of  homoeopathy 
in  Pennsylvania  and  indeed  in  the  entire  countrv,  and  dates  its  historv  to 
April  10.  1833,  when  Drs.  Ihm,  Bute.  Matlack,  Hering  and  Wesselhoeft.  with 
a  few  laymen,  associated  themselves  for  the  purpose  of  disseminating  among 
the  people  some  knowledge  of  the  historv  and  doctrines  of  homoeopathv.  and 


HISTORY  OF  HO-MCEOPATHY  113 

its  advant^ii^cs  over  other  methods  of  medical  treatment.  In  pursnance  of 
this  desii^n  Dr.  Herins^-  prepared  an  interestinj^-  address,  an  EngUsh  version 
of  whicli.  furnished  by  Dr.  Alatlack.  was  read  before  the  society  April  i8, 
1833.  and  was  afterward  published  under  the  title  of  "A  Concise  \^iew  of  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  Plomoeopathic  Medicine."  This  address  and  notices  of 
it  by  the  pi  ess  were  the  means  of  promoting  to  a  considerable  extent  the  de- 
sign contemplated  b}-  its  publication.  The  society  having  issued  this  brochure, 
anrl  having  addressed  a  letter  to  Hahnemann,  informing  him  of  its  formation 
on  the  anniversary  of  his  birth,  and  bearing  his  name,  was  succeeded  by 
another  society,  from  membership  in  which  laymen  were  excluded,  and  which 
was  known  as  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  organized 
in  1838,  with  a  membership  of  physicians  only.  This  was  the  first  regularly 
constituted  homoeopathic  society  in  the  city  of  "Brotherly  Lx)ve." 

Another  notable  organization  of  Hahnemann's  disciples  of  which  chron- 
iclers of  homceopathic  history  in  Pennsylvania  have  given  little  account  was 
that  known  as  the  Homoeopathic  Society  of  Northampton  and  Counties  Adja- 
cent, which  was  formed  soon  after  the  Hahnemannian  Societ\-.  and  of  which 
Detwiller  many  years  ago  gave  this  description  :  'Tn  1834,  23d  of  August, 
the  Homoeopathic  Society  of  Northampton  and  Adjoining  Counties  was 
formed  by  Drs.  W^sselhoeft,  Fre}tag,  Romig,  myself  and  Rev.  Christian  J. 
Becker,  D.  D.  The  object  of  the  association  was  the  advancement  of  homce- 
opathy  amongst  its  members— by  interchange  of  experience  and  reciprocal 
encouragement  to  persevere  in  the  studv  and  spread  of  the  doctrine  and  prac- 
tice of  similia  similibus  curantur."  The  meeting  at  which  the  society  was 
organized  was  attended  by  several  notable  characters  in  earlv  homceopathic 
history  in  Pennsylvania.  They  were  Wesselhoeft,  Freytag.  Romig,  Detwil- 
ler, Becker,  the  minister,  Joseph  H.  Pulte,  afterward  founder  of  a  homoe- 
opathic medical  college  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  J.  C.  Gosewich,  assistant  to  Wes- 
selhoeft, Rev.  R.  Wohlfrath,  Gustav  Reichhelm  the  pioneer  homoeopath  west 
of  the  Allegheny  mountains.  Rev.  John  Helfrich  and  Rev.  Mr.  Waage.  The 
first  officers  of  the  society  were  E.  Freytag,  president;  William  ^^'esselhoeft, 
vice-president;  Rev.  C.  Becker,  recording  secretary;  Henry  Detwiller.  corre- 
.sponding  secretary  and  librarian. 

For  more  than  half  a  century  Pennsylvania  has  been  the  home  of  manv 
important  medical  societies  and  associations,  some  of  them  district  organiza- 
tions and  others  of  a  purely  local  character.  The  older  of  these  are  the  Alle- 
gheny County  Medical  Society,  organized  November  25,  1864,  and  still  exist- 
ing; Allegheny  County  Anatomical  Society,  organized  October  19,  1864, 
incorporated  December  4,  1865 ;  Allegheny  County  Materia  Medica  Club, 
May  3,  1875 ;  American  Provers'  Union,  organized  at  Philadelphia.  August 
15,  1853;  Beaver  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  January  8.  1883; 
Berks  and  Schuylkill  Counties  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  November  9, 
1869;  Boenninghausen  Club  of  Philadelphia,  November,  1867;  Chester  Coun- 
ty Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  September  5,  1858 ;  Chester  Organon  Club, 
1887;  Crawford  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  July  28,  1882:  Cum- 
berland Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  May  8,  1866;  Dauphin  County 
Homceopathic  Medical  Society,  1866;  Erie  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  July  t,  1891;  Farrington  Materia  Medica  Club  of  Allegheny  County, 
1888;  Germantown  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society.  October,  1879;  German- 
town  HomcTeopathic  Medical  Club,  about  1889;  Hahnomannian  .Association  of 
Penns\]yania.    organized    in     I 'hilade]])hia,    OctoIxT       11,     1887:    Hahnemann 


114  HISTORY  OF  IIOMa-:OPATMY 

Club  of  Philadelphia,  January,  1874;  llahnemanuian  Society,  organized  at 
Philadelphia.  April  10,  1833,  the  first  homoeopathic  society  in  America;  Hahne- 
mann Medical  Society  of  Reading",  November  23,  1882;  Plahnemann  Medical 
Institute,  a  students'  society  organized  1849-1850;  Hering  Club  of  Phila- 
delp.hia,  JX'cember  20.  1880;  Homceopathic  Medical  Council  of  Pennsylvania, 
November  24,  1880;  Lehigh  \'alley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  March  24, 
1881  ;  Lippe  Society  of"  Philadelphia,  January  5,  1880;  Luzerne  County 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1868;  Northeastern  Philadelphia  Society  of 
Homoeopathic  Physicians.  February  9,  1883;  Northwestern  Pennsylvania 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  July  5.  1866;  Northwestern  Pennsylvania 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  "January  13,  1874;  Northern  Pennsylvania 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  June  20.  1882;  Northampton  and  Adjacent 
Counties  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  August  23.  1834;  Organon 
and  Materia  Mcdica  Society,  November  6,  1888:  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic 
Pharmaceutical  Association,  April  9,  1881,  incorporated  October  3.  1881  ; 
F^hiladclphia  Branch  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  organized  at 
Philadel])hia  June  6.  1846;  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  Clinical  Society,  1877; 
Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1838;  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  July  19.  1852 ;  Philadelphia  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  April  13,  1859;  Philadelphia  Medical  Club,  1882;  Women's  Homoe- 
opathic Association  of  Pennsylvania,  1883-1884;  Women's  Homoeopathic  Med- 
ical Club  of  Philadelphia,  October  15,  1883;  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Homoe- 
opathic Hospital  of  Philadelphia  for  Sick  and  Wounded  Soldiers,  Septem- 
ber 8,  1862;  Pittsburgh  ^Microscopical  Society.  1881  ;  Doctors'  Round  Table 
Club  of  Allegheny  County,  1891  ;  .Schuylkill  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  July  28,  1883 :  Scranton  Homoeopathic  Clinical  Club,  March,  1892 ; 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  Twenty-Third  Ward,  Philadelphia.  Octo- 
ber 21,  t88i  ;  Homoeopathic  Medical  Societv  of  Western  Pennsylvania.  Au- 
gust 3,   1881  ;  West  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association.   1882. 

ALLEXTOWN    ACADEMY. 

In  reality  there  never  was  an  institution  in  existence  under  the  proper 
name  of  Allentown  Academy,  yet  for  convenient  designation  that  name  was 
assumed  in  preference  to  that  adopted  by  the  founders — The  North  American 
Academy  of  the  Homa-opathic  Healing  Art;  btit  under  whatever  name  the 
institution  was  brought  into  existence  it  was  the  first  school  of  homoeopathic 
medical  instruct'on  in  the  world,  and  as  such  is  worthy  a  place  in  Pennsyl- 
vania homa^opathic  history,  although  it  is  also  made  the  subject  of  somewhat 
extended  mention  in  the  chapter  devoted  particularly  to  the  old  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and  its  successor,  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia.  It  may  be  said,  however,  that  the  events  narrated 
in  this  chapter  relate  to  elements  of  history  which  are  not  specially  treated 
in  the  college  article,  hence  the  double  mention  must  not  be  regarded  as  a 
duplication    of   subject   matter. 

The  so-called  Allentown  Academy  had  its  inception  in  the  Homoeopathic 
Society  of  Northampton  and  Counties  Adjacent,  to  which  reference  has  been 
made,  and  also,  although  in  a  less  degree,  to  that  pioneer  organization  of 
homeopathy  in  this  state  known  as  the  Hahnemannian  Association.  The  estab- 
lishment of  this  society,  the  circulation  of  Hering's  pamphlet,  and  the  other 
efforts  of  the  friends  of  homoeopathy  at  an  earlv  dav  excited  considerable 
interest  not  onlv  among  the  clergy  and  other  laymen  but  among  physicians. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


115 


and  many  of  the  latter  \Yere  disposed  to  investis^ate  the  new  doctrine ;  but  it 
was  soon  found  that  there  was  need  of  some  method  by  which  the  principles 
of  homoeopathy  could  be  taught.  Bering's  plan  was  to  devise  a  course  of 
lectures  on  the  subject,  and  to  encourage  students  of  medicine  to  learn  the 
German   language    in   order   to   understand   and  appreciate   the   value   of  the 


Allentown   Academy. 

founder's  teachings.  At  the  same  time  the  members  of  the  Northampton  soci- 
ety felt  the  need  "of  a  school  for  the  teaching  of  homoeopathy,  and  in  writing 
on  the  subject  Det wilier  said  that  as  early  as  December  30,  1833,  Wesselhoeft, 
Romig  and  himself  waited  on  Hering  in  Philadelphia  and  adopted  a  plan 
which  ultimately  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the  academy.  The  plans 
were  maturecl  on   Hering's  birthday,  January    i,   1834.  and   provided   for  an 


lit;  1 1 1ST(  )KY  (  »!•    I  K  )M(EOPATHY 

academy  to  be  located  in  Allentown.  with  Hering  as  president  and  principal 
instructor,  for  which  purpose  he  was  to  remove  to  that  place  from  Philadel- 
phia "as  soon  as  they  would  i^uarantee  him  a  salary  equal  to  that  of  a  first 
class  Allentown  clergyman." 

The  plans  of  the  founders  contemplated  the  procuring  of-  a  charter  from 
the  legislature  through  the  influence  of  the  homceopaths  in  Northampton  and 
Lehigh  counties,  which  being  accomplished,  Wesselhoeft  proposed  to  invite 
there  medical  students  who  attended  the  allopathic  colleges  for  instruction, 
during  the  summer  months,  there  being  no  summer  courses  at  that  time,  and 
that  thev  should  have  the  benefit  of  lectures  devoted  to  the  science  and  appli- 
cation of  pure  homo-opathy.  Such  a  thing  as  opposition  from  any  source 
was  not  thought  of.  as  there  was  to  be  no  interference  with  the  regular  courses 
in  other  schools,  but  such  violent  opposition  and  bitterness  of  feeling  as  was- 
soon  aroused  was  as  surprising  as  it  was  unwarranted. 

The  commendable  purpose  of  the  founders  was  to  devote  considerable 
time  during  the  winter  months  to  the  preparation  of  text  works  with  which 
to  promulgate  the  doctrines  of  homoeopathy ;  also  to  pledge  all  students  to 
continue  their  courses  in  other  schools,  except  those  who  came  for  the  express- 
purpose  of  perfecting  themselves  in  homoeopathy  alone.  All  books  previously 
published  on  the  subject  of  homoeopathy  were  to  be  translated  into  English. 

Another  original  ])urpose  of  the  founders  was  to  organize  a  stock  com- 
pany for  the  purchase  of  land  and  the  erection  of  an  academy  building.  For 
this  object  about  one  hundred  subscribers  from  Allentown.  Bethlehem,  Phila- 
delphia and  New  York  did  create  a  fund  sufficient  to  purchase  a  tract  of  land 
comprising  one  entire  square  in  the  very  center  of  Allentown.  The  greater 
part  of  this  fund  was  in  fact  raised  in  Philadelphia  through  the  eflforts  of 
William  Geisse,  who  is  said  to  have  been  the  real  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in 
that  city. 

According  to  the  original  plans,  which  as  a  matter  of  fact  were  not  fully 
carried  out.  the  academy  building  was  to  comprise  a  main  structure  with  two 
wings,  each  forty  by  sixty  feet  in  size,  three  stories  high,  and  of  brick  con- 
struction, and  another  two  story  building  for  use  as  a  chemical  laboratory 
and  also  for  anatomical  and  dissecting  purposes;  for  these  old  patriarchs  of 
honifjeopathy  had  in  mind  the  establishment  of  a  college  curriculum  which 
included  both  didactic  and  clinical  teaching,  and  furnished  instruction  in  sur- 
gery as  well  as  medicine.  But  the  elaborate  plans  of  the  founders  never  were- 
consummated ;  discouragements  awd  obstacles  arose  before  them  and  confused 
their  operations  to  a  considerable  extent.  They  did,  however,  succeed  in  open- 
mg  the  academy  and  carried  forward  its  work  for  several  vears,  though  with 
not  better  than  indifferent  results  so  far  as  medical  education  was  concerned 
and  at  some  loss  from  a  financial  standpoint.  The  principal  mistake  was  irr 
giving  medical  instruction  in  German  in  an  English  speaking  countrv,  and 
rather  than  educate  themselves  in  German  the  American  students  were  inclined 
to  enter  other  schools  and  thus  quite  naturallv  adopted  some  other  svstem 
of  medicine  than  homcEopathv. 

To  receive  an  Allentown  diploma  was  a  medical  distinction.  The  profes- 
sors were  graduates  of  German  universities  and  subjected  the  candidate  to- 
the  same  rigorous  examination  as  they  had  received.  Manv  who  sought  to- 
pass  were  rejected.  '    , 

Several  important  books  were  issued  under  the  auspices  of  the  Allentowrr 
Academy.     "Einige  Wort  ueber  Xothwendigkeit"— the  address  at  the  dedica- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  117 

lion  of  the  academy;  the  "Homoeopathic  Domestic  Physician,"  by  Hering, 
1S35-38,  and  Hahnemann's  Organon.  a  reprint  of  the  Stratton  edition.  This 
\as  pubhshed  at  the  "Academical  Bookstore,"  1836,  and  contains  a  preface 
liy  Hering:  the  "Correspondenzblatt,"  1835-37;  "Wirkungen  des  Schlangen- 
giftes"    (Effects  of  Snake  Poisons),  by  Hering,  Allentown,   1837. 

So  much  of  the  early  history  of  Allentown  Academy  as  is  here  nar- 
rated will  suffice  for  the  purposes  of  this  chapter,  which  is  devoted  more  par- 
ticularly to  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Pennsylvania  than  that  of  its  schools 
of  medical  instruction.  Again,  the  academy  history  is  made  the  subject  of 
sufficient  mention  in  the  chapter  w-hich  relates  especially  to  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and  its  successor,  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege and  Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  the  former  of  which  was  in  a  way  the  indi- 
rect outgrowth  of  the  older  institution  at  Allentown,  although  not  immediately 
a  part  of  it.  It  is  proper  to  state,  however,  that  this  first  school  of  homoe- 
■opathic  medical  instruction  in  the  world  was  founded  in  1835,  and  that  its 
<;ornerstone  was  laid  with  due  ceremony  on  May  27  of  that  year,  the  contents 
of  the  box  being  as  follows :  Hahnemann's  Organon  and  picture ;  the  con- 
stitution of  the  academy  corporation,  printed  in  German  and  English ;  names 
of  members  of  the  academy  household  and  the  incorporators ;  Hering's  ad- 
<lress ;  Philadelphia  newspapers  containing  an  account  of  homoeopathy  in  Ohio ; 
a  copy  of  "Freidensbote;"  quantity  of  homoeopathic  medicine,  names  of  state 
and   city  officers ;  programme  of  the  celebration. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  founders  and  incorporators  held  on  the  same  day 
these  officers  were  elected :  Constantine  Hering,  president ;  John  Romig, 
vice-president;  Adolphus  Bauer,  secretary;  Solomon  Keck,  treasurer;  Will- 
iam Wesselhoeft,  Eberhard  Freytag,  Henry  Detwiller,  Rev.  Christian  Becker, 
John  Rice,  C.  Pretz,  Joseph  Saeger  and  George  Keck,  directors ;  William 
Eckert,  Rev.  Philip  H.  Goep,  Henry  Ebner  and  J.  V.  R.  Hunter,  trustees. 

On  June  17,  1836,  the  legislature  granted  a  charter  to  the  North  Amer- 
ican Academy  of  the  Homoeopathic  Healing  Art,  and  the  institution  then  incor- 
porated by  law  entered  upon  its  interesting  and  eventful  career.  The  incor- 
porators completed  the  organization  of  their  body,  and  adopted  a  constitution 
which  in  its  declarations  showed  the  beneficent  objects  of  its  founders.  The 
second  article  reads  as  follows :  "The  Academy  shall  consider  every  member- 
of  a  Homoeopathic  Societv  in  the  United  States  as  a  member  of  its  own  body, 
and  shall  grant  to  all  equal  privileges  in  the  use  of  what  has  been  accom- 
plished by  means  of  its  enterprise,  according  to  conditions  hereafter  mentioned, 
Avithout  demanding  therefor,  generally,  a  stipulated  contribution." 

The  constitution  also  provided  for  a  thorough  course  of  study,  medical 
and  otherwise,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  extract  from  one  of  the  arti- 
cles :  "The  Literary  institution  according  to  the  express  design  of  its  foun- 
dation shall  be  as  comprehensive  in  its  operations  as  possible,  and  will  em- 
brace the  following  branches  of  study  as  indispensalile  to  the  complete  educa- 
tion of  the  physician,  viz. :  clinical  instruction,  examination  of  the  sick,  and 
semeiotics ;  pharmacodynamics  and  materia  medica ;  pharmaceutics  and  med- 
ical botany ;  dietetics ;  special  therapeutics,  surgery  and  obstetrics ;  medical 
jurisprudence;  general  therapeutics;  symptomatology  and  human  pathology; 
physiology  and  anatomy ;  comparative  physiology  and  comparative  anatomy ; 
zoology,  phytology  and  mineralogy ;  chemistrv,  physics,  geology,  astronomy 
and  mathematics  ;  history  of  medicine  and  natural  sciences :  the  Greek,  Latin 
and  German  languages  as  preparatory  studies." 


118 


HISTORY  OF  HO:^IGEOPATHY 


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I'his  curriculum  was  broad  enough  £or  the  most 
advanced  medical  schools  of  the  "day  in  which  the 
founders  wrought,  and  theirs  was  hardly  more  than 
an  experimental  institution.  Indeed  the  prescribed 
course  would  do  justice  to  many  modern  colleges. 
Those  old  founders  built  better  than  they  knew,  and 
liad  the  English  language  been  spoken  by  the  fac- 
ulty as  freely  as  twenty  years  later  the  academy 
undoubtedly  would  have  endured  to  the  present  time. 
However,  its  downfall  has  been  attributed,  in  part 
at  least,  to  other  causes  than  the  mere  fact  of  hav- 
ing been  a  school  in  which  German  only  was  spoken. 

HOMOEOPATHIC   HOSPITALS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

The  HomcEopathic  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at 
Allentown.  In  1876  an  effort  was  made  to  secure 
a  homceopathic  hospital  for  the  insane  in  this  state, 
liut  the  attempt  was  not  well  organized  hence  noth- 
ing came  of  it;  nor  of  a  similar  movement  in  1888, 
although  considerable  interest  was  then  awakened 
in  legislative  circles  and  also  generally  in  the  med- 
ical profession.  However,  another  twelve  years 
l^assed  before  any  well  organized  effort  was  inaugu- 
rated in  the  direction  of  such  an  institution,  and  then 
the  initial  steps  were  taken  by  the  Germantown 
Homcieopathic  jNledical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  an 
organization  of  about  two  hundred  influential  ho- 
mceopathic physicians  of  that  city,  who  fathered 
the  movement,  raised  the  necessary  preliminary 
funds,  and  aroused  public  interest  in  favor  of  the 
enterprise  to  such  extent  that  the  legislature  in 
190T  appropriated  $300,000  for  the  purchase  of 
lands  and  the  erection  of  hospital  buildings,  but  the 
governor  cut  the  appropriation  to  $50,000,  pleading 
in  justification  of  his  action  economy  in  public  ex- 
])enditures. 

The  commission  appointed  under  the  act  to 
select  a  site,  purchase  grounds  and  erect  the  build- 
ings comjjrised  Dr.  William  P.  Snyder  of  Chester 
count)-,  William  F.  Marshall  and  Dr.  Louis  H.  Wil- 
lard  of  Allegheny  county,  W.  R.  Stroh  of  Carbon 
county,  and  Dr.  Isaac  W.  Heysinger  of  Philadelphia, 
the  latter  the  representative  of  the  homceopathic 
profession  and  chairman  of  the  executive  commit- 
tee of  the  Germantown  medical  society  which  had 
taken  such  earnest  interest  in  the  enterprise  from 
the  Vicginning. 

In  1903  the  legislature  appropriated  $300,000 
(reduced  to  $250,000  bv  the  executive)  "for  the 
erection  of  h()S]Mtal  buildings  at  East  Allentown  on 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  111> 

lands  purchased  by  the  state  for  that  purpose,  and  on  June  2"],  1904,  the  cor- 
nerstone of  the  main  structure  was  laid  with  formal  ceremonies,  the  governor 
being  present  and  taking  part  in  the  exercises. 

The  Qiolera  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  was  the  first  public  charity  of  the 
homoeopathic  school  of  medicine  in  this  country,  and  was  established  by  the 
authorities  of  that  city  during  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1832.  It  was  located 
in  a  building  on  Cherry  street,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  Dr.  George  Bute, 
one  of  the  homoeopathic  pioneers  of  the  city  and  state.  The  hospital  was 
established  for  a  temporary  purpose  and  when  the  period  of  the  epidemic  had 
passed  the  institution  was  closed. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  was  chartered  April  20,  1850. 
For  its  purposes  a  building  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Chestnut  and  Twenty- 
fourth  streets  was  rented,  a  hospital  stafif  was  organized,  and  in  1852  the 
institution  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients.  This  was  the  second 
institution  of  the  kind  in  America.  Indeed,  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  first 
regularly  organized  homceopathic  hospital  in  this  country.  It  was  continued 
only  two  years. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  for  sick  and  wounded  soldiers 
was  the  outgrowth  of  a  meeting  of  patriotic  women  held  September  9,  1862, 
at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  a  soldier's  hospital.  The  board  of  managers  of  the  college  fitted  up 
a  building  for  the  reception  of  ]:)atients,  with  the  hope  that  the  war  department 
would  allow  such  soldiers  as  preferred  homoeopathic  treatment  to  become  its 
temporary  inmates.  This,  however,  was  refused,  and  only  disabled  soldiers 
who  had  been  discharged  were  received  there.  Several  reports  were  pub- 
lished by  the  managers,  and  the  institution  during  its  existence  was  the  means 
of  much  good  for  the  public  welfare. 

The  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic  Hospital  for  Children  was  established 
largely  through  the  efforts  of  a  number  of  charitable  persons  of  both  sexes 
who  appreciated  the  advantages  of  homoeopathic  treatment  of  children,  and 
who  conceived  the  idea  of  an  institution  especially  for  them.  A  building  in 
West  Philadelphia  was  secured  and  fitted  up  for  the  purpose,  and  was  opened 
April  24,  1877;  a  board  of  managers  was  created,  of  which  Mrs.  \\'illiam  H. 
Furness  was  president  and  Miss  H.  W.  Hinckley  secretary.  The  hospital 
staff  comprised  Dr.  W.  C.  Goodno,  attending  surgeon ;  Dr.  C.  B.  Knerr,  at- 
tending physician ;  Dr.  C.  R.  Norton,  resident  physician ;  Drs.  Hering,  Lippe, 
Raue.  H.  N.  Guernsey  and  Thomas  Moore,  consultants ;  Dr.  C.  ]\I.  Thomas, 
>urgeon.  In  1880  a  gift  of  $15,000  from  the  estate  of  William  Weld  enabled 
the  association  to  purchase  the  hospital  property,  and  the  institution  was  char- 
tered June  19  of  that  year.  The  hospital  occupied  one-fourth  of  a  city  square, 
furnished  acconnnodations  for  twenty-five  patients,  and  was  provided  with  a 
dispensary  department.  It  was  continued  until  after  the  death  of  Mrs.  Fur- 
ness, who  had  been  its  chief  supporter,  when  (January,  1886)  the  hospital 
was  merged  in  the  Hahnemann  Hospital  of  Philadelphia.  In  the  latter  a  ward 
was  established  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Horace  Howard  Furness  and  Mrs.  Will- 
iam H.  Furness,  which  became  known  as  the  Mrs.  Furness  ward. 

The  Children's  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  is  one  of  the  most 
completelv  appointed  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  and  is  known  from 
one  end  of  the  country  to  the  other.  It  was  founded  as  a  public  charity,  the 
result  of  an  incident  which  was  not  uncommon  to  life  in  a  great  city,  but  in 
its   immediate    foundation   was   the    result   of   the   action   of  members   of  the 


120  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Hahneniaiin  Club  and  their  deterir.ination  to  establish  an  institution  in  which 
sick  and  injured  children  could  receive  proper  care  and  attention.  To  this 
end  a  meetinfj^  of  friends  of  the  enterprise  was  held  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Bush- 
rod  W.  James  on  January  t6.  1877,  and  at  that  time  a  temporary  organization 
was  effected.  On  March  5  following  the  institution  was  incorporated,  a  char- 
ter was  secured,  and  on  April  14  a  permanent  organization  was  effected  in 
the  election  of  a  board  of  directors  and  officers,  as  follows :  Henry  C.  Carey, 
president ;  Enoch  Turley.  vice-president :  William  X.  Shoemaker,  treasurer ; 
Thomas  M.  Montgomery,  secretary. 

In  connection  with  the  immediate  management  of  the  hospital  a  board  of 
lady  managers  was  formed,  with  these  officers:  Mrs.  Joseph  Elwell,  presi- 
dent ;  Mrs.  V.  C.  Haven  and  Mrs.  Enoch  Turley,  vice-presidents ;  Mrs.  Will- 
iam Shoemaker,  treasurer:  Miss  Georgiana  Sturges,  secretary. 

The  medical  staff'  of  the  hospital  was  composed  of  members  of  the  Hahne- 
mann Club,  viz.:  Drs.  Robert  J.  McClatchey,  A.  H.  .Ashton,  C.  S.  Middleton. 
E.  A.  Farrington.  Pcmberton  Dudley.  B.  F.  Betts,  M.  M.  Walker,  J.  R.  Ear- 
hart,  W.  H.   H.  Xcville,  M.   S.  Williamson,  J.   Frishnnith  and  R.  C.  Smith, 


i 


Cliildren's  Homoeopathic   Hospital,   Philadelphia. 

attending  ])liysicians :  Mrs.  Beulah  M.  Townsend,  matron:  Dr.  Thomas  L. 
Bradford,  resident  physician. 

The  hospital  was  opened  June  20.  1877.  at  the  northwest  corner-of  Eighth 
and  Poplar  streets  (now  901  North  Eighth  street).  A  dispensary  was  estab- 
lished in  the  same  building.  The  building  in  this  location  was  occupied  by  the 
hospital  association  five  years,  and  in  1883  the  hospital  was  removed  to  North 
Board  street,  where  a  new  site  had  been  secured  by  purchase  at  an  expense  of 
$24,000.  The  new  building  was  formally  opened  March  14,  1883.  The  hos- 
pital had  thirty-six  beds;  the  disjKnsary  was  in  a  separate  building  in  the 
rear:  the  nurse's  school  was  opened  in   1886. 

The  new  quarters  were  much  larger  and  better  suited  to  the  purposes 
of  the  hospital  association  than  the  former  home  on  Eighth  street,  but  within 
the  brief  space  of  ten  years  it  became  evident  to  the  managers  that  still  more 
comrnodious  buildings  must  be  provided  in  the  near  future,  and  to  this  end 
the  directors  began  the  work  of  determining  upon  a  new  location  with  lands 
of  sufficient  extent  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  institution  for  many 
years.     Soon  afterward  the  committee  on  site  and  buildings  secured  lands  at 


HISTORY  OF   HO.MQ-:()l'ATHY 


121 


the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Tlionipson  streets,  distant  one  sfjnare  tr(Dni  Girard 
avenue. 

The  plans  for  the  new  hospital  contemplated  a  larj^e  central  building  with 
extensions  on  both  sides,  and  the  latter  have  been  built  as  occasion  made  nec- 
essary. On  September  14.  1898,  ground  wa-s  broken  for  the  main  building  and 
on  November  19  following  the  cornerstone  was  laid.  The  structure  was 
completed  and  formally  opened  during  the  week  of  June  5-12,  1889,  and  on 
the  latter  date  the  inmates  of  the  old  hospital  on.  Broad  street  were  transferred 
to  the  new  building.  The  new  south  wing  was  begun  August  26,  1903,  and 
was  finished  and  opened  June  15.  1904.  The  north  wing,  now  nearly  com- 
pleted, will  cost  $30,000.  The  buildings  previously  erected  cost  $55,000. 
The  main  building  has  fifty-four  beds  ;  the  isolation  building  four  beds ;  the 
south  building  seventy-two  beds,  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  beds 
in  the  hospital.  The  institution  is  supported  chiefly  by  the  state,  and  in  a 
less  degree  bv  endowments  and  voluntary  contributions.  In  1894,  at  the  earn- 
est suggestion  of  Dr.  Bushrod  W.  James,  free  beds  were  set  ai:)art  for  sick 
and  injured  newsboys. 


Heriiij,'  I^uildiiij;,  Medical  and  Snrf;iral  Df^jKirtiiifMit. 


The  Medical,  Surgical  and  Maternity  Hospital  of  the  Women's  Homoe- 
'opathic  Association  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  comprising 
one  of  the  most  worthv  institutions  in  a  city  famous  for  noble  charities,  was 
founded  in  1882,  by  seventeen  women  who  previously  had  been  members  of 
the  auxiliarv  board  of  managers  of  the  Homreopathic  Hospital  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  who  from  their  experiences  in  that  institution  were  in  position  to 
appreciate  the  necessity  of  a  home  in  the  city  for  the  care  of  women  in  confine- 
ment. In  carrying  their  resolution  into  effect  a  society  was  formed,  and  on 
December  13,  1882,  the  Women's  Homceopathic  Association  of  Pennsylvania 
was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state.  \'arious  means  were  resorted 
to  in  order  to  arouse  public  interest  in  the  proposed  institution,  and  loyal 
friends  soon  provided  the  means  to  place  the  association  on  a  safe  and  lasting 
basis.  In  June,  1883,  through  the  generosity  of  Charles  D.  Reed,  lands  at  the 
northeast  corner  of  Sus(|uehanna  avenue  and  Twentieth  street  were  purchased 
and  paid  for,  Mr.  Reed  donating  the  entire  purchase  price  ($30,000)  and  also 


122 


HISTORY  OF  ilO.MdCOPATHY 


contrihutiiiii  lilicralK  to  the  general  building  fund.  Another  generous  bene- 
factor was  Miss  Mary  Jeanes,  who  gave  to  the  association  the  occupancy  of 
two  houses  on  'Twentieth  street,  and  at  lier  death  devised  the  same  for  the 
benefit  of  the  institution.  On  ^ larch  20.  1884.  the  hospital  was  opened  in 
these  houses.  On  July  17  of  the  same  year  work  was  begun  on  the  new 
building-  and  was  completed  in  October.  1887.  The  state  appropriated  $20,000 
for  the  construction  fund  of  the  association.  The  main  structure  when  com- 
pleted was  called  Hering  building,  in  memory  of  the  late  Constantine  Hering. 
It  was  opened  October  13,  1887.  The  maternity  pavilion  was  finished  May 
16,  1890,  and  was  called  Sargent  building,  in  allusion  to  Dr.  Rufus  Sargent. 
The  isolation  building  was  begun  in  the  latter  part  of  1890,  was  finished  in 
the  next  year,  and  was  named  Lippe  building,  in  honor  of  the  late  Dr.  Adolph 
Lippe,  whose  admirers  had  contributed  generously  to  its  construction  fund. 
The  nurse's  school  was  opened  soon  after  the  completion  of  the  hospital. 
The  entire  institution  is  maintained  strictly  in  accordance  with  the  principles 
of  pure  homcEopatiu  and  temperance,  and  its  staff  includes  nearlv  all  the 
Hahnemannian  homopopaths  in   Philadelphia. 


Lippe   Isolated    Pavilion. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  and  Surgical  Hospital  and  Dispensary  of 
Pittsburgh,  one  of  the  best  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  was  the 
result  purely  of  homceopathic  initiative  born  of  the  old-time  prejudice  on  the 
part  of  the  allopathic  school  and  its  disposition  to  deny  homoeopathic  access 
to  the  hospitals  of  the  city.  The  homoeopathic  practitioners  of  Allegheny 
county  having  failed  to  secure  accommodations  in  the  then  existing  hospital's 
of  the  city  for  patients  who  desired  their  treatment,  determined  to  establish  a 
hospital  of  their  own,  and  for  their  exclusive  use  and  benefit.  For  this  purpose 
an  informal  organization  was  effected  and  grounds  and  buildings  on  Second 
avenue  near  Smithfield  street  were  secured  and  held,  through  "the  influence 
and  gCK^l  offices  of  Drs.  Burgher.  Cote  and  Hofifman,  until  a  more  permanent 
organization  could  be  accomplished.  On  April  4,  1866,  a  charter  was  obtained, 
trustees  and  officers  were  chosen  and  the  work  of  the  corporation  was  begun 
in  earnest.  Ikiildings  were  arranged  for  the  occupancv  of  the  hospital,  and 
the  institution  was  opened  for  patients  on  August  i,  1866. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  123 

The  hospital  was  continued  in  its  ori<2:inal  building  until  April.  1882, 
when  the  trustees  determined  to  erect  new  buildings  and  extend  the  area  of 
the  surrounding  grounds.  A  considerable  fund  was  required  to  carry  out 
the  plans  of  the  corporation,  but  friends  were'  found  in  the  time  of  need. 
William  Thaw  gave  the  trustees  $50,000 ;  the  legislature  appropriated  for  the 
hospital  in  1882  the  sum  of  $50,000,  and  a  like  sum  in  1884.  The  Ladies' 
Association  '"house  warming"  netted  more  than  $17,000;  Miss  Jane  Holmes 
gave  $15,000,  and  many  smaller  contributions  were  received  from  various 
other  sources.  With  the  splendid  fund  thus  created  the  trustees  erected  the 
present  hospital  structure,  comprising  two  main  buildings,  one  on  First  ave- 
nue and  one  on  Second  avenue,  the  total  cost  of  which  was  nearly  $234,000. 
From  1882  to  1884  hospital  work  was  suspended  on  account  of  the  improve- 
ments, but  the  completed  structure  was  opened  for  patients  on  April  i,  1884; 
the  formal  opening  was  held  April  15.     On  that  occasion  Dr.  Cooper  on  be- 


-    n  s 


Sargent   or    Maternit_v    Building. 

half  ot  the  building  committee  handed  the  kev  to  Dr.  McClelland  of  the  exec- 
utive committee,  who  accepted  the  same  with  the  responsibilities  of  the  trust 
implied  by  it.  From  that  time  the  hospital  has  been  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  worthy  institutions  of  the  great  city  in  which  it  is  located,  and  through 
the  good  works  there  accomplished  has  been  the  means  of  elevating  the  stand- 
ard of  the  homoeo]Dathic  profession  both  in  Pennsvlvania  and  in  America.  In 
connection  with  its  general  work  an  excellent  nurses'  school  is.  maintained. 
The  institution  is  supported  by  the  interest  on  its  invested  funds,  the  pay 
of  patients,  and  contributions  from  benevolent  persons.  The  "Hospital  News" 
is  a  publication  issued  monthly  by  an  editorial  statTt'  chosen  by  the  ofificiary  of 
the  hospital  corporation. 

The  HomcEopathic  Medical  and  .Surgical  Hospital  of  Reading  is  the  out- 
growth of  the  still  older  Reading  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  Association,  which 
was  organized  in  1887  and  located  on  Franklin  street.  A  ladies  auxiliary 
association  was  formed  in  November,  1888.  After  active  measures  for  organ- 
ization and  the  creation  of  a  necessary  fund,  a  charter  was  obtained  in  1890. 
Soon   afterward    the    trustees   purchased   the   Dr.    Luther   Diller   property   on 


li-ni'LLipuLhic    Huapitul,    I'ittshiUKli. 


HIST(;K\'   ()!•    HOMCKorATHV  125- 

Sixth  street,  wliich  was  ecjuipped  for  its  intended  occuiiancv  through  the 
generosity  of  the  ladies  auxihary.  The  formal  opening  was  held  July  i, 
i8()i,  and  since  that  time  the  hospital  has  taken  rank  with  the  best  of  the  city's 
charities.  The  hospital  stafif  is  chosen  from  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of 
the  city.  In  1897  the  institution  received  a  l>equest  of  $12,000  from  the 
estate  of  Maria  Von  Neida. 

The  Woman's  Southern  HouKcopathic  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  dates  its 
history  from  the  year  1895,  and  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  dispensary  opened  in 
September,  1893.  by  Dr.  Amelia  L.  Hess  and  Miss  Annie  M.  Miller  in  a 
small  first  floor  room  in  what  now  is  Rodman  street.  The  dispensary  accom- 
])lished  much  good  work  and  the  constantly  increasing  demands  upon  it  neces- 
sitated frequent  removals  to  more  commodious  quarters.  In  1894  Dr.  Han- 
nah R.  Mulford  became  a  part  of  the  life  of  the  dispensary,  and  soon  after- 
ward it  was  resolved  into  a  private  hospital,  and  was  located  on  South  Seventh 
street.  In  1895  the  Woman's  Homoeopathic  Club  began  taking  an  interest 
in  the  work,  and  the  outcome  of  its  efforts  was  a  charter  (October  31,  1896) 
for  a  hospital  corporation  and  the  conduct  of  a  hospital,  dispensary  and  mater- 
nity home  under  the  name  of  the  Woman's  Southern  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
of  Philadelphia.  In  1897  the  jnemises  on  the  south  side  of  Spruce  street, 
near  Eighth,  was  jjurchased  and  arranged  for  hospital  occupancy.  The  dis- 
pensary is  an  important  department  of  the  work  of  the  hospital.  The  Ann 
^lay  memorial  home  became  a  de]:)artnient  of  the  greater  institution  in  1904. 
It  is  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Albionia  Whartenbury  of  Philadelpiiia  as  a  memorial  of 
her  daughter,  Ann  May  Whartenbury  Robinson,  and  was  formally  opened  at 
Spring  Lake,  New  Jersey,  June  10,  1904. 

St.  Luke's  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  had  its  origin  in  a 
meeting  of  physicians  and  laymen  held  in  November,  1895,  to  discuss  the  need 
of  a  hospital  in.  the  north  part  of  the  city.  An  association  was  formed  and  a 
house  on  North  Broad  street  was  secured  and  equipped  for  its  intended  occu- 
pancy. The  formal  opening  was  accompanied  with  a  ihrce  days'  public  recep- 
tion, January  7-9,  1896.  In  October  following  a  training  school  for  nurses 
was  established  in  connection  with  the  hospital.  The  trustees  incorporation 
was  effected  January  30,  1896.  On  September  14,  1899,  the  trustees,  com- 
prising men  only,  resigned  and  their  places  were  filled  with  women,  under 
whose  management  the  institution  has  since  been  conducted.  However,  the 
constantly  crowded  quarters  of  the  hospital  made  it  necessary  for  the  man- 
agement to  secure  more  commodious  quarters  in  another  location,  and  to  that 
end  a  building  committee  was  chosen  to  accomplish  the  work.  In  May,  1904. 
the  trustees  purchased,  at  a  cost  of  $75,000,  the  j^roperty  formerly  owned  by 
Dr.  Meyer  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Broad  and  Wingohocking  streets.  The 
stone  buildings  on  this  site  are  now  being  arranged  for  hospital  uses.  The 
site  is  most  desirable  for  the  puqxjse  for  which  the  property  is  intended.  Ac- 
cording to  the  plans,  a  dispensary  will  he  provided,  and  located  in  a  separate 
building,  fronting  on  Fifteenth  street.  The  main  building  when  fully  arranged 
will  contain  rooms  for  fiftv  beds,  and  a  sejiarate  building  will  be  provided  for 
servants"  quarters. 

The  J.  Lewis  Crozer  Home  and  Hos])ital  for  Incurables,  near  Chester, 
was  founded  through  the  benevolence  of  tlie  late  Mr.  Crozer,  for  whom  the 
institution  is  named.  He  died  in  April,  1897,  and  in  his  will  made  provision 
for  founding  a  home  for  incurables  .and  also  a  homceopathic  hospital,  for 
which  purpose  the  sum  of  $50,000  was  set  apart  from  his  estate.     After  his 


12S  JIISIC'KV   (.)1'   lloAia^OPATHY 

death  his  widow  immediately  set  out  to  carry  the  provisions  of  the  bequest 
into  effect,  and  in  October  of  that  year  the  w^ork  of  erectintj  the  home  was 
begun.  J'he  buildings  are  located  at  Upland,  near  Qiester,  and  within  its  com- 
fortable walls  are  lOO  rooms,  and  40  beds.  The  medical  staff  is  selected  from 
the  members  of  the  (Jrganon  Medical  Club  of  Chester,  who  have  management 
of  the  home  and  hosjjital.  In  1902  a  hospital  building  was  erected,  and  opened 
July  17,  1903.  The  grounds  of  the  institution  include  36  acres,  the  gift  ot 
Airs.   Crozer  independent   of   her  husband's  original   bequest. 

The  Hahnemann  Hospital  at  Scranton  became  one  of  the  incorjxjrated 
institutions  of  the  city  December  13,  1897,  and  since  that  time  has  been  num- 
bered among  the  worth}  charities  of  northern  and  northeastern  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  a  public  institution  in  a  sense,  in  that  it  is  in  part  supported  by  the  state 
and  in  return  receives  within  its  hospitable  walls  patients  who  are  public 
charges ;  otherwise  its  support  is  derived  from  pay  patients  and  voluntary  con- 
tributions. In  the  early  part  of  the  year  mentioned  the  homoeopathic  physi- 
cians of  Scranton  and  interested  friends  of  that  school  of  medicine  determined 
to  establish  in  the  city  a  homoeopathic  hospital,  and  for  that  purpose  associ- 
ated together  and  became  a  body  corporate.  This  accomplished,  the  trustees 
secured  the  James  Blair  homestead  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Alulberry 
streets,  which  was  the  first  home  of  the  hospital,  but  later  on  more  permanent 
quarters  were  found  through  the  generosity  of  W.  W.  Scranton,  who  equipped 
for  the  trustees  a  comfortable  building  at  the  corner  of  Linden  and  Alonroe 
streets.  A  nurses"  school  was  opened  in  1898;  the  home  for  nurses  was  pro- 
vided in  1902.  The  trustees  and  hospital  association  are  now  taking  steps 
toward  the  erection  of  a  new  and  modern  hospital  building. 

The  West  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  was 
founded  in  June,  1903,  and  permanently  organized  in  1904,  when  the  property 
at  the  corner  of  Girard  avenue  and  Fifty-fifth  street  was  secured  as  the  home 
of  the  institution. 

REMINISCENCES. 

The  first  epoch  in  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Pennsylvania  extends  to 
1835,  when  the  first  college  of  homoeopathy  in  the  world — AUentown  Acad- 
emy— was  established.  During  this  first  epoch  the  system  of  Hahnemann 
had  been  introduced  into  two  states  at  nearly  the  same  time  and  without  con- 
cert of  action. 

To  Dr.  Henry  Dctwiller,  then  of  Hellertown,  is  due  the  honor  of  having 
given  the  first  homceopathic  prescription  in  Pennsylvania,  and  the  time,  July 
2^,  1828.  He  was  born  in  Langenbruch,  Canton  Piasil,  Landschaft,  Switzer- 
land, December  13,  1795.  At  the  village  school  he  showed  such  aptitude  for 
learning  that  when  he  was  thirteen  he  was  sent  to  a  French  institute  at  St. 
Immier,  where  he  remained  until  he  was  fifteen,  when  he  became  a  private 
pupil  of  Laurentius  Senor,  M.  D..  a  graduate  of  Wurzburg,  under  whose  tui- 
tion he  prepared  for  matriculation  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Freiburg,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.  He  was  admitted  in  this  insti- 
tution in  the  spring  of  181 4,  and  studied  there  for  five  consecutive  semesters. 
After  leaving  the  university,  having  barely  reached  his  majority,  and  being 
fond  of  the  natural  sciences,  he  felt  a  strong  desire  to  investigate  and  to  ex- 
plore the  regions  of  America.  So  he  left  Basd  in  the  spring  of  181 7.  Several 
hundred  emigrants  accompanied  him  to  Amsterdam,  and'on  the  passage  he 
acted  as  physician  to  the  comjiany.     \\  ben  he  arrived  at  Muvden,  near  Amster- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


129 


dam,  he  was  asked  to  present  himself  to  a  medical  board  for  examination, 
which  he  did.  and  passing  successfully,  was  appointed  physician  on  the  ship 
"John  of  Baltimore,"  an  American  vessel  from  Boston.  It  was  an  old  three- 
master,  on  its  farewell  trip,  almost  worn  out  and  unseaworthy,  but  it  took 
on  board  over  four  hundred  men.  women  and  children.  The  captain  taking 
a  southerly  course,  going  south  of  Bermuda  in  the  middle  of  July,  the  oppres- 
sive heat  produced  dysentery,  cholera  morbus  and  a  prostrating  diarrhoea. 
The  ship's  medicine  chest  was  not  properly  supplied  and  Dr.  Detwiller  and 
General  Vandame  were  obliged  to  furnish  medicines  from  their  own  private 
stores.  The  vessel  reached  Philadelphia  the  last  of  July.  The  passengers 
were  largely  redemptioners  and  were  obliged  to  remain  on  board  until  prop- 
erly disposed  of.     ^Ian\   were  sick  and  they  with  those  similarly  afflicted  from 


Henry  Detwiller,  M.  D. 

another  vessel  in  port  were  entrusted  to  Dr.  Detwiller  by  the  port  physician, 
and  the  official  physician  at  quarantine  placed  the  .same  trust  in  him. 

While  thus  detained  in  Philadelphia  Dr.  Detwiller  through  General  Van- 
dame became  acquainted  with  Dr.  Monges,  a  French  physician  who  often 
called  him  in  consultation  in  the  family  of  General  X'andajue  and  other  French 
refugees  then  in  Philadelphia.  At  the  suggestion  of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  Gen- 
eral Vandame  and  Dr.  Monges,  Detwiller"  abandoned  his  original  purpose  of 
going  into  the  Indian  country,  and  decided  to  establish  himself  in  a  locality 
where  the  German  language  was  chiefly  spoken.  Being  well  provided  with 
letters  of  introduction,  he  went  to  Allen'town,  Pa.,  and  on  September  2,  181 7, 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Charles  H.  Martin  as  an  assistant.  Here  he  remained 
for  seven  months.     During  the  fall  and  winter  of  18 17-18  there  appeared  in 


130  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

manv  parts  of  Lehigh  and  the  adjoining  counties  a  disease  attacking  whole 
famihes  with  more  or  less  severity,  and  attended  in  convalescence  with  fre- 
quent relapses,  the  patients  being  sick  for  months  and  then  often  dying  from 
phthisis  or  dropsy.  This  disease  was  diagnosed  by  the  physicians  as  bilious 
colic,  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  symptoms  was  abdominal  or  intestinal 
pain,  with  very  obstinate  costiveness  and  vomiting.  The  treatment  had 
been  with  opium'  and  calomel  in  very  large  doses,  powerful  laxatives,  tobacco 
smoke  even  being  forced  into  the  rectum,  while  salivation  was  indulged  in 
extensively.  Detwiller  was  able  to  discover  that  the  real  cause  of  the  preva- 
lent epidemic  was  lead  poisoning  produced  from  the  glazing  with  litharge  of 
earthen  pots  in  which  apple  butter,  often  rather  sour,  had  been  kept.  This 
discovery  and  his  successful  antidotal  treatment  gained  for  the  young  doctor 
a  great  reputation,  and  he  was  urged  to  settle  in  many  dififerent  localities. 
He  finally  selected  Hellertown,  and  in  April,  1818,  opened  an  office  there. 
In  December  he  married  Elizabeth  Appel,  a  native  of  the  vicinity,  and  who 
died  seventeen  years  later,  leaving  three  sons  and  four  daughters. 

Dr.  Detwiller  writes  of  himself:  'T  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in 
the  year  1828,  July  23,  at  Hellertown,  Pa.  Dr.  W.  Wesselhoeft  at  that  time 
practicing  in  Bath,  Dr.  E.  Freytag  in  Bethlehem,  Dr.  Becker  in  Kreidersville, 
myself  at  Hellertown,  all  in  Northampton  county,  met  frequently  at  the  house 
of  Dr.  Freytag,  interchanged  our  experiences  in  the  then  to  us,  new  practice, 
prepared  a  kind  of  repertory  for  our  own  use.  Homoeopathic  treatment  in  an 
epidemic  of  dysentery  in  the  fall  of  1829  (where  out  of  86  only  two  proved 
fatal)  urged  us  to  closer  studies.  Dr.  Wesselhoeft  furnished  books  and  medi- 
cines which  he  received  from  his  frjend  Dr.  Stapf  as  a  present.  In  1831  I 
received  the  then  extant  whole  library  of  works  on  homceopathy,  together 
witli  the  medicines,  from  my  friend  Dr.  Siegrist  in  Basil." 

Dr.  Wesselhoeft  in  Bath  was  twelve  miles  north  of  Hellertown,  but  he 
often  met  Detwiller  socially  and  in  consultation.  At  one  of  these  meetings 
Wesselhoeft  said  that  he  had  received  from  his  father  and  Dr.  Stapf  in  Ger- 
many some  books  on  homoeopathy  and  a  box  of  homoeopathic  medicines. 
They  commenced  to  investigate  the  new  system.  Detwiller  studied  up  a  case 
he  then  had  on  hand  and  decided  that  Pulsatilla  was  the  proper  remedy.  He 
gave  it,  the  first  dose  of  homoeopathic  medicine  given  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
July  23,  1828.  The  result  was  a  speedy  cure.  From  this  time  he  was  a  steady 
practitioner  and  champion  of  the  principles  of  homceopathy. 

Dr.  Wesselhoeft  soon  began  to  give  homoeopathic  medicines,  and  Dr. 
Eberhard  Freytag  also.  The  Rev.  Qiristian  J.  Becker  of  Kreidersville.  of 
whom  Detwiller  speaks,  was  a  clergyman  who  had  been  partially  educated  in 
medicine  and  became  greatly  interested  in  the  new  method.  The  result  of 
the  investigations  convinced  him  of  its  truth  and  he  practiced  with  consider- 
able success  among  the  poor  of  his  neighborhood.  In  1830  Dr.  John  Romig 
joined  this  band  of  workers. 

In  1836  Dr.  Detwiller  visited  Europe  in  company  with  his  eldest  son, 
whom  he  placed  at  school  where  he  was  to  remain  for  four  vears.  While  in 
Europe  he  visited  Professors  Schoenlein,  Oken  and  Schintz  at  Zurich  to 
converse  upon  scientific  subjects.  He  also  had  several  interviews  with  Hahne- 
mann in  Paris  in  the  interests  of  homoeopathy  in  the  United  States,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  Allcntown  Academy,  then  just  started.  He  also  visited  his  alma 
mater,  presenting  his  certificates  of  examination  (absolutorium)  executed  in 
the  fall  of  1816,  when  he  was  unable  because  of  youth  to  receive  his  diploma. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOiOPATHY  131 

Thus,  after  an  absence  of  twenty  years,  he  appHed  to  the  medical  faculty  for 
a  re-examination.  After  a  most  thorough  examination  on  the  different 
branches  including  operations  on  the  cadaver,  he  was  granted  a  diploma. 

He  returned  to  the  United  States  and  resumed  practice  at  Hellertown, 
remaining  there  until  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Easton.  He  introduced 
homoeopathy  into  Easton  and  had  much  opposition  at  first  to  contend  against. 
During  his  long  residence  at  Hellertown,  Detwiller,  notwithstanding  his  verv 
extensive  and  arduous  practice,  always  found  time  to  follow  his  favorite  study 
of  natural  science.  He  collected  his  "Flora  Sauconensis,"  his  specimens  hav- 
ing been  gathered  largely  in  upper  and  lower  Saucon.  He  made  manv  botan- 
ical excursions  with  his  friends  De  Schweinetz  and  Huebner.  His  ornitho- 
logical specimens,  the  mammals,  reptilian,  cheloniae,  etc.,  represent  nearly 
the  whole   fauna   of  Pennsylvania.     The   greater  part  of  this   collection   was 


Samuel  R.  Dubs,  M.  D. 

donated  to  public  institutions  and  museums  in  Europe,  especially  to  the  I  ni- 
versity  of  Basil,  he  being  corresponding  member  of  the  Natural  History 
Society  there. 

In  1836  he  became  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Allentown  Academy. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 
1844.  In  1866  he  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Homoe- 
opathic Society.  In  1886  at  the  dedication  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
building  on  Broad  street,  Philadelphia,  he  was  present,  bowed  with  the  weight 
of  years,  and  with  long  whitened  hair,  but  with  eyes  still  bright  and  skin 
clear. 

Dr.  Detwilkr  died  at  Easton  April  21,  1887.  He  had  been  seventy-two 
years  in  practice  and  was  ninety-two  years  of  age.     About  three  weeks  before 


132       '  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

his  death  he  arose  at  an  early  hour,  as  had  been  his  habit  from  childhood,  took 
his  regular  morning  walk,  and  near  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Northampton 
streets  fell,  striking  his  forehead  on  the  pavement.  He  was  assisted  to  his 
feet,  returned  to  hfs  office,  partook  of  his  customary  lunch  and  went  to  Beth- 
lehem to  attend  several  patients.  The  next  day  he  made  professional  calls  at 
Frenchtown,  N.  J.,  and  in  the  evening  of  the  third  day  began  to  feel  the 
effects  of  his  fall.  He  was  then  confined  to  his  room  but  almost  to  the  last 
gave  directions  for  the  treatment  of  his  patients.  He  was  interested  in  educa- 
tional matters  and  in  many  business  enterprises.  His  family  consisted  of  three 
sons  and  four  daughters'.  He  left  twenty-seven  grandchildren,  twenty-one 
great-grandchildren  and  two  great-great-grandchildren. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  companion  of  Dr.  Detwiller  in  the  first  investiga- 
tion in  Pennsylvania  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  was  Dr.  William  Wessel- 
hoeft*  of  Bath  in  Northampton  county.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Karl  Wes- 
selhoeft,  who,  with  his  brother-in-law,  Friedrich  Frommann,  owned  the  largest 
publishing  house  in  the  university  town  of  Jena  during  the  palmy  days  of 
Saxe-Weimar.  William  was  born  in  1794  and  w-hen  he  was  four  years  old 
his  father  moved  from  Chemnitz.  When  he  was  ten  years  of  age  Goethe 
took  a  kindly  interest  in  his  education  and  gave  him  pencils  and  paper  and 
friendly  advice,  in  order  to  foster  a  love  for  drawing,  for  he  believed  that 
art  was  an  essential  to  early  education,  and  he  himself  excelled  in  it.  Nor  did 
Karl,  the  father,  stint  these  educational  advantages,  though  impoverished  by 
the  wars  with  Napoleon.  He  had  residing  in  his  family  as  private  tutor  to 
his  children  the  celebrated  De  Wette»  afterward  professor  of  theology  at  Ber- 
lin and  later  at  Basle ;  and  after  De  Wette,  Grossman,  who  became  superin- 
tendent of  the  Lutheran  churches  at  Leipsic.  This  family  school  consisted  of 
William,  his  brothers  Edward  and  Robert,  his  sister  Wilbelmina,  and  a  ward 
of  his  uncle  Frommann,  Minna  Herzlied,  celebrated  in  the  "Memoirs  of 
Goethe"  as  one  of  the  ladies  who  for  a  time  held  the  sentimental  poet's  heart. 

In  1809  Wesselhoeft  became  a  pupil  at  the  Real-Schule  of  Nuremburg, 
then  under  the  direction  of  G.  H.  von  Schubert,  the  great  natural  philosopher 
and  psychologist,  in  whose  autobiography  may  be  found  frequent  mention  of 
young  Wesselhoeft.  Here,  besides  studying  Latin  and  Greek,  he  began  his 
profound  studies  in  the  natural  sciences,  including  anatomy,  of  which  he  was 
very  fond,  becoming  very  expert  in  anatomical  drawings.  His  botanical 
studies  also  were  extensive,  and  he  prepared  a  valuable  hortus  siccus.  Dur- 
ing his  student  life,  he  was  in  the  habit  of  making  extensive  tours  for  the 
purpose  of  explorations  in  botany,  mineralogy  and  geology,  and  his  collections 
of  mineral  and  geological  specimens  were  given  to  Dr.  Adolph  Douai  for 
the  benefit  of  the  students  in  the  Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind. 

Our  young  savant  also  studied  transcendental  physics  with  the  celebrated 
Oken.  In  1813,  being  nineteen  years  old,  he  entered  the  University  of  Jena,, 
graduating  there  seven  years  afterward  as  doctor  of  medicine,  having  per- 
fected his  general  and  medical  education  at  the  universities  of  Berlin  and 
Wurzburg,  at  each  of  which  he  resided  for  a  season,  and  at  which  he  passed 
the  second  and  third  examinations  necessary  in  Germany  to  obtain  a  license  to 
practice  medicine. 

Wesselhoeft  was  not  only  a  scholar  of  parts  but  also  an  attractive  man 
of  the  world.     At  this  time  Goethe  was  much  interested  in  meteorology,  and 

♦Memorial   of   Dr.  William  Wesselhoeft,  by  Elizabeth  P.   Peabody,  Boston,   1859. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  133 

Wesselboeft  enjoyed  making-  observations  of  the  clouds  for  liim  at  the  observa- 
tory at  Je«a. 

Wesselboeft  was  in  sympathy  with  the  young  patriots  who  had  returned 
from  German  army  service,  in  which  struggle  Koerner  fell  in  1806.  When 
in  Berlin  in  1819  he  became  intimate  with  "Old  Jahn,"  who  invented  the  mod- 
ern system  of  gymnastics  and  had  in  Berlin  a  gymnasium  as  early  as  181 1. 
It  was  the  time  of  the  Burschenschaften  in  Germany,  or  secret  political  societies 
to  promote  nationality ;  and  William  and  Robert  Wesselboeft.  who  were  stu- 
dents at  Jena,  were  very  active  in  promoting  these  organizations.  These 
Burschenschaften  were  betrayed  by  a  traitor  and  manv  were  arrested,  among 
them  William  and  Robert  Wesselboeft.  William,  who  was  at  the  time  pur- 
suing his  studies  at  Berlin,  was  thrown  into  the  political  prison,  and  Robert 
was  confined  in  the  fortress  at  Magdeburg.  William  escaped  after  a  two 
months'  imprisonment  and  was  for  a  long  time  concealed  in  his  father's  house 
at  Jena.  Then  young  Dr.  William  wished  to  go  to  the  assistance  of  the 
Greeks,  who  were  struggling  for  freedom.  He  became  surgeon  to  the  Ger- 
man Pbilbellenen  and  started  well  equipped  with  surgical  appliances.  Indeed 
so  ample  was  the  quantity  of  lint  and  of  bandages  prepared  by  his  sister  Wil- 
helmina,  his  friend  P'erdinanda,  and  others  in  the  secret,  that  it  is  said  to 
have  served  him  all  his  life.  When  he  arrived  at  Marseilles  an  injunction  wa3 
laid  on  the  vessel,  and  no  more  volunteers  could  go  to  Greece.  From  Mar- 
seilles he  went  to  Switzerland,  where  were  his  friends  Follen  and  Beck  and 
De  Wette,  who  had  found  positions  at  the  University  of  Basle.  In  this  uni- 
versity Wesselboeft  also  found  employment  as  demonstrator  of  anatomy  and 
assistant  oculist.  He  remained  there  two  years,  and  spent  his  vacations  in 
tours  among  the  lofty  mountains  not  only  for  love  of  natural  science  but  for 
the  picturesque.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life  he  often  talked  of  revisit- 
ing Switzerland,  and  the  last  picture  he  purchased  was  a  painting  of  the  Alps 
reminding  him,  as  he  said,  of  his  own  youth. 

But  there  was  interference  by  the  allied  powers  with  the  German  refu- 
gees, driving  Drs.  Follen  and  Beck  from  Switzerland,  and  compelling  Wessel- 
boeft to  leave  for  America  at  the  same  time.  Some  letters  showing  his  sym- 
pathy with  Follen  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  despots.  He  sailed  from 
Antwerp  and  was  four  months  on  the  voyage.  On  his  arrival  he  went  to  Le- 
high county,  Pa.,  where  lived  a  German  family  he  had  known  at  home.  From 
there  he  went  to  Northampton  county,  seeking  a  place  to  practice,  and  finally 
settled  at  Bath,  where  the  population  was  largely  German.  Follen  and 
Beck,  who  also  came  to  America,  made  efforts  to  induce  him  to  go  to  Massa- 
chusetts. In  1825  Ticknor  wrote  asking  him  to  take  charge  of  the  gymnas- 
ium at  Cambridge  and  Boston,  but  already  a  large  practice  occupied  him  at 
Bath  and  he  refused;  Here  he  married  Sarah  Palmer,  in  whose  family  he 
had  become  known  bv  his  professional  calls  as  an  allopathic  physician.  Even 
then  he  was  meditating  a  change,  and  studying  the  system  of  Flahnemann. 
He  franklv  told  his  fiancee  his  plans,  of  the  unsatisfactory  methods  of  the 
prevailing  tbf-rapeutics,  and  of  the  possibility  that  his  change  in  medical  prac- 
tice would  for  a  time  hurt  his  income. 

Soon  after  Wesselboeft  had  come  to  America  certain  of  his  old  class- 
mates had  become  interested  in  homoeopathy  and  wrote  to  him  to  test  the 
medicines.  His  old  friend  Stapf  sent  him  the  Organon  provinirs.  together 
with  homoeopathic  medicines.  At  first  it  seemed  absurd  to  him,  but  a  love 
of  fair  play  to  the  man  who  had  devoted  so  much  time  to  this  new  materia 


134  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

medica  induced  him  to  test  its  virtues.  Infinitesimal  doses  were  hardest  to 
accept.  His  first  experiment  was  in  a  case  of  ozaena  whose  symptoms  indi- 
cated Hahnemann's  thirtieth  dihition  of  some  medicine.  He  said:  "I  was 
really  ashamed  to  give  the  thirtieth  dilution  and  substituted  the  sixth."  When 
he  went  the  next  day  his  patient  was  sitting  up  in  bed,  the  symptoms  much 
worse  and  she  very  angry.  The  disease  was  cured,  however,  without  another 
dose.  Among  his  first  successes  was  his  treatment  of  croup  with  pongia  and 
hepar.  He  communicated  these  cases  to  Freytag,  Detwiller  and  to  others, 
and  they  engaged  in  personal  investigation.  So  great  was  the  confidence  in 
him  that  his  patients  were  willing  to  take  the  small  doses  that  he  soon  began 
to  prescribe.  The  story  of  the  first  provcrs'  union,  the  first  society,  the  Allen- 
town  Academy,  with  all  which  Wesselhoeft  was  identified,  will  appear  in 
proper  sequence.  When  the  success  of  the  academy  became  doubtful,  Hering 
went  to  Philadelphia  and  Wesselhoeft  to  Allentown  to  try  to  support  the 
institution. 

In  1842  Wesselhoeft  decided  to  remove  to  Boston.  His  brother  Robert, 
who  had  been  a  lawyer  in  Weimar  and  an  officer  of  the  government,  was 
arrested  with  other  members  of  the  Burschenschaften,  and  for  seven  years  was 
kept  in  mild  imprisonment,  but  on  the  accession  of  Frederick  William  IV  of 
Prussia,  he  was  released,  returned  to  Jena,  married,  and  was  given  his  old 
government  position.  But  his  principles  were  too  liberal,  and  he  was 
requested  by  the  authorities  to  leave  Europe  and  take  up  his  abode  in  America. 
With  his  family  he  came  to  Allentown  and  made  his  home  with  his  brother. 
Robert  was  taught  the  materia  medica  during  the  year  they  resided  at  Allen- 
town. He  afterward  removed  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  William  to  Boston, 
and  it  was  not  long  before  they  together  founded  the  Brattleboro  (Vt.) 
water  cure.  This  was  established  in  1846,  and  was  continued  until  185 1. 
Dr.  William  expected  in  removing  from  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania  to 
Boston  to  find  again  that  cultured  companionship  he  had  known  in  Germany, 
and  doubtless  believed  the  physicians  of  Boston  would  be  liberal  enough  to 
investigate  the  new  medical  system ;  but  he  was  met  by  ridicule  and  contempt. 
He  passed  his  sons  and  nephews  through  Harvard  AJedical  School,  however, 
and  set  himself  quietly  to  practice.  At  that  time  there  were  four  or  five 
homoeopathic  physicians  in  Boston,  among  whom  Wesselhoeft's  greater  experi- 
ence gave  him  the  lead.  He  was  soon  engaged  in  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 
During  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  became  aware  that  he  was  overtaxing  his 
constitution.  He  went  for  a  vacation  to  the  country,  but  a  cold  brought  him 
back  to  the  city.  He  sent  to  Philadelphia  for  Hering,  his  old  friend,  refusing 
to  see  all  others  that  he  might  have  strength  to  talk  to  him.  About  twelve 
hours  before  he  could  expect  him  to  arrive  he  was  sitting  near  his  wife,  her 
hand  in  his,  when  suddenly 'he  brought  his  other  hand  upon  it,  pressed  it 
tenderly  several  times  and  said  "Will  you  go  with  me?"  Then  he  arose, 
made  two  or  three  firm  steps  towards  the  bed  and  fell.  On  being  raised  up 
it  was  seen  that  he  "was  beyond  and  above  "—September  i,  1858. 

Another  of  this  little  medical  fraternity  in  Pennsylvania  was  Eberhard 
Freytag,  then  practicing  in  Bethlehem.  At  that  time  he  was  sixty  years  old. 
He  was  associated  with  all  the  advancements  of  the  new  system  in  Northamp- 
ton county,  in  the  first  society  and  the  academy.  Until  the  time  of  his  death. 
March  14.  1846,  he  was  an  enthusiastic  believer  in  the  new  medical  law.' 
He  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  institute,  and  his  was  the  first 
death  presented  to  that  society.     He  was  82  years  when  he  died.     The  records 


HISTORY  OF  HOMGEOPATHY  135 

of  his  life  are  meagre.  The  Northampton  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society  passed  resolutions  of  regret  and  resolved  to  report  the  death  at  the 
meeting  of  homoeopathic  physicians  about  to  assemble  in  convention  at  Phila- 
delphia in  May.  These  resolutions  appear  in  the  transactions  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Hornoeopathy  for  1846. 

Rev.  Christian  J.  Becker  was  an  original  director  of  Allentown  Academy. 
He  became  a  successful  practitioner  among  his  parishioners  and  was  a  member 
of  the  first  homoeopathic  medical  society.  About  1838  he  practiced  homoe- 
opathy at  Harrisburg. 

Dr.  John  Romig  was  born  in  Lehigh  county,  January  3,  1804,  and  was 
of  German  ancestry.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1825,  and  located  at  Fogelsville,  Lehigh  county.  •  In  the  spring  of  1829  he 


H.  H.  Hoffman.   M.  D. 

removed  to  Allentown,  forming  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Charles  H.  Martin. 
About  1832  or  1833  he  commenced  to  practice  homoeopathy  and  was  asso- 
ciated in  all  the  homoeopathic  enterprises  of  that  time.  He  was  professor  of 
obstetrics  in  the  Allentown  Academy.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Baltimore 
with  others  to  introduce  homoeopathy.  Drs.  Haynel  and  McManus  were  then 
in  homoeopathic  practice  there.  He  remained  but  two  years,  returning  to 
Allentown,  where  he  passed  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  had  two  sons,  William 
H.  and  George  M.  Romig,  both  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  George  in  1870  and 
William  in  1871. 

One  of  the   important  members  of  this   homoeopathic  brotherhood   and 


136  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

one  whose  influence  was  extensive,  was  Rev.  Johannes  Helfrich.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  John  Henry  Helfrich  of  Mosbach  in  Germany,  who  was  sent  to 
America  by  the  Moravian  synod  of  Holland  in  1771.  He  was  placed  at 
Weisenberg  in  Lehigh  county  (then  called  Northampton)  and  at  this  place 
Johannes  was  born  January  17,  1795.  He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  at 
Philadelphia  and  while  yet  there  pursuing  his  studies  he  was  called  to  the 
charge  kft  vacant  by  his  father's  recent  death.  This  was  in  the  spring  of 
1816.  He  was  licensed  and  accepted  the  call,  and  three  \ears  later  he  received 
ordination  at  the  synod  of  Lancaster.  He  served  this  charge  all  his  life.  On 
April  19,  1818,  he  married  Salome  Schantz.  Three  years  after  marriage  he 
purchased  a  home  within  a  mile  from  that  in  which  his  father  had  resided. 
He  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Germans  and  his  house  became  a  hospitable 
home  for  many  immigrants.  L'ntil  his  two  sons  were  grown  to  manhood  he 
kept,  at  different  times,  six  very  able  German  teachers  who  were  well  versed 
in  the  sciences.  At  this  time  his  home  was  known  a.11  about  the  country  as 
the  "  W'eisenberg  Academy."  He  was  the  means  of  educating  many  who 
afterwards  became  professional  and  influential  men.  Among  the  German 
professors  at  his  academy  was  Dr.  William  Wesselhoeft.  It  was  through 
Wesselhoeft  that  Mr.  Helfrich  became  interested  in  homoeopathy.  He  read 
his  medical  books,  listened  to  his  discussions  on  the  new  medical  law,  and 
with  him  made  many  botanical  expeditions  in  order  to  find  new  remedies. 
Mr.  Helfrich  also  became  intimate  with  Hering  and  was  greatly  influenced 
by  his  enthusiasm.  For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Helfrich  in  connection  with 
his  pastoral  labors  was  accustomed  to  prescribe  homoeopathic  remedies  for  the 
ailments  of  his  parishioners,  but  this  so  overtaxed  his  strength  that  he 
required  all  patients  to  call  at  his  home.  It  was  soon  filled  with  invalids 
and  took  the  form  of  a  hospital,  rather  than  a  school.  In  the  fall  of  1830 
Mr.  Helfrich  arranged  his  work  to  devote  two  davs  weekly  to  medical  treat- 
ment. On  these  days  as  many  as  twenty  or  thirty  patients  were  regularly 
present  and  homoeopathy  w^as  given  a  practical  test.  Dr.  Wesselhoeft,  at 
that  time  settled  at  Bath,  made  Aveekly  visits  to  the  Weisenberg  hospital  to 
assist  in  the  treatment  and  to  further  instruct  Helfrich.  The  results  of  this 
clinic  and  dispensary  were  very  encouraging.  These  meetings  were  con- 
tinued until  the  establishment  of  the  Northampton  society  in  1834.  Then 
came  the  establishment  of  the  Allentown  Academy,  of  which  Mr.  Helfrich 
was  a  founder.  From  this  institution  Mr.  Helfrich  received  one  of  the  first 
diplom.as  granted.  He  was  now  fully  established  as  a  phvsician  and  the 
demands  uijon  his  medical  skill  constantly  increased.  His  eldest  son,  John 
Henry  Helfrich,  graduated  in  Philadelphia  as  a  physician  in  1846  and  estab- 
lished himself  in  his  father's  home  in  Weisenberg.  In  1849  Mr,  Helfrich 
published  a  German  book  on  homoeopathic  veterinarv  practice,  the  first  book 
on  the  subject  published  in  this  countrv.  Dr.  J.  H.'  Helfrich,  the  son,  prac- 
ticed in  Allentown  until  his  death.     The  elder  Helfrich  died  April  8,  1852. 

The  weekly  reunions  of  these  earnest  physicians,  Wesselhoeft,  Detwiller, 
Freytag  and  Becker,  were  begun  in  1828,  and  were  held  for  convenience  at 
the  house  of  Dr.  Freytag  in  Bethlehem.  In  1829  an  epidemic  of  dvsenterv 
occurred  in  Northampton  county,  and  at  that  time  Dr.  Wesselhoeft  gave  up 
the  old  practice  and  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the  practice  of  homoeopathv. 
For  a  year  he  treated  free  all  cases  that  came  to  him.  wishing  to  learn  more 
thoroughly  the  new  m.ateria  medica.  He  established  offices  in  Bath  and  sur- 
rounding places,   where  he   invited  the   sick   to  come   for  treatment,   and   he 


HISTORY  OF  HOAIGEOPATHY 


137 


devoted  a  part  of  each  day  to  these  cHnics.  Previous  to  1830  he  furnished 
all  the  medicines  and  books,  but  in  that  year  Dr.  Detwiller  received  the  com- 
plete publications  of  homceopathy  and  also  its  medicines  from  Dr.  Siegrist 
of  Basel  (Basle),  who  had  been  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Switzerland  for 
several  years.  But  there  was  need  of  a  more  extended  organization,  and  on 
August  23,  1834,  was  formed  the  Homoeopathic  Society  of  Northampton  and 
Counties  Adjacent,  of  which  mention  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  chapter.  In 
the  meantime,  however,  homoeopathy  had  been  introduced  into  Philadelphia 
by  Dr.  Carl  Ihm,  a  native  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  and  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Wurzburg,  in  Bavaria.  It  is  supposed  that  his  coming  to 
Philadelphia  was  induced  by  William  Geisse,  a  wealthv  German  merchant  of 
that  city,  and  a  personal  friend  of  Hahnemann,  with  the  purpose  of  investi- 
gating the  truth  of  homoeopathy.  Dr. 
Ihm  studied  the  doctrine,  adopted  its 
tenets  and  began  practice.  He  was  the 
first  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  city. 
In  the  latter  part  of  1833  he  went  to 
Tioga  county,  practiced  there  with  Dr. 
Lewis  Saynich,  and  afterward  went  to 
Cuba. 

The  question  of  precedence  in 
next  prescribing  homoeopathic  medi- 
cines in  Philadelphia  seems  to  lie  be- 
tween Dr.  Charles  F.  Matlack  and  Dr. 
George  H.  Bute.  Matlack  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1820.  In  an  autograph  letter  ho 
writes  :  "  I  may  here  remark  that  I  be- 
lieve I  was  the  first  American  physi- 
cian in  chronological  order  who  prac- 
ticed in  Philadelphia  according  to  the 
homoeopathic  method.  I  employed  it 
by  way  of  experiment  as  earlv  as  the 
winter  of  1832-33."  He  practiced 
homoeopathy  in  the  city  for  manv 
years,  removing  thence  to  German- 
town  in  1851.  In  1833  he  translated 
Hering's  address  before  the  Hahne- 
mannian  Society— Kurze  Uebersicht  der  Homoeopathischen  Hcilkunst  (A  Con- 
cise View  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine).  He  died  in 
1874.  Dr.  Matlack  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  his  early 
stand  for  homceopathy  probably  influenced  the  course  taken  bv  so  many  of 
that  sect,  both  in  the  United  States  and  in  England,  in  relation  to  the  adoption 
of  homoeopathy. 

George  Henry  Bute  was  born  in  the  duchy  of  Schaumburg  Lippe  Buecke- 
burg,  May  20,  1792.  During  the  French  dominion  in  Germany  he  left 
home  to  escape  military  conscription.  He  led  a  roving  life  for  several  years, 
serving  on  a  Dutch  man-of-war.  He  visited  the  soudiern  parts  of  Europe, 
even  Constantinople,  but  deserted  at  Genoa,  traversed  Germany  on  foot  and 
came  to  the  United  States,  reaching  Philadelphia  in  August,  1810.  He 
became   acquainted    with    the    M(M-avians    through    their   liishop.    and    in    1822 


J.  C.  Burgher,  I\I.  D. 


138  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

entered  Nazartth  Hail,  the  ^Moravian  boarding  school  at  Nazareth,  Pa.,  as 
teacher.  Pie  married  at  Xazareth  Mary  Bardill.  daughter  of  a  Moravian 
missionary,  in  April  1825,  and  returned  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed in  a  store  until  after  the  arrival  from  Germany  of  his  younger  brother 
Charles,  when  the  two  started  a  sugar  refinery.  In  1828  he  received  a  special 
commission  to  go  to  Surinam  (Dutch  Guiana)  as  a  Moravian  missionary. 
Being  stationed  in  the  city  of  Paramaribo,  he  became  acquainted  with  Dr. 
Constantine  Hering,  who  was  there  as  a  botanist  and  geologist  for  the  Saxon 
government,  and  who  was  also  practicing  homceopathy.  Bute  became  a  stu- 
dent of  Hering,  but  returned  to  the  United  States  in  183 1.  He  landed  in 
Boston  and  later  went  to  Nazareth  to  perfect  himself  in  medicine.  The  chol- 
era epidemic  of  1832  broke  out  in  Philadelphia  and  he  went  there,  devoting  his 
time  to  the  care  of  the  victims  and  the  custody  of  the  hospital  on  Qierry 
street.  He  was  a  partner  with  Hering  in  Philadelphia  and  practiced  there 
for  six  years,  when  ill  health  compelled  his  return  to  Nazareth,  where  he 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  died  there  February  13,  1876,  aged  eighty-three 
vears.  He  was  the  prover  of  several  important  remedies  and  all  his  life  was 
enthusiastic  in  the  advancement  of  homceopathy. 

Constantine  Hering  was  the  most  powerful  factor  in  the  growth  of  early 
American  homoeopathy.  He  was  a  physician,  poet,  scientist,  naturalist,  psy- 
chologist, scholar  and  author.  Reaching  America  just  at  a  time  when  there 
was  need  of  some  one  to  organize  the  few  men  who  were  practicing  homoe- 
opathy and  to  find  methods  to  spread  the  new  medical  doctrine,  Hering  was 
alDle  to  accomplish  all  these  things.  When  he  had  been  in  this  country  only 
a  few  months  we  find  him  addressing  the  little  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic 
Society  on  the  subject  of  homceopathy,  in  which  address  he  gave  a  complete 
account  of  Hahnemann  and  his  discoveries  and  practice.  He  was  the  principal 
mover  in  the  establishment  of  that  first  college  of  homoeopathy,  the  Allen- 
town  Academy,  whose  graduates  spread  the  truths  of  the  new  doctrine  all 
over  the  country,  although  in  1835,  when  the  academy  was  opened,  there  were 
no  practitioners  of  the  system  in  any  state  except  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  in  1840  there  were  practitioners  in  sixteen  different  states,  and  the 
pupils  of  the  Allentown  Academy  had  carried  the  new  medical  system  into  all 
of  them. 

Constantine  Hering  was  born  in  Oschatz.  a  small  town  between  Dresden 
and  Leipsic,  January  i,  1800.  The  family  originally  was  from  Moravia  and 
the  family  name  was  Hrinka.  His  father  was  devoted  to  teaching  and  music, 
and  published  several  works  on  musical  instruction.  In  1795  he  was  given 
the  position  of  conrector  and  organist  of  the  church  of  Oschatz,  with  the 
title  of  magistcr.  His  family  consisted  of  three  daughters  and  four  sons. 
When  Constantine  Hering  was  born  his  father  was  seated  at  the  organ,  and 
when  the  news  was  brought  to  him,  answered  with  that  grand  old  anthem  of 
praise,  "Nun  Danket  Alle  Gott."  The  diligence  passed  through  the  town  of 
Oschatz  and  often  a  traveller  of  note  stopped  over  night  and  spent  the  even- 
ing with  Magister  Hering.  Hering  listened  to  their  talk.  Seume,  a  literary 
man,  inspired  him  with  his  talk  about  America  and  democracy  and  love  of 
freedom  and  hatred  of  the  privileged  classes.  His  teachers  were  cultured  men ; 
August  Rudolph  was  an  excellent  mathematician  and  taught  him  to  love 
mathematics.  History  young  Hering  called  "a  collection  of  foolish  and  hor- 
rible things.''  He  preferred  the  study  of  plants,  insects  and  stones.  He 
earned  reproof  from  Herr  Rudolph  by  refusing  to  call  Peter  of  Russia,  Peter 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  139 

the  Great,  but  wrote  in  his  composition,  "Peter,  whom  fools  call  great."  Her- 
ing  in  his  boyhood  saw  the  march  to  Russia  of  the  French  army,  and  its  ter- 
rible retreat.  A  part  of  the  army  passed  by  his  father's  door,  and  one  day  a 
company  halted  and  demanded  food.  Constantine,  then  twelve,  ran  out  with 
a  loaf  of  black  (rye)  bread,  which  an  officer  took  only  to  fling  it  on  the 
ground  where  it  was  kicked  about  by  the  soldiers.  "It's  good  bread,''  said 
the  boy,  "my  mother  made  it;  don't  you  know  God  will  punish  you  for  throw- 
ing bread  away?"  On  the  retreat  the  same  squad  stopped  again  at  the  door 
and  again  young  Hering  took  out  bread,  this  time  white  bread,  to  them.  The 
same  officer,  wasted  and  in  rags,  his  arm  in  a  sling,  met  the  boy.  "Ah !  my 
boy,"  he  explained,  "the  curse  you  told  us  of  has  fallen  upon  us." 

Hering  found  his  first  stimulus  to  natural  history  on  a  grapevine,  the 
caterpillar  called  sphynx  atropos.  This  atropos,  followed  in  later  years  by  the 
lachesis  (the  poisonous  snake),  reminded  him  of  the  "Three  Fates."  He 
once  said :  "The  destinies  have  come  to  me  in  reverse  order."  First  came 
atropos,  the  inflexible,  who  cuts  the  thread  of  life,  next  lachesis,  who  spins 
it,  and  finally  clotho,  holding  the  distaff.  He  likened  his  work  in  writing  the 
materia  medica  to  the  spinning  of  threads  in  a  fabric,  and  when  the  web  was 
well  done,  he  said,  "When  I  shall  be  called  hence  the  work  will  be  left  on 
the  loom  for  other  hands  to  weave."  He  now  became  enthusiastic  in  col- 
lecting insects,  stones  and  plants.  He  made  long  excursions  to  the  neigh- 
boring hills  and  valleys  and  returned  laden  with  specimens.  He  would  stop 
at  some  inn  to  arrange  them,  and  it  was  there  he  learned  the  plain  simple 
language  he  so  much  loved. 

In  1817  the  }'Oung  naturalist  was  sent  to  an  academy  in  Dresden,  where 
he  studied  surgery.  A  year  later  a  copy  of  Euclid  fell  into  his  hands  at  an 
old  book  stall.  He  resolved  to  go  home  and  give  himself  to  Greek  and  mathe- 
matics, which  he  did  until  1820,  when  he  went  to  Leipsic,  where  he  studied 
seven  courses  in  medicine.  He  then  went  to  Wurzburg.  attracted  by  the 
fame  of  Schoenlein,  the  pathologist,  with  whom  he  formed  a  friendship  which 
his  conversion  to  homoeopathy  never  disturbed.  He  graduated  at  Wurzburg 
with  the  highest  honors,  in  1826.  As  was  the  custom,  he  presented  at  gradu- 
ation a  thesis  which  he  was  obliged  to  defend  in  public  disputation  with  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  and  students.  The  following  preamble  in  Latin  was  printed, 
on  the  cover  of  his  dissertation : 

"  Johann  Lucas  Schoenlein,  Dean  pro  tempore  of  the  gracious  order  of  physicians, 
Doctor  of  Philosophy,  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  public  professor  in  ordinary,  etc.,  etc., 
with  all  due  courtesy,  invites  the  noble  vice-rector  of  the  Academy,  the  senate  fathers, 
the  professors  of  all  grades,  the  academic  citizens,  finally  men  of  letters  and  the  patrons 
of  letters,  to  public  disputation,  to  be  held  March  22d.  1826,  at  9  A.  M.,  by  the  very 
noble,  illustrious  and  learned  man.  INIr.  Constantine  Hering,  Saxon,  under  the  presidency 
of  Caritanus  Textor,  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  Aledicine  and  Surgery,  Aulic  Councillor  to 
the  August  King  of  Bavaria,  and  public  professor  in  ordinary,  etc.,  etc.,  for  the  purpose 
of  duly  obtaining  the  highest  honors  in   Medicine,  Surgery  and  Obstetrics." 

This  printed  invitation  which  young  Hering  had  to  extend  for  his  dis- 
putatio  inauguralis  contained  a  number  of  short  propositions  or  theses  in 
Latin,  each  one  of  which  he  stood  ready  to  defend  in  argument.  A  transla- 
tion of  the  "Qiiestioncs  inaugiilares  and  Theses"  is  here  given : 

1.  Springs  are  living  fossils. 

2.  I  hold  that  there  are  nerves  in  the  placenta.  .         ^^ 

3.  The    "ganglion   petrosum "   is    to   the   ear   what   the   "ganglion   ophthalmicum 
is  to  the  eye. 


14(1  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

4.  The  olfactory,  cptic  and  acoustic  nerves  are  apophyses  of  the  cerebrum  and 
cerebellum,  not  nerves. 

5.  The  old  man  is  the  perfect  man. 

6  Materia  Medica  is  to  Hahnemann  what  Pathology  was  to  Hippocrates. 

7.  Such  as   life  is,   is   disease. 

8.  The  rational  system  is  not  merely  the  better,  but  the  only  one  in  pathology. 

9.  I   deny  psychical   diseases. 

10.     Any  disease  may  be  removed  at  any  stage. 

Hering  received  his  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics. 
March  22.  1826.  His  medical  examination  was  severe,  doubly  so  because  of 
his  known  devotion  to  homoeopathy.  From  1817  to  1826,  the  nine  years 
previous  to  graduation,  Hering's  life  was  that  of  a  student.  By  his  fellows 
he  was  nicknamed  "Wisent,"  from  his  studious  habits.  He  was  poor  and 
his  privations  were  many.  He  first  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  by 
promising  to  write  against  it.  His  preceptor  in  the  University  of  Leipsic, 
Dr.  J.  Henry  Robbi,  who  had  been  surgeon  in  the  army  of  Napoleon  and  had 
served  in  Larrey's  ambulatice,  introduced  Hering  into  practical  surgery  and 
in  1820  made  him  one  of  his  assistants.  Baumgartner,  the  founder  of  a  pub- 
lishing house,  wanted  a  book  written  against  homoeopathy,  for  after  Hahne- 
mann was  obliged  to  leave  Leipsic  to  escape  persecution  it  was  thought  that 
homoeopathy  would  die  out,  but  as  this  death  seemed  too  slow  this  book  was 
intended  to  hasten  the  end.  Robbi  was  offered  the  work  but  refused  and 
recommended  his  assistant.  It  was  nearly  completed  when,  in  order  to  make 
quotations,  Hering  was  provided  with  Hahnemann's  books.  In  the  third  vol- 
ume of  the  "Materia  Medica"  he  found  the  "nota  bene  for  my  critics."  This 
induced  him  to  make  experiments,  and  ended  in  convincing  him  of  the  truth 
of  homa-opathy.  The  book  was  never  finished.  An  old  friend,  an  apothe- 
cary, was  delighted  that  he  was  writing  against  homoeopathy,  but  when  Her- 
ing went  to  him  one  day  for  some  peruvian  bark,  telling  him  he  wished  it 
for  a  homoeopathic  proving,  his  friend  said.  "My  young  friend,  don't  you  know 
there  is  danger  in  that?"  Herins"  replied  that  as  he  was  a  luathematician  he  •, 
believed  he  could  distinguish  the  true  from  the  false.  His  old  friends  and 
others  now  shunned  \iim  and  said  he  was  going  crazy. 

In  making  an  autopsy  Hering  poisoned  a  finger,  which  soon  became 
gangrenous.  Leeches,  calomel  and  caustics  were  of  no  avail  and  amputation 
was  advised  and  rejected.  He  did  not  yet  believe  that  external  diseases  could 
be  benefited  by  internal  remedies  and  when  an  older  practitioner  of  homoe- 
opathy proposed  to  treat  the  hand  with  homoeopathic  pellets,  he  ridiculed  the 
suggestion,  but  permitted  him  to  give  him  some  small  doses  of  arsenic.  The 
wound  soon  began  to  heal.  Hering  said  of  this:  "I  owed  to  it  far  more 
than  the  preservation  of  a  finger.  To  Hahnemann,  w^ho  had  saved  my  finger, 
I  gave  my  whole  hand,  and  to  the  promulgation  of  his  teaching,  not  only  my 
hand,  but  the  entire  man,  body  and  soul."  " 

After  graduation  Hering  became  a  teacher  of  natural  sciences  and  mathe- 
matics in  the  Blochmann  Institute,  an  academy  in  Dresden  for  educating 
young  noblemen.  On  recomiuendation  of  Blochmann,  he  was  sent  by  the  king 
of  Saxony  on  a  botanical  and  zoological  expedition  to  Surinam  and  Cayenne. 
An  old  friend.  Christophe  Weigel,  was  appointed  botanist  to  the  expedition. 
He  remained  in  Surinam  six  years.  While  he  pursued  his  naturalist  work 
he  also  practiced  homceopathy.  He  resided  in  the  INIoravian  colony  of  Surinam 
and  had  every  opportunity  to  practice  his  profession.  During  his  stav  he 
wrote  letters  and  papers  on  homoeopathy  for  his  friend  Stapf,  editor  of  the 

» 

i 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  141 

"Arcliiv  fur  die  liomoopathishee  Heilkunst,"  a  homoeopathic  journal  of  that 
period.  This  offended  the  physician  of  the  king,  and  orders  were  sent  from 
the  government  to  abandon  his  homoeopathy  and  to  attend  to  his  zoological 
duties  alone,  and  in  future  to  avoid  publishing  such  offensive  articles.  The 
day  after  he  received  this  letter  Hering  made  up  his  accounts  and  sent  them 
with  a  letter  resigning  further  connection  with  the  governmental  mission. 
He  then  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Paramaribo,  at  the  same 
time  continued  collecting  specimens.  This  double  pursuit  he  soon  found  too 
much,  and  learning  through  a  friend,  George  Bute,  that  an  academv  of  natural 
sciences  had  been  founded  in  Philadelphia,  and  that  Rev.  Mr.  Schweinitz,  a 
well  known  mycologist,  was  a  prominent  member,  he  decided  in  1830  to  send 
all  his   botonical   collections,   mostly  cryptogramic,   and  zoological  collections 


11  (.ring's  Lachesis  bnaKc. 

to  this  academy.  He  did  so  and  became  a  corresponding  memlier.  1  he  life 
of  Constantino  Hering  in  Guiana  was  interesting.  He  was  a  visitor  to  the 
leper  colony  of  Surinam,  seeking  to  alleviate  the  terrible  suffering,  and  his 
observations  there  greatly  enriched  the  therapeutics  of  leprosy.  He  studied 
the  habits  and  customs  of  the  Creoles,  mulattoes,  negroes  and  Arrowackian 
Indians.  He  penetrated  deep  into  the  trackless  forest  to  meet  this  tribe, 
and  it  was  there  he  found  the  surukuku  snake — the  lachesis — whose  atten- 
uated venom  has  relieved  many  sick  peoi)le  since  that  time.  While  he  was  in 
South  America  in  July.  1828.  Hering  and  his  wife  w^ere  living  in  a  little  camp 
on  the  upper  Amazon  river,  on  the  edge  of  the  great  tropical  forests.  The  natives 
were  his  assistants  and  had  told  him  much  of  a  deadly  serpent  living  there  and 


142  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

he  had  offered  them  a  reward  for  a  Hve  specimen.  One  day  they  brought  in  a 
bamboo  box,  and  then  fled  from  the  place.  They  had  brought  him  a  hving 
ghurukuku,  the  most  venomous  of  their  snakes.  It  was  the  lachesis  trigon- 
acephalus,  or  lance-headed  viper.  He  and  his  wife  were  alone,  and  he  was 
about  to  risk  life  itself  in  order  to  obtain  its  venom.  As  the  box  was  opened 
he  struck  the  snake  a  blow  on  the  head,  and  then  placed  the  head  under  a 
forked  stick  and  pressed  out  the  poison  on  sugar  of  milk.  The  poison  thus 
obtained  was  for  many  years  the  onlv  supply  used  in  preparing  the  attenua- 
tions of  our  lachesis.  He  brought  the  dead  snake  with  him  to  the  United 
States  and  it  is  now  preserved  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  ship  in  which  Hering  sailed  from  South  America  was  old  and  badly 
handled.  She  was  bound  for  Salem,  jMass..  but  went  ashore  on  the  Rhode 
Island  coast,  and  finally  put  in  at  Martha's  Vineyard.  Hering  stepped  ashore 
on  a  Sunday  morning  in  January,  1833.  On  the  ground  lay  snow,  the  first  he 
had  seen  in  seven,  years.  'T  took  it  up,"  he  said,  "and  was  happy."  He  soon 
went  to  Philadelphia,  and  there  passed  the  rest  of  his  life.  Dr.  Hering  always 
retained  pleasant  recollections  of  his  life  in  South  Am-erica.  He  kept  the 
golden  piece,  his  first  fee  there,  as  a  keep-sake  and  his  son-in-law,  Dr.  Knerr, 
still  has  it. 

In  Pennsylvania  in  1833  there  were  ten  physicians  practicing  homoe- 
opathy, and  of  these,  Drs.  Bute,  Ihm  and  ]\Tatlack  were  in  Philadelphia.  Bute 
at  once  welcomed  Hering,  who  became  associated  with  him  in  practice.  Al- 
though he  had  to  fight  bitter  prejudice,  it  w^as  not  long  before  his  skill  gained 
for  him  a  large  clientage.  In  (he  first  year  of  his  residence  in  the  city  he 
married  Alarianne  Hussman,  daughter  of  George  Hussman.  Dr.  Hering's 
influence  was  at  once  felt.  There  was  the  faithful  coterie  in  Northampton 
county.  Louis  Saynich  was  at  Blossbm-g  and  Edward  Mansa  in  Buffalo 
township.  Hering  was  welcomed,  and  in  that  same  year  of  1833  there  "was 
formed  in  Philadelphia  the  Hahnemannian  Society.  It  was  organized  on 
Hahnemann's  birthday,  April  10,  1833,  but  three  months  after  Hering  reached 
the  city,  and  was  composed  of  both  physicians  and  laymen.  On  i\pril  18,  1833, 
Hering  delivered  a  schoiarlv  address  "A  Concise  View  of  the  Rise  and  Prog- 
ress of  Homoeopathic  Medicine,"  in  which  he  gave  an  account  of  the  life  of 
Hahnemann,  his  progressive  discoveries  in  medicine  and  a  lucid  explanation 
of  the  real  principles  underlying  homoeopathy.  He  said :  "May  our  benefi- 
cent Society  largely  contribute  to  the  wider  prevalence  and  reception  of  the 
Hahnemannian  doctrines ;  may  that  which  single  individuals  can  of  them- 
selves scarcely  achieve  be  effectuated  bv  united  efforts ;  then  in  this  blessed 
country,  may  the  miseries  of  disease  be  diminished,  future  generations  be 
rescued  from  its  leaden  fetters,  the  bitterest  human  misery — disease  bearing 
down  all  earthly  iov  become  less  from  year  to  year  and  the  sweetest  boon  on 
earth — health  and  domestic  felicity,  become  the  portion  of  growing  thousands. 
*  *  *  It  will  succeed  here  sooner  than  in  Europe,  for, '  among  a  free 
people,^  who  with  practiced  eyes,  soon  discern  the  truly  useful,  a  treasure 
like  this  new  art  must  quickly  be  estimated  in  a  degree  commensurate  with  its 
real  value.  *  *  *  The  American  people  demand  facts  and  upon  these  we  can 
confidently  and  .securely  rest  for  our  support.  The  language  of  opposition 
may  be  employed  against  it,  but  truth  is  not  long  obscured  here  by  forms  of 
speech.  The  victory  will  be  ours,  and  in  a  century  to  come  the  anniversary 
of  our  society,  this  first  step  on  the  way  which  must  lead  to  the  public  and 


HISTORY  OF  HOMGEOPATHY 


143 


general  acknowledgment  of  the  new  doctrines  will  be  solemnized  with  grate- 
ful remembrance.  So  great  an  aim  cannot  be  attained  without  labor,  but  we 
are  prepared  to  undertake  it ;  we  shall  not  arrive  at  it  without  conflict,  but  we 
stand  equipped  for  conflict ;  we  shall  not  reach  it  without  defamation,  but  we 
v/ill   suffer    ridicule   and   defamation   with   composure." 

Hering's  address  was  published  in  German  by  Wesselhoeft,  and  was 
translated  into  English  by  Matlack  and  published  by  the  Hahnemannian  Soci- 
ety in  1833.  It  made  a  small  octavo  pamphlet  of  thirty  pages,  and  was  the 
second  homoeopathic  publication  printed  in  the  United  States.  Having  been 
printed  in  German  and  English,  and  being  largely  circulated  and  extensively 


John  Ilcni-y  l-lnt,,,  M.  1). 


noted  and  quoted  by  the  public  press,  the  address  brought  homoeopathy  to  the 
notice  of  the  people.     Dr.  Hering  died  in  Philadelphia,  July  23,  1880, 

Dr.  P.  Scheurer  was  of  the  Allentown  coterie.  He  was  born  in  Lehigh 
county,  August  18,  1799,  and  labored  in  the  ministry  for  fifty  years.  Ill  health 
induced  him  to  read  medical  books  and  he  acquired  a  knowledge  regarding 
the  practice  of  medicine.  In  1839  he  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  and 
afterward  practiced  successfully,  devoting  nearly  all  his  time  to  it.  He  died 
at  Hanover,  April  20,  1875. 

In  the  list  of  directors  of  Allentown  Academy  appears  the  name  John 
Henry  Floto.  He  also  was  a  student  and  received  a  diploma.  He  went  to 
California  and  lived  to  enjoy  the  distinction  of  being  the  oldest  homoeopathic 
physician  in  the  world.    Jn  January,  1896,  the  "Pacific  Coast  Journal  of  Homoe- 


144  HISTORY  OF  HO^KEOPATIiY 

opathy"  published  liis  picture  with  the   legend:     "John  H.   Floto,  the  oldest 
practicing  homcopathist  in  the  world." 

Christian  Frederic  Geist  was  a  member  of  the  Allentown  Academy  in 
1836.     He  afterward  practiced  in  Boston. 

Another  of  the  students  of  Allentown  Academy  was  Charles  Haeseler. 
After  graduation  in  1836  he  went  to  Lewistown  in  Lebanon  county,  where  he  J 
remained  two  years.     He  afterward  settled  in  Pottsville. 

Jacob  Schmidt  was  a  student  at  Allentown.  He  was  born  at  Kreuznach, 
Germany,  June  29,  1813,  came  10  the  United  States  in  1836  and  found  em- 
ployment in  his  profession  as  civil  engineer.  Fie  was  received  by  Hering  as 
a  student  in  his  office  and  member  in  his  family.  He  remained  three  years, 
having  meanwhile  attended  lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania  College  (allopathic), 
and  received  a  degree  from  the  Allentown  Academy.  Dr.  Schmidt  located 
in  Baltimore. 

GROWTH    OF     HOMOEOPATHY     IX     PEXXSVLVANIA. 

While  homoeopathy  in  Xew  York  was  establishing  itself  through  its  cir- 
cle of  enthusiastic  investigators,  the  band  of  earnest  physicians  at  the  neiw 
homcEopathic  school  at  Allentown  were  busily  engaged  in  teaching  the  doc- 
trines of  similia,  and  it  was  gaining  a  strong  foothold  in  Philadelphia  and 
certain  towns  throughout  the  state.  The  second  epoch  includes  the  period 
between  the  establishment  of  Allentown  Academy  and  the  organization  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  in  1844. 

In  January,  1833,  '^vhen  Hering  reached  Philadelphia,  there  were  but  the 
two  homoeopaths,  Ihm  and  Bute,  in  practice  there.  During  the  year  1833 
sev^^ral  physicians  had  begun  to  investigate.  Dr.  Matlack  began  practice 
about  the  same  time  as  Bute.  In  1833  William  Schmoele,  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, came  to  Philadelphia  and  became  a  student  and  assistant  of  Bute's. 
He  graduated  at  the  Allentown  Academy  and  established  a  large  practice  in 
the  city,  where  he  remained  until  1844,  when  he  returned  to  Germany  and 
spent  four  years  in  studying  special  branches  of  m.edicine,  especially  pathology 
and  morbirl  anatomy,  under  Rokitansky  and  other  pathologists.  Returning 
to  Philailelphia,  he  assisted  in  organizing  Penn  Medical  University  in  1854. 
Schmoelc  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  men  in  this  country  to  advo- 
cate the  germ  theory  of  disease.  After  1857  liis.  time  was  in  part  devoted  to 
business  operations.  The  date  of  his  death  is  unknown.  In  1835  Drs.  Jacob 
Jeanes,  Gideon  Humphrey  and  Jonas  Green,  three  allopathic  physicians,  joined 
the  homoeopathic  ranks.  Each  began  the  investigation  of  homoeopathy  on  the 
same  day. 

Dr.  Jeanes  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  October  4,  1800,  and  died  December 
18.  1877.  As  one  of  the  founders  and  faculty  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  his  professional  life  is  made  the  subject  of  extended 
mention  in  that  connection,  hence  need  not  be  repeated  here. 

Gideon  Humphrey,  the  next  of  the  three  who  embraced  homoeopathy  in 
1835,  was  born  at  Simsbury,  Conn.,  in  the  year  1776  or  1778.  His  parents 
were  of  the  ancient  family  of  Homfray  of  Normandy.  At  an  early  age^he 
lost  his  father  and  at  fourteen  he  left  home  and  made  his  way  oti  foot  to 
Fort  Niagara  to  join  his  brother.  Major  Enoch  Humphrev  of  the  army,  who 
was  stationed  there,  and  who  in  later  years  highly  distinguished  himself  at 
the  battle  of  Xew  Orleans.  The  country  about  the'  fort  was  almost  a  w^ilder- 
ness  and  the  boy  arrived  there  shoeless  and  with  bleeding  feet.     He  was  too 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  145 

}oung"  to  be  of  service  and  spent  the  most  of  his  time  with  the  Indians,  join- 
ing' them  in  hunting  excursions  and  often  sleepmg  in  the  snow  wrapped  in 
his  blanket.  After  some  years  of  wandering  hfe  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  medicme  in  New  York  city,  and  graduated  at  Columbia  College.  He 
afterward  received  appointments  as  surgeon  on  board  various  vessels,  sailing 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  world ;  was  once  captured  at  Havre,  France,  and 
tried  as  a  spy,  but  was  acquitted.  He  visited  the  West  Indies  and  was  pres- 
ent during  the  revolution  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  was  instrumental  in  saving 
manv  of  the  planters  froni  massacre.  He  joined  the  Miranda  expedition  in 
1806,  which  was  intended  to  revolutionize  a  portion  of  South  America,  and 
was  appointed  surgeon  on  the  ship  "Emperor."  They  were  attacked  by  a 
Spanish  fleet  and  captured,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  small  vessels, 
on  one  of  which  he  escaped  and  returned  to  New  York,  where  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession ;  but  inducements  were  offered  him  to  move 
further  south  and  he  located  in  Delaware  county.  Pa.  After  residing  many 
vears  in  Delaware  county  he  went  to  Philadelphia.  He  soon  became  well 
known  and  was  celebrated  for  his  great  skill  and  success.  As  age  began  to 
tax  his  powers,  he  wearied  of  city  life  and  purchased  a  home  on  the  confines 
of  Burlington,  X.  J.,  where  he  lived  in  almost  total  seclusion.  Subsequently 
he  went  to  Beverly,  \.  J.,  where  he  passed  the  rest  of  his  life,  devoting  his 
time  to  reading,  meditation  and  the  cultivation  of  his  grounds,  for  he  was  a 
lover  of  nature.  He  gradually  became  blind.  He  continued  the  practice  of 
allopathy  until  1834,  when  he  became  acquainted  with  Hering  and  was  induced 
to  investigate  homoeopathy.  He  resisted  for  some  time,  but  being  broad  and 
progressive  in  his  views  and  an  earnest  seeker  after  truth,  he  was  honest 
in  liis  trials  and  at  last  became  a  convert  to  Hahnemann's  law  and  adopted  it 
in  his  extensive  practice. .  He  published  an  "Address  to  the  Public  on  the 
Regular  Practice  of  Medicine''  (Burlington,  1848),  and  edited  "Ruoff's  Rep- 
ertory," "Broackes  on  Constipation,"  and  Curie's  "Domestic  Homoeopathy." 
He  died  at  Beverly,  August  3,   1872,  aged  94  years. 

Of.  Jonas  Green  there  is  but  little  record.  He  practiced  allopathy  in 
Philadelphia,  and  became  interested  in  homceopathy  in  1835.  In  1836  he 
published  a  pamphlet  of  24  pages,  "A  Familiar  Exposition  of  Homoeopathia, 
or  a  New  Mode  of  Curing  Diseases."  After  explaining  the  new  doctrme  he' 
says :  "For  years  after  1  first  heard  of  homoeopathia,  I  had  no  knowledge  of 
its'  doctrines,  except  that  which  I  obtained  through  the  distorted  medium  of 
the  English  medical  journals.  The  ridicule  there  cast  upon  it  by  ignorant  and 
interested  writers  at  that  time  produced  upon  my  mind,  warped  as  it  was  by 
prejudice,  a  conviction  of  its  utter  worthlessness  and  folly.  Time  rolled  on 
and  the  subject  was  forgotten  only  when  my  attention  was  called  to  it  by 
relations  of  alleged  cures  performed  by  homoeopathic  practitioners;  the  cause 
of  which  I  was  willing  to  attribute  to'  chance,  to  nature,  to  any  thing  rather 
than  to  homoeopathia.  At  length,  however,  some  of  my  personal  friends,  who, 
1  knew  had  long  labored  under  severe  indisposition  and  who  had  sought  the 
aid  of  the  most  distinguished  members  of  the  facult)-,  not  only  in  vain,  but 
whose  disease  had  been  aggravated  when  under  their  treatment,  had  recourse 
to  homoeepathia,  and  with  benefit.  An  accumulation  of  similar  facts  which 
could  be  solved  only  by  an  admission  of  the  efficacy  of  the.  new  treatment 
left  me  no  alternative  and  I  determined  to  investigate  the  principles  of  this 
wonder  working  power.  I  accordingly  experimented  upon  my  own  person, 
being  then  in  a  state  of  health,  and  found  to  my  surprise  that  I  was  very 


140 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


sensibly  affected  b>-  the  small  doses.  Still  doubting,  however,  the  issue  of  the 
first  experiment,  I  repeated  it  again  and  again  with  similar  results.  Two 
or  three  of  my  friends  about  the  same  time  took  the  same  article  and  acknowl- 
edged that  they  were  also  affected,  some  slightly,  others  more  severely  accord- 
ing to  their  different  susceptibilities.  The  evidence  of  such  facts  I  could  no 
longer  resist,  though  I  had  cherished  in  advance  a  strong  desire  to  disprove 
the  truth  of  the  doctrine.  My  next  step  was  to  try  the  medicines  upon  the 
sick ;  an  opportunity  soon  offered,  I  studied  the  symptoms  carefully,  selected 
the  remedy  according  to  the  directions  of  the  svstem,  and  had  the  pleasure  of 
witnessing  a  complete  recovery.  This  was  the  case  of  a  young  lady  who  had 
suffered  from  repcatinl  attacks  of  Fevep  and  Ague,  which  from  time  to  time  I 


Charles  Neidhard,  M.  D. 

had  removed  by  the  use  of  sulphate  of  quinine.  On  this  occasion,  however, 
being  the  third  time  she  had  relapsed-,  I.  administered  two  or  three  doses  of 
Qiina,  which  effected  a  permanent  cure,  as  more  than  a  year  has  elapsed  and 
she  has  had  no  return  of  the  disease.  The  cure  could  not  be  attributed  to  the 
force  of  the  imagination  as  the  patient  knew  nothing  of  my  plan  of  treatment. 
An  equally  wonderful  mstance  of  the  power  possessed  by  aconite  in  reducing 
arterial  action  and  febrile  excitement,  occurred  in  the  case  of  a  young  man 
of  very  full  habit  to  whom  I  was  called  one  evening  and  was  informed  that 
during  the  preceding  night  he  had  been  restless  and  delirious,  getting  no  sleep, 
during  the  day  he  had  much  heat  and  fever,  and  was  becoming  every  moment 
worse,  pain  in  the  head  violent,  pulse  full  and  quick  with  great  force,  thirst 
intolerable,  face  flushed  and  much  heat  in  the  head.  To  this  patient  I  fur- 
nished a  dose  of  aconite,  ordering  it  to  be  dissolved  in  three  or  four  table- 
spoonfuls  of  water,  one  to  be  given  every  two  or  three  hours  until  relieved; 
after  the  second  dose  the  fever  subsided,  "the  heat  abated,  he  fell  into  a  gentle 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  147 

sleep  which  continued  till  late  in  the  morning.  When  I  visited  him  next  dav 
all  the  unfavorable  symptoms  had  subsided  and  he  was  about  to  walk  out. 
nor  did  they  ever  return."  Dr.  Green  was  an  original  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  He  practiced  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  died 
December  25,  1868. 

In  1836  Dr.  Charles  Neidhard  came  to  Philadelphia  and  Dr.  G.  S.  F. 
Pfeififer  settled  in  Germantown.  Drs.  Jacob  Lentz,  Caleb  B.  Matthews, 
George  Lingen  and  Richard  Gardiner  were  added  to  the  homoeopathic  pro- 
fession in  Philadelphia  in  the  same  year.  Reminiscences  of  the  professional 
life  of  Dr.  Neidhard  may  be  found  in  the  history  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College  of  Pennsylvania,  in  which  he  was  a  conspicuous  factor. 

Of  Dr.  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  little  is  known.  He  removed  to  Philadelphia  in 
1837  and  in  1846  was  still  living  in  that  city. 

There  is  but  meagre  record  of  Dr.  George  Lingen.  He  embraced  homoe- 
opathy in  1836,  and  about  that  time  engaged  in  the  sale  of  homoeopathic  med- 
icines. In  1848  he  v/as  located  at  Yellow  Springs.  Pa.  Later  he  went  south. 
Dr.  Malcolm  iVIacfarlan  says  that  Dr.  Lingen  was  practicing  homoeopathy  at 
Mobile  in  1862-63.  He  was  a  German  of  fine  education  with  a  taste  for  the 
arts.     He  died  in  1868  at  the  age  of  fifty  years. 

Of  Dr.  Jacob  Lentz  there  is  no  record.  He  embraced  homoeopathy  in 
1836,  practiced  in  Philadelphia,  and  died  in  1841.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Homoeopathic   Society  in   1838. 

Dr.  James  Kitchen,  of  Welsh  descent,  was  born  in   Philadelphia  March 
8,  1800.     His  early  education  was  acquired  in  a  private  school  kept  by  a  Mr. 
Robinson.     Later  he  prepared  for  college  at  a  boarding  school  at  Newtown, 
Pa.     While  there  he  became  acquainted  with  Dr.  William  S.  Helmuth.     He 
entered  the  academic  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in   181 7. 
receiving  the   degree   of    A.    B.   in    1819.      He    at   once   entered   the   medical 
department  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Hewson.  and  gradu- 
ated in  1822.     Soon  after  he  went  abroad,  spending  two  years  in  travel  and 
study  in   England.   Scotland,   Holland   and   France.      In   Paris   he   listened   to 
Laennec  as  he  demonstrated  the  use  of  the  stethoscope,  then  just  invented  by 
him  ;  walked  the  wards  of  the  hospital  with  Dupuytren.  who  made  his  visits 
before  breakfast  in  dressing  gown  and  slippers;  and  attended  the  lectures  of 
Larray,  army  surgeon  to  Napoleon,  of  Broussais  and  other  eminent  medical 
men.     He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in   1824  and  opened  an  office  next  door 
to  his  father's  house.     His  first  year  of  practice  yielded  $40.00 ;  the  next  year, 
$80.00.     Finding  little  encouragement  in  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Kitchen  determined 
to  settle  in  New  Orleans.     His  trunks  were  packed  and  the  day  fixed  for  de- 
parture, when  his   father  was  taken  suddenly  sick,  and  after  a  short  illness 
died.     Before  his  death  his  son  promised  him  that  he  would  remain  in  Phila- 
delphia and  care  for  his  mother  and  sisters.     The  trunks  were  unpacked,  he 
opened  an  office  in  his  father's  house  and  assumed  the  responsibility  of  the 
head   of   a  family.      Though    Dr.   Kitchen   never   married   he   was   always   at 
the  head  of  a  large  household  and  a  large  familv  of  relatives  looked  to  him 
for   support   and   counsel.      For   sixty-six   years   his   sisters,   nephews,   nieces, 
grandnephews    and    nieces    received    his    fatherly    devotion,    and    all    of   them 
honored  their  "Uncle  Doctor"  Kitchen.     His  business  and  influence  now  rap- 
idly increased.     He  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  quarantine  station  in    1831 
and  was  post  physician  from  1832  to  1836. 

Dr.  Kitchen's  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  in   1836,  and  having 


148  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

made  a  test  of  its  medicine  and  treatment,  he  was  so  pleased  with  the  result 
that  in  1839,  after  fifteen  years  practice  of  allopathy,  he  formally  became  a 
homoeopathic  practitioner.  He  was  a  ready  writer  and  contributed  many  valu- 
able articles  to  the  journals.  In  1828  he  translated  from  the  French  Bouil- 
lard's  "Treatise  on  Rheumatism,"  and  in  1841  made  a  translation  of  Jahr's 
"Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia,"  which  was  for  some  time  the  standard  text- 
book of  homoeopathic  pharmacy.  In  its  introduction  he  gave  his  reasons  for 
embracing  homoeopathy.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Homoeopathic 
College  in  1848,  and  took  a  lively  interest  in  that  institution.  He  was  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  "Philadelphia  Journal  of  Homoeopathy."  He  practiced 
medicine  over  seventy  years.  After  an  attack  of  cholera  in  1832,  and  of  ship 
fever  in  1847,  l^^  l^^d  a  severe  attack  of  malarial  fever  in  1877,  after  which  he 
was  obliged  to  decline  night  calls.  From  July,  1893,  ^^  was  confined  to  his 
room  and  kept  his  bed  six  months  prior  to  his  death,  which  occurred  August 
19,  1894.  When  celebrating  his  ninety-first  birthdav  he  said:  "When  I  was 
born  Philadelphia  was  a  town  of  70,000  people,  and  nov/  I  have  seen  an  in- 
crease of  over  a  million." 

In  1840  there  were  several  accessions  to  the  homoeopathic  ranks,  among 
them  being  Drs.  William  S.  Helmuth,  Coburn  Whitehead.  Bernard  Bernes  and 
Samuel  R.  Dubs.  Mention  of  Dr.  Helmuth  will  be  found  in  the  history  of  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania. 

Samuel  Richard  Dubs  w^as  born  in  Philadelphia,  November  8,  181 1,  and 
was  educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  that  city.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  was  placed  in  a  drug  store,  where  he  remained  for  a  year  without  pay. 
In  1829  he  entered  the  office  of  Prof.  Charles  D.  Meigs  and  attended  a  par- 
tial course  of  lectures  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Univer- 
sity. Being  thrown  on  his  ow^n  resources,  he  bought  a  drug  store  on  credit 
and  conducted  it  so  successfully  that  he  was  able  to  continue  his  studies  and 
graduate  in  1836.  For  three  years  Dr.  Dubs  practiced  allopathy  and  then 
was  prostrated  for  months  with  haemoptysis.  When  recovered  sufficiently  to 
walk  about  he  still  suflfered  with  a  cough  and  gastromalacia.  Obtaining  no 
relief  from  allopathy,  and  having  studied  Hahnemann's  Organon  and  Materia 
Medica,  he  tried  nux  vomica,  following  it  with  doses  of  sulphur,  and  was 
cured.  He  then  adopted  the  system.  He  continued  in  active  practice  until 
in  1858  when  he  had  another  attack  of  haemoptysis  and  retired  to  his  farm 
in  Doylestown,  where  he  remained  for  two  years  quietly.  He  w^as  then 
induced  to  practice  in  the  neighborhood.  In  1868  he  returned  to  Philadelphia 
to  practice,  remaining  until  1872,  when  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  Doyles- 
town on  account  of  his  health.  He  died  at  Doylestown,  December  26.  1889, 
in  his  seventy-eighth  year.  In  1839  and  1840  Dr.  Dubs  first  advised  the  use 
of  the  decimal  scale  in  preparing  medicines  instead  of  the  Hahnemannian 
centesimal.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American  Institute,  a  mem- 
ber of.  the  Prover's  Union,  and  a  corporator  of  the  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic 
College.  He  married,  first,  in  1866,  Adelaide  Ross,  and  after  her  death,  Marv 
E.  Wolfe. 

Joseph  Bcrcns  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1841.  He  was  born  in  Eslohe. 
Westphalia.  December  2.  18 13.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in  Germany. 
In  1840  he  attended  lectures  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Pennsvlvania 
College,  and  graduated  in  March  2.  1841.  During  his  young  life  Dr.  Berens 
was  subjected  to  much  heroic  treatment,  saw  its  efifects  in  his  familv  and  was 
led  by  the  unsatisfactory  methods  of  the  old  school  to  turn  to  homoeopathv. 


HISTORY  OF  HOlilCEOPATHY 


149 


He  first  practiced  it  in  Cincinnati,  but  soon  returned  to  Philadelphia,  where 
Tie  died. 

Dr.  Bernard  Berens  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Philadelphia 
in  1840.  He  joined  the  institute  in  1846.  But  little  is  found  regarding  him. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  May  15,  1886. 

Moses  Anderson  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Philadelphia  in  the  forties, 
and  his  name  is  given  in  the  list  of  Philadelphia  homoeopathists  published  in 
the  transactions  of  the  institute  for  1846.     He  died  April  18,  1855. 

Dr.  Coburn  Whitehead  established  himself  in  Philadelphia  as  a  homoe- 
opathic physician  in  1840,  and  went  from  there  to  Harrisburg.  His  name 
iippears  as  a  member  of  the  American  institute  in  the  transactions  for  1846. 
At  tiiat  time  he  was  located  in  Harrisburgf. 


G.  Eiligcr,  a  native  of  Strasburg.  Germany,  introduced  homoeopathy  in 
Germantown  about  1845.  He  traveled  in  the  stage  coach  from  Philadelphia 
to  Bethlehem,  stopping  at  towns  on  the  way  one  day  each  week.  Afterward 
he  passed  half  of  his  time  in  Philadelphia  and  the  other  half  in  Germantown. 

During  the  years  between  1828  and  1844,  which  comprise  the  first  epoch 
of  homoeopathy  in  Pennsylvania,  the  new  school  had  become  established  in 
many  towns  iii  the  state.'  As  early  as  1832  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch.  a  German, 
highly  educated  and  a  graduate  of  medicine  from  a  German  university,  lo- 
cated at  Blossburg,  Tioga  county.  He  had  met  Hahnemann  shortly  after 
graduating,  and  during  a  discussion  with  him  had  become  convinced  of  the 
truths  of  the  new  law  of  cure.     After  coming  to  America  he  was  for  a  time 


150  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

associated  in  practice  with  Carl  Ihm  in  Philadelphia,  and  he  was  considered 
the  best  physician  in  that  part  of  the  state.  His  practice  extended  into  New 
York  and  he  was  often  called  to  visit  the  sick  in  Buffalo,  Albany,  Utica, 
Syracuse,  and  other  places  in  that  state  as  w^ell  as  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  in  1857. 

In  1832  or  1833  Dr.  Edw^ard  Mansa  came  from  Germany  and  settled  in 
Buffalo  township,  Armstrong  county,  where  he  began  practice.  He  remained 
there  until  1857,  then  went  to  Illinois  and  from  there  to  Missouri,  where  he 
died  in  1870.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  S.  Simpkins,  an  allopath,  who  in 
1859  settled  at  Slate  Lick  and  was  obliged  to  study  homoeopathy,  so  great  was 
the  demand  for  homoeopathic  remedies.  His  practice  was  of  either  school, 
as  the  people  desired.  He  died  in  1871,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  student, 
Dr.  A.  D.  Johnson,  who  was  a  graduate  of  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Col- 
lege in  1868. 

Dr.  Edward  Caspari  located  at  Prestonville,  now^  called  West  Grove, 
Chester  county,  as  early  as  1835.  He  had  been  a  student  under  Hering.  He 
remained  there  but  a  short  time,  going  thence  to  Kentucky. 

Dr.  Francis  Ehrmann  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
land county,   in   1835,  remaining  there  until   1844. 

Rev.  Christian  J.  Becker  who  had  been  a  director  of  the  Allentown  Acad- 
emy practiced  at  Harrisburg  for  a  short  time  in   1839  or   1840. 

Dr.  Walter  Williamson  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Delaware  county 
in  1836.  Dr.  Manning  B.  Roche  was  its  second  practitioner.  He  settled  near 
Darby  in  1839,  remaining  for  three  years  when  he  went  to  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,  introducing  homoeopathy  into  that  city  in  1841.  Dr.  Roche  was  born 
in  Wilmington,  Del.,  in  1790,  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  and  in  medi- 
cine at  the  Allentown  Academy.  He  retired  from  practice  in  1861  and  died 
at  Riverside,  N.  J.,  July  8,  1863,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Dr.  Alvan  E.  Small  of  Maine  located  as  an  allopath  at  Darby  in  1840 
and  became  a  homoeopath  in  1842.  He  practiced  there  until  1845.  ^vhen  he 
went  to  Philadelphia. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  several  counties  about  this  period  by 
Dr.  C.  G.  Reinhold.  He  was  born  in  Muhlhausen.^  Germany,  November  8, 
1802,  and  was  educated  at  Leipsic.  While  a  medical  student  in  Leipsic  he 
became  intimately  acquainted  with  a  disciple  of  Hahnemann,  from  whom  he 
first  heard  of  homoeopathy  and  with  whom  he  studied  that  medical  system. 
He  practiced  for  several  years  at  Muhlhausen.  In  1830  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  associated 
with  Dr.  Carl  Ihm  for  a  time.  He  remained  in  Philadelphia  until  1834,  when 
he  went  to  Lebanon,  remaining  in  that  town  until  1836,  and  from  there  went 
to  Harrisburg  and  associated  himself  with  Dr.  Becker.  They  dissolved  part- 
nership in  the  spring  of  1838,  at  which  time  Dr.  Reinhold  removed  to  Miftlin, 
Juniata  county,  where  he  remained  until  1840  and  then  located  at  Lewistown. 
He  practiced  nine  years  in  Lewistown  and  then  went  to  Boalsburg  in  Centre 
county,  locating  in  1849  a»d  remaining  there  until  1858.  In  1864,  with  his 
son,  Hahnemann  E.  Reinhold,  he  settled  at  Williamsport,  where  he  died  from 
over-exertion.  June  28,  1865,  aged  sixty-three  years.  Dr.  Reinhold  did  much 
to  introduce  homoeopathy  in  a  number  of  towns.  In  all  the  places  where  he 
settled  he  was  obliged  to  submit  to  ridicule,  slurs,  and  jeers  at  homoeopathy; 
but  he  gained  a  large  practice.     While  at  Boalsburg  his  professional  circuit 


I 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


151 


was  extensive.     He  frequently  was  called  to  Mifflin  and  Lewistown  and  into 
Huntington,  Perry,  IN'Iontour,  Union  and  Northumberland  counties. 

Dr.  Frederick  Ehrmann  was  a  physician  of  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  and 
the  son  of  a  physician.  He  had  five  sons,  all  of  whom  became  homcEopathic 
physicians.  They  were  Benjamin,  Frederick,  Christian,  Louis  and  Ernest 
Ehrmann.  Dr.  Ehrmann,  the  father,  came  with  his  family  to  Pennsylvania 
and  settled  in  York  county  about  1833.  The  Ehrmanns  were  impwDrtant  fac- 
tors in  the  introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  various  towns.  Benjamin,  when 
he  reached  this  country,  was  twenty-one.  He  soon  joined  the  Allentown 
circle  and  graduated  from  that  institution.  After  graduation  he  settled  in 
Harrisburg  and  there  in  1842  married  Elizabeth  Bigler,    About  1845  he  intro- 


Alvan  E.  Small,  M.  D. 

duced  homoeopathy  into  Lancaster  county,  settling  in  Lancaster,  where  he 
remained  for  a  few  months,  and  then  went  to  Cincinnati.  Francis  Ehrmann 
(or  Frederick)  located  at  Carlisle,  Cumberland  county,  about  1845.  He  later 
went  to  Maryland.  Ernest  J.  Ehrmann  studied  medicine  with  his  father  and 
located  in  Liverpool,  York  county,  being  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner 
there. 

In  1840  Dr.  Alexander  II.  Burrett  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Craw- 
ford county,  at  Guy's  Mills.  He  also  practiced  for  several  years  at  Conneaut- 
ville.  removing  from  there  to  Cincinnati  and  thence  to  New  Orleans. 

Dr.  Charles  Baver,  a  native  of  Wurtemburg,  located  in  Allegheny  City 
in  1841  or  1842.  He  had  been  educated  for  the  ministry  at  Tuliingen.  but 
had  decided  to  study  medicine.     He  is  said  to  have  been  retired  in  manner 


ir)2 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCKOrATHV 


and  especially  devoted  to  the  materia  medica.  In  the  winter  of  1865,  while 
going  home  from  a  professional  visit,  he  fell  on  the  ice,  his  injuries  proving 
fatal  in  a  few  days. 

In  1834  Dr.  Adolph  Bauer  established  himself  in  Lynn  township.  He 
received  a  diploma  from  the  Allentown  Academy  and  afterward  went  west. 

Dr.  Ezra  Fell  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  at  Norristown, 
Montgomery  county,  in  1842.  In  1840  one  Dr.  W'auke  had  located  at  Trappe 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  and  was  very  successful  as  a  practitioner. 
Dr.  Fell  continued  in  ])ractice  in  Norristown  until  1848,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Thomas  Pierce. 

Dr.  William  P.  Esrey  practiced  for  a  short  time  in  Norristown,  about 
1845. 


I 


Jw.-Lpli   Uercns,   M.   D. 

Dr.  Joseph  11.  rulic.  who  had  been  one  of  the  professors  at  the  Allen- 
town  Academy.  i)raciico(l  for  a  short  time  at  Troxlertown,  Northampton 
county. 

As  has  been  stared.  Dr.  Edward  Caspari  practiced  for  a  short  time  in 
West  Grove  in  1835.  After  he  left  there  was  no  homoeopathic  physician  in 
the  county  of  Chester  until  1840,  when  Dr.  Robert  ]\Iay  settled  in  Warwick- 
township,  near  Warwick  Furnace,  where  he  had  been  a  practitioner  of  allop- 
athy since  his  graduation  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1822. 
Dr.  May  said:  "I  ceased  to  use  calomel  and  the  lancet  and  finally  gave  it  up 
altogether,  being  fully  convinced  of  its  absurdities.  I  used  for  a  short  time 
after  this  Thompsonian  or  the  botanic  practice,  but  I  also  gave  that  up.  I 
then  took  a  trip  to  the  west.    After  my  return  I  heard  of  the  svstem  of  homoe- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


153 


opathy  and  determined  to  inquire  into  its  truthfulness.  Accordingly,  I  went 
to  Philadelphia  and  visited  Dr.  Williamson  and  others.  I  purchased  books 
and  medicines,  and  ever  since  have  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  its  truths." 
During  Dr.  May's  residence  at  Warv^dck  he  lectured  in  various  places  on 
homoeopathy.  AVhile  at  Warwick  he  married;  his  wife  had  studied  medicine 
and  also  practiced  to  some  extent  before  and  after  the  death  of  her  husband, 
January  26,  1867. 

In  1 841  or  1842  Dr.  Adolph  Lippe  introduced  the  system  of  Hahnemann 
to  the  people  of  Reading,  Berks  county.  He  remained  there  but  a  year  or 
two  when  his  place  was  taken  by  a  Dr.  Moore,  who  after  a  sojourn  of  two 
years  removed  to  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Caspari  practiced  for  a  few  months  at 
Reading  in  1843.  Dr.  Ezekiel  Lovejoy  was  the  pioneer  in  Bradford  county, 
as  early  as  1841.     His  professional  life, 

however,    was    more    active    in    Owego,  

New  York.     Leonard    Pratt    located    at  ; 

Towanda  previous  to  1851.  Homoeop- 
athy was  introduced  into  Union  county 
hy  Dr.  Ignatius  Brugger,  who  located 
at  New  Berlin  in  1838. 

Dr.  J.  Stuart  Leech,  after  studying 
medicine  at  Pittsburgh,  graduated  in 
1841  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia.  He  settled  that  fall  to 
practice  allopathy  in  Downington,  thirty 
miles  from  Philadelphia.  He  became  a 
friend  of  William  Downing,  who  had  re- 
cently been  made  a  convert  by  the  cure 
of  a  daughter  after  the  local  physicians 
had  failed.  One  evening  Dr.  Leech,  go- 
ing to  his  house,  made  the  remark : 
"  Well,  old  Mother  Juniper  must  die  to- 
night or  to-morrow."  She  was  a  very 
old  negress  suffering  with  asthma  and 
lived  on  a  hill  back  of  the  town.  She  had 
been  turned  over  to  the  young  physician 
bv  three  old  ones,  as  a  hopeless  case. 
Tlien  said  Mr.  Downing,  "  Why  not 
try  some  homoeopathic  remedies  ?     It  can 

do  no  h.arm,  can  it?  "  Dr.  Leech  thought  it  could  do  neither  harm  nor  good  but 
"he  was  induced  to  give  some  pellets  of  arsenicum  from  Mr.  Downing's  domes- 
tic case.  He  gave  her  half  the  contents  of  the  bottle  during  the  night  and  the 
aggravation  nearly  killed  her,  but  the  next  day  she  was  better  and  soon  per- 
fectly recovered.  Dr.  Leech  returned  to  Philadelphia,  gained  all  the  informa- 
tion possible  about  homoeopathy  and  returned  to  Downington  in  1842  to  prac- 
tice it.  He  soon  established  a  very  large  apd  lucrative  business.  He  was  born 
in  1811. 

The  first  person  to  use  homoeopathic  medicines  in  Lebanon  county  was 
a  Mr.  J.  C.  Reisner,  who  in  1835  prescribed  them  for  his  neighbors  and  others. 
Dr.  Benjamin  Becker  settled  in  the  town  in  1835,  but  remained  only  a  few 
months.  In  1840  Dr.  John  Hatton  Marsden  introduced  homceopathy  in  Adams 
count V.     He  was  at  the  time  a  clergyman  located  at  York  Sulphur  Springs. 


G.  Rfichliclm,  M.  D. 


154  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY      ^  | 

He  afterward  regularly  studied  and  graduated.  In  1845  Dr.  Ehrmann,  of 
Carlisle,  treated  certain  cases,  and  one  Jacob  Bender,  with  a  box  of  medicines 
and  a  book,  practiced  gratuitously  among  his  neighbors. 

In  1853  Dr.  Thomas  Bryan  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Beaver  county, 
locating  at  New  Sheffield.  Dr.  Pretsch  was  the  first  pioneer  in  Blair  county, 
settling  at  Hollidaysburg.  A  Catholic  priest  first  brought  homcEopathy  to 
Butler  county,  about  1854,  being  stationed  at  Saxonburg.  In  1864  Dr.  Max 
J.  Werder  located  at  Johnstown,  Cambria  county.  Dr.  J.  Crowley  Bunting 
located  at  Mauch  Chunk,  Carbon  county,  in  1855.  Dr.  C.  G.  Rheinhold  intro- 
duced it  into  Centre  county  in  1849.  Dr.  F.  S.  Smith  settled  in  Qinton  county 
in  1859.  being  the  first  homceopathist  there,  locating  at  Lockhaven.  Dr.  J. 
C.  Rutter  settled  at  Bloomsburg.  Columbia  county,  in  1855.  Dr.  S.  Marvin 
settled  at  Springfield,  Erie  county,  in  1848.  Dr.  Alonzo  Potter  Bowie  set- 
tled as  the  first  homceopathist  in  Fayette  county,  at  Uniontown.  Dr.  J, 
Gourhea.  in  1876,  was  the  only  practitioner  of  the  system  in  Green  county.  In 
Huntington  countv  Dr.  Wiestling  was  in  1859  the  homoeopathic  practitioner. 
In  Indiana  county  Dr.  W.  Hunter  was  the  pioneer,  located  at  Blairsville.  In 
JefTerson  countv  Dr.  R.  S.  Hunt  was  the  pioneer,  located  at  Brockville.  Drs. 
Samuel  Searles  and  David  C.  Porter  as  early  as  1848  located  at  New  Castle, 
Lawrence  county.  In  1865  Dr.  G.  T.  Moore  located  in  Mercer  county.  In 
Montour  county  a  Dr.  Scott  was  the  pioneer,  located  at  Danville.  In  Venango 
county  Dr.  I.  W.  Pond  was  the  pioneer ;  in  Warren  county,  Dr.  Samuel  Adams 
Robinson ;  in  Washington  county.  Dr.  George  Inglis :  in  Wayne  county.  Dr. 
EdwMn  West,  at  Honesdale.  in  1849;  i^  Westmoreland  county.  Dr.  F.  X. 
Spranger,  who  located  at  Greensburg  in  1861. 

HOMOEOPATHY    WEST    OF    THE    ALLEGHENY    MOUNTAINS. 

In  the  summer  of  1837  the  Rev.  Father  Byer,  a  Catholic  clergyman  sta- 
tioned in  Pittsburgh,  having  learned  of  the  advantages  of  homoeopathy,  wrote 
a  letter  to  Dr.  Hermg,  then  at  Allentown,  asking  him  to  send  a  homoeopathic 
practitioner  to  the  city  beyond  the  Alleghenies.  Hering  presented  this  re- 
quest to  some  of  the  younger  of  the  men  attending  his  post-graduate  school 
at  Allentown,  and  among  those  asked  to  consider  this  call  was  Gustavus 
Reichhelm,  a  young  and  enthusiastic  Prussian,  who  had  learned  the  princi- 
ples of  homoeopathy  from  Wesselhoeft,  Hering  and  others  of  the  Allentown 
faculty.  .  , 

Gustavus  Reichhelm  came  to  America  in  the  autumn  of  1834  and  became 
acquainted  with  Hering  and  his  followers.  He  was  born  at  Alt  Damm,  a 
village  near  Stettin  in  Prussia,  January  30,  1807.  He  and  his  brother  Fred- 
erick began  their  studies  at  the  preparatory  g)-mnasium.  Their  father  died 
January  30.  1816.  Gustavus  remained  at  the  gymnasium  until  ready  to  enter 
the  University  of  Halle,  where  he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  jurispru- 
dence, but  soon  changed  to  medicine.  He  continued  his  medical  studies  at 
Berlin.  The  .Vllentown  Academy  had  just  been  opened  w-hen  he  reached 
Pennsylvania,  and  he  entered  as  a  student  of  homoeopathy.  He  had  already 
commenced  to  practice  at  Hamburg,  Pa.,  when  the  request  came  from  Pitts- 
burgh. To  leave  this  medical  brotherhood  and  to  go  out  into  what  then  was 
the  wilderness  of  an  unknown  region  seemed  a  difficult  undertaking;  but 
when  Herin,2:  urged  him  to  accept  he  said,  "Give  me  five  minutes  to  think  of 
it,"  and  before  the  time  of  deliberation  was  passed  he  had  decided  to  make 
the  journey. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  155 

Dr.  Reichhclm  was  gladly  received  by  Father  Byer  and  the  few  others 
who  believed  in  the  new  method.  He  began  his  work  in  Pittsburgh  October 
lo,  1837.  He  was  known  at  first  as  the  "Dutch  Doctor,"  and  the  "Sugar- 
powder  Doctor,"  and  he  was  denounced  by  the  old  school  physicians,  ostra- 
cised by  the  clergy  and  boycotted  by  the  druggists,  but  he  went  his  way  quiet- 
ly, making  cures  and  gaming  friends  among  the  people.  He  was  employed  as 
attending  physician  at  the  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  and  the  cures  he  made 
there  attracted  much  attention.  During  twelve  years  under  his  administra- 
tion, with  several  epidemics  of  measles,  whooping  cough  and  scarlet  fever, 
there  were  but  two  deaths  in  the  institution.  It  is  said  that  more  children 
died  within  one  year  after  Reichhelm  was  superseded  by  an  allopathic  physi- 


Benj.   Becker,   M.   D. 

cian  than  during  the  whole  term  of  his  service.  The  change  of  doctors  was 
made  because  the  institution  had  passed  into  control  of  another  order  of 
sisters,  who  knew  nothing  of  homoeopathy  and  preferred  a  Catholic  medical 
attendant.  When  the  physicians  found  that  ridicule  failed  to  check  the  new 
practice  they  resorted  to  slander.  Two  prominent  allopaths  circulated  a  mali- 
cious report.  A  respectful  but  prompt  demand  was  made  for  retraction.  One 
physician  offered  an  explanation  but  the  other  ignored  Reichhelm's  note.  A 
suit  for  damages  was  brought  and  friends  of  the  parties  effected  a  compro- 
mise. For  eight  years  Reichhelm  was  alone  in  Pittsburgh,  until  1845,  when 
Dr.  Charles  Bayer  located  at  Allegheny  City,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river. 
Dr.  Reichhelm  remained  in  Pittsburgh  until  1853,  when  he  went  to  Phila- 
delphia,  where  he  practiced   until   his   death,   which   occurred    November   21, 


156  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

1861.  Dr.  Dake  thus  describes  him:  "Reichhelm  was  finely  educated,  of 
commanding  presence,  self  reliant,  of  few  words,  and  always  cheerful  and 
kind."  He  was  a  strong  figure  in  the  army  of  the  stalwart  pioneers  of  homoe- 
opathy in  America. 

Benjamin  Becker,  born  in  Sumneytown.  Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  March 
22,  1796,  was  a  son  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Becker,  a  German,  who  came  to  this  country 
in  1775.  When  fifteen  years  old  young  Becker  assisted  his  father  in  preparing 
medicines,  and  also  in  minor  surgical  operations,  and  often  went  with  him 
to  the  bedside.  After  his  father's  death,  in  181 3,  he  wished  to  continue  his 
studies,  but  having  no  means  was  obliged  to  work  for  several  years  to  earn 
them.  In  1819  he  attended  his  first  course  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  1820  he  settled  at  Lyneville,  Lehigh  county,  and  soon  had  a  good 
practice.  In  1824  he  moved  to  Hamburg,  near  the  line  of  the  Schuylkill  canal, 
then  being  excavated,  and  soon  had  a  large  practice  from  the  accidents  and 
the  malarial  fevers  prevalent  there.  In  an  epidemic  of  dysentery  that  fol- 
lowed, Dr.  Becker  by  his  novel  methods  of  practice  was  very  successful.  In 
1833  he  was  appointed  steward,  physician  and  clerk  of  the  Schuylkill  county 
poorhouse.  In  July,  1835,  he  removed  to  Orwigsburg,  where  on  account  of 
some  remarkable  cures  of  which  he  had  heard,  he  became  interested  in  homoe- 
opathy and  finally  adopted  it.  He  now  had  to  undergo  the  customary  ridi- 
cule, sarcasm  and  proscription  that  always  befell  the  conscientious  seeker  after 
medical  truth,  but  his  practice  increased  so  rapidly  and  he  had  so  many  calls 
to  Lebanon,  that  he  decided  to  move  there.  He  soon  had  an  extensive  prac- 
tice in  many  neighboring  towns.  He  thus  introduced  homceopathy  into  Leb- 
anon, Harrisburg,  Dauphin,  Lancaster,  York,  Cumberland,  Perry,  Snyder, 
Juniata,  Northumberland  and  Luzerne  counties.  In  1839  ^^  removed  his 
family  to  Orwigsburg,  surrendered  his  practice  to  his  associate,  and  during 
the  next  seven  years  traveled  in  the  west ;  and  in  five  successive  journies  he 
practiced  homoeopathy  in  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Missouri,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Cali- 
fornia. Colorado  and  Utah.  In  1866  he  received  a  degree  from  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Ignatius  Brugger,  who  first  located  in  New  Berlin,  was  born  at 
Uper-Eichsel,  Ober  Amt  Schopheim,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  July  31, 
1809.  His  father  died  when  he  was  two  years  old.  He  attended  day  school 
until  he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  then  was  obliged  to  work  for  a  farmer, 
remaining  with  him  until  he  was  fifteen.  He  then  received  several  months 
tuition  in  German,  Latin  and  French  from  a  teacher  in  Rheinfelden,  Switzer- 
land. In  November,  1826,  he  entered  the  gymnasium  at  Freiburg,  remaining 
until  1827.  He  then  studied  at  the  lyceum  at  Constance,  Baden,  for  two  and 
a  half  years,  when  he  went  to  the  University  of  Freiburg,  attending  lectures 
in  philosophy,  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics  until  April,  1834,  when  he 
came  to  America  and  arrived  in  New  York  in  October,  1834.  He  at  once 
sought  Dr.  Detwiller  of  Hellerstown,  Pa.,  who  received  him  kindly  and  invited 
him  to  study  homoeopathy  with  him  and  assist  him  in  practice.  He  accepted, 
remaining  with  Detwiller  for  several  months  and  then  commenced  practice 
in  Bucks  county,  near  Quakertown,  but  soon  removed  to  Skippacksville.  and 
from  there  to  Philadelphia.  In  January,  1838,  he  located  in  New  Berlin,  where 
he  remained  until  1856,  when  he  settled  at  Lewisburg  and  was  for  two  years 
associated  with  Dr.  J.  F.  Harvey.  In  January,  1842,  he  married  Mary  M. 
Smith  of  Berlin.     The  date  of  his  death  is  unknown. 

William   P.  Esrey  was  the  oldest  son  of  Joseph   Esrey  of  Maple  town- 


HISTORY  OF  HO^I(T:OrATHY 


l.")? 


ship,  Delaware  county,  and  was  born  in  1818.  In  1841  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Walter  Williamson  and  graduated  at  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1844.  After  graduating  he  remained  for  some  months 
with  Dr.  Williamson  in  order  to  obtain  a  more  thorough  knowledge  of  homce- 
opathy.  He  then  went  to  Norristowri.  but  was  soon  afterward  summoned 
back  to  Philadelphia  by  his  preceptor  as  an  assistant.  After  a  year  he  opened 
an  office  for  himself  in  the  city.  He  joined  the  institute  in  1846.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  work  on  anatomy  and  physiology,  and  also  compiled  a  reper- 
t'  >ry  to  the  materia  medica  of  American  provings,  which  was  published  as  part 
'  f  the  transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  He  also  trans- 
lated'several  works  from  the  German  into  English.  He  died  in  Philadelphia 
September  28,  1854. 


Obadiah  C.  Buckley.   M.  1). 


Dispensaries.  The  following  homceopathic  dispensaries  have  been  cstab- 
h'shed  in  Pennsylvania :  Allegheny  City  Free  Dispensarv,  organized,  April, 
1875;  Allentown  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  opened  in  1884;  Chester  Homoe- 
opathic Dispensary,  1882 ;  Dispensary  of  Children's  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
of  Pennsylvania,  April  24,  1877;  Dispensary  of  Qiildren's  -Homoeopathic 
Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  June  20,  1877;  Dispensary  of  Little  Wanderer's 
Home.  Philadelphia,  1870;"  Frankford  Homoeopathic  Dispensary;  Free  Dis- 
pensary of  Homoeopathic  Medical  Societv  of  Twenty-third  Warcl.  Philadel- 
phia, 1882;  Germantown  Homoeopathic  Dispen'^ary,  July  20,  i860:  Hahne- 
mann :\Iedical  College  Dispensary,  1867;  Hahnemann  Medical  College  and 
Hospital  Dispensary;  Homoeopathic  Hospital  Dispensary,  Philadelphia,  1869; 


158 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


I 


Homoeopathic  Infirmarv  of  Philadelphia,  1859:  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  of 
Southeastern  Philadelphia.  Xovemhcr  14,  1859:  Johnstown  Homoeopathic  Dis- 
pensary, 1889;  Xc^rthea'^tern  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  1874;  Philadelphia 
HomcEopathic  Dispensary.  1848:  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  Eye,  Ear,  Throat 
and  Surgical  Dispensary ;  Pittsburgh  Homoeopathic  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1866;  Reading  Homoeopathic  Medical  and  Surgical  Dispensary,  1887;  Ridge 
Avenue  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  Philadelphia. 

J.  G.  Wesselhoeft  was  the  first  to  sell  homoeopathic  books  and  medicines 
in  Pennsylvania.  As  early  as  1833  he  was  located  on  Broad  street  in  Phila- 
delphia.    Dr.  George  Lingen  sold  homoeopathic  supplies,  and  they  were  also 


Obadiah  C.  Bricklev.  iM.  D. 


sold  at  the  Academical  book  store  in  Allentown.  Jacob  Behlert  made  cases 
for  Hering's  domestic  physician.  In  1838  Dr.  John  Tanner  returned  from 
Leipsic,  where  he  had  been  a  student  of  the  Leipsic  Homoeopathic  Pharmacy, 
and  opened  the  United  States  Homoeopathic  Pharmacy  at  No.  104  Chestnut 
street,  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Gideon  Humphrey  sold  homoeopathic  medicines, 
as  also  did  Di'.  Jonas  Green.  About  1835  Mr.  William  Radde,  clerk  to  Mr. 
Wesselhoeft,  went  to  New  York  city,  taking  possession  of  that  branch  of 
his  business.  Not  long  after  Mr.  Radde  bought  out  the  Philadelphia  interests. 
In  1843  Mr.  Charles  L.  Rademacher  opened  a  pharmacy  at  No.  39  North 
Fourth  street.  In  1848  Dr.  Jacob  Sheek  became  his  partner  and  they  located 
at  239  Mulberry  street  (now  No.  635  Arch  street).  Mr.  Rademacher  with- 
drew  in    1855      Dr.    Sheek  continued  the  business  until  his   death  in   1858. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


15U 


W^illiam  Radde,  Jr.,  son  of  William  Radde,  bought  Dr.  Sheek's  stock,  con- 
tinuing in  the  same  place  imtil  his  death  in  1862.  Dr.  Francis  E.  Bo'ericke 
succeeded  him  at  the  same  location..  In  1869  Dr.  Boericke  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Adolph  J.  Tafel,  under  the  firm  name  of  Boericke  &  Tafel. 

In  1852  Matthews  and  Houard  opened  a  pharmacy  at  Eighth  and  Spruce 
streets.  The  pharmacy  afterward  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Boericke. 
There  have  been  several  others  engaged  in  the  sale  of  homoeopathic  medicines 
in  Philadelphia.  At  present  there  are  the  firms  of  Boericke  &  Tafel,  Boericke 
and  Runyon,  and  Mr.  Carl  Vischer. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania  previous  to 
i860.  The  date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  beo-an 
the  practice  of  homoeopath)-.  The  character  '^  indicates  that  the  practitioner 
originally  was  of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  physician 
practiced  medicine  before  the  date  given. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Houghton,  John  S. 

H  liber,  A.  x 

Humphre}'.  Gideon 

Hussman,  F.  C. 

Ihm,  Carl 

James,  Davis  * 

James,  Richard   S. 

James,  Bnshrod  Washington 

Jeanes,  Jacob  * 

Johnson,  J.  x 

Johnston,    Edward   R. 

Kern,  B.  F.  x 

Kitchen,    James  * 

Koch,   August   Wilhelm 

Koeifier,  E.  x 

Kreeger,  G.  H.  x 

Leech,  Charles  A. 

Lee,  John  K. 

Lcntz,  Jacob 

Leon,  Alexis  x  ^ 

Lingen,  George 

Lippe,  Adolph 

Loomis,  Joseph  G.  * 

McAllister,  James  Mairs 

McClatchey,  Robert  John 

Matlack,   Charles  F.  * 

Matthews,  Caleb  Bentley 

Metcalfe,  William 

Middleton,   R.    S.  x 

Miles,  Dr.  x 

Moore,  Thomas  * 

Morgan,  John   Coleman 

Murphy,  William 

Musgrave,    John    Freedley 

Neidhard,  Charles  * 

Nuncy.  C.  x 

Pehrson,    J.    G.    G.  x 

Pearson.  S.  A.  x 

Powers.  W.  R.  * 

Pfeiffer,  George  S.  F. 

Raue,  Charles  Gottleib 

Randel,   John   Massey 


1856 

Aldey,  John  H. 

1856 

1846 

Anderson,  Moses  x 

•     1857 

1852 

Ashton,  Adolphus  H. 

1835 

1846 

Bell,  Sanford  x 

1835 

1840 

Berens,  Bernard 

I6J9 

I84I 

Berens,  Joseph 

1848 

1856 

Brooks,   Silas   Swift  * 

i^5.S 

1857 

Brown,  T.  x 

1S57 

1857 

Burdett,  S.  D.  x 

1835 

1855 

Bunting,  Thomas  Crowell 

1857 

1857 

Campton,   C.    B.  x 

1853 

1857 

Climte,  J.  C.  x 

1846 

1853 

Cowley,  David 

1837 

184s 

Coxe,  John  Redman.  Jr. 

1847 

1855 

Cresson,  Charles  C. 

1857 

1839 

Dubs,  Samuel  Richard  * 

1857 

J857 

Duhring,  George  H.  x 

1856 

1852 

Duffield,  Henry 

1851 

1855 

Earhart,  Jacob  R. 

1836 

1857 

Elder,  W.  x 

1846 

1857 

Evans,  R.  T.  x 

1836 

1844 

Esrey,  William  P. 

•    1838 

1847 

Fellger,  Adolph  * 

1844 

1837 

Freedley,  Samuel  * 

1856 

1850 

Frost,  James  H.   P. 

1856 

1855 

Gallagher.  Joseph  H. 

1832 

1855 

Geary.   John    Fitzgibbon 

1836 

1836 

Gardiner,  Richard  * 

1 8,2 

1843 

Gardiner,   William   A. 

1857 

1846 

Geib,    William  x 

1857 

1857 

Gause,   Owen   Beverly 

1849 

1857 

Gilman,   J.  B.  x 

i8s6 

1857 

Greenbank,  J.  x 

1854 

1844 

Guernsey,  Henry  Newell 

1853 

1853 

Gumpert,  B.  Barton 

1836 

1853 

Hclmuth.    William    'Pod 

1857 

1839 

Helmuth,  William   Sheaff  * 

1846 

1840 

Hempel.    Charles   Julius 

1857 

1826 

Hering,  Constantine  * 

1849 

I85I 

Houard.  John  Gustavus 

1837 

T858 

Hitchens,  Peter  S. 

i8so 

1857 

Houghton,  C.  J.  X 

1852 

IGO 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


' 


1852 

i«35 
1846 
1833 
1840 
1846 

1844 
1846 
1844 
1839 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1838 
1857 
1852 


1856 
1857 
1851 
1845 
1857 
1855 
1854 
1855 
1857 
1850 

1837 
1842 

1857 
1835 
1832 

1845 
1845 
1857 
1854 
1S61 
1852 
1858 
1846 
1855 
1857 
1857 
1838 
1853 
1855 
1854 
1857 
1840 

1833 
1837 
1 83 1 
1833 
1835 
1858 
1854 
1857 
1859 
1853 


Reed,    William    Ashton 
Reichhclm.    Gustavus 
Schmoele,  Henry  x 
Schmoelc,   William 
SchaefFer,   Casper  x 
Schwartz,   Gustavus  x 
Sims,    Francis  * 
Smith.  Edward  M.  x 
Small.  Alvan  Edmond 
Semple.    Matthew 
Sheek,  Jacob   F.  x 
Simons,  W.  J.  x 
Stecks.  J.  X 
Stiles,   William  x 
Tanner,  John 
Thomas  R.  W.  x 
Tindall,  Daniel   M. 


1 85 1  Toothaker,  Charles  Everett 

1836  Thomas,  Amos  Russell 

1848  Vinal,  L.  G.  x 

1855  Ward,  John  Augustine 
1838  Ward,    Isaac    Moreau 
1841  Ward,   Walter  x 

1857  Watson,  James  L.  x 

1846  Weick,  John   M.  * 

1840  Whitehead,  Coburn 

1845  Williams,  George  Cushman  x 

1856  Williams,  John  Henry 
1836  Williamson,  Walter  * 

1857  Williamson,  Walter  Martin 

1846  Withey,  Samuel  J.  x 
i8s5  Wolfe,  George 

1857  Wright,  W.  R.  x 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Aldey,  J.  H.  Reading 
Acker,  E.  x     Frceport 
Armor,  Smith     Columbia 
Armstrong,  John  *     Carlisle 
Baelz,  C.  *     Pittsburgh 
Baker,  Joshua  T.     Lancaster 
Bardin,  D.  R.  *     Coatesville 
Barr,  Benjamin     W'ollsboro 
Barnes,   M.    V.  x     Bath 
Barden,  William  M.  *     Mansfield 
Bauer,  Adolph     AUentown 
Bayer,  C.     Allegheny  City 
Behlert,  Jacob  x     Emmaus 
Becker,  Benjamin     Orwigsburg 
Becker,   Christian  J.     Harrisburg 
Behne,  John  H.     Reading 
Bender,  Jacob     Bendersville 
Belden,  L.  C.  x     Le  Raysville 
Blanchard,  J.  A.     Pittsburgh 
Black,    Alexander  *     Pittsburgh 
Bloede,   Gustavus     Norristown 
Bratt,  Benjamin  R.     Reading 
Brickley,  George  *     York 
Brickley,  Obadiah  C.       1  ork 
Brisbane,  Dr.  x     Wilkes-Barre 
Brisbane,  W.  x     Wyoming 
Brugger,  Ignatius  *     New  Berlin 
Bryan,  Thomas  *     New    Sheffield 
Bunting,   Thomas  C.     Mauch  Chunk 
Burgher,  John  C.  Pittsburgh 
Burbank,  J.  C.  x     Towanda 
Burrett,  Alexander  H.   Guys  Mills 
Busch,    Lewis     HoUiday.sburg 
Busk,     H.  X     Alexandria 
Bute,  George  H.     Nazareth 
Caspari,   Adolph 
Caspari,  Edward  Prestonville 
Church,  William  J.     Pittsburgh 
Clay,  George  B.  L.     Germuniown 
Coburn,   E.  x     Le  Raysville 
Cooper,  F".  B.     Allegheny  City 
Cooper.  John  F.  Allegheny  City 


846  Cote,  Marcellin  *     Pittsburgh 

857  Corbin,  E.  L.  x     Athens 

853  Cowley,    David     Pittsburgh 

845  Coxe,  John  Redman  Jr.  Williamsport 

856  Dake,    Chauncey    M.     Pittsburgh 

846  Dake,  David  j\L     Pittsburgh 
851  Dake,  Jabez  Percy     Pittsburgh 

854  Dare,  Charles  V.     Chester 
828  Detwiller,  Henry  *     Hellerton 
854  Detwiller,  John  J.     Easton 

857  Dickson,  P.  x     Allegheny 
857  Dininger,  C.  x     Reading 

857  Doolittle,  J.   F.  X     Wilkes-Barre 

844  Dornberg,  A.  G.     Mifflinburg 

854  Downing,   William  *     Downingtown 

857  Eckhart,  Dr.  x     Allegheny 

835  Ehrmann,  B.  F.     Harrisburg 

840  Ehrmann,  Christian     Carlisle 

835  Ehrmann,   Francis     Carlisle 

840  Ehrmann,  Frederick     Carlisle 

844  Ehrmann,   Ernest  J.     Liverpool 
840  Ehrmann,  Louis     Carlisle 

845  Elliger,  C.     Germantown 
857  Elliott    P.  X    Allegheny 

857  Entriken,  Sarah  A.  x     West  Chester 

857  Everhart,  »0.  T.  *     Goldsboro 

857  Eustace,  Andrew     Summit  Hill 

849  Faulkner,  Robert  *     Erie 

857  Eager,  John  M.  *  x     Harrisburg 

848  Faulkner,  P.  *     Erie 

Fell,  Ezra     Norristown 

857  Farmin,  M.  x     Edinborough 

838  Fehrenthal,  Major,  AUentown 
857  Fjcard,  x     Bethlehem 

839  Floto,  John  Henry  *     AUentown 
857  Foote,  J.  A.  x     Wellsboro 

859  Foster,  George  S.     East  Liberty 
82.8  Freytag,    Ebcrhinl    l^ethlcheni 

860  Friese,  Michael     Carlisle 
851  Gardiner,  A.  P.     Carbondale 
835  Green.   Jonas 

856  Griffith,  Jethro  J.     Manayunk 


I 


i 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


IGl 


[850 
1857 
i860 
1852 
1836 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1865 
1853 
1837 
1857 
i8S7 
1856 
i8S7 
1840 
1848 
1856 

1835 
1856 

1857 
1857 
1856 
1857 

i860 
1852 
1858 
1853 
1857 
1842 

1857 
t854 
1838 
184 1 
1833 
1849 
1857 
1858 
1857 
T848 
1838 
1857 
T857 
1857 
i8;o 

1853 
1840 
1841 


1849 
1857 
1848 
1857 
1850 
1852 

185  T 
i8xS 
1853 
183s 


Gross.  James  Eldridge     Darby  1858 

Grosch,  B.  C.  x     AndersonburgH  1852 

Brumbein,  William,  Anneville  1847 

Guernsey,  William  F.     Frankford  1S57 

Haeseler,  Charles     Lebanon  1857 

Haeseler,  H.  A.  x     Pottsville  1835 

Hardmeyer,  Dr.  x     Allegheny  1834 

Hark,  J.  x     Nazareth  1830 

Harvey,  Joseph  F.     Levvisburg  1846 

Hawley,  Liverus  B.     Phoenixville  1850 

Helffrich,  John     Kutztown  1857 

Helffrich,  H.  x     Weisenburgh  1857 

Heigel,  M.  x     Strasburgh  1839 

Herron,  James  A.     Pittsburgh  1830 

Hindman,  David  R.     Cochranville  1857 

Hoffman,  Herman  H.     Pittsburgh  T865 

Hoffman,    Charles     Pittsburgh  1855 

Houghton,  Milo  G.     Pittsburgh  1852 

Huber,    Peter     Allentown  1832 
Ingham,  A.  M.     Lawrenceville 

Ingham,  G.  W.  x     Troy  1839 

Irvine,  W.  x     Bellefonte  1857 

Irons,  Alexander     Marietta  1850 

Island,  W.  P.  x     Shamokin  1849 

Jacobson,    Dr.     Bethlehem  1845 

Johnson,  William  H.     JNIarysville  1857 

Johnson,   Isaac  D.     Kennett   Square  1852 

Jones,  Joseph  E.  *     West  Chester  1857 

Jones,  Stacey     Darby  1848 

Kern,  J.  x     Siegersville  1857 

Leech,  J.  Stuart  *     Dovvningtown  18^7 

Lefevre,  J.  H.  x     Paradise  '.^j^y 

Lintz,  Henry  S.     Chestnut  Hill  18^2 

Lippe,  Adolph     Reading  i860 

Lovejoy.   Ezekiel  *     Towanda  ^."r7 

Mansa,  Edward.     Buffalo  Township  T859 
Marsden,  John  H.  York  Sulphur  Spg.       T'^-9 

Martin,  C.  L.  x     Allentown  i^^.^J 

Malin,    George   W.     Germantov  n  1857 

Masser,  J.  P.  x     Sunbury  1*^55 

Marvin,  S.     Springfield  1855 

May,  Robert  *     Warwick  t'-'^t 

May,  N.  x     Holmesburg  1856 

^IcClure,  D.  x     Shippensburg  T^^3 

Meal,  T.  I.  x     Germantown  t^^G 

Miller.  C.     Carlisle  ^^^7 

Moore,  Francis  R.     Pittsburgh  1856 

Morris.  Joseph  P.     Mansfield  ^8-17 

Okie,   Abraham   H.     Allentown  1846 

Owen,  W.  F.  *     Conncautville  1840 

Ober,  Benjamin     Wilkes-Barre  18^7 

Penniman,  William  *     Pittsburgh  1853 

Pellichodv,  Dr.  x     Birmingham  i8/'9 

Porter,  David  C.     New  Castle  182S 

Pitcairn,   R.  x     Allegheny  1^.17 

Pierce.    Thomas    .A.      Xorristown  18J5 

Pratt.    Leonard     Towanda  18=0 

Pratt.  Theodore  L.     Canton  1858 

Pratt,  David  S.     Towanda  tS^./ 

Pretch,   Dr.    C.     Hollidaysburg  18=4 

Preston,  Coates     Chester  i860 

Pultp,  Joseph   H.     Chcrryville  1857 


Rankin,  John   S.     Allegheny   City 
Randcl,  John  M.     Reading 
Reading,  John  R.     Somerton  * 

Reed,  J.  K.  x     Conshohocken 
Records.  Dr.  x     Bristol 
Reichhelm,  Gustavus     Pittsburgh 
Reisner,  Mr.  J.  C.     Lebanon 
Reinhold,  C.  G.     Lewistown 
Rhees,   Morgan  J.     Hollidaysburg 
Ring,  Hamilton     Columbia 
Richter,   A.  x     Williamsport 
Roberts,  E.  W.  x     Harrisburg 
Roche,  Manning  B.     Upper  Darby 
Romig,  John     Allentown 
Romig,   W.  X     Allentown 
Rousseau,   Louis   M.  *     Pittsburgh 
Rutter.  John  C.     Bloomsburg 
Sargent,  Rufus     Reading 
Saynisch,  Lewis  *     Blossburg 
Seeger,  Joseph 
Scheurer,  P.     Hanover 
Schultz,  J.  T.  X     Claytonville 
Schultz,  Jonas  Y.     Colebrookdale 
Schucking,  Proctor     Chambersburg 
Schmidt,  Jacob 

Shields,  D.  x     Sewickly  Bottom 
Shearer,  John  H.     Wellsboro 
Shaw,   Alexander  R.     Chambersburg 
Searles,  Samuel     New  Castle 
Seymour,  N.  x     Erie 
Silby,  Dr.  x     Erie 
Skeeles,  I.  S.  x     Albion 
Skiles,  Francis  W.     Pittsburgh 
Smedley,  Robert  C.     Oxford 
Smith.  T.  K.  x     Carlisle 
Smith.  F.  S. 

Simpkins.  S.  *     Slate  Lick 
Speth,   Dr.  *     Lewistown 
Souci,  J.  M.  X    Canton 
Starkey,  George  R.     Reading 
Stewart,  Isaac  *     Butler 
Stevenson,  Thomas  C.     Carlisle 
Sutton,  J.  L.     Lancaster 
Taudte,  Frederick  Birmingham 
Towner,  Enoch,  Jr.  x     Rome 
Towner,    Enoch  x     Towanda 
Thorne.  Joshua     Norristown 
Tyson.  Henry     Reading 
Valentine,  P.  E.     Cochranville 
Wauke, 

Waage,   Dr.  x     Quakertown 
Weed,  Theodore  J.     Phoenixville 
West,  Edwin     Honesdale 
Wesselhoeft,  William     Bath 
White,  Newell  *     New  Castle 
Williams,    George    C.     West    Chester 
Williams,  Theodore  S.     Germantown 
Williams.  Alban  *     Phoenixville 
Willis,    A.  X     Harrisburg 
Wood.  James  B.     West  Chester 
Wood.  Orlando  S.     Phoenixville 
Yeager.  ^^.  x     Hiiltown 


162  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER    Vn 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   VIRGIXIA. 

By    Thomas    Lindsley    Bradford,    M.    D. 

Early  Introduction  of  Hahnemann's  System  in  tlie  West  and  Southwest — Virginia 
Societies — Allentown  Academy  bears  Good  Fruit — The  Pioneer  in  Virginia  a 
Layman — The  Caspari  Brothers — Campos — Hardy — Hobson — Atwood — Hughes — 
Other  Early  Practitioners  in  the  Old  Dominion. 

In  1835,  at  the  end  of  the  first  epoch  of  homoeopathy  in  the  United  States, 
its  practice  was  confined  to  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  During  the  years 
between  1835  and  1844,  which  may  be  called  the  second  epoch  of  American 
homceopathy,  it  had  been  introduced  in  Virginia  by  a  lay  practitioner  in  1830. 

It  is  our  purpose  in  this  chapter  to  relate  something  of  the  story  of  the 
rapid  progress  of  homceopathy  in  this  state,  and  to  show  the  influence  of 
Allentown  Academy  in  the  dissemination  of  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann.  From 
the  time  when  Reichhelm  went  over  the  Allegheny  mountains,  the  progress  of 
the  system  of  mild  medication  was  indeed  marvelous.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  the  Mississippi  river  was  the  dividing  line  between  settlement  and  wil- 
derness. It  was  a  period  of  immigration  in  the  unknown  west.  Travel  was  by 
rivers  or  canals  or  roads,  and  even  by  trails.  Cincinnati  in  1835  had  a  popula- 
tion of  but  31.000.  In  1837  the  population  of  Chicago  was  estimated  at  8,000, 
with  120  stores,  12  public  houses,  three  newspapers,  fifty  lawyers  and  thirty 
phvsicians.  In  Louisville  the  population  in  1840  v/as  but  21,000.  Iowa  was 
still  a  territory.  When  Reichhelm  went  to  Pittsburgh  that  city  had  a  popula- 
tion of  about  30,000.  But  the  growth  of  this  new  country  was  marvelous,  and 
the  growth  and  expansion  of  homoeopathy  throughout  the  land  must  be  to  the 
mind  of  the  thinker  a  most  conclusive  proof  of  its  truth. 

HAHNEMANN    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF   THE  OLD   DOMINION. 

It  was  not  until  half  a  century  had  passed  after  homoeopathy  had  been 
introduced  in  Virginia  that  the  state  medical  society  began  its  existence.  The 
Hahnemann  Medical  Society  of  the  Old  Dominion  was  organized  at  Richmond 
in  1880,  but  of  its  history  during  the  first  thirteen  years  of  its  existence 
little  is  known.  The  first  officers  were  Dr.  Joseph  V.  Hobson.  president ;  Dr. 
James  H.  Patton,  secretary.  The  society  met  annually  for  several  years,  after 
which  there  were  occasional  lapses  and  interest  in  its  afifairs  seemed  to  decline. 
A  reorganization,  however,  was  eft'ected  in  the  latter  part  of  1893.  and  on 
December  13  a  number  of  physicians  met  in  Danville  and  re-established  the 
society  on  a  basis  so  secure  that  it  has  since  continued  and  been  the  means  of 
accomplishing  much  good  work  for  the  welfare  of  the  profession  in  the  state. 
The  officers  elected  in  1893  were  Dr.  M.  E.  Douglas,  president;  Drs.  Noah 
Jackson,  George  A.  Taber  and  Millson  R.  Allen,  vice-presidents;  George  F. 
Bagby,  secretary ;  Charles  B.  Young,  treasurer ;  Drs.  A.  A.  Bancroft,  George 
F.  Bagby,  Noah  Jackson,  H.  C.  Corbett,  \V.  J.  Hobart,  W.   B.  Pryor  Jones, 


i 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  163 

W.  S.  Lyon,  W.  P.  Moncure,  Charles  R.  Moore.  Clinton  INIaynard,  N.  H.  Rid- 
dick  and  E.  Cone  Williams,  censors. 

The  West  \'irginia  Homceopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  May 
19,  1898,  at  Wheeling,  and  its  first  officers  were  Dr.  M.  L. 'Casselbury,  presi- 
dent; Drs.  C.  M.  Boger  and  J.  M.  Fawcett,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  C.  A.  Rob- 
erts, secretary ;  Dr.  C.  H.  Wilsey,  treasurer ;  Dr.  John  W.  Morris,  necrologist. 
The  second  meeting  was  held  at  Sisterville,  October  11,  1898.  This  society 
is  in  active  existence  and  holds  its  annual  meetings  in  different  cities. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Virginia  was  the  third  state  into  which  homoeopathy  was  introduced. 
About  1830  a  lay  practitioner  established  himself  at  Norfolk,  and  his  name  was 
pronounced  Kuper.  He  remained  for  a  year  or  two.  The  two  brothers,  Adolph 
and  Edward  Caspari,  who  were  students  at  the  Allentown  Academy,  were 
some  time  betw^een  1832  and  1838  residents  at  Norfolk. 

In  1838  Dr.  F.  T.  Campos  went  to  Norfolk  and  in  1839  commenced  to 
practice  homoeopathy.  He  is  said  to  have  graduated  in  medicine  in  Lisbon, 
Portugal,  and  to  have  practiced  several  years  in  Brazil.  He  enjoyed  a  good 
reputation  as  man  and  physician,  and  made  many  cures  by  the  new  method. 
He  was  active  in  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  during  the  summer  and  winter 
of  1855.     He  died  in  1857. 

Dr.  Thomas  I.  Hardy  practiced  in  Norfolk  at  the  same  period  as  Campos. 
In  Smith's  ''Homoeopathic  Directory"  for  1857  both  names  are  given.  Dr. 
Hardy  died  October  31,  1886. 

Dr.  Robert  Shield  Perkins,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  ]\Iedical  College 
of  Philadelphia  in  1872,  commenced  practice  in  Norfolk  and  is  still  there. 

In  1858  Dr.  Joseph  Virginius  Hobson  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy 
in  Richmond.  He  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Mumford  Hobson  and  was 
born  in  Cumberland  county.  Va.,  November  11,  1810.  His  father  removed  to 
Powhattan  county,  purchasing  the  estate  of  Blenheim,  where  Joseph's  boyhood 
was  passed.  He  graduated  from  Hampden-Sydney  College  in  1828,  and 
entered  as  a  student  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Nelson  of  Richmond.  He 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1832,  and  began  practice  at 
Cartersville,  Va.  He  spent  the  years  1839-40  in  Paris  in  study.  Returning, 
he  settled  at  Lynchburg  in  1840,  and  went  to  Powhattan  in  1847,  remaining  in 
practice  there  until  1858.  In  1856  his  attention  was  drawn  to  homoeopathy 
by  Henderson's  works  and  by  the  cure  of  a  case  by  Dr.  John  F.  Gray,  and 
this  led  to  investigation  and  adoption  of  the  homoeopathic  school  in  his  prac- 
tice. In  1858  he  removed  to  Richmond,  but  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he 
went  to  Blenheim,  resuming  practice  in  Richmond  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In 
1890  advancing  years  caused  him  to  retire  from  practice  and  he  returned  to 
Lynchburg,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  October  10.  1895. 

Dr.  Aaron  H.  Atwood  went  to  Richmond  in  the  fifties  from  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  had  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Manchester  in  1845  and  was  m 
partnership  with  Dr.  Emil  Custer,  but  ill  health  caused  him  to  go  to  Virginia, 
where  he  died. 

Dr.  Alfred  Hughes  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Wheeling  in 
185 1.  He  was  born  there  September  16,  1824.  His  great-grandfather.  Felix 
Hughes,  came  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Loudon  county  in  1732.  He  had 
foLir  sons,  one  of  whom,  James,  grandfather  of  Alfred,  was  a  famous  hunter. 
He  settled  in  Green  countv,  Pa.,  then  in  Virginia,  and  married  a  Miss  Dur- 


164  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

ham  of  Jefferson  county,  in  1772.  At  his  death  he  owned  large  tracts  of  land 
in  Virginia,  Kentucky  and  Indiana.  He  was  among  the  first  white  settlers  in 
that  region.  He  left  three  sons  and  a  daughter.  One  son,  Thomas,  married 
Mary  Odenbaugh  of  Winchester.  Their  seventh  son  was  Alfred.  Young 
Hughes  graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1853.  tJe  married  Mary  Kirby  Adrian  of  Wheeling,  November  i,  1849,  ^"^1 
began  to  practice  homoeopathy  at  Wlieeling  amid  common  prejudice  and  a 
hard  fight,  but  succeeded  in  vindicating  his  cause.  When  the  cholera  of  1854 
appeared,  he  labored  night  and  day,  being  the  only  homoeopathic  physician  in 
the  city,  and  he  met  with  great  success  in  its  treatment.  Homoeopathy  was 
thus  firmly  established.  During  the  war  of  1861-1865,  he  espoused  the  cause 
of  the  south,  and  was  arrested  for  disloyalty  in  1861.  He  w'as  held  a  prisoner 
at  Camp  Chase,  near  Columbus,  Ohio,  for  eight  months,  when  he  was  exchanged 
for  a  brother  of  Dr.  Pancoast  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  allowed  to  go  with  his 
family  to  Richmond.  He  at  once  began  practice  and  again  had  to  fight  for 
homoeopathy,  but  soon  secured  a  good  clientage.  He  was  elected  to  the  legis- 
lature of  Virginia,  remaining  a  member  until  the  fall  of  Richmond.  On  Decem- 
ber 18,  1865,  he  removed  to  Baltimore,  where  he  built  up  a  practice.  He 
died  in  that  city  about  1876. 

Dr.  Walthall  located  in  Richmond.  Dr.  Arcoli,  an  Italian,  also  settled  in 
that  city.  Dr.  J.  H.  Patton.  a  graduate  in  1870  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
of  Philadelphia,  located  at  Richmond  soon  afterward. 

In  1857  I-^^^-  J-  B-  Doudall  and  R.  H.  Stabler  were  located  at  Alexandria; 
Drs.  C.  H.  Connelly  and  F.  Pitcher  at  Fairmount :  M.  L.  Casselburg  and  A. 
C.  Miller  at  Morgantown ;  F.  S.  Campos,  T.  I.  Hardy  and  Dr.  Walthall  at 
Norfolk;  Dr.  Daniel  Janney  at  Purcel's  Store;  Dr.  I.  P.  Clayton  at  Pierce- 
town ;  Drs.  A.  L.  Bilisoly,  L.  A.  Bilisoly  and  V.  B.  Bilisoly  at  Portsmouth ; 
Drs.  A.  H.  Atwood;  J.  F.  Gardiner  and  J.  B^  Walthall  at  Richmond;  and  Drs. 
Blum  and  A.  Hughes  at  Wheeling. 

In  1870  there  were  but  two  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Richmond,  Drs. 
R.  Gardner  and  William  Q.  Mansfield,  and  in  the  Avhole  state  there  were  but 
thirteen.  In  1875  Dr.  Thomas  Hardy  and  Dr.  Robert  Shield  Perkins  were  in 
practice  at  Norfolk ;  Dr.  Eldridtre  Lippincott  was  located  at  Petersburg ;  Dr. 
L.  A.  Bilisoly  was  at  Portsmouth,  and  Drs.  Joseph  Virginius  Hobson  and 
James  H.  Patton  were  at  Richmond.  In  1886  Drs.  William  L.  Morgan  and 
Charles  B.  Y'oung  were  at  Lynchburg;  Drs.  Thomas  Hardy,  Robert  S.  Per- 
kins, Henley  N.  Riddick,  Frank  P.  Webster,  were  at  Norfolk ;  Drs.  William  B. 
Pryor  Jones  and  M.  J.  Lincoln  were  at  Petersburg;  Dr.  L.  Augustus  Bilisoly 
at  Portsmouth ;  Drs.  James  H.  Patton,  George  L.  Stone  and  George  A.  Taber 
were  at  Richmond. 

In  1899  there  were  thirty-one  homoeopathists  in  Virginia,  of  whom  eight 
were  located  in  Richmond,  viz. :  Drs.  George  F.  Bagley,  Harry  S.  Corey,  John 
W.  Hobart,  A.  L.  Marcy,  S.  Abagail  Roope,  George  L.  Stone,  George  A.  Ta- 
ber, Williams  E.  Cone.  In  1904  there  were  thirty  homoeopathic  physicians  in 
the  state. 

Homccopathic  physicians  in  Virginia  previous  to  i860.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  physician  practiced  medicine  before  the 
date  given.  . 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


1G5 


1854  Atwood,  Aaron  H.  Richmond  1857 
1857  Bilisoly,  Antonio  L.     Portsmouth  1858 

1855  Bilisoly,  L.  Augustus  Portsmouth  1840 
1857  Bilisoly,  V.  B.  x  Portsmouth  1853 
1857  Blum,  Dr.  x  Wheeling  1850 
1853  Casselbury,  M.  L.  Morgantown  1830 
1857  Connelly,  C.  H.  x  Fairmount  1853 
1857  Clayton,  I.  P.  x  Piercetown  1857 
1857  Doudall.  J.  B  X  Alexandria  1852 
1833-4  Caspari,  Adolph  Norfolk  1857 
1839  Caspari,  Edward  Norfolk  1857 
1839  Campos,  F.  T.     Norfolk 


Gardiner,  J.  F.  x    Richmond 
Hobson,  Joseph  H.    Lynchburg 
Hardy,  Thomas  I.     Norfolk 
Hughes,  Alfred    Wheeling 
Janney,  Daniel     Purcels  Store 
Kuper,  Dr.     Norfolk 
Miller,   Alexander  C.    Morgantown 
Pitcher,    F.  x     Fairmount 
Randel,  John  Massey     Norfolk 
Stabler,  R.  H.  x    Alexandria 
Walthall,  J.  B.  x    Richmond 


166  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER   Mil 

HOMOEOPATHY    IX   OHIO. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Gradual  Introduction  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  West — Cope,  the  Pioneer  of  the  New 
System  in  Ohio — Beckwith's  Recollections  of  Sturm — Pulte,  the  Pioneer  and 
Founder  of  a  Great  School  of  Medical  Learning — Cholera  Plague  of  1849  and  Later 
Years — Homceopathy  Attacked  by  the  Old  Enemj- — Early  Homoeopaths  in  Cincinnati 
and  Cleveland — Attempts  to  Establish  a  Medical  College — Eclectic  Medical  Institute 
Establishes  a  Chair  of  Homoeopathy — Reminiscences  of  Early  Practitioners. 

Next  111  the  order  of  states  brought  under  the  beneficent  influence  of  the 
homoeopathic  system  of  medicine  was  Ohio,  the  "Buckeye"  state,  where  the 
doctrine  is  said  to  have  found  lodgment  in  1836  under  the  ministrations  of  one 
Dr.  Cope,  of  whom  Httle  appears  to  be  known  except  that  at  the  time  men- 
tioned he  was  practicing  in  the  vicinity  of  Plymouth  in  Richland  county.,  and 
that  he  was  credited  with  being  a  high  potentist,  administering  only  a  single 
pellet  and  repeating  the  dose  at  the  end  of  fourteen  days,  if  the  case  required 
such  "radical"  treatment.  Yet  tradition  says  that  the  worthy  doctor  accom- 
plished some  remarkable  cures  and  acquired  a  considerable  practice  in  the  region 
in  which  he  was  the  pioneer.  Tradition  has  it,  too,  that  sometime  during  the 
first  half  of  the  last  century  a  German  doctor  was  settled  in  Delaware  county, 
and  treated  his  patients  with  "very  little  pills,  and  whose  habit  was  in  typhoid 
cases  to  give  the  patient  one  dose,  and  then  return  at  the  end  of  a  week  to 
observe  how  it  was  working."  This  method  smacks  strongly  of  homoeopathic 
methods  of  three-quarters  of  a  century  ago,  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  the 
"German  physician"  whose  name  is  not  now  recalled  was  some  faithful  fol- 
lower of  the  strict  Hahnemannian  doctrine  as  then  understood  and  practiced. 

The  history  of  homoeopathy  in  the  "Buckeye"  state — every  loyal  Ohioan 
is  proud  of  the  synonym — from  first  to  last  is  a  subject  of  interesting  study,  and 
is  remarkable  in  that  the  first  disciple  of  the  new  doctrine  planted  its  seed  in 
the  state  only  ten  years  after  it  had  been  brought  to  America  by  Hans  Burch 
Gram.  Ohio  herself  had  laid  aside  the  territorial  character  and  entered  the 
sisterhood  of  states  only  a  little  more  than  thirty  years  before,  and  few  indeed 
of  the  counties  in  that  now  great  commonwealth  were  more  than  sparsely  set- 
tled, while  the  commercial  cities  for  which  the  state  is  now  noted  were  then 
little  larger  than  villages.  When  the  age  of  the  state  itself  is  considered,  dat- 
ing from  1803,  and  the  advent  of  the  first  representative  of  the  Hahnemannian 
school  of  medicine  a  little  more  than  thirty  years  afterward,  the  inference  is 
natural  that  homoeopathy  entered  Ohio  during  the  formative  period  of  its  his- 
tory and  that  the  subsequent  growth  of  each  was  in  even  step  until  both  became 
firmly  planted  on  solid  foundations.  But  in  the  civil  and  political  history  of  Ohio 
there  were  many  events  which  contributed  to  its  progress,  while  in  the  early 
history  of  homoeopathy  in  the  same  jurisdiction  every  conceivable  obstacle  was 
thrown  in  the  way  of  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  vain  endeavor  to  oppose 
the  progress  of  the  school  the  disciples  of  Hahnemann  had  chosen  to  represent ; 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  167 

yet  even  in  this  period  of  adversity  the  Httle  host  of  homoeopathic  pioneers 
was  not  without  friends,  and  an  educational  home  was  offered  them  in  the 
house  of  the  eclectic  school  in  Cincinnati.  The  chair  of  homoeopathy  in  the 
Eclectic  Medical  Institute  was  not  long  continued,  but  its  establishment  was  an 
evidence  of  friendship  and  good  faith ;  it  was  a  foundation  sufficiently  strong  to 
build  upon,  and  the  representatives  of  the  homoeopathic  school,  preferring  to 
act  within  their  own  principles,  soon  afterward  set  about  the  task  of  founding 
a  college  for  themselves.  Their  first  endeavors  were  not  rewarded  with  the 
degree  of  success  they  deserved,  but  the  mistakes  of  early  experience  served  as 
beacon-lights  to  guard  against  their  repetition  in  later  years.  And  the  purpose 
was  well  served,  for  in  1849  ^  college  of  homoeopathic  medical  instruction  was 
founded  in  Cleveland,  the  second  institution  of  its  kind  in  America.  It  has 
endured  to  the  present  time,  and  has  accomplished  as  much  good  work  in  the 
propagation  of  the  homoeopathic  gospel  in  the  west  as  any  similar  school  in 
the  land.  The  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  as  now  known,  sec- 
ond in  seniority  only  to  Hahnem^ann  of  Philadelphia,  was  established  in  1849 
on  an  original  foundation,  and  was  not  the  outgrowth  of  any  institution  in  the 
east,  although  some  historians  have  traced  its  origin  to  old  Allentown  Academy. 

In  the  course  of  time  other  medical  colleges  were  founded  in  Ohio,  a  few 
of  them  to  fall  by  the  wayside  or  to  merge  in  those  more  strongly  supported, 
and  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century  there  are  two  principal' homoe- 
opathic colleges  in  the  state,  one  in  Cleveland  and  one  in  Cincinnati.  The  his- 
tory of  each  of  these  is  made  the  subject  of  extended  mention  in  another  depart- 
ment of  this  work. 

In  this  connection  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  gradual  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Ohio.  In  1836  the  pioneer,  a  layman,  led 
the  way.  Twenty  years  later,  in  1857,  the  number  was  120;  1875,  422;  1885, 
498;  1899,  968;  and  in  1905  it  is  estimated  that  there  are  in  the  homoeopathic 
ranks  in  Ohio  a  total  of  one  thousand  practitioners. 

Ohio  has  been  both  faithful  and  prolific  in  the  work  of  homoeopathic  soci- 
ety organization,  and  in  that  respect  ranks  with  the  foremost  states  of  the 
union.  A  brief  allusion  to  the  more  important  of  these  societies  is  proper  in 
this  connection,  not  for  the  purpose  of  exhaustive  narrative  but  as  a  necessary 
part  of  an  interesting  record. 

HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL  SOCIETY   OF  OHIO. 

A  society  of  homoeopathic  physicians  was  organized  in  Cleveland  as  early 
as  1846,  which  was  just  ten  years  after  the  system  had  been  introduced  in  the 
state.  Reports  of  the  organization  and  meagre  reports  of  the  society  are  found 
in  the  "American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy,"  Vol.  i,  p.  46,  and  also  in  the 
Michigan  "  Journal  of  Homoeopathy  "  for  June,  1849.  The  old  society  was 
Continued  only  a  short  time,  and  then  was  dissolved.  The  next  attempt  at  per- 
manent organization  was  made  in  185 1,  at  a  meeting  held  in  Columbus  on 
September  23  of  that  year,  when  the  work  previously  begun  was  improved 
upon  and  made  more  complete.  The  customary  constitution  and  by-laws  were 
adopted,  and  the  society  took  the  name  Ohio  College  of  Homoeopathic  Physi- 
cians. The  first  officers  Avere  Drs.  O.  A.  Blair,  president;  J.  H.  Coulter  of 
Colum.bus  and  John  Tifift  of  Norwalk,  vice-presidents;  C.  A.  Leuthstrom  of 
Columbus,  secretary;  G.  St.  C.  Hussev  of  Portsmouth,  corresponding  secre- 
tarv;  C.  D.  Williams  of  Cleveland,  H.  P.  Gatchell  of  Cincinnati,  J.  W.  Dennis 
of  Portsmouth,  Jacob  Bosler  of  Dayton  and  L.  K.  Rosa,  censors.    In  1852  and 


168  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

1853  meetings  were  lield  in  Cleveland,  the  next  year  in  Columbus,  but  none 
were  afterward  held  until  1864.  when  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  state 
met  in  convention  in  the  capital  city  of  the  state,  revived  the  dormant  organi- 
zation, and  brought  into  existence  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the 
State  of  Ohio.  The  officers  then  elected  were  as  follows :  Dr.  A.  O.  Blair  of 
Cleveland,  president ;  Drs.  E.  C.  Witherill  of  Cincinnati  and  W.  W.  Webster  of 
Dayton,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  Charles  Cropper  of  Cincinnati,  secretary ;  Dr.  C. 
C.  \Miite  of  Columbus,  treasurer ;  Drs.  A.  Shepherd  of  Springdale,  G.  H.  Blair 
of  Columbus,  Charles  Osterlin  of  Findlay,  T.  P.  Wolson  of  Cleveland,  Lewis 
Barnes  of  Delaware,  T.  ]M.  Miller  of  Stubenville  and  E.  C.  Beckwith  of  Zanes- 
ville.  censors.  At  first  the  society  met  annually  at  Columbus,  but  later  adopted 
the  rule  of  meeting  in  different  cities.  The  society  was  incorporated  in  1878. 
Membership,  about  275.    Since  1865  transactions  have  been  published  annually. 

In  this  connection,  also,  it  is  proper  that  some  mention  be  made  of  the 
several  sectional,  district  and  local  medical  societies  of  the  state,  although  the 
record  of  necessity  must  be  brief,  and  limited  to  mention  of  the  name,  field 
of  operation  and  date  of  organization  of  each.     The  record  follows : 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Eastern  Ohio,  organized  April  2.  1873,  by 
union  of  the  Homoeopathic  ^Medical  Society  of  the  Seventeenth  Congressional 
District  (organized  August  i,  1866)  and  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Associa- 
tion of  Summit  and  Portage  Counties  (organized  June,  1871)  ;  Northwestern 
Ohio  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  June,  1889;  Ohio  Valley  Medical  Society, 
1901  ;  Miami  Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  June  14,  i860;  Seven- 
teenth Congressional  District  of  Ohio  Medical  Society,  August  i,  1866;  Sum- 
mit and  Portage  Counties  Homccopathic  Medical  Society,  June.  1871 ;  the 
Cleveland  Academy  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  1872;  Cleveland  Academy  of 
Medicine,  February  4,  1891  ;  Cleveland  Medical  Association,  about  1865; 
Cleveland  Homoeopathic  ^Maternity  Society,  October  12,  1891 ;  Columbus  Clin- 
ical Club,  June  2,  1890;  Cincinnati  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1862;  Cin- 
cinnati Homoeopathic  I>yceum,  October  28,  1889;  Cincinnati  Homoeopathic 
Society;  Cuyahoga  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  November,  i86.':5; 
Dayton  City  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1879;  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society  of  Eastern  Ohio,  April  2,  1873;  Hahnemann  Society  of  Cincinnati, 
April  10,  1855;  Homoeopathic  Association  of  Cincinnati,  1849;  Homoeopathic 
Club  of  Cincinnati,  December,  1885;  Loraine  and  Medina  County  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  Society,  July  18,  1868;  Lucas  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  i860;  Miami  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  June  14,  i860; 
Montgomery  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  November  6,  1868; 
Muskingum  \'alley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1867;  Northeastern  Ohio 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  1864;  Perry  County  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society.  October  26.  1870;  Philadelphos  Society:  Round  Table  Club,  August 
28.  1889;  Summit  County  Homceopathic  Ginical  Society,  January  15,  1885; 
Toledo  Clinical  Society,  1884 ;  Union  Homoeopathic  Medical"  Society  of  North- 
ern Ohio,  June  6,  1868. 

HOSPITALS. 

1  lie  establixlimcnt  of  homoeopathic  hospitals  in  Ohio  was  an  important  ele- 
ment of  the  early  endeavor  of  the  medical  profession,  and  engaged  the  attention 
of  homa'opathic  practitioners  almost  as  early  as  the  efforts  in  organizing  medi- 
cal societies.  This  subject  is  of  much  importance  in  the  history  of  homoeopathy 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  UYJ 

in  the  state,  but  the  extent  to  which  it  demands  consideration  in  this  place  is 
questionable,  inasmuch  as  the  principal  institutions  of  this  character  are  in  a 
lari,'e  measure  a  part  of  the  life  of  the  homoeopathic  medical  colleges,  particu- 
larly in  the  large  cities  of  Cleveland  and  Cincinnati. 

The  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  the  first  organized  hospital  in 
Cleveland,  Ohic^,  was  opened  in  May,  1856,  by  S.  R.  Beckwith,  M.  D.,  who  was 
the  surgeon  for  the  Lake  Shore  and  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  and  Cincinnati 
railroads.  It  was  established  as  a  private  surgical  hospital  to  accommodate 
those  injured  by  the  railroads;  but  was  open  to  all  surgical  cases.  It  was 
situated  on  Lake  street,  and  accommodated  twenty  patients.  George  H.  Bet- 
tely,  M.  D.,  was  the  house  surgeon. 

In  i860  St.  Vincent's  Hospital  was  completed  and  opened  for  the  recep- 
tio!i  of  patients.  Physicians  and  surgeons  of  both  schools  being  permitted  to 
treat  patients  therein,  there  seemed  no  necessity  for  the  separate  maintenance 
of  the  hospital  on  Lake  street,  and  consequently  it  was  closed.  St.  Vincent's 
Hospital  was  under  the  control  and  management  of  the  sisters  of  a  Catholic 
order  and  for  five  years  remained  the  only  hospital  in  Cleveland.  In  1865, 
however,  there  was  set  on  foot  a  project  for  the  establishment  of  a  Protestant 
hospital,  and  in  May  of  the  next  year  a  committee  of  three,  consisting  of  Dr. 
D.  H.  Beckwith,  Mr.  Horace  Brockaway  and  Mrs.  S.  F.  Lester,  was  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  building  suitable  for  hospital  purposes. 

A  large  and  roomy  building  at  83  Wilson  street  was  selected  and  pur- 
chased at  a  cost  of  $8,000.  An  organization  was  efifected  and  a  board  of 
trustees  formed,  and  these  gave  the  name  of  Wilson  Street  Hospital  to  the 
building.  Of  the  trustees,  one-half  were  chosen  by  adherents  of  the  old  school, 
the  remainder  by  those  of  the  homoeopathic  school.  The  board  of  trustees  was 
composed  of  Mrs.  Samuel  Williamson.  Mrs.  A.  B.  Stone,  Mrs.  Mary  Severance, 
W.  S.  Stanley,  T.  W.  Pelton,  Mrs.  Daniel  P.  Rhodes,  Mrs.  Peter  Thatcher, 
Mrs.  L.  M.  Hubbey,  Jacob  Lowman  and  H.  C.  Blossom.  The  medical  and 
surgical  staff  represented  both  schools  of  medicine  and  consisted  of  Drs.  A. 
Maynard,  A.  A.  Brooks,  H.  F.  Cushing,  D.  H.  Beckwith,  B.  P.  Brown  and 
George  H.  Blair. 

Within  a  very  few  weeks  a  group  of  ladies  interested  in  the  work  col- 
lected sufficient  funds  to  pay  for  the  building  and  its  thorough  equipment  for 
hospital  purposes.  For  some  time  complete  harmony  reigned  in  the  medical 
stafif.  but  differences  began  to  show  themselves,  with  the  result  that  early  in 
1867  the  president,  Mr.  H.  B.  Hurlburt,  for  the  adherents  of  the  old  school 
of  medicine,  made  to  those  who  favored  the  new  school  a  proposition  to  either 
buv  or  sell  their  interests  in  the  hospital.  The  homoeopathic  adherents  with- 
drew from  the  hospital  and  later  united  with  the  Cleveland  Protestant  Homoe- 
opathic Hospital,  which  was  opened  for  patients  November  3.  1869. 

The  trustees  of  the  Wilson  Street  Hospital,  now  adherents  of  the  old  school 
of  medicine,  adopted  the  following  resolution :  "  Resolved.  That  in  the  future 
no  homoeopathic  phvsician  or  surgeon  shall  be  allowed  to  treat  any  patient, 
free  or  pay,  in  this  hospital."  This  resolution  was  in  force  for  nearly  twenty 
years,  its  immediate  effect  being  the  uniting  in  a  strong  l>ond  of  friendship 
the  homoeopathic  phvsicians  and  their  clientele. 

The  previous  year  Humiston  Institute  had  been  purchased  for  college 
and  hospital  purposes,  at  a  cost  of  $35,000.  This  hospital  was  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  homoeopathic  school  of  medicine,  but  patients  therein  had  the  privi- 


170  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

lege  of  any  treatment  they  preferred,  thus  giving  physicians  of  the  old  school 
the  right  of  entry. 

After  five  years  of  successful  operation  the  trustees,  deeming  it  advisable 
to  seek  a  new  location,  purchased  the  property  where  the  hospital  now  stands 
on  Huron  street,  February  4,  1873.  This  building  was  opened  for  the  recep- 
tion of  patients,  but  within  a  very  short  time,  however,  it  was  found  to  be 
inadequate  to  the  demand  made  upon  it,  and  in  May,  1878,  the  hospital  asso- 
ciation decided  upon  the  erection  of  a  new  structure.  As  a  means  to  this  end, 
the  ladies'  association  united  with  the  board  of  lady  managers  of  the  City  Hos- 
pital and  gave  a  great  charity  fair  and  loan  exhibition,  the  proceeds  of  which 
were  to  be  divided  between  the  hospitals.  This  was  a  great  success,  the  citizens 
of  Cleveland  having  come  forward  with  enthusiasm,  loaning  their  fine  paint- 
ings, statuary  and  works  of  art  in  the  effort  to  get  together  a  collection  to 
attract  and  interest  the  people.  The  collection  gathered  was  so  fine  that  the 
city  virtually  put  it  in  charge  of  the  police  and  fire  departments,  so  that  no 
harm  might  come  to  it.  The  net  proceeds  amounted  to  $12,816.54,  half  of 
which  was  awarded  the  homoeopathic  hospital. 

In  June,  1878,  the  trustees  appointed  a  building  committee,  consisting  of 
George  H.  Warmington,  Dr.  D.  H.  Beckwith,  Edward  Bingham  and  Capt.  A. 
Bradley.  Excavations  were  begun  in  April,  1879,  and  so  rapidly  did  the 
work  progress  that  during  the  following  year,  September  29th,  the  hospital 
was  dedicated  and  opened  to  receive  patients. 

The  new  building  acted  as  a  stimulus  in  many  directions,  the  effect  being 
shown  by  many  actions  which  attested  to  the  loyalty  and  generosity  of  the 
citizens  of  Cleveland  toward  homoeopathy  and  homoeopathic  institutions.  The 
work  of  the  hospital  increased  to  such  a  degree  during  the  next  decade  that 
additional  accommodations  were  found  to  be  imperative.  It  was  not,  however, 
until  1894  that  provision  was  made  for  a  new  building.  This  was  completed 
by  the  first  of  April,  1895.  It  is  a  large  four-story  building  connected  with  the 
main  building  by  a  covered  gallery,  and  is  very  fully  utilized  for  the  hospital 
needs.  In  it  are  the  sleeping  rooms  for  nurses  and  a  number  of  employees,  one 
entire  floor  being  taken  up  by  patients.  The  basements  contain  laundry, 
sterilizers,  store  rooms,  and  mortuary. 

During  the  past  ten  years  the  hospital  has  more  than  doubled  its  work.  It 
is  now  entirely  out  of  debt  and  has  an  endowment  of  $20,000;  the  estimated 
value  of  the  property  owned  by  the  hospital  corporation  is  $150,000.  Those  in 
charge  of  the  work  realize  that  the  present  building  is  entirely  inadequate  to 
the  demands  made  upon  it,  so  that  it  will  be  but  a  short  time  until  new  build- 
ings and  a  new  location  must  be  sought. 

The  Ohio  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  Cincinnati,  is  the  direct 
outgrowth  of  a  free  dispensary  which  was  opened  in  Cincinnati,  June  ii, 
1879,  by  Drs.  Ellen  M.  Kirk  and  Martha  M.  Howells.  assisted  by  thirty-five 
philanthropic  women,  who  united  in  an  organization  for  its  support  known  as 
the  Free  Dispensary  Association  for  Women  and  Children.  The  clinics  were 
increasingly  large  and  out  of  them  grew  the  need  of  a  hospital.  This  need 
stimulated  the  members  to  determined  effort  and  on  October  11,  1881,  the  Free 
Dispensary  for  Women  and  Children  became  the  Ohio  Hospital  for  Women 
and  Qiildren  by  an  act  of  incorporation,  May  9,  1882.  A  house  affording  suit- 
able accommodations  in  West  Ninth  street  was  rented,  equipped  and  formally 
opened  as  a  hospital  the  following  June.  In  a  few  years  this  house  proved  too 
small  for  the  growing  work  and  a  permanent  home  was  purchased  for  twenty 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


171 


thousand  dollars  in  December,  1888.  This  commodious  house,  No.  549  West 
Seventh  street,  was  opened  March  4,  1889.  The  object  of  this  institution  has 
been  to  offer  to  women  an  opportunity  to  consult  homoeopathic  women  physi- 
cians, and  to  women  physicians  clinical  advantages  and  experience.  The  train- 
ing of  nurses  has  been  a  prominent  feature  since  1887.  Some  three  thousand 
patients  have  been  received  in  its  private  rooms  and  wards.  The  hospital  dur- 
ing three  years  has  received  several  bequests  and  is  supported  outside  of  its 
income  from  private  patients  by  annual  dues  from  members  of  its  association, 
donations,  etc.  A  free  dispensary  has  always  been  an  adjunct  of  the  hospital 
and  thousands  of  the  needy  of  the  city  have  shared  its  benefits. 

The  medical  staff  consists  of  'the  fol- 
lowing physicians :  Ellen  M.  Kirk,  dean ; 
Mary  E.  Minor,  Sophia  P.  Georgi,  Ida  E.  Mc- 
Cormick,  Ella  E.  Huntington,  Bertha  Van 
Houten  Anthony,  Florence  M.  Pollock. 

The  general  management  of  this  hospital  for 
women  by  women  is  vested  in  a  board  of  man- 
agers as  follows :  Mrs.  Robert  Hosea,  presi- 
dent ;  Mrs.  J.  D.  Park,  vice-president ;  Mrs. 
Wm.  N.  Hobart,  second  vice-president ;  Mrs. 
E.  D.  Albro,  secretary ;  Mrs.  T.  B.  Collier, 
treasurer;  Dr.  Ellen  M.  Kirk,  dean;  Mrs.  Ellen 
Clarke.  Mrs.  E.  G.  Carpenter,  Mrs.  G.  W.  El- 
lard,  ]\Iiss  Lida  Galigher,  Mrs.  J.  J.  Hooker, 
Mrs.  W.  P.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Taylor  Latta,  Mrs. 
Langtrie.  Mrs.  A.  S.  Lowenberg,  Mrs.  G.  W. 
Oyler,  Mrs.  C.  D.  Robertson  and  Miss  Fanny 
E.  Turner. 

The  Toledo  Protestant  Hospital,  an  institution  under  homoeopathic  medi- 
cal supervision,  is  the  result  of  a  movement  begun  in  1874,  and  which  reached 
fruition  in  1877,  when  its  rooms  were  opened  for  patients.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated December  12,  1876,  and  is  under  the  medical  and  surgical  supervision  of 
the  Lucas  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society.  Originally  the  hospital  staff 
was  chosen  from  both  schools  of  medicine,  but  the  allopaths  refused  to  attend 
an  institution  where  homoeopathy  was  permitted  to  be  practiced  and  severed 
their  connection  with  it ;  upon  which  the  hospital  was  placed  under  homoe- 
opathic medical  supervision,  but  the  representatives  of  that  school  have  been 
considerate  of  allopathy,  and  have  admitted  its  representatives  to  the  privi- 
leges of  the  institution. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  William  Sturm,  it  is  said  on  excellent  authority,  began  the  practice 
of  homoeopathy  in  Cincinnati  in  1839,  which  event  gives  him  precedence  in 
the  long  and  honorable  line  of  homoeopaths  who  followed  him  in  the  field 
in  after  years.  He  was  born  in  Saxony  in  June,  1796.  and  was  educated  in 
medicine  in  Germany,  a  pupil  of  Hahnemann,  the  founder  of  the  homoeopathic 
school.  Sturm  is  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  liberal  education,  and  in  medi- 
cine his  success  in  the  treatment  of  cases  of  an  acute  character  gave  him  an 
extensive  practice  and  proclaimed  his  name  and  fame  throughout  the  Ohio 
river  valley. 

The  second  disciple  of  homoeopathy  in  Cincinnati  was  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Pulte, 


Ohio  Hospital  for  Women  and 
Children,  Cincinnati. 


172  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

who  took  up  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cincinnati  in  1840,  an  incident  of 
travel  having  impelled  him  to  change  his  determination  to  visit  his  brother  in 
St.  Louis  and  undoubtedly  to  practice  medicine  in  that  city ;  and  this  was  a 
fortunate  resolution  on  Pulte's  part  for  the  development  of  homoeopathy  in 
Ohio,  for  this  great  exemplar  of  the  Halinemannian  doctrine  was  a  man  of 
learning,  a  plnsician  of  repute,  and  a  citizen  whose  every  walk  in  life  was 
correct.  And  Pulte  in  later  years  was  the  founder  of  the  great  college  of  homoe- 
opathic medical  instruction  in  Cincinnati  which  bears  his  name  and  most 
worthily  promulgates  the  doctrines  he  first  expounded  in  that  city  more  than 
three  score  years  ago.  The  life  and  services  of  Dr.  Pulte  are  subjects  of  men- 
tion in  the  history  of  the  college  referred  to,  hence  need  no  further  commen- 
tary in  this  place. 

In  1849  Asiatic  cholera  laid  its  scourge  upon  the  west,  and  during  its  prev- 
alence Pulte  with  a  few  other  capable  homoeopaths  proved  that  medicines  in 
attenuated  doses  administered  according  to  the  law  of  Hahnemann  could  in  a 
great  measure  lessen  its  ravages ;  and  while  certain  physicians  and  ministerial 
editors  were  inclined  to  cavil  at  the  success  of  the  homoeopaths,  the  people 
accepted  the  fact  and  the  new  doctrine  found  favor  throughout  the  entire 
region.  This  period  in  our  history  in  Ohio  was  marked  with  what  is  known  as 
the  "cholera  pamphlet  war"  in  Cincinnati.  The  plague  first  appeared  in  that 
city  in  1849,  ^^^  from  the  first  the  allopaths  made  reports  to  the  authorities, 
while  the  homoeopaths,  not  knowing  the  requirem.ents,  failed  to  do  so;  and 
for  this  they  were  brought  to  bar.  Pulte  and  Ehrmann,  homoeopaths,  were 
tried  before  the  mayor,  but  were  dismissed,  the  health  board  not  being  law- 
fully organized.  However,  after  this  affair  both  Pulte  and  Ehrmann  made 
public  their  practice  and  its  results  during  the  continuance  of  the  epidemic. 

At  that  tmie  in  Cincinnati  there  lived  a  minister,  who  also  was  an  editor 
of  a  religious  paper  called  the  "Methodist  Expositor,"  and  who  with  his  other 
attainments  w'as  an  allopathic  physician.  He  appeared  to  have  been  some- 
what exercised  in  his  mind  regarding  the  followers  of  Hahnemann  and  their 
practice  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  his  paper  he  attacked  the  report  of  Pulte  and 
Ehrmann,  and  also  attacked  homoeopathy  in  general,  using  language  and 
expressions  more  bitter  dian  befitted  a  man  of  the  cloth.  In  one  of  his  lamen- 
tations he  quoted  scripture :  "If  the  trumpet  give  an  uncertain  sound  who 
shall  prepare  himself  to  the  battle."  The  worthy  editor  entitled  his  articles 
"Hor.ioeopathic  Trumpet,"  and  they  were  answered  by  Pulte  and  Ehrmann  in 
a  determined  yet  more  christianlike  spirit.  After  this  controversy  had  con- 
tinued some  time  an  association  of  citizens  was  formed,  called  the  Homoe- 
opathic Association,  and  a  committee  from  it  was  appointed  to  investigate  the 
matter  and  report.  This  committee  comprised  Alphonso  Taft,  B.  F.  Barrett, 
George  Carlisle,  Nathaniel  L.  Sawyer  and  George  Crawford.  After  making 
a  careful  examination  of  the  various  cases  treated,  the  committee  reported  at 
a  meeting  of  the  association  held  in  October,  1849,  ^"d  exonerated  Drs.  Pulte 
and  Ehrmann  from  blame  or  discredit,  at  the  same  time  recommending  that 
the  reverend  medico-editor  "promptly  correct  what  he  finds  to  be  incorrect  in 
his  published  statements  of  this  subject." 

The  homoeopathic  journals  of  the  time,  Shipman's  "  Northwestern  Jour- 
nal of  Homrcopathia,"  the  "  Quarterly  Homoeopathic  Journal,"  of  Boston,  the 
"  Southwestern  Ilomceopatbic  Journal."  and  "  Review  and  the  American 
Journal  of  Homoeopathy,"  all  published  editorials.  The  pamphlets  were  widely 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  173 

circulated,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  outcome  was  largely  of  benefit  to 
homoeopathy  in  the  west. 

Contemporary  with  Dr.  Pulte  in  the  early  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Cin- 
cinnati was  Dr.  Benjamin  Ehrmann,  another  of  the  Allentown  graduates.  He 
had  drifted  west,  following  the  tide  of  emigration,  and  located  at  Chillicothe, 
and  in  1848  becoming  acquainted  with  Pulte  was  by  him  persuaded  to  go  to 
Cincinnati,  where  they  formed  a  partnership. 

Dr.  F.  A.  W.  Davis  went  to  Cincinnati  in  1846  to  spend  the  summer.  He 
met  Pulte  and  was  induced  to  study  homoeopathy.  During  the  cholera  epi- 
demic he  did  great  service,  opened  a  free  dispensary  and  treated  a  great  many 
poor  people  gratuitously.     He  afterward  went  to  Tennessee. 


James  G.   Hunt,  M.   D. 

Dr.  James  George  Hunt  was  another  of  the  early  practitioners  in  Cin- 
cinnati. He  had  become  a  homoeopathist  during  the  cholera  epidemic  of 
1849. 

Dr.  Adam  Aliller  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Cincinnati  about  1850  and  soon 
afterward  w^ent  to  lUmois. 

Another  of  the  earlv  homoeopaths  in  Cincinnati  was  Edwin  C.  Witherill. 
who  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1821,  and  when  nine  years  old  his  par- 
ents moved  to  Auburn.  N.  Y.  At  sixteen  he  made  a  voyage  to  Liverpool,  and 
on  his  return  taught  in  the  public  schools  and  studied  medicine,  receiving  his 
diploma  from  a  medical  school  in  New  York  city.  He  practiced  in  Auburn 
and  Canandaicua.  and  then  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  anatomy  and  physi- 
ology in  the  Western   Homoeopathic  College  at  Cleveland.     Before  accepting 


174  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

this  position  he  spent  some  time  in  the  hospitals  of  London  and  Paris.  He 
was  a  professor  in  the  college  from  1850  to  1853.  Later  on  he  went  to  Cin- 
cinnati where  he  remained  in  practice  until  his  death,  October  30.  1865. 

Dr.  Jesse  Garrettson  began  the  practice  of  homcEopathy  in  Cincinnati  in 
1849.  He  died  in  that  city,  July  3.  1876.  His  brother,  Dr.  Joseph  Garrettson, 
was  with  him  during  the  later  years  of  his  life. 

Dr.  George  W.  Bigler  located  in  Cincinnati  in  1850.  He  was  a  native  of 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and  originally  was  an  allopathic  physician,  but  becoming 
convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  he  adopted  it  and  became  a  prominent 
practitioner  in  Ohio.  He  was  of  the  Swedenborgian  faith,  a  member  of  the 
American  institute  and  also  of  the  state  and  county  homoeopathic  societies. 
He  died  at  his  home  in  Cincinnati.  April  28,  1871. 

Dr.  William  Peck,  an  allopathic  physician  of  Cincinnati,  adopted  homoe- 
opathy in  1849.  He  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  (Bachelor)  Peck, 
and  was  born  in  Sutton,  Mass.,  April  6.  1798.  He  graduated  from  Brown 
University  in  1820.  He  opened  an  office  in  Providence,  R.  L,  and  on  May 
21,  1823,  married  Jane,  daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  Thane.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  New  Rochelle,  X.  Y.,  where  he  practiced  until  1831,  when  he 
located  in  Cincinnati.  Dr.  Ira  Barrows,  his  cousin,  of  Providence,  R.  L, 
induced  him  to  'become  a  homoeopath.  He  joined  the  institute  in  1850.  and 
was  on  his  way  to  the  meeting  in  1857,  when  in  a  collision  on  the  Erie  railroad 
on  June  3,  he  was  instantly  killed.  Dr.  George  B.  Peck  of  Providence  is 
his  nephew. 

Dr.  Price,  another  allopathic  physician  of  Cincinnati,  became  a  convert 
about  1849. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Cleveland  by  Dr.  R.  E.  W.  Adams  in 
1843.  He  remained  there  a  few  years  and  then  went  to  Illinois.  In  1844  Dr. 
Daniel  O.  Hoyt  went  to  Cleveland,  associating  himself  with  Dr.  Adams.  Dr. 
Hoyt  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  practiced  allopathy  for  several 
years  before  he  went  to  Qeveland.  where  he  took  up  homoeopathy.  He  prac- 
ticed for  over  thirty  years  in  Cleveland,  and  died  August  10,  1874,  aged 
eighty-seven   years. 

Dr.  John  Wheeler,  the  third  homoeopathic  physician  in  Cleveland,  com- 
menced to  practice  in  that  city  in  1845.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  181 7  and  practiced  as  an  allopath  in  Troy  from  18 18  to  1845,  when  he 
became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy.  In  1845  he  located  in  Cleveland  and  re- 
mained there  until  his  death.  February  12.  1870,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  Dr. 
Wheeler  was  one  of  the  best  known  and  beloved  of  the  earlier  Qeveland  physi- 
cians. It  was  largely  through  his  persuasions  that  Dr.  David  Herrick  Beckwith 
was  converted  to  homoeopathv.  Dr.  Wheeler  was  for  many  years  president 
of  the  Cleveland  Hospital  College. 

Dr.  Edward  Caspari  practiced  for  a  time  at  Ravenna  in  1843.  He  after- 
ward went  to  Louisville.  Ky. 

Dr.  Schlagel,  a  German  physician,  located  at  Amherst  in  1844,  and  from 
that  place  his  nractice  extended  to  Oberlin.  Flyria  and  other  towns. 

Dr.  Alexander  H.  T'.urritt  located  at  Burton  in  1840.  He  was  born  in 
Trey,  N.  Y..  April  17.  180^.  His  father.  Dr.  Elv  Burritt,  was  a  practitioner  in 
Troy  for  nearly  thirtv  vcars.  His  partner  was  Dr.  Robbins.  Alexander  stud- 
ied medicine  with  his  father,  and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Phvsicians  and 
Surgeons  in  New  York  in  the  spring  of  1827.  He  practiced  allopathy  in 
Washington  connt>   until   1838.  about  which  time  his  friend  and  relative,  Dr. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  175 

John  F.  Gray,  induced  him  to  investip^ate  the  homoeopathic  system  and  exam- 
ine its  merits.  He  visited  New  York  to  witness  the  success  of  Gray  and  Hull, 
and  soon  became  satisfied  with  the  new  medical  doctrine.  In  a  few  months  he 
located  in  Pennsylvania  and  was  the  pioneer  in  Crawford  county,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the  new  system.  He  practiced  at  Conneaut- 
ville  and  then  went  to  Burton.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of 
obstetrics  in  the  Western  Homoeopathic  College,  but  ill  health  caused  him  to 
resign  his  professorship.  He  afterward  removed  to  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  and 
thence  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained  until  his  death.  He  was  still  in 
practice  in  1876. 

Dr.   David    Shepherd  began   practice   in   Bainbridge   in    1845,   where   he 


John  Wheeler,  M.  D. 

had  a  large  farm  and  combined  both  occupations.  He  died  in  June,  1887,  aged 
seventy-nine  vears. 

Dr.  Alpheus  Morrill  located  at  Akron  in  1846,  remaining  theretwo  years, 
after  which  he  went  to  Columbus  to  practice.  An  attack  of  intermittent  fever 
compelled  him  to  remove,  and  he  went  to  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  he  passed 
his  life.  He  died  in  t868.  Dr.  Crosby,  his  partner,  was  also  obliged  by  sick- 
ness to  leave  Akron  and  go  east. 

Dr.  B.  W.  Richmond  located  at  Chardon,  Dr.  Stevens  at  Wmdsor,  and 
Dr.  H.  Plimpton  at  Painesville,  in  1845. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Barker  opened  an  office  in  Cleveland  in  1848  and  a  few  months 
later  Dr.  Thomas  Miller  became  his  partner.  Soon  afterward  Dr.  Barker  went 
to  Detroit  and  Dr.  Miller  to  Missouri. 


ITi;  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEGPATHY 

In  1847  L)'-  Gerhard  Saal  was  practicing  homceopathy  in  Springfield. 
He  was  educated  in  Germany  and  came  to  America  in  1846.  In  1852  he  went 
to  Cincinnati  and  became  partner  of  Dr.  E.  C.  Witherill.  In  1872  he  held  the 
chair  of  chnical  mctHcine  in  Puke  College.  He  died  May  4,  1875.  In  1852  he 
published  in  the  ""  American  Magazine  of  Homceopathy  "  a  series  of  articles 
on  kinesitherapy. 

i)r.  Jacob  Uosler  commenced  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Dayton  in  1848, 
and  assisted  in  organizing  the  state  societies.  He  died  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
six. 

Dr.  Henry  L.  Sook  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1853  at  Pom- 
eroy.  He  says :  "  The  first  homoeopathic  medicine  I  ever  saw,  and  I  believe 
the  first  time  I  ever  heard  of  it,  was  in  1844.  A  friend  of  mine  had  brought 
a  small  case  and  book  from  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Of  course,  like  other  simpletons,  I 
attempted  to  make  sport  of  the  little  pills,  but  afterward  being  convinced  of 
their  superiority,  studied  the  system  in  opposition  to  all  friends  and  relations 
excepting  the  one  first  named.  I  had  a  course  of  lectures  at  Cleveland  the 
winter  of  1852-53  and  commenced  the  practice.  After  eight  years  I  returned 
and  graduated."  After  remaining  three  years  at  Pomeroy  he  went  to  Steu- 
benville.  In  1869  he  located  at  Newark,  and  joined  the  institute  that  same 
year. 

Dr.  X.  H.  .Manter  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  at  Elyria,  the  county 
town  of  Lorain  county,  in  1848.  He  had  been  practicing  medicine  about  twen- 
ty-five years.  In  1S52  Dr.  H.  P.  Gatchell  made  a  trip  through  Ohio,  visiting 
the  physicians  who  were  interested  in  homoeopathy  and  writing  a  series  of  edi- 
torial letters  to  the  "  American  Magazine  of  Homoeopathy  and  Hydropathy," 
of  which  he,  with  Dr.  Pulte,  was  joint  editor.  One  of  his  articles  says :  '"  Dr. 
Manter,  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  that  section,  has  been  practicing  medi- 
cine in  Elyria  for  some  twenty  or  twenty-five  years.  Of  a  superior  educa- 
tion, literary  and  medical,  he  soon  obtained  an  extensive  practice.  But  hav- 
ing been  attracted  by  the  reputation  of  homoeopathy  some  two  or  three  years 
since,  to  give  it  an  examination,  and  having  derived  some  benefit  from  it  in  his 
own  person,  he  has  abandoned  his  former  destructive  practice,  and  now  demon- 
strates by  superior  success  the  merits  of  homceopathy."  Dr.  Manter  died 
about  1866  or  1867.    Dr.  Rosa,  Jr.,  was  at  that  time  his  partner. 

Dr.  John  Tifft,  of  Norwalk,  practiced  allopathy  for  many  years,  but  in 
1852,  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Horatio  Robinson  of  New  York,  he  took  up 
homoeopathy.  Dr.  D.  H.  Beckwith  was  his  partner  at  Norwalk  for  three 
years. 

Dr.  J.  Beeman,  who  had  been  an  eclectic  physician  in  Birmingham,  became 
a  homoeopath  in  1851.  He  said:  "In  testing  the  homoeopathic  law  and  in 
availing  myself  of  its  valuable  application  when  tested,  I  have  only  acted  in 
accordance  with  the  principles  inculcated  in  my  medical  education.  I  received 
that  at  an  eclectic  college  from  professors  who  were  free  to  investigate,  whose 
maxim  was  to  'prove  all  things,  and  to  hold  fast  that  which  is  good.'  Their 
graduates,  therefore,  unlike  the  graduates  of  allopathic  schools  in  general, 
were  untrammelled.  Governed  by  the  principles  there  taught,  I  have  ever  felt 
free  to  receive  truth  from  every  source.  Nor  have  I  suffered  myself  to  be  blind- 
ed by  the  influence  of  custom  or  the  desire  for  popularity.  I  have  respected  no 
error  because  it  is  old — 1  have  rejected  no  truth  because  it  is  new.  Antiquity 
or  popularity  count  for  nothing  with  me  in  estimating  the  value  of  systems  of 
medicines." 


1U^T;)KV  ( )!•  IK  )M(i:(  irA'riiv  177 


cii.\i''ri-:K  IX 

I  cm;;!".'  I'ATUN    i.\   Oil  10 — (coNi  ixui::)) 

Purpose  of  the  HomcEopathic  Society  of  Cincinnati — Hill  of  the  Pxleclic  Mcdic-il  Insti- 
tute of  Cincinnati  Converted  to  Homoeopath}' — Shepherd,  the  Pioneer  in  Hamilton 
County — Reminiscences  of  Early  Physicians — Pulte,  the  Founder,  Scholar  and  Phy- 
sician—  The  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine. 

The  period  from  1849  to  1852  in  the  Iv'siory  of  Ohio  hoinceopathy  is 
important.  The  Homoeoi^alhic  Society  of  Cincinnati  was  con^^osed  largely  of 
laymen  and  had  a  thousand  members  whose  purpose  was  to  vindicate  homce- 
opathy  and  to  uphold  the  truth  regarding:  the  cholera  epidemic  ;  to  i)etition  the 
assembly  of  1849  ^or  an  act  establishing  a  homctopathic  college;  to  ijromulgate 
the  lectures  by  Storm  Rosa  in  1849;  to  organize  a  college  at  Cleveland  in 
1850;  and  to  promote  the  advancement  of  the  system  throughout  the  towns  of 
the  state.  On  September  2.  185 1.  a  convention  of  the  houKTeopathic  physicians 
of  Ohio  was  called  to  meet  at  Columbus  and  organize  a  state  society.  The 
occasion  witnessed  several  interesting  events.  Dr.  Benjamin  L.  Hill,  who  had 
been  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Cincinnati  Eclectic  Institute,  avowed  his 
conversion  to  homoeopathy  and  gave  his  reasons,  which  were  afterward  pub- 
lished in  a  series  of  articles  in  the  "  Magazine  of  Homceopathy."  Dr.  Hill  was 
born  December  8.  1813.  For  some  years  he  was  professor  of  anatomy  and 
surgcrv  in  the  Eclectic  ATedical  Institute,  Cincinnati.  ?mi(1  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Western  Homoeopathic  College  at  Cleveland.  He  was  profes- 
sor of  the  principles  and  practice  of  .surgery  in  that  school,  and  also  oave  a 
course  of  lectures  in  the  St.  Louis  Homoeopathic  College  in  i860.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  work  on  tidectic  surgery,  published  in  i8!;o,  and  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  J.  C.  Hunt,  ])ublished  a  work  on  h(imoeopathic  surgery,  issued  in 
Clevel.indin  i8;5.  In  1859  he  published  a  small  domestic  book  called  '•Epi- 
tome of  the  Hom(eo])athic  Healing  .Art."  which  became  i)opular  and  which ' 
passed  through  eighteen  editions.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  bv  President  Lin- 
coln, consul  to  Xicarngua.  where  he  passed  one  year,  when  his  health  became 
impaired  and  he  returned.  He  also  served  two  terms  in  the  Ohio  legislature. 
He  removed  from  Cincinnati  to  Berlin  in  1852.  and  practiced  until  a  short 
time  before  his  death,  when  he  went  to  :\rarysville.  California,  where  he  died. 
Mav  13,  1871. 

'  The  pioneer  hcma:oi)ath  of  Hamilton  county  was  Dr.  Alfred  Shepherd. 
He  graduated  at  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in  Alarch.  1849.  settled  at 
Springdale.  and  commenced  the  practice  of  honKcopathy.  He  was  the  only 
bomcx^opnthic  physician  at  that  time  between  Cincinnati  and  Dayton.  A  few 
years  later  he  removed  to  Glendale.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy  in  1865.     Llis  death  occurred  in  ^May,  1891. 

F.  H.  Rheiwinkle  succeeded  Dr.  B.  F.  Ehrmann  at  Chillicothe  in  1849. 
and  practiced  homceopathy  there  two  years  when  he  abandotied  medicine  for 
dentistry. 

Dr.  Adolph  Bauer,  one  of  the  Allentown  coterie  who  practiced  for  a  time 


Seven  Old  Fellows. 


HISTORY  OF  HOAJCEOPATHY  179 

at  Lynn  township,  Pa.,  and  graduated  from  the  academy,  was  born  and  edu- 
cated in  Germany.  He  located  in  Cincinnati  in  1848,  where  he  acquired  a 
large  practice  and  where  he  passed  his  Hfe.  He  died  suddenly  October  13, 
1867,  aged  61  years.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 
1846.  ' 

Isedorich  Ehrmann,  brother  of  Benjamin,  was  lx>rn  in  Jaxsthausen  and 
received  his  medical  education  in  Germany.  He  arrived  in  New  York  in  the 
spring  of  1833,  settling  at  first  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  later  went  to  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1857  he  was  m  practice  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  and  afterward  located 
in  Cincinnati.     He  died  June  7,  1890. 

J.  W.  Leech  was  for  a  time  located  at  Xenia.  In  i860  he  settled  in 
Cincinnati. 

Ephraim  Craig  Beckwith  was  born  in  Bronson,  Huron  county,  Ohio,  De- 
cember 6,  1824.  In  185 1  he  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  the  medical 
department  of  Michigan  University.  In  1853  '^e  graduated  at  the  Geneva, 
N.  Y.,  Medical  College.  The  next  year  he  located  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  in  part- 
nership with  Dr.  A.  J.  Sawyer.  In  1856  he  married  Fanny  Forest.  After  ten 
years  of  practice  he  removed  to  Zanesville  where  he  remained  for  twelve 
years.  In  1873  he  took  charge  of  the  sanitarium  at  College  Hill,  Ohio.  This 
position  on  account  of  ill  health  he  relinquished  in  1874  and  went  to  Columbus, 
where  he  remained  in  practice  until  his  death,  November  21,  1880.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  and  of  the  state  societies. 

Arthur  T,  Bissell  located  at  Toledo  in  1848.  He  was  professor  in  the 
Western  College  in  1852.  He  removed  to  New  York  and  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing. S.  S.  Lungren  settled  at  Toledo  in  1862  and  took  Dr.  Bissell's 
office  apartments.    Dr.  Lungren  died  March  6,  1892. 

In  1849  D^-  Jolm  Gilman  located  at  Cleveland,  where  he  remained  but  a 
few  years.  With  several  others  he  started  the  "  Northern  Ohio  Medical  and 
Scientific  Examiner."     It  was  not  long  continued. 

In  1852  Dr.  Kyle,  an  old  school  graduate,  was  practicing  homoeopathy  at 
Birmingham. 

Dr.  George  Hill,  brother  to  Benjamin,  graduated  from  the  Western  Homoe- 
opathic College.  February  26,  1853.  He  located  at  Berlin  Heights  where  he 
practiced  imtil  his  death. 

Dr.  E.  W.  Cowles  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  at  Cleveland 
in  1845.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Jeft'erson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia 
and  a  convert  to  homoeopathy.  He  had  been  practicing  since  1832,  or  earlier, 
as  an  allopath. 

Dr.  Robert  Albert  Snow  was  the  first  homoeopathic  student  in  Cleveland, 
studying  with  Dr.  W^heeler.     After  graduating  he  went  to  New  York. 

Dr.  Henry  Wigand  located  at  Ravenna  in  1846,  later  went  to  Sandusky, 
from  there  to  Springfield,  and  later  located  in  Dayton.  In  185 1  he  published 
the  Davton  ''  Heralfl  of  Health." 

Charlss  D.  Williams  located  in  Cleveland  in  1846.  He  aided  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  homoeopathic  college  and  was  professor  of  principles  and  practice 
of  homoeopathy.    He  went  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in  i860. 

In  August,  1850,  Lewis  Dodge  came  from  Detroit  and  located  in  Cleve- 
land, and  later  filled  the  chair  of  materia  medica  in  the  college. 

William  Webster  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ohio.  January  12.  1827. 
His  father.  Dr.  Elias  Webster,  was  a  pioneer  homoeopathic  physician.  He 
had  been  an  allopath  in  Pennsylvania,  and  later  in  Butler  county,  Ohio.     He 


180 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


was  a  descendant  ui  Xoah  Webster,  the  lexicographer.  His  mother.  Mary 
Kain,  was  the  daughter  of  an  Ohio  pioneer.  Dr.  Webster  was  educated  at  the 
Ohio  Weslevan  University,  and  also  at  Farmer's  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1848.  He  then  entered  the  Cincinnati  Eclectic  Institute,  graduating  in  1851. 
He  moved  to  JMiddletown,  Ohio,  where  he  began  the  practice  of  allopathy, 
but  he  had  listened  to  the  lectures  of  Dr.  Rosa,  and  they  had  impressed  him. 
He  made  trials  of  homoeopathy,  and  in  two  or  three  years  adopted  the  new  sys- 
tem. Dr.  Webster  remained  nine  years  at  Middletown.  but  in  1858  went 
to  Davton.  At  that  time  there  were  but  two  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Day- 
ton. Dr.  Bosler  and  Dr.  Wigand,  and  Webster  bought  out  Wigand.  He 
remained  in  Dayton  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  had  three  sons,  two  of  whom 
are  phvsicians.  He  was  a  member  of  the  institute  and  of  the  state  and  county 
societies.     His  death  occurred  May  22.  1894. 

Dr.  Horatio  P.  Gatchell  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  Brunswick, 
Maine.  He  studied  for  the  ministry  and  as  late  as  1843  ^^  was  a  preacher  of  the 

gospel.  He  subsequently  studied  med- 
icine, and  in  1849-50  was  a  professor 
in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of 
Cincinnati.  At  that  time  he  was  in- 
vestigating homoeopathy.  In  1850  he 
became  associated  with  Dr.  Pulte  in 
the  "American  Magazine  of  Homoeop- 
athy." In  1 85 1  he  became  professor 
of  pathology  and  practice  in  the 
Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College.  In 
1865  he  was  connected  with  the  Hahn- 
emann Medical  College  of  Chicago. 
He  estabhshed  a  sanitarium  at  Ken- 
osha, Wis.,  and  later  removed  to  Ashe- 
ville,  N.  C.  where  he  remained  until 
his  death.  March  2j,  1885.  In  May. 
1852.  Dr.  Gatchell  writes:  "When 
last  year  I  wrote  you  from  Painesville 
I  was  here  as  a  visitor,  now  I  write 
from  under  my  own  rooftree ;  then  I 
was  eng.iged  in  private  practice  in  Cin- 
cinnati :  now  I  am  laying  the  founda- 
tions of  an  infirmary  upon  one  of  the 
most  salubrious  spots  in  the  western 
country." 
Dr.  George  \\'illiam  Barnes  graduated  at  the  Western  Homoeopathic  Col- 
lege in  1852.    In  1869  he  went  to  California. 

Dr.  Hamilton  Ring  graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  Mexlical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1851.  He  then  located  at  Urbana.  He  writes:  "Homoe- 
opathy had  few  supporters  in  Urbana- in  the  beginning  of  1852,  three  or  four 
families  only  being  prepared  to  rely  upon  it  in  cases  of  severe  sickness.  Two 
physicians  had  been  here  for  very  short  periods  a  year  or  two  before,  but  had 
not  found  the  encouragement  to  remain  they  wished.  During  1852  my  income 
from  practice  was  but  $300:  in  1833  o"ly  S450.  From  year  to  year  the  prac- 
tice has  steadily  increased,  except  during  the  war  period,  when  the  field  was 
in  charge  of  two  men  who  neglected  the  interests  of  practice.     With  the  excep- 


-A  If  red  Shepherd.  M.  1). 


HISTORY  OF  HO:MaiOPATHY  ISl 

tion  of  the  period  between  1857  'ii""^!  1865,  during-  which  period  I  practiced 
homoeopathy  at  Port  Gibson,  j\Iiss.,  I  have  resided  in  I'rbana."  Dr.  Ring  died 
on  November  12.  1884. 

In  1854  or  1855  Dr.  T.  W.  Cnscaden,  a  graduate  of  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Institute,  located  in  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  and  was  the  first  homoeopathic 
physician  in  that  locality.  Although  it  was  said  that  he  could  not  remain, 
he  did  so  until  his  death  in  1861.  Dr.  Charles  Cropper  went  to  Lebanon  in 
Januar}^  1861.  remaining  there  until  1863.  when  he  went  to  Cincinnati.  He 
practiced  there  until  1869,  when  he  returned  to  Lebanon.  He  was  born  at 
Lexington.  Ky.,  September  16,  1826,  graduated  from  Eclectic  Medical  Insti- 
tute in  1854.  in  1864  he  founded  the  "  American  Homoeopathist,"  which  was 
published  three  vears. 

Benjamin  Khrmatui  was  a  native  of  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  born  in  the 
village  of  Jaxsthausen.  March  3,  1812.  His  father  and  grandfather  were  physi- 
cians and  both  practiced  medicine  in  his  native  village.  As  has  been  stated, 
he  came  to  America  when  a  young  man,  attended  lectures  in  Philadelphia, 
graduated  at  Allentown  Academy,  and  then  located  at  Harrisburg,  where  he 
married.  Later  on  he  determined  to  follow  the  western  emigration  and  lived 
for  a  time  at  Chillicothe,  where  he  practiced  for  a  short  time  in  1848,  but  becom- 
nig  acquainted  with  Dr.  Pulte,  he  was  persuaded  to  remove  to  Cincinnati  and 
there  formed  a  partnership  with  Pulte.  Then  came  the  terrible  epidemic  of 
chcler.-i  in  1849  ^"d  the  two  made  a  reputation  most  enviable,  despite  of  the 
env\-  of  the  opposing  medical  school  that  sought  to  destroy  the  "ignorant  Ger- 
man fanatics."  Ehrmann  was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Homoeopathy,  joining  in  1846.  He  was  a  Swedenborgian,  as  were 
many  of  the  older  homoeopathists.  His  last  illness  was  of  short  duration  and 
he  died  March  15,  1886.  in  his  75th  year.  He  left  six  children,  of  whom  two 
sons  became  practicing  physicians  in  Cincinnati. 

James  George  Hunt  was  born  in  Cincinnati  September  2,  1822.  He 
attended  Woodward  College,  Cincinnati,  and  Yale  College.  He  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  F.  V.  Morrow,  the  founder  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of 
Cincinnati.  On  graduating  he  was  offered  the  professorship  of  chemistry  in  a 
medical  school  recently  established  in  Memphis,  Imt  declined  it  and  became 
partner  with  Dr.  Morrow  in  the  spring  of  1849.  The  same  year  he  married 
Sarah  E.  Palmer.  During  the  prevalence  of  the  cholera  epidemic,  Dr.  Hunt 
made  his  first  experiments  in  homoeopathy,  and  his  success  was  such  that  he 
soon  began  its  practice.  In  1855,  with  Dr.  ?>.  L.  Hill,  he  published  a  book 
on  the  homoeopathic  practice  of  surgery,  which  had  a  ready  sale.  The  same 
year  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  surgery  in  the  Western  College  of  Homre- 
opathic  Medicine.  He  was  for  a  time  connected  with  "  The  Homoeopathist," 
a  journal  started  by  Dr.  Cropper.  In  1872,  with  Dr.  Alonzo  Bishop  of  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.,  Dr.  Hunt  established  a  sanitarium  at  the  White  Sulphur  and  Tar 
Springs,  near  Cloverport,  Ky.     He  died  a  few  years  later. 

V\'i!liam  Owens  commenced  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Cincinnati  in 
1849.  He  was  born  in  Warren,  Trumbull  county,  April  24,  1823:  went  to 
Cincinnati  in  1837;  attended  Woodward  College,  and  then  entered  a  drug 
store.  He  volunteered  for  service  in  the  Mexican  war  and  was  in  several  bat- 
tles. At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  began  to  study 
medicine,  graduating  in  1849.  T"  the  fall  of  that  year  he  began  the  practice 
of  homceopathv  and  became  demonstrator  in  the  institute.  Later,  he  held  the 
^ame  position  in  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathy  at  Cleveland.     In  1855 


182 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


he  took  cliarj^e  of  a  water  cure  establishment  at  Granville.  In  1861  he  raised 
a  company  of  cavalry  and  was  appointed  first  lieutenant,  and  later  was  pro- 
moted captain.  He  also  acted  as  assistant  surgeon  and  quartermaster.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  to  practice.  On  May  12,  1853,  he  married 
Sarah  E.  Wilcox  of  Cincinnati.  June  i,  1865,  he  w^as  appointed  a  pension 
examining-  surgeon  for  Hamilton  county.  He  was  also  professor  of  anatomy 
in  Pulte  Medical  College. 

Dr.  Storm  Rosa  was  born  in  Coxsackie,  Green  county,  N.  Y.,  July  18, 
1 79 1.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Doubleday,  of  Catskill,  Dr.  Taw  Green, 
of  Chenango  county,  and  Dr.  Clyde,  of  Broome  county,  N.  Y.  After  three 
vears  studv  he  was  examined  bv  the  board  of  censors  of  Senaca  county,  and 


William  Owens,  M.  D. 


was  granted  a  license  March  9.  1816.  He  then  located  in  ^ladison,  Ohio,  prac- 
ticed there  until  October.  181 8.  when  he  removed  to  Painesville.  While  in 
Madison  he  mairied  Sophia  Kimball,  by  w^hom  he  had  two  children,  Lemuel 
K,  and  Catherine  Rosa.  Lemuel  became  a  homoeopathic  physician.  In  1841 
Dr.  Rosa  began  to  investigate  homoeopathy  at  the  suggestion  of  friends  who 
had  been  using  homoeopathic  medicine  with  success.  He  received  the  assis- 
tance of  Dr.  Barlow,  of  New  York,  and  Dr.  Pulte,  of  Cincinnati,  who  supplied 
him  with  books  and  medicines.  In  1843  ^^^  formally  adopted  the  system.  Dr. 
E.  M.  Hale  thus  writes  of  him:  "  When  the  Eclectic  ^Tcdical  College  of  Cin- 
cinnati was  organized,  it  was  understood  by  the  legislature  that  chartered  it 
and  the  original  faculty  that  it  was  to  be  organized  upon  the  broadest  basis  of 
ture  eclecticism.  Drs.  Morrow,  Hill,  Gatchcll  and  other  able  men  were  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty,  and  Dr.  Rosa  was  selected  bv  the  homoeopathists  of  Ohio 


HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY 


18S 


as  a  suitable  person  to  occupy  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
His  labors  in  that  ct^llege  mark  an  era  of  homoeopathy  in  the  west.  They  gave 
an  impetus  to  the  system  that  is  felt  even  to  this  dav.  He  began  one  course 
of  lectures,  which  had  the  effect  of  converting  not  only  one-tliird  of  the  class, 
but  two  of  his  most  prominent  eclectic  colleagues  in  the  faculty.  Drs.  Hill  and 
Gatchell.  This  was  a  result  not  relished  by  the  eclectic  school  and  Dr.  Rosa 
was  deposed  from  his  position." 

The  trustees  formally  abolished  this  chair  August  22,  1850.  A  trustee 
published  a  letter  to  the  "  American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy  "  for  October, 
1850,  in  which  he  said  that  as  there 
were  many  errors  in  homoeopathy, 
and  as  the  students  were  already 
overburdened  with  study,  and  as  the 
professors  w^ere  quite  competent  to 
teach  the  doctrines  of  homoeopathy 
as  much  as  necessary,  a  special 
homoeopathic  professorship  was  of 
no  utility,  especially  as  there  had 
been  considerable  opposition  in  the 
ranks  of  the  homoeopathic  school. 

When  the  Western  College  of 
Homoeopathic  Medicine  was  opened 
in  Cleveland  in  the  fall  of  1850,  Dr. 
Rosa  was  tendered  the  chair  of  ob- 
stetrics and  diseases  of  women, 
which  position  he  occupied  for  sev- 
eral years.  When  the  St.  Louis 
Homoeopathic  College  was  estab- 
lished he  was  offered  the  chair  of 
theory  and  practice,  but  declined. 
He  presided  over  the  first  meeting 
of  homoeopaths  held  in  Ohio,  at  Bur- 
ton, and  there  were  but  nine  phy- 
sicians present.  Dr.  Rosa  died  at 
Painesville.  Mav  3,  1864. 

Lemuel  K.  Rosa  was  born  in  1827.  He  graduated  at  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Institute  of  Cincinnati,  and  soon  afterward,  1849,  associated  in  practice  with 
Dr.  Adam  Miller  of  Cincinnati,  with  whom  he  remained  a  year.  In  the  spring 
of  1850  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  H.  P.  Gatchell.  His  health  was  now 
feeble,  he  having  for  some  time  been  subject  to  pulmonary  hemorrhage.  He 
returned  to  his'  father's  home  and  attempted  to  practice  with  Dr.  IManter, 
of  Elyria,  but  was  again  obliged  to  give  it  up.  He  died  February  29,  1854, 
aged  twentv-seven  vears. 

Dr.  David  Herrick  Beckwith  was  born  at  Bronson.  Feb.  13,  182^).  and 
read  medicine  with  Dr.  John  Tifft,  of  Norwalk,  from  1846  to  1849;  attended 
lectures  at  Cleveland  Medical  College  in  1847-48.  and  graduated  from  the 
eclectic  and  homoeopathic  departments  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of 
Cincinnati  in  1849.  I"  1850-51  he  attended  the  first  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Eastern  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine,  and  received  an  honorary  degree 
in  the  latter  vear.  He  became  a  partner  with  Dr.  Tifft  at  Norwalk.  remaining 
there  until  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Marietta,  being  the  first  homoeopathist 


Storm  Rosa,  M.  D. 


D.  H.  kkck  ;.  M.  n.         H.  F.  BiGOAR,  m;d. 

J.  k.  HoRNKk.  ..  (,.  H.  yiAV,  M.  D. 

11.  ViKTS,  M.  D. 
H.  B.  V\s  NORMA.N.  M.  D.  O.  A.  Palmer,  M.  D. 

H.  O.  BOHOP.  M.  D. G.  J.  Jones.  M.  D W.  A.  Phili.ii^,  M.  D.  H.  H.  Baxter,  M.  D. 


PROMIXEXT    CLEVELAND    HOMOEOPATHS. 


HISTORY  OF  HOiMCEOPATHY  185 

there.  In  1853  'le  located  at  Zanesville,  and  in  1861  settled  in  Qeveland. 
During  the  first  two  years  of  practice  he  used  allopathic  medicines  largely, 
testing  homceopathy.  His  attention  was  first  called  to  it  while  a  student.  In 
the  Cleveland  Lyceum  the  topic  was  presented :  "Resolved,  That  Homoeop- 
athy is  the  greatest  humbug  of  the  age."  Dr.  Beckwith  was  appointed  on 
the  negative  side,  which  compelled  him  to  investigate  the  principles  of  the 
new  school.  He  consulted  Drs.  John  Wheeler  and  C.  D.  Williams,  who  loaned 
him  homoecipathic  books  and  assisted  him  in  understanding  the  doctrines  of 
Hahnemann.  The  debate  lasted  for  five  hours  and  was  decided  in  the  nega- 
tive. In  1 85 1  and  1852  Dr.  Beckwith,  with  others,  w^ho  had  entire  control  of 
the  county  buildings,  tested  thoroughly  the  comparative  merits  of  homoeopathy 
and  allopathy  in  scarlet  fever  and  dysentery.  The  result  was  so  much  in 
favor  of  honireopathy  that  the  old  use  of  drugs  was  abolished.  Dr.  Beck- 
with is  a  representative  man  among  the  Ohio  homoeopathists.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Institute  of  Homceopathy,  an  organizer  of  the  state 
society  and  member  of  various  county  societies.  He  is  still  in  practice  in 
Cleveland. 

In  the  year  184G  the  first  liomcEopathic  pharmacy  in  Ohio  was  opened 
in  Cleveland  by  B.  H.  Bartlett,  at  the  corner  of  Superior  street  and  public 
square.  In  1845,  J-  ^-  DeSilver  opened  a  pharmacy  in  Cincinnati.  He  was 
agent  for  the  Lcipsic  pharmacy.  In  July,  1849,  Dr.  H.  F.  Davis  opened  a 
pharmacy  in  the  same  city  and  at  the  same  time  conducted  a  free  dispensary 
for  cholera  patients.  He  sold  out  to  Dr.  Parks  in  the  summer  of  185 1.  In 
the  Cincinnati  "  Jouinal  of  Homoeopathy  "  he  advertises  that  "  having  bought 
Dr.  Davis'  pliarmac}'  and  entirely  resigned  out-door  practice  will  prepare 
prescriptions  at  the  pharmacy.  "  This  pliarmacy  was  sold  in  1863  to  G.  W. 
Smith  and  A.  F.  Wortb.ington.  who  dissolved  partnership  in  1873.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1892,  Boericke  &  Tafel  bought  out  Mr.  Worthington.  Dr.  S.  Bailey 
opened  a  small  pharmacy  in  Toledo  in  1865,  and  Dr,  G.  WolflF  conducted  a 
pharmacy  at  Zanes\ille  in  1886.  A  Mr.  Hernig  had  a  pharmacy  at  Wheeling 
at  one  time,  and  T.  L.  A.  Greve  had  one  in  Cincinnati. 

William  Fiskc  conducted  a  homoeopathic  drug  store  in  Cleveland  about 
1850,  and  later  took  John  Hall  as  partner.  On  January  i.  1853.  Mr.  Fiske 
left  the  firm  and  Mr.  Hall  continued  the  business  for  a  time  and  was  then 
succeeded  by  his  son,  John  B.  Hall.  In  1865  he  sold  out  to  Drs.  D.  H.  Beck- 
with and  N.  Schneider.  On  January  i.  1867.  Dr.  T.  1'.  Wilson  entered  the 
firm.  In  1866,  Dr.  Beckwith  bought  the  pharmacy,  taking  as  partner  Mr. 
L.  II.  Witte,  who  in  1869  bought  out  Dr.  Beckwith  and  became  sole  pro- 
prietor. ■ 

In  1851.  Drs.  B.  Ehrmann.  Adam  Miller  and  G.  W.  Bigler  established 
"  The  Cincinnati  Journal  of  HonKeojxathy."  It  was  issued  by  the  Society  of 
Hom(EO|;.athic  Physicians  in  Cincinnati. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Ohio  previous  to  i860.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  i)ractice  of  homceopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school:  the  character  x  indicates  that  physician  practiced  medicine  before  the 
date  given. 

184^  Adams,  R.  E.  W.     Cleveland  1857  Bauer,  Ad..  Jr.  x     Cincinnati 

1857  .\ppleby.  Dr.  x     Dayton  1847  Barker,  G.  W.     Cleveland 

1858  .Arnott.   :\Irs.  C.     .\mherst  1857  Bartow.   .\.   C.  x     Lancaster 
1840  Bauer,  Adolph     Cincinnati  1845  Bartlett,  B.  H.     Cleveland 


186 

i857 
185 1 
1857 
1857 


1851 
1853 

1850 
1857 
1848 

1857 
1848 
1850 
i8s8 
1851 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1849 

1857 
1844 

1857 

185 1 
1835 
1857 
185 1 
1836 
1852 
1857 
1853 
1859 
1857 
1845 
1846 

1854 
1854 
1846 
1848 
1857 
1859 
1857 
1861 


1857 
1850 

1845 
1840 

1833 
1857 
184S 
1865 
1852 
1857 
1857 
1 840 
i860 


HISTORY  OF  HOMa:OPATHY 


I 


Barber,  Dr.  x     Zanesville 

Barnes,  George  W.     Mount  Vernon 

Barnes,  L.  x     Delaware 

Barry.  Mrs.  E.  H.  x     Cleveland 

Beach,  S.  A. 

Beeman,  J. 

Beckwith,  David  H.     Cleveland 

Beckwith,  Ephriam  C.     Cleveland 

Beckwith,  I.  B.     Norwalk 

Beckwith,  Seth  R.     Cleveland 

Beck,   W.  X     Cincinnati 

Bigler,  George  W.     Cincinnati 

Bigelow,  F.  X    Toledo 

Bissell,  Arthur  F.     Toledo 

Blair,  Alonzo  O.  x     Columbus 

Blair,  Giles  S.  *     Galion 

Blair,  George  H.     Columbus 

Blakeney,  J.  T.  x     Somerset 

Bliss,  A.  A.  X     Columbus 

Bottsford,  O.  K.  x     Wellsville 

Bosler,  Jacob  x     Dayton 

Boyle,  Dr.  x     Dayton 

Brainard,  Jehu     Cleveland 

Brush,  A.  X     Cincinnati 

Burritt,  Alexander  H.     Burton 

Bush,  R.  B.  X     Cadily 

Bryce.  Dr. 

Cain,  William     Ravenna 

Caspari,  Edward     Ravenna 

Chase,  H.  H.  x     Painesville 

Coman,  Isaac  W.     Jefferson 

Cope,  Dr.     Plymouth 

Cook.  Helen 

Coburn,  S.  H.  x     Adrian 

Coulter,  James    H.  x     Columbus 

Cushiui?.  Charles  F.     Cleveland 

Connolly.  P.  J.  x     Massillon 

Cowlcs,  E.  W.     Cleveland 

Crosby,  Dr.  x    Akron 

Cropper.  Charles     Cincinnati 

Cuscaden,  T.  W.     Lebanon 

Davis,  Frederick  A.  W.  *     Cincinnati 

Davis,  H.  F.     Cincinnati 

Davis.  H.  J.  X     Cincinnati 

Davis.  John     Greenfield 

Dawayer.   A.   I.  x     Norwalk 

Detweiler.  Wm.  M.  River  Styks  P.  O. 

Dennis,  J.  W. 

De  Silver 

Diller.  J.  M.  x     Ashland 

Drake,   S.  L.  x     Cleveland 

Dodge.  Lewis     Adrian 

Ehrmann,   Benjamin   F.     Chillicothe 

Ehrmann.   I.  *     Cincinnati 

Edson.  Mrs.  S.  A.  x     Cleveland 

Fall.  John  C.  *     Springfield 

Ferris.  O.  *     LTpper  Sandusky 

Flowers.   F.   L.  *     New  Lexington 

Fuller.  Dr.  x     Fairfield 

Fulton,  S.  J.  X     Toledo 

Garrettson,    Jesse     Cincinnati 

Garrettson,  Jos.  x     Cincinnati 


1849  Gatchell,  Horatio  P.  *     Cleveland 

1S54  Gaylord,  Edward  P.     Toledo 

'X47  Gilman,  John     Cleveland 

857  Gilson,  E.  D.  X    Ohio  City 

851  Gray,  W.  W.  x     Cleveland 

853  Goff,  Philip  H.     Geneva 

857  Goodrich,   W.   B.  x    Hiram 

842  Gorgas,  Charles  R.  *    Wooster 
857  Gross,  E.  F.  x     Marion 

857  Harris,  Dr.  x     Mansfield 

857  Hawk,  J.  A.  x    West  Lebanon 

863  Hamisfar,  C.  H.  *     St.  Marys 

Herrick,  C.  B. 

857  Hering,  H.  x     Steubenville 

848  Hill,   Benjamin   L.  *     Berlin  Hts. 
853  Hill,   George   L.     Berlinville 

851  Hollingsworth.  Z.     Oregon 

852  Holcombe,  William  H.  *     Cincinnati 

841  Hoyt,  Daniel  O.  *     Cleveland 
857  Howells,     X    Urbana 

849  Hunt,  James  G.     Cincinnati 
Hussey,  C.  St.  C. 

8s7  Johnson,  J.  M.  x     Cleveland 
Kinsell,  D.  R. 

850  Keys.  D.  C.  x  Oberlin 
857  Koch,  W.  x  Zanesville 
857  Kissey,  J.  x     Oregon 

i^^7  Kramer,  D.  T.  x     Sandusky 

8s2  Kyle.  Dr. 

Leech,  J.  W. 

857  Leach,  William  C.  x    Xenia 

857  Linton,  J.  G.  x     Hamburgh 

852  Macy,  Benjamin  C.  *     Elyria 

Ss^  Massey,  Isaiah  B.  *     Sandusky 

S48  Manter,  N.  H.     Elyria 

849  Miller,  Adam  *     Cincinnati 

852  Miller,    Thomas  *     Cleveland 

850  Myers,  Jacob     x     Ashland 

843  Morrill,  Alpheus    *     Akron 
857  Nicss,  J.  X     Canton 

857  Northrup,  D.  W.  x     Sherman 

842  Oesterlin,  Charles  *     Findlay 

849  Owens,  William  *     Cincinnati 

853  Parks,  John  M.  x     Cincinnati 

868  Peckham,    George   F.  *     Rawsonville 

850  Pearson,  Clement    Wellsville 

851  Pearson,  William  x     Dayton 
851  Prentiss.  A.  N.     Jefferson 
849  Peck.  William     Cincinnati 

845  Plymouth.  A.  H.     Painsville 

846  Podzoe.  Father     Somerset 
846  Price.  William  x     Cincinnati 

Prowell,  Dr. 

860  Pritchard,  J.   A.  *     Eaton 

840  Pulte,  Joseph  H.     Cincinnati 

848  Pretsch.  Curt     Wellsville 
Reynolds, 

849  Rheiwinkle.  F.  H.     Chillicothe 
851  Ring.  Hamilton     Urbana 

845  Richmond.   R.   W.     Charlton 

843  Rodgers.  George  B.  *     Chagrin  Falls 
84T  Rosa,  Storm     Painesville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1S7 


1849  Rosa.  Lemuel  K. 

1854  Rush,  Robert  B.     Springfield 
1846  Saal,  Gerhard     Springfield 

1855  Sanders.  John  Chapin     Cleveland 
1857  Sapp,    G.    W.  X    Tiffin 

1857  Sachse,  H.  S.  x     Chillicothe 

1843  Schlagel,     Amherst 

T857  Sceale,  Dr.  x     Cincinnati 

1857  Schueler,   G.  x     Cleveland 

1857  Schell,  D.  x     Canton 

1849  Shepherd,   Alfred     Springdale 

1845  Shepherd,  David  *     Bainbridge 

1857  Smith,  H.  L.  X     Mount  Vernon 

1857  Smith,  E.  W.  X     Higginsport 

1844  Snow    Ralph  A.     Cleveland 

1853  Sook,  Henry  L.  *     Pomeroy 

1854  Spangler,  R.  W.     Chillicothe 
Stanley,  Nelson 

1851  Starr,  Calvin     Springfield 

1857  Steemm,  C.  W.  x     Piqua 

1845  Stevens,  D.     Windsor 
1839  Strum,  William     Cincinnati 
1857  Stockton,  C.  L.  x     Painesville 
1857  Straw.  J.  X     Cincinnati 

1857  Stohl,  F.  X     Ganges 

Stokes,  Dr. 

1857  Storm,  I.  W.  X     Cincinnati 

1857  Storm,  George  x 


857  Sturges,  J.  J.  X     Cleveland 

857  Sweeney,  E.  I.  x     Nelson 

857  Swany,   I.  x     Charlton 

857  Teller,  E.  R.  x     Newark 

857  Thompson,  W.  x     Solon 

852  Tifft,  John     Norwalk 

853  Townsend,  Enoch  W.  *     Warren 
857  Turrell,  G.  x     Cleveland 

857  Turrell,  G.  Y.  x     Cleveland 

855  Vail,  George  W.  *     Arlington 

857  Watson,  J.  x     Lexington 

853  Wakeman,  John  A.*     Portsmouth 

853  Webster,   William  *     Middletown 
857  Werner,   J.  x     Canton 

845  Wheeler,  John  *  Cleveland 
857  Wheelan,  G.  x  Columbiana 
857  Wheat,  J.  N.  x    Oberlin 

857  Whitney,  Sullivan  x     Cleveland 

854  White,  Cornelius  C.     Marion 
847  Whipple.   A.     Dry  Ridge 

852  Witherill,  Edwin  C.     Cincinnati 

857  Wilson,  Thomas  P.     Lanesville 

840  Williams,    Charles    D.  *     Cleveland 

855  Wilmot,  Silas  G.  *    Rawsonville 

846  Wigand,  Henry    Ravenna 
857  Wolfard,  H.  L.  x    Wooster 
857  Wooley,  P.  H.  X    Newburgh 
857  Worley,  H.  P.  x     Cleveland 


1S8  ITISTORV  or  llo.Mfy.Oi'ATHV 


CHAPTER  X 

HOMCEOrATHY    IX     LOUISIANA. 
By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Condition  of  iMcdicine  in  Louisiana  in  Martin's  Time — The  Southern  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Association — Charity  Homoeopathic  Hospital — Dr.  Joseph  Martin,  the  Pio- 
neer Homoeopath  in  Louisiana — Taft,  the  Second  Practitioner — Romini'^oenoe-^  of 
Other  Early  Homoeopathic   Practitioners. 

Authentic  historical  accounts  state  that  homoeopathy  first  found  lodgment 
in  Louisiana  in  1836,  in  which  year  the  system  was  also  introduced  in  the 
states  of  Ohio  and  Alaryland.  The  people  of  the  far  south  took  kindly  to  the 
new  doctrine,  and  welcomed  its  pioneers  with  the  warm  impulses  of  their  na-  _ 
tures ;  and  while  the  allopathic  school  refused  to  countenance  the  disciples  of 
Ilahnemann,  they  did  not  carry  their  opposition  to  the  extreme  length  of  bit- 
terness with  which  they  greeted  the  homoeopaths  in  many  of  the  states  farther 
north. 

The  story  of  the  planting  and  subsequent  growth  of  homoeopathy  in  Louis- 
iana is  not  wholly  unlike  that  of  other  states,  yet  for  some,  reason  not  easy 
of  explanation  the  'school  never  acquired  great  or  even  proportionate  strength 
in  the  region  under  consideration,  and  this  despite  the  fact  that  the  physical 
afflictions  of  mankind  in  the  south,  the  peculiar  maladies  with  which  the 
southerners  have  been  periodically  visited,  yield  more  readily  to  homoeopathic 
treatment  than  to  that  of  the  old  school.  This  has  been  proven  time  and  again. 
The  people,  too,  always  have  been  ready  to  welcome  the  general  outspreading 
of  homcjeopathy,  but  the  young  practitioners  fresh  from  the  college  have  set 
their  faces  in  another  direction,  choosing  the  more  densely  populated  states 
and  the  large  commercial  centers  as  the  field  of  professional  activity.  In  1878, 
twenty-five  years  after  Martin,  the  former  French  ship  surgeon,  first  treated 
in  New  Orleans  with  the  little  doses,  there  were  only  seventeen  homoeopathic 
practitioners  in  the .  state,  and  ten  years  later  the  number  had  decreased  to 
eight.  In  1904  there  were  twenty-six  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state, 
twelve  in  New  Orleans  and  fourteen  in  the  sparsely  settled  parishes  outside 
of  that  city. 


THE    SOUTHERX     HOMOEOI'ATI  tlC     MEDICAL     ASSOCIATIOX. 

In  1880  the  less  than  twenty  homoeopathic  practitioners  of  the  state  met  in 
the  city  of  New  Orleans  and  organized  a  medical  association  under  the  name 
of  Hahnemann  Medical  Association  of  Louisiana.  This  body  soon  became 
decadent  and  was  succeeded  in  1885  by  the  Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Association.  The  latter  society  has  enjoyed  a  continuous  existence  to. the 
present  time,  although  a  re-organization  was  affected  in  1890.  The  annual 
meeting  is  held  in  Xcw  Orleans  in  January,  with  bi-monthly  meetings  for 
ordinary  purposes  in  the  same  city.  The  membersbiii  in  1903  was  twenty- 
two  physicians. 

Societe   Hahnemannienne    De    La    Novelle    Orleans    was    oro^anized    some- 


I 


HISTORY  OF  H()M(i:()|'A'rHV  189. 

time  between   1858  and   i860.     It  published  a  monthly  paper  called  "■  l/llo- 
moion,"  which,  like  the  society  itself,  was  soon  discontinued. 

The  Charity  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  New  Orleans  was  founded  in 
1892  by  the  homoeopathic  profession  and  its  friends  in  the  city,  and  was 
the  direct  outgrowth  of  a  refusal  of  certain  hospital  authorities  to  permit 
homeopathic  treatment  of  a  patient  in  that  institution.  The  incident  hap- 
pened in  1891,  and  the  new  hospital  was  established  in  March  of  the  next 
year.  It  was  a  worthy  enterprise,  founded  for  an  equally  commendable  pur- 
pose, yet  its  life  was  short,  due  to  a  want  of  proper  interest  in  its  affairs, 
hence  its  "  passing  "  was  only  a  natural  consequence. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Louisiana  about  the  same  time  as  in 
Ohio.  Dr.  Joseph  Martin,  a  physician  connected  with  the  h'rench  navy,  vis- 
ited New  Orleans  and  became  enamoured  of  that  brilliant  city.  Returning  to 
France,  he  was  converted  by  Dr.  Tournier,  who  practiced  homteopathy  in 
Lyons  as  early  as  1834.  Martin  returned  to  America  and  located  in  New 
Orleans  in  1836.  Dr.  Holcombe  says  Martin  was  the  first  man  who  practiced 
homoeopathy  in  the  southern  states,  and  that  he  practiced  in  New  ( )rlcans 
until  his  death,  m  1861.  The  next  pioneer  was  a  layman  named  Formel,  who 
had  been  an  old  soldier  of  the  "  Empire  "  and  who  practiced  with  great  zeal. 

The  French  and  American  people  were  at  that  time  entirely  separated 
from  each  other,  and  the  American  residents  knew  but  little  of  the  ]<"rench 
practitioners.  The  first  homoeopathic  physician  who  established  a  practice 
among  the  Americans  was  Dr.  Robert  Glass,  of  Hopkinsville,  Ky.,  who  from 
1840  to  1844  spent  the  winters  in  New  Orleans  and  practiced  the  system  of 
Hahnemann.  About  the  same  time  two  German  physicians,  Drs.  Kiefer  and 
Luyties,  were  for  a  short  time  in  practice. 

In  1845,  Dr.  Gustavus  M.  Taft,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  went  south.  He 
was  born  in  Dedham,  Mass.,  December  7,  1820;  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Josiah 
F.  Flagg,  of  Boston;  graduated  at  the  University  of  New  York  in  1842,  and 
be^an  practice  in  Hartford,  being  the  second  practitioner  of  houKTeopathy  in 
that  city.  His  health  failed  and  he  went  to  New  Orleans  in  November,  1845. 
Dr.  Holcombe  says  he  was  an  elegant  and  accomplished  gentleman,  a  thor- 
oughly educated  physician,  and  to  fascinating  address  he  added  the  charm  of 
fine  personal  appearance.  He  acquired  an  immense  business,  and  hi^s  sudden 
death,  .August  10,  1847,  was  regarded  as  a  public  calamity.  Dr.  Taft  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  American   Institute  of  Homoeopathy. 

Another  (jf  the  earlv  homceopathists  was  Dr.  Alexander  Hamilton  Rur- 
ritt,  who  went  to  New  Orleans  in  July,  1854,  and  of  whom  further  mention 
is  made  in  the  history  of  earlv  homoeopathy  in  Ohio.  Another  noteworthy, 
practitioner  was  Dr.  L.  V.  M.  Taxil,  who  had  been  an  allopathic  i^rofessor  in 
France.  He  located  in  New  Orleans  previous  to  1857,  and  in  1859  estab- 
lished a  French  monthlv  journal,  "  LTIomoion,  "  an  organ  of  Hahnemannian 
doctrine.  While  attending  professional  duties  Dr.  Taxil  was  severely  injured, 
having  been  run  over  bv  a  street  car,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died.  .\ug- 
ust  6',  1864,  aged  sixty-eight  years.  Dr.  Taxil  received  his  medical  degree 
from  the  Western  Homoeopthic  College  in   1858. 

Another  of  the  FY-ench  homceopathists  was  Dr.  Louis  Caboche,  who  set- 
tled in  New  Orleans  about  1856.  He  also  published  a  paper,  "  Le  I'raclicien 
Homoeopathique",  a  monthly  commenced  in  1857  and  continued  one  year.     In 


lt>0  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

1861  he  edited  "  L'Homoion,  "  which  was  the  organ  of  the  Societe  Hahne- 
mannienne  of  New  Orleans.  He  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  November,  1863. 
aged  seventy-two  years. 

Alexis  Leon  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  April,  181 5.  After  practicing 
a  few  years  in  that  city  he  removed  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained  twelve 
years.  He  was  practicing  homoeopathy  previous  to  185 1.  He  went  to  New 
Orleans  about  1844  and  left  there  in  1856  for  New  York,  where  he  established 
himself  in  practice.  Under  the  direction  of  Dr.  E.  E.  Marcy,  he  gave  him- 
self treatment  and  greatly  recovered  his  health.  During  the  summer  of  1866, 
the  fear  of  cholera  in  New  York  caused  the  physicians  to  be  overworked  and 
Dr.  Leon  was  affected.  In  August  he  was  taken  ill  and  died  at  Long  Branch, 
N.  J.,  September  2,  1866.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy 
in  1846. 

Dr.  J.  Vail  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  New  Orleans  as  early  as  1853. 
In  a  letter  he  said:  "We  had  in  1853  and  1854  five  homoeopathic  physicians 
in  full  practice;  this  year  (1855)  we  have  four  more.  For  the  three  years  the 
yellow  fever  prevailed  here  our  loss  has  been  six  per  cent.  " 

The  homoeopathic  pioneer  in  Mobile  was  Dr.  James  Gridley  Belden,  who 
was  born  in  Moscow,  N.  Y.,  September  12.,  1822.  He  took  a  course  at  Har- 
vard Medical  School,  studied  a  year  with  Dr.  Winslow  Lewis,  of  Boston, 
two  years  with  Dr.  Taft,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  graduated  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  in  March,  1846.  The  same  year  he 
went  to  Mobile.  Alabama,  remained  there  a  year  and  then  located  in  New 
Orleans.  His  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  by  seeing  its  good  results 
in  the  cases  of  friends,  and  making  a  study  of  it,  he  soon  became  convinced  of 
its  truth  and  openly  adopted  it  in  practice.  In  1852  he  married  Arabella 
Trent,  of  Bufifalo.  N.  Y.     He  died  July  6.  1896.  at  New  Orleans. 

In  1855  Dr.  Richard  Angeli  went  to  New  Orleans  to  take  charge,  in  con- 
junction with  his  son.  of  the  Orphans'  Home.  He  bought  out  Dr.  Luyties' 
pharmacy  the  same  year.  He  was  born  in  London,  England,  March  16,  1804. 
After  a  year  devoted  to  the  study  of  pharmacy  he  attended  the  Middlesex 
Hospital,  then  under  the  supervision  of  his  uncle,  Thomas  Chevalier,  surgeon 
to  George  IV.  Afterward  he  came  to  America,  locating  in  Washington,  D. 
C.  where  he  studied  medicine  with  Drs.  Sewall  and  Mc Williams  of  Columbia 
Medical  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  March.  1826,  having  held  for 
three  years  previouslv  the  position  of  pharmaceutist  and  house  surgeon  in 
the  Corporation  Asylum  and  Hospital.  He  engaged  in  country  practice  in 
Mississippi  until  1843,  Avhen  he  went  to  Louisville.  Ky.  While  there  he  be- 
came a  homocopathist  and  adopted  it  in  his  practice.  His  wife's  ill  health 
com[)ellcd  a  return  to  the  south  in  1847.  and  he  practiced  in  Huntsville,  Ala., 
until  1855,  when  failing  health  unfitted  him  for  active  work.  He  then  went 
to  New  Orleans  and  died  there  June  10,  1879,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years. 

Dr.  Samuel  Minter  Angeli  was  the  son  of  Richard  Angeli.  and  was  born 
in  Jefferson  county.  Miss..  August  2.  1833.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  his  father  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  Cincinnati 
Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in  1854-55.  The  next  year  took  a  course  at  the 
Medical  School  of  Louisiana  (Tulane  University).  In  1856-57  he  attended 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  in 
1857.  and  he  also  graduated  from  an  allopathic  collesfe  at  Louisville.  Ky.  He 
settled  in  New  Orleans  in  practice  with  his  father  in  1858,  and  the  partnership 
lasted   for  twenty  years   until   the   father's  death.      During  the   yellow   fever 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


191 


epidemic  of  1878,  Dr.  Angell  became  well  known  for  his  successful  treat- 
ment. He  died  in  New  Orleans,  October  5,  1895,  leaving  a  widow,  two 
daughters  and  two  sons. 

Dr.  Adolphe  Cartier,  an  old  school  practitioner  of  New  Orleans,  became  a 
convert  to  homoeopathy  about  1845.  In  Sniith's  "  Homoeopathic  Directory  " 
for  1857  the  names  of  A.  Cartier,  F.  Cartier,  Dr.  Bailey,  L.  A.  Bianchini,'F. 
W.  Ferris  and  J.  Mathieu  are  given  as  practicing  homoeopathy  in  New  Or- 
leans. Dr.  D.  S.  Oliphant  was  practicing  in  New  Orleans  in  1857.  An  in- 
teresting letter  from  hnn  may  be  found  in  the  "  Family  Journal  of  Homoeo- 
pathy" for  October,  1854,  regarding  the  yellow  fever  in  Mississippi  in  1853. 
At  that  time  Dr.  Oliphant   was  living  in  Natchez.     He  says:    "During  the 


\Vm,  H.  llolcombe,  M.  D. 

height  of  the  epidemic  1  remained  at  Natchez  assisting  in  attendance  on  the 
more  critical  cases  of  yellow  fever  occurring  in  homoeopathic  families.  For 
several  vears  I  had  abandoned  medical  practice  on  account  of  feeble  health; 
and  had  not  the  urgency  of  the  case  impelled  me,  I  should  have  remained  an 
indilterent  spectator  of  the  struggle  between  the  several  schools  of  medicine. 
But  the  calls  of  my  friends  for  aid  at  this  trying  crisis  forced  me  to  active 
duty ;  and  gratitude  to  Dr.  Davis  for  his  kind  attention  to  me  personally  dur- 
ing a  relapse  of  yellow  fever,  mduced  me  to  give  him  all  the  aid  I  could  as 
nurse  and  assistant  in  his  cases.  "  Tn  the  midst  of  this  duty  Dr.  Oliphant  was 
called  to  Jefferson  county,  thirty-six  miles  distant,  where  the  epidemic  was  so 
severe  that  the  planters  had  banded  together  for  mutual  aid.  The  few  homoeo- 
pathic families  living  there  preferred  that  treatment,  and  it  was  their  appli- 
cation to  Drs.  Davis  and  Holcombe  that  induced  Dr.  Oliphant  to  go  there. 


iri2  llISTom'  Ml-    11()M(T.(^1\\TI1V 


WM.     11.     IIOI.COMBI-:,     M.    D. 


Tlic  one  man  whoso  name  always  will  be  associated  with  the  growth  of 
homoeopathy  in  the  south,  the  Hering  of  southern  homoeopathy,  is  William 
Henry  Holcombe,  physician,  author,  poet,  humanitarian.  He  was  born  in 
Lynchburg,  \'a.,  May  29,  1825.  His  grandfather  was  Colonel  Philemon 
Holcombe,  w^ho  ran  away  from  Hampden  College  and  enlisted  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  revolutionary  war.  serving  through  it.  He  was  an  officer  in 
Harry  Lee's  famous  regiment  and  acted  as  aide-de-camp  to  General  LaFay- 
ctte  at  the  seige  of  Yorktown. 

Dr.  Holcombe's  father  was  Dr.  William  J.  Holcombe,  a  successful  physi- 
cian of  Madison,  Ind.,  with  whom  the  young  man  studied  medicine.  He  at- 
tended one  year  at  Washington  College,  \'a.,  and  had  just  prepared  to  enter 
the  junior  class  at  Yale  College  when  his  jDarents  liberated  their  negroes 
and  removed  to  Madison.  He  took  a  scientific  course  in  Washington 
College,  Lexington.  \'a.,  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1845-47,  and  graduated  there  in  the  latter 
year.  After  practicing  three  years  with  his  father  in  Madison,  he 
went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  from  1850  to  1852.  A\'hile 
there  he  became  a  convert  to  the  teachings  of  Swedenborg,  and  also  to  homoeo- 
pathy. He  practiced  in  Natchez,  Miss.,  from  1852  to  1855  and  then  he  re- 
moved to  Waterproof,  La.  In  1864  he  went  to  New  Orleans  and  lived  in  that 
city  until  his  death,  excepting  a  short  time  spent  in  Cincinnati  in  1886.  In 
1852  he  married  Rebecca  Palmer,  of  Cincinnati,  who  was  interested  in  medi- 
cine and  was  seen  in  the  doctor's  office  nearlv  as  frequently  as  himself.  He 
was  a  voluminous  writer  both  of  medical  articles  and  books.  He  also  published 
several  volumes  of  poems  and  one  novel.  His  first  pamphlet,  "  The  Scientific 
Basis  of  Homoeopathy,  "  was  issued  in  1851,  and  was  of  great  value  in  mak- 
ing converts  to  the  new  medical  system.  The  manuscript  of  his  last  book, 
"  The  Truth  About  Homoeopathy,  "  was  found  in  his  desk  after  his  death.  In 
1853,  during  the  yellow  fever  epidemic.  Dr.  Holcombe  and  Dr.  F.  A.  \\'.  Davis 
were  appointed  physicians  to  the  AEississippi  State  Hospital,  and  although 
powerful  efforts  were  made  in  the  legislature  to  expel  them  from  office  the 
committee  which  investigated  the  matter  reported  favorably  and  they  were 
retained. 

Dr.  Holcombe  became  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeo- 
pathy in  i860,  and  also  was  a  member  of  various  other  medical  societies.  His 
books  on  non-medical  subjects  were  "  Our  Children  in  Heaven,  "  "  The  Sexes 
Here  and  Hereafter,  "  "  In  Both  Worlds.  "  "  The  Other  Life,  ''  and  a  work 
of  poetry  called  "  Southern  Voices.  "  Dr.  Holcombe  died  November  28,  1893. 

Another  of  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathv  in  Louisiana  was  Dr.  James  D. 
Bratt,  son  of  Edward  Rratt,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  a  graduate  in  1852  of  the 
Homan])athic  Medical  College  of  Penns\  Ivania.     He  died  September  22,  1855. 

In  the  directory  of  1857  appear  the  names  of  Dr.  Booth,  at  Newell's 
Ridge ;  Dr.  Couel,  at  Catahoola  Parish  ;  Dr.  L.  H.  Dorsay,  at  Kirk's  Ferry ; 
Dr.  (iab,  at  Carrollton ;  Dr.  Postlethwaite,  at  Carroll  Parish  ;  Dr.  L:  Stempel. 
at  Star,  and  Dr.  Wirz,  at  Milliken  Bend,  but  no  data  are  obtainable  of  them. 

In  1853  Dr.  Luyties  established  a  homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  New  Or- 
leans, and  in  185^  sold  out  to  Dr.  Richard  Angell.  In  1856  Drs.  Leon  and 
Burritt  estalilished  a  nhnrmacv  in  New  Orleans  and  carried  on  business  fo"  a 
short   time.      Dr.    de    V'ilUiKi've    kejit    a    small   pharmacy   in    the   city    for   six 


HISTORY  OF  HOM(EOPATHY 


1!i:J 


months.  About  i860  Dr.  J.  A.  D'Hemiconrt  o])ene(l  a  pharmacy,  which  was 
closed  in  1875,  after  his  death.  Jn  Xovember.  1877,  Doericke  &  Tafel  estab- 
lished a  branch  pharmac\-  in  the  city  and  placetl  it  under  the  charge  of 
Mr.  T.  Engelbach.  who  on  IMarch  i,  1884.  bought  and  has  since  continued  it. 

A  French  society  was  formed  in  Xew  Orleans  in  1858,  and  was  con- 
tinued for  a  short  time.  The  Xew  Orleans  Relief  Association  was  continued 
during  the  yellow  fever  e])idemic  of  1878.  It  furnished  food,  nurses  and 
homoeopathic  medicines  to  the  sick.  The  Hahnemann  Medical  Association  of 
Louisiana  was  organized  in  1880.  but  was  discontinued  in  1885. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Louisiana  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  >ear  ihe  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoeo- 
pathy.- The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school:  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1844 
1857 
1857 
1846 
1857 
1857 
1852 
1840 

1857 
1850 
i8^o 
1856 
1857 
1857 
i860 
i860 
1857 


Angell,  Richard  *     New  Orleans  1858 

Angell.  Samuel  M.     New  Orleans  1857 

Baile}',  Walter  *     New  Orleans  1840 

Belden,  James  G.  *     New  Orleans  1*^52 

Rianchini,  L.  A.  x     New  Orleans  (840 

Booth.   Dr.  X     Newells  Ridge  r-'46 

Bratt.  James  D.     Waterproof  1853 
Burritt,  Alexander  H.     New  Orleans       '   57 

Biirritt,  ^Irs.  x     New  Orleans  •  '36 

Cartier,  Adolphe  *       New  Orleans  ■   1,7 

Cartier.    F.     New   Orleans  1S57 

Caboche,  L.     New  Orleans  '   37 

Couel.  Dr.  x     Catahoola   Parish  ''"'.•4 

Dorsey,   L.  H.  x     Kirks   Ferry  '"8 

D'Hemiconrt.  J.  A.     New  Orleans  ?   ,'/ 

Delcroix,  P.     New  Orleans  !    '7 
Ferris,   F.   W.  x     New   Orleans 


Formel,  Dr.     New  Orleans 
Gab,  Dr.  x     Carrollton 
Glass,  Robert     New  Orleans 
Holcombe,  William  H.    *  New  Orleans 
Kiefer,  Dr.     New  Orleans 
Leon.  Alexis     New  Orleans 
Luyties,  Dr.     New   Orlean> 
Mathieu,  J.  x     New  Orleans 
Martin,  Joseph     New  Orleans 
Oliphant,   D.  S.  x     New  Orleans 
Postlethwaite  x     Carroll    Parish 
Stempel,  L.  x     Star  P.  O. 
i  aft.  Gustavus  M.     New  Orleans 
Taxil,  L.  V.  M.     New  Orleans 
Vail,  J.  x     New     Orleans 
Wirz,    11.   X      Millikcn    Bond. 


11)4  HISTORY  OF  TIOMCEOPATHY 


f 


CHATTKR  XI 

HOMOEOPATH V    IX    MARYLAND. 

By  Thomas  Lindslej^  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  Maryland  Hoinreopathic  State  Medical  Society— Other  Societies— Felix  R.  Mc- 
Manus.  the  Pioneer — His  Life  and  Experiences — Schmidt,  the  Prussian  Convert — 
Haynel,  the  German,  and  Busch,  the  Saxon — Cyriax,  Hardy  and  Geiger — List  of 
Early  Practitioners. 

The  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Maryland  was  a  najive  of  the  state  and, 
withal,  a  physician  of  excellent  ability,  perfectly  conscientious,  and  of  suffi- 
cient determination  of  character  to  withstand  the  opposition  of  the  forces  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirur,^ical  Faculty,  as  the  organized  allopathic  profession 
in  the  state  always  has  been  known. 

Dr.  Shower's  historv  of  the  Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  and 
Hospital  of  Baltimore  in  another  chapter  of  this  work  gives  an  interesting 
account  of  early  homceopathv  in  Baltimore,  and  also  presents  a  faithful  nar- 
rative of  the  conditions  existing  in  the  state  when  the  first  homoeopaths  en- 
tered the  field.  In  1875  there  were  fifty-seven  homoeopathic  practitioners  in 
Maryland,  thirty-five  of  whom  were  in  Baltimore. 

THE    MARYLAND    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

The  society  of  the  name  above  given  dates  its  history  from  the  year 
1887.  and  was  the  outgrowth  of  the  Medical  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  estab- 
lished in  1882,  while  the  latter  was  the  direct  successor  of  the  still  older  Mary- 
land Homoeopathic  Society  of  Baltimore  City,  which  was  incorporated  in  1875, 
and  was  a  state  society  notwithstandmg  the  local  character  implied  by  its 
name.  The  society  last  mentioned  was  organized  in  Baltimore  on  December 
16,  1875,  at  which  time  a  constitution  was  adopted,  and  officers  were  elected  as 
follows:  Dr.  Elias  C.  Price  of  Baltimore,  president;  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Pomeroy 
and  Dr.  H.  R.  Fetterhofif,  both  of  Baltimore,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  H.  A.  Un- 
derwood of  Baltimore,  secretary;  Dr.  Jacob  Schmidt  of  Baltimore,  treasurer; 
Dr.  J.  B.  Crane  of  Bel  Air.  George  Fechtig  of  Flagerstown  and  Dr.  A.  A. 
Roth  of  Frederick,  censors.  The  society  held  annual  meetings  with  fair  reg- 
ularity until  1882,  and  was  then  dissolved.  On  November  15  of  the  same 
year  a  meeting  of  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  state  was  held  in  Baltimore 
and  organized  the  Maryland  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  with  these  officers: 
Dr.  Elias  C.  Price  of  Baltimore,  president;  Dr.  George  T.  Shower  of  Balti- 
more, vice-president;  Dr.  O.  Edward  Janney  of  Baltimore,  secretary  and 
treasurer ;  Dr.  Eldridge  C.  Price  of  Baltimore,  historian ;  Drs.  Flora  A.  Brew- 
ster, A.  R.  Barrett  and  William  B.  Turner,  censors.  This  society  met  semi- 
annually in  Baltimore  and  continued  its  existence  until  April  11.  1887,  when 
it  adjourned  sine  die.  It  was  immediately  succeeded-  bv  the  present  society, 
which  dates  its  history  from  the  dav  mentioned.  The  first  officers  were  Dr. 
Joseph  Lloyd  Martin,  president;  Drs.  N.  W.  Kneass  and  Thomas  E.   Sears, 


k 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


195 


vice-presidents;  Dr.  Irving  Miller,  secretary;  Dr'.  T^iomas  Shearer,  treasurer; 
Drs.  N.  W.  ^lark,  E.  S.  Conlyn  and  H.  Wilbur,  cengors-:^Tliis  sc^ietv  has 
maintained  an  active  and  useful  existence  to  the  present  time,'^ind  numb^efs 
about  seventy-five  members. 

The  Baltimore  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  Baltimore 
September  24,  1874,  and  was  continued  until  1883,  when  it  was  dissolved. 

The  Medical  Investigation  Club  of  Baltimore  was  organized  November 
5,  1881,  with  five  members,  for  the  especial  purpose  of  promoting  the  investi- 
gation of  medical  and  scientific  subjects,  and  social  intercourse  of  those  who 
united  with  it.  In  this  respect  the  club  had  fulfilled  an  important  mission  in 
the  homoeopathic  professional  life  of  Baltimore  and  generally  has  been  the 


Thomas  Shearer,  M.  D. 


means  of  accomplishing  much  good.  Its  methods  arc  wholly  democratic  and 
its  meetings  are  occasions  of  social  enjoyment. 

The  Homoeopathic  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland  and  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia was  organized  October  i,  1890,  a  union  of  the  Homoeopathic  Society 
of  Maryland  and  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, 

The  Maryland  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Baltimore  was  opened  October 
9,  1890.  Its  history  is  sufficiently  mentioned  in  connection  with  that  of  the 
college  of  which  it  forms  a  part. 


19(3  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


KliMINISCENCES. 


'Dr.  1-eiix  d.  Mc.Manus,  lo  whom  is  accorded  the  honor  of  having  first 
carried  the  gospel  of  Hahnemann  to  the  Marylanders,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
May  30,  1807.  He  ^vas  educated  chiefly  at  Georgetown  University,  and  later 
was  a  student  :n  medicine  at  the  Baltimore  Infirmary.  He  took  his  degree 
in  medicine  at  the  University  of  Maryland  in  April,  1829,  and  began  practice 
in  Baltnnore  in  that  year,  but  in  1837  the  (to  him)  unaccountable  loss  of  a 
patient  so  disturbed  his  mind  m  regard  to  the  settled  rule  of  practice  of  that 
school  that  he  instinctively  turned  hi  another  direction  in  the  hope  of  arriving 
at  some  satisfactory  conclusion  respecting  the  evident  mistakes  of  that  school's 
methods,  and  at  the  same  time  to  provide  himself  with  more  rational  and  sane 
means  of  cure.  It  was  then  that  his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  by 
one  of  the  Catholic  clergy ;  he  was  led  to  investigate,  and  investigation  brought 
him  into  a  new  light  in  the  world  of  medicine. 

"  I  claim  the  honor  of  having  been  the  first  physician  of  Maryland  who 
attempted  such  investigation.  "  said  Dr.  McManus  in  writing  the  story  of 
homoeopathy  in  his  native  state.  And  again  he  says :  "  Homoeopathy  here,  as 
W'ell  as  elsewhere,  had  a  '  hard  road  to  travel,'  as,  in  all  other  places,  nothing 
but  its  success  could  vindicate  its  adoption ;  and  now  it  enjoys  a  proud  and  en- 
viable position." 

This  most  worth.y  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  lived  to  good  old  age,  and  died 
in  his  native  city  March  3,  1885.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Hc^mcEopathy,  and  for  manv  years  was  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the 
assemblages  of  his  professional  brethren.  The  story  of  his  early  experiences 
always  found  willing  listeners,  and  he  was  looked  upon  as  the  father  of  his 
school  in  Maryland  as  long  as  he  lived.  At  a  meeting  of  the  institute  held  at 
[Milwaukee  in  1880  he  narrated  the  history  of  his  early  practice  and  of  his 
conversion  to  homceopathy.  and  the  published  accounts  of  his  story  have  been 
drawn  upon  to  illustrate  in  this  chapter  something  of  the  life  of  the  practi- 
tioner of  Hahnemann's  doctrine  during  the  second  quarter  of  the  last  century. 

Dr.  McManus  frequently  ex})ressed  regret  that  there  was  so  little  organ- 
ization among  his  professional  brethren  in  Maryland,  and  in  one  of  his  public 
addresses  he  announced  that  the  state  was  without  either  college  or  hospital 
and  that  no  homceopathic  publication  was  issued  from  within  its  borders. 
I  he  worthy  old  veteran  live'd,  however,  to  participate  in  the  organization  of  a 
flourishing  state  society  and  to  witness  the  establishment  of  others ;  and  had 
he  lived  five  more  years  his  desire  to  witness  the  establishment  of  a  college 
of  liomoeopathic  medical  learning  would  have  been  gratified,  for  in  1890  th.-; 
Southern  Homcropathic  Medical  College  and  Hospital  was  founded  and 
entered  upon  its  useful  career.  This  institution,  however,  is  made  the  subject 
of  more  extended  mention  in  another  department  of  this  work. 

Dr.  ]^IcManus  frequently  narrated  the  story  of  his  conversion  to  homoe- 
opathy. He  secured  Hering's  "  Domestic  P^hysician,  "  with  thirty  or  forty 
remedies,  and  bought  a  box  containing  one  hundred  and  seventeen  remedies, 
prepared,  as  he  supposed,  in  Leipsic.  He  mentioned  several  cures  with  the 
thirtieth  potencies,  of  which  he  once  spoke  as  follows:  "  I  saw  an  announce- 
ment in  a  paper  of  a  homceopathic  physician  bv  the  name  of  Radcliffe.  and 
at  that  time  I  had  a  very  singular  case,  and  I  did  not  know  what  to  do  with 
it.  It  was  a  case  that  I  defined  to  be  neuralgia,  rheumatic  pain  or  rheuma- 
tism.    The  neuralgia  was  intermittent  neuralgia.     The  ladv  was  nineteen  vears 


HISTORY  OF  1I().M(K()PATHY  197 

of  age,  very  sensitive  in  her  organization  and  in  her  nervous  system.  Every 
day  at  two  o'elock  after  an  intermission  of  six  weeks,  she  was  taken  with  what 
she  called  a  needle  pain.  She  felt  as  if  a  needle  were  stuck  into  her  heart, 
and  that  was  immediately  followed  by  a  convulsion  which  lasted  from  thirty 
minutes  to  two  or  three  hours.  I  commenced  the  treatment  on  the  tonic  plan ; 
I  commenced  with  sulphate  of  qumine.  Still  the  pain  came  on  at  two  o'clock. 
1  gave  the  medicine  faithfully  for  two  or  three  days  but  it  had  no  result. 
Then  I  resorted  to  a  preparation  of  arnica  flowers  and  a  solution.  Finally  I 
anticipated  the  paroxysm  by  sinapisms  anteriorly  and  posteriorly.  These 
were  applied  to  the  heart.  I  thought  by  the  time  we  began  to  irritate  the  sur- 
face it  would  produce  some  effect ;  this  was  counter  irritation.  I  thought 
by  this  plan  I  might  break  up  the  paroxysms.  I  did  not  know  what  to  do. 
I  saw  this  advertisement  and  said.  I  do  not  know  Dr.  Radcliffe ;  nobody  can 
tell  me  who  he  is ;  I  will  go  and  see  him.  I  went  and  told  him  the  object  of 
my  visit.  I  asked  him  if  he  had  ever  treated  such  a  case.  He  said,  'No.' 
He  was  a  very  intelligent  man  and  very  agreeable  in  his  presence,  bearing  and 
conversation.  He  listened  to  my  story  patiently  and  after  hearing  me  said, 
*  Doctor,  I  think  a  dose  of  spigelia  the  thirtieth  will  cure  that  case."  '  One 
dose  of  spigelia,'  said  I,  'a-Ou  do  not  mean  the  ^Maryland  pink  root?'  'Yes,' 
he  replied,  '  I  will  give  you  a  dose.'  It  was  then  ^en  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
'  What  will  I  do  with  it?  '  said  I.  His  reply  was:  '  You  put  this  powder  on 
the  tongue  of  the  patient.'  I  saw  him  pour  out  the  pellets  in  a  little  sugar  of 
milk.  I  had  the  curiosity  to  take  up  the  bottle ;  it  bore  the  mark,  '  Spigelia. 
30.'  I  left  the  house  and  thought  to  myself  that  man  must  be  a  fool,  and 
yet  he  told  it  to  me  with  that  kind  of  assurance  that  would  baffle  suspicion.  I 
thought,  if  this  dose  of  spigelia  will  cure  her.  I  will  try  it.  I  went  to  see  the 
young  lady  about  ten  o'clock  and  I  put  the  powder  of  spigelia  on  the  end 
of  her  tongue.  I  thought  to  myself  it  was  a  real  piece  of  folly,  but  I  told  her 
I  would  come  again  in  the  afternoon.  I  was  very  busy,  but  told  her  I  would 
go  to  the  house  about  five  o'clock.  Now  you  must  recollect  that  this  patient 
had  not  missed  a  paroxysm  for  six  weeks.  Her  mother  met  me  at  the  door. 
She  was  standing  "on  the  portico  and  she  raised  her  hand  and  said:  'Mary 
missed  her  pain  to-day.' 

"  'Missed  her  pain.     Had  she  any  spasm?'     'Not  at  all,  come  in.' 

"  I  went  in.  The  girl  was  sitting  up.  The  first  thing  I  did  was  to  feel 
her  pulse.  '  Well,  Mary,  how  do  you  feel-? '  She  answered,  '  I  feel  better  than 
I  have  for  a  long  time.  I  think  it  is  because  I  missed  this  pain.'  'Had  you 
no  svmptom  of  it?'  '  No, '  she  said,  '  I  never  had  any* premonition  at  all,  until 
it  came  like  a  needle  sticking  in  mv  heart.  But  to-day  I  had  nothing  of  it.' 
I  looked  at  the  girl  and  I  looked  at  myself.  What  conclusion  could  I  come  to? 
It  must  be  the  'efifect  of  the  spigelia.  I  waited  v/ithout  seeing  Dr.  Radchfife 
until  the  morrow,  and  at  five  o'clock  I  went  to  see  the  gir.l,  who  felt  remark- 
ably well.  That  ni.?ht  I  went  to  see  the  doctor.^  '  Well.  '  he  said.  '  did  that 
powder  have  anv  effect  upon  that  young  woman  ?' 

■•  I  said.  'Really  I  do  not  know  how  to  answer  that  (luestion.  I  called  at 
four  or  five  in  tlie' afterno'-)n  and  the  girl  had  neither  pain,  spasm  nor  con- 
vulsion, and  I  called'to  see  her  this  afternoon  and  she  had  neither  the  one  nor 
the  other.' 

'•  •  Well.  sir.  vou  told  me  that  if  I  would  cure  that  crfse — and  1  have  cured 
it  with  one  dose  of  medicine— that  vou  would  believe  in  homoeoijathv.'  '  Well. 
do<:tor.  if  I  tell  vou  that  I  believe,  you  will  say  that  1   am  a  very  visionary 


198  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

man.  How  could  one  dose  cure  that  girl  after  I  had  done  so  much?  How 
could  one  dose  do  it?*  He  replied,  'the  dose  of  spigelia  that  I  gave  was 
what  the  girl's  case  required,  and  what  you  did  amounted  to  nothing.'  " 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Dr.  McManus  rightfully  laid  claim  to 
pioneership  in  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Maryland,  his  honor  in  that 
respect  must  be  shared  with  Rev.  Jacob  Geiger,  a  Maryland  pastor  of  German 
extraction  and  Pennsylvania  parentage  and  birth,  who  had  frequently  been 
brought  under  the  beneficent  teachmgs  of  Allentown  Academy  and  thus  ac- 
quired a  fair  understanding  of  the  principles  of  Hahnemann's  school  of  medi- 
cine. In  1836,  contemporary  with  Dr.  McManus,  Rev.  Geiger  took  up  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  connection  with  the  pastoral  charge  of  his  flock,  and 
continued  both  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1848.  This  allusion  to  Pastor 
Geiger's  medical  endeavors  is  important  when  it  is  mentioned  that  nine  of  his 
descendants  were  graduates  of  homoeopathic  colleges  and  practitioners  of 
medicine. 

In  this  connection  also  it  may  be  stated  that  Dr.  Shower's  history  of  the 
Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  and  Hospital  credits  one  Dr.  Schwartz 
with  being  the  first  regular  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  city  of  Baltimore, 
and  1837  as  the  year  of  his  beginning  practice.  However,  he  stayed  in  the 
city  only  one  vear.  Much  that  is  interesting  in  relation  to  early  homoeopathy 
in  Maryland  may  be  found  in  Dr.  Shower's  narrative. 

Dr.  Jacob  Schmidt  located  in  Baltimore  in  1843.  He  was  born  in  Kreutz- 
nach,  Prussia,  June  29,  1813.  He  was  educated  in  the  government  gymna- 
sium, and  at  nineteen  entered  the  engineer  corps.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
time  of  service,  and  after  an  examination,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
officer  in  the  reserve  corps  of  the  Prussian  army.  In  1836  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  where  he  found  employment  in  the  department  of  coast  survey. 
Prostrated  bv  illness  in  Philadelphia,  he  was  attended  by  Dr.  F.  Hussmann, 
assistant  to  Hering,  and  by  him  was  persuaded  to  abandon  his  profession  and 
study  medicine.  He  was  received  into  the  Hering  household,  where  for  three 
years  he  studied,  at  the  same  time  attending  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1843  he  received  the  degree  of  the  Allentown  Academy. 
The  next  year  he  assisted  in  organizing  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 
opathy. About  this  time  he  married  a  sister-in-law  of  Dr.  Hering,  Johanna 
Hussmann,  and  being  invited  bv  Dr.  Haynel,  he  went  to  Baltimore,  where 
he  established  a  practice  and  where  he  resided  until  his  death  March  20,  1880, 
aged  67  years.  In  1867  he  received  the  degree  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania. 

Another  of  the  Baltimore  pioneers  was  Dr.  Adolph  Ferdinand  Haynel. 
He  had  been  a  personal  student  of  Hahnemann's.  Speaking  of  the  journey 
of  Hahnemann  from  Leipsic  to  Coethen,  Hartmann  says :  'T  was  not  with 
them,  having  left  Leipsic.  Hahnemann  took  two  of  his  pupils  with  him, 
Dr.  Haynel  and  Dr.  Mossdorf.  Haynel  led  the  life  of  a  true  nomad;  was  at 
Berlin  at  the  first  invasion  of  the  cholera ;  then  at  Merseberg ;  finally  visited 
me  in  1830  in  Leipsic,  where  he  provided  himself  with  a  large  stock  of  homoe- 
opathic medicines  with  the  intention  of  going  to  North  America."  Dr.  Haynel 
died  at  Dresden,  August  28,  1877,  aged  81.  He  was  an  inmate  of  Hahne- 
mann's family  for  more  than  ten  years,  and  proved  a  number  of  remedies  for 
him.  About  1835  he  came  to  America,  and  resided  first  in  Reading.  Pa., 
then  in  Philadelphia.  In  1843  he  lived  in  New  York  and  still  later  at  Balti- 
more, from  whence  he  returned  to  Europe  several  years  previous  to  his  death. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATliV  199 

Grey  sa)s  that  Haynel  established  himself  in  Baltimore  as  a  homoeopathist  as 
early  as  1838. 

Dr.  Lewis  Busch  was  born  in  Gotha,  Saxony,  in  1808,  and  practiced  allo- 
pathy there  from  1829  to  1831,  and  homceopathy  from  1833  to  1836.  He  then 
left  Germany,  came  to  America,  and  landed  at  Baltimore.  He  practiced  there 
a  short  time  and  then  he  went  to  Adams  county.  Pa.  He  was  located  at 
Hollidaysburg  as  early  as  1842,  remained  there  until  1859.  He  went  to  Hunt- 
ington county,  and  from  thence  to  Altoona. 

Dr.  E.  C.  Bernard  Cyriax  was  born  in  Gotha,  Germany,  August  11,  1820. 
He  graduated  in  medicine  in  1837,  at  Gotha,  and  went  to  America  in  1843, 
locating  in  Baltimore.  Here  he  was  led  to  examine  homoeopathy,  and  finally 
to  accept  it;  after  1846  he  practiced  it  openly.  In  1847  he  went  west,  locat- 
ing in  Springfield,  111.  He  practiced  with  Dr.  F.  Kuechler,  the  firm  being 
the  pioneers  of  homceopathy  in  that  locality.  In  December,  1848,  he  returned 
to  Baltimore,  where  he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  again  went  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  Atlanta,  Logan  county.     In  1861  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Dr.  James  E.  Hardy  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  October  31,  1842.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  returned  to  America,  and  in  1868- 
69  attended  lectures  at  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  from 
which  he  graduated.    He  then  returned  to  Baltimore  to  practice. 

Rev.  Jacob  Geiger  introduced  homoeopathy  -in  Carroll  county  in  1836, 
and  Dr.  Radclifife  introduced  it  in  Washington  county  in  1841. 

The  first  hom.oeopathic  pharmacy  in  Baltimore  was  opened  by  John 
Tanner  in  1850.  Dr.  Tanner  in  connection  with  his  pharmacy  also  practiced 
medicine.  He  had  been  cured  by  homoeopathy  when  a  young  man  after  the 
allopaths  had  given  him  up.  He  went  to  Leipsic  in  1840,  establishing  a 
homoeopathic  pharmacy  there.  Ten  years  later  he  went  to  Baltimore.  He 
sold  to  Dr.  Amelia  A..  Hastings,  a  woman  graduate,  and  in  April,  1865,  she 
sold  to  Dr.  Elias  C.  Price.  He  kept  the  establishment  two  and  a  half  years, 
then  selling  to  Dr.  Boone,  who  in  turn  sold  to  Dr.  F.  E.  Boericke  in  1868.  In 
T869  the  proprietors  were  Boericke  &  Tafel,  who  have  since  continued  the 
business. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Maryland  previoiis  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 

1857  Arnold,    Dr.  x     Baltimore  1853  Lungren,    Samuel    S.  *    Hagerstown 

1857  Buckner,    Dr.  x     Baltimore  1846  Martin,    Joseph    L.     Baltimore 

1833  Busch,    Louis  *     Baltimore  1836  McManus,  Felix  R.  *     Baltimore 

1846  Cyriax,   E.   C.   Bernard  *    Baltimore  1856  McManus,  F.   S.    Baltimore 

1861  Doran,   Charles   R.  *    Hagerstown  184S  Middleton,    John    D.    Baltimore 

Dysen,    R.     Nanjemoy  1857  Miller,   Dr.     Baltimore 

1835  Ehrmann,    Francis     Hagerstown  1850  Rayborg,    C.    H.     Baltimore 
1840  Ehrmann,    Frederick     Baltimore  1841  Radclifife,    Dr.     Washington    Co. 

1836  Geiger,    Jacob    (Rev.)     Cumberland  1852  Randel,   John    Massey    Randelia 
1854  Geiger,   Theodore    S.     Manchester  1839  Schmidt,   Jacob    Baltimore 
1851  Geiger,    Charles    A.     Manchester  1838  Tanner,    John     Baltimore 

1851     Hammond,    Milton  *     Baltimore  1857    Welner,    M.  x    Baltimore 

1820    Haynel,    Adolph    F.     Baltimore  1857    Wisman    A.  x     Fredericktown 

1857    Howe,   Dr.  x    Baltimore  1857    Worman,    A.    D.  x    Fredericktown 


200  HISTORY'   OF   H(l^[a^O^ATHY 


CHAPTER    XII 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    CONNECTICUT. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  First  Prescriber  of  Homoeopathic  Doses  in  Connecticut — Early  Planting  and 
Subsequent  Growth  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  State — Societies  and  Hospitals — The  Tay- 
lors, Father  and  Son — New  Milford  First  to  have  a  Homoeopathic  Physician — The 
Tafts  in  Hartford — John  Schue — Introduction  of  the  New  System  in  the  Counties — 
Pioneers,  Early  Practitioners  and  Reminiscences — List  of  Old  Practitioners. 

The  doctrine  of  homoeopatliv  first  gained  a  foothold  in  Connecticut  in 
1837.  when  Ur.  Federal  Vanderburgh  on  a  social  visit  to  New  ^lilford  was 
called  to  professionally  attend  the  wife  of  an  old  school  physician.  This  was 
the  beginning-  of  the  new  system  in  the  region  under  consideration,  and  the 
immediate  results  of  X'anderburgh's  treatment  was  the  recovery  of  his  patient 
and  tlie  conversion  of  her  husband  to  the  teachings  and  practice  of  Hahne- 
mann, which  previous  to  that  time  he  had  ridiculed.  As  evidence  of  the  sub- 
sequent growth  of  the  homoeopathic  system  in  the  state  it  may  be  said  that 
in  1857,  twenty  years  after  Vanderburgh's  missionary  effort  there,  forty-two 
physicians  of  that  school  were  in  practice.  In  1870  the  number  had  increased 
to  sixty-three,  in  1875  to  eighty-four,  in  1882  to  one  hundred  and  nineteen, 
and  in  1904  to  one  hundred  and  fifty-three ;  and  to-day  there  is  no  county 
and  hardly  a  single  town  that  has  not  at  least  one  homoeopathic  physician. 
And  this  is  not  all ;  in  less  than  fifteen  years  after  \'anderburgh's  first  cure, 
the  hardly  more  than  two  score  homoeopathic  practitioners  took  steps  to  organ- 
ize their  forces  for  mutual  protection  and  advantage  and  proceeded  to  form 
a  state  medical  society. 

CONNECTICUT    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC     MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

The  first  society  of  homceopathic  physicians  in  Connecticut  was  formed 
in  Hartford.  November  17,  1851.  and  was  known  as  the  Connecticut  Institute 
of  1  lomoeop,ath\-.  At  this  meeting  seven  pioneers  of  the  new  system  were 
hi  attendance.  Thev  were  Drs.  leremiah  T.  Dennison.  of  Fairfield;  \V.  W. 
Rodman,  of  Waterbury;  W.  C.  Bell,  of  Middletown;  C.  H.  Skiff  and  E.  T. 
F'oote,  of  New  Haven ;  and  C.  A.  Taft  and  George  S.  Greene,  of  Hartford. 
Dr.  Dennison  was  elected  president,  Dr.  Rodman  vice-president.  Dr.  Greene 
secretary,  and  Dr.  Skiff'  treasurer.  At  the  same  time  the  constitution  and  1).\- 
laws  were  presented  and  adopted.  At  a  meeting  held  June  10,  1864,  a  reor- 
ganization was  effected,  and  the  society  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of 
Connecticut  Homaopathic  Medical  Society.  A  new  constitution  was  adopted 
in  1880.  Since  1891  the  annual  transactions  have  been  published,  as  also  have 
several  of  the  important  addresses  by  presidents.  On  November  18-19,  1901, 
the  society  celebrated  its  semi-centennial  at  Hartford.  Addresses  were  made 
by  distinguished  physicians  of  various  states,  and  the  occasion  was  otliervvise 
enlivened  with  social  entertainments.  In  1904  the  membership  of  the  society 
numbcre<l  otie  hundred  and  five. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHV  201 

The  New  Haven  Homceopalhic  Medical  Society  was  organized  Febru- 
ary 24,  1887,  at  the  residence  of  Di.  C.  B.  Adams  in  the  city  of  New  Haven. 
The  society  is  not  incorporated. 

Grace  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  New  Ffaven  was  incorporated 
June  21,  1889,  and  at  once  became  an  active  organization  in  promoting  the 
interests  of  the  homoeopathic  profession  in  Connecticut. 

Grace  Homoeo])athic  Hospital  at  Hartford,  the  first  institution  of  its  kind 
in  the  state,  originated  in  a  movement  started  in  1888  and  consummated  in 
the  formal  opening  which  took  place  in  September,  1892.  The  hospital  asso- 
ciation was  incorporated  by  the  legislature  in  1888,  and  the  state  appropri- 
ated $20,000  for  the  benefit  of  the  hospital  on  condition  that  a  like  sum  be 
raised  by  subscription.  This  was  accomplished,  and  with  the  fund  thus  created 
the  trustees  purchased  the  old  Mallory  property  on  West  Chapel  street.  The 
building  was  arranged  for  its  new  occupancy,  and  was  furnished  through  the 
agency  of  the  women's  hospital  board,  the  society  of  the  King's  Sons  and 
Daughters  and  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society.  The  hospital  property  is  valued  at 
$100,000.  The  institution  is  supported  by  state  aid,  pay  patients  and  volun- 
tary contributions.     The  training  school  for  nurses  was  established  in  1895. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  first  homoeopathic  prescription  in  Connecticut 
was  made  by  Dr.  Federal  Vanderburgh.  In  1837  Dr.  George  Taylor's  wife 
was  threatened  with  consumption,  and  her  husband  and  other  physicians  had 
prescribed  remedies  wdthout  relief.  About  that  time  Vanderburgh,  an  old 
friend  of  Dr.  Taylor's,  visited  New  Milford,  and  learning  of  the  sickness  of 
Mrs.  Taylor,  proposed  prescribing  honueopathically  for  her.  Dr.  Taylor,  an 
allopath,  at  last  consented  to  this,  and  contrary  to  his  expectation,  his  wife  im- 
proved and  eventually  was  restored  to  liealth.  Dr.  Taylor  then  began  to 
investigate  homoeopathy  and  to  test  it  until  about  1839  ^^  1840,  when  he  be- 
came a  convert  to  its  practice.  He  was  born  in  New  Milford  in  1802,  and 
graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  Yale  College  in  1824,  at  once 
beginning  practice  in  his  native  town.  When  his  allopathic  friends  realized 
that  he  was  practicing  the  new  medical  system,  he  was  dismissed  from  the 
medical  society  and  further  consultations  with  him  were  refused.  He  was 
the  first  homoeopathic  physician  in  Connecticut,  and  practiced  for  many  years 
in  New  Milford. 

Charles  Taylor,  the  son  of  George  Taylor,  graduated  at  Geneva  Medical 
Colkge  and  in  1852  practiced  with  his  father  at  New  Milford.  He  repre- 
sented his  town  in  the  general  assembly  four  years  and  held  other  offices.  He 
died  July  4,  1890. 

Hartford  was  the  second  town  in  Connecticut  in  which  homoeopathy  was 
introduced.  In  1842  Dr.  Gustavus  M.  Taft  located  there.  Fie  was  born  in 
Dedham,  Mass.,  December  7,  1820,  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Josiah  Flagg  of 
Boston,  and  later  with  Drs.  Hull  and  Gray  of  New  York,  He  graduated  at 
the  Universitv  of  New  York  in  1842.  and  at  once  began  to  practice  in  Hart- 
ford. His  health  failed  and  he  went  south,  locating  in  New  Orleans  in  Novem- 
ber, 1845.  He  died  of  yellow  fever  August  10,  1847,  aged  twenty-seven 
years. 

Dr.  Cincinnatus  A.  Taft,  brother  of  Gustavus  M.  Taft,  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York  in  1846,  and  settled  in 
Hartford  the  same  year.  He  had  studied  with  his  brothers  and  was  the  third 
homoeopathic  physician  to  locate  in  Hartford  and  the  seventh  in  the  state.  He 
became  one  of  the  leaduifr  r.hvsicians  of  Connecticut.     He  <lieil  June  26,  1884. 


202  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Dr.  John  Schue,  the  next  of  the  Hartford  pioneers,  was  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, born  in  1815,  and  came  to  New  York  in  1839.  He  entered  the  office  of 
Drs.  Hull  and  Gray  to  learn  English  and  study  homoeopathy.  He  graduated 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  1842,  practiced  in  New  York 
until  1844,  then  went  to  Hartford  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Gus- 
tavus  M.  Taft.  He  remained  there  m  practice  until  his  death,  September  25, 
1856.  Pie  joined  the  institute  in  1846.  Dr.  Schue  lost  his  wife  in  1855, 
which  so  depressed  him  that  he  himself  died  soon  afterward. 

Dr.  Gardner  S.  Browne  commenced  to  practice  in  Hartford  about  1867, 
and  died  there  December  29,  1876.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
New  York.  Dr.  George  Starr  Green  graduated  at  the  University  of  New 
York  in  1848.  He  became  partner  with  Dr.  A.  Cook  Hull  in  Brooklyn,  where 
he  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1849.  He  removed  to  Hartford, 
January  i,  1851.  Dr.  Harvey  Cole  came  from  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  located 
in  Hartford  in  1S68.  Dr.  James  D.  Johnson  opened  an  office  in  Hartford  in 
1869.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College.  Drs.  Irving 
M.  Lyon  and  S.  Giles  Tucker  were  in  practice  there  in  1870.  Dr.  M.  P.  Hay- 
ward,  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  also 
practiced  in  Hartford  for  a  short  time,  going  thence  to  Ohio.  In  1856  Dr. 
H.  T.  Brownell  and  Russell  Caulkins  were  located  in  Hartford.  In  1857,  there 
were  six  homoeopathic  physicians  m  the  city;  in  1870,  seven;  in  1882,  eleven, 
and  in  1904,  nineteen. 

Dr.  Edward  Wilberforce  Kellogg  was  born  at  Avon,  Conn.,  November 
29,  1840,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  went  to  Philadelphia  to  attend  school. 
He  returned  home  in  a  few  years  and  entered  the  high  school  at  Collins- 
ville,  from  which  he  graduated.  At  this  time  he  had  no  thought  of  medicine, 
but  was  devoting  his  attention  to  musical  study.  Early  during  the  war  of 
1861-65,  he  enlisted,  and  while  awaiting  orders  near  New  London,  he  was 
offered  a  position  as  hospital  steward  at  Fort  Trumbull.  Dr.  Isaac  G.  Por- 
ter was  surgeon  at  this  hospital  and  young  Kellogg  was  associated  with  him. 
for  three  years  as  assistant  and  pupil.  He  was  honorably  discharged  in 
November,  1865,  ^^^  then  entered  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  but 
after  a  year  matriculated  at  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1867.  He  located  at  Danbury,  remained  there  one  year 
and  then  went  to  Southington,  where  he  practiced  until  1871.  In  May,  1871, 
he  removed  to  Hartford.  On  March  7,  1867,  he  married  Hilah  A.  Dart  of 
New  London.  In  1857  there  were  in  Hartford,  Drs.  Gardner  S.  Browne,  F. 
Brownell,  H.  T.  Brownell,  Russell  Caulkins,  George  S.  Green  and  Cincin- 
natus  A.  Taft. 

The  pioneer  homoeopath  in  New  Haven  and  the  fourth  physician  of  that 
school  in  the  state,  was  Dr.  Charles  H.  Skiff,  who  was  born  at  Spencertown, 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1808,  and  graduated  at  the  Berkshire  Medi- 
cal School,  September  5,  1832.  He  married  Rachel  McKinstry  of  Livingston, 
N.  Y.,  October  17,  1833.  "He  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Spencer- 
town in  1840,  and  removed  to  Albany  in  1842.  He  went  to  New  Haven  in 
1843  and  remained  there  until  his  death,  December  11,  1875. 

Dr.  Daniel  W.  Northrup  was  the  fourth  homoeopath  in  the  state,  having 
begun  practice  at  Sherman,  Fairfield  county,  in  1843.  Dr.  Daniel  Holt,  an- 
other pioneer  in  New  Haven,  was  born  at  Hampton,  July  2,  1810.  He  was 
educated  at  Ashford  and  Amherst  academies  and  in  1831  entered  the  scien- 
tific department  of  Yale.     Later  on  he  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Hiram  Holt 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  203 

of  Pomfret,  and  graduated  from  the  Yale  Medical  School  in  1835.  He  located 
at  Glastonbury,  where  he  acquired  an  extensive  practice.  He  received  a 
prize  from  the  Connecticut  Medical  Society  for  an  essay  on  scarlatina,  and 
was  author  of  several  noteworthy  papers.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  to  prepare 
a  paper  for  the  state  medical  society.  Homoeopathy  soon  attracted  his  atten- 
tion and  he  employed  the  opportunity  to  demonstrate  its  absurdity.  After  care- 
ful study,  and  experimenting  with  its  remedies,  he  became  convinced  of  its 
truth,  and  then  published  his  essay  "  Views  of  Homoeopathy  or  Reasons  for 
Examining  and  Admitting  it  as  a  Principle  in  Medicine."  This  was  pub- 
lished in  New  Haven  in  1845.  During  this  year  he  went  to  New  Haven  and 
studied  homoeopathy  with  Dr.  Skiff,  and  afterward  practiced  it,  making  fre- 
quent trips  to  New  York  to  consult  with  Gray,  Hull,  Vanderburgh,  Joslin, 
Wells  and  others.  Because  of  his  change  in  faith  he  was  expelled  from  the 
New  Haven  Medical  Association,  but  afterward  three  of  his  prosecutors 
adopted  homoeopathy.    In  1845  Dr.  Holt  went  to  Lowell,  Mass. 

Dr.  Elial  Todd  Foote  Avas  born  in  Greenfield,  Mass.,  in  May,  1796.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Samuel  Guthrie  of  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  Chenango  County  Medical  Society  in  181 5.  He  went  to  Chau- 
tauqua county,  locating  in  what  was  afterward  Jamestown,  but  which  then  had 
no  name.  In  June,  1818,  he  was  chairman  of  a  meeting  of  physicians  of 
the  county  called  to  organize  the  Chautauqua  County  Medical  Society,  and 
was  the  first  president  of  that  body.  In  1827  he  became  a  permanent  member 
of  the  New  York  Medical  Society.  Before  he  left  New  York  Dr.  Foote  had 
become  interested  in  homoeopathy  as  practiced  by  Dr.  Alfred  W.  Gray,  brother 
of  Dr.  John  F.  Gray,  and  he  became  a  homoeopath  in  1840.  It  is  not  known 
just  when  he  located  in  New  Flaven.  He  became  a  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1850.  When  the  Connecticut  Homoeopathic  Med- 
ical Society  was  reorganized  in  1864  Dr.  Foote  delivered  the  inaugural  ad- 
dress, which  was  largely  historical  regarding  homoeopathy  in  the  state.  He 
died  at  New  Haven  November  17,  1877. 

Charles  Cheney  Foote,  son  of  Dr.  Elial  Foote,  was  born  in  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  September  6,  1825,  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1849,  read  medicine 
with  his  father,  and  in  1850  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  New  York.  He  also  attended  lectures  at  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  graduating  there  in  185 1.  He  began  to 
practice  in  New  Haven,  and  for  two  years  was  associated  with  his  father. 
He  died  November  9,  1871. 

Dr.  Paul  C.  Skiff  was  in  practice  in  New  Haven  in  1870.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale.  Dr.  Charles  W.  Skiff,  his  son,  graduated  from  the  New 
York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1861,  practiced  with  his  father  in 
Brooklyn,  and  returned  with  him  to  New  Haven  in  1862.  He  remained  but 
a  short  time  in  practice.  In  1861  Dr.  W.  W.  Rodman  located  in  New  Haven. 
In  1857  there  were  but  four  homoeopaths  in  that  city ;  in  1870,  six ;  in  1878, 
sixteen. 

Dr.  Oscar  Sceitz  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  New  London  in 
1845.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Otis  Harris  practiced  there  from  1854  to  1857,  when  he 
went  to  East  Haddam.  He  graduated  at  the  New  York  LTniversity  Medical 
College  in  1854  and  Avent  at  once  to  New  London,  remaining  until  1857.  when 
he  located  in  East  Haddam.     He  studied  homoeopathy  with  Dr.  J.  T.  Evans. 

In  1847  Dr.  Lucien  H.  Morton  opened  an  office  at  Bridgeport  and  was 
the  homoeopathic  pioneer  in  Fairfield  county.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Berk- 


2(14  HISTORY  OF  HOMCKOPATHY 

shire  Medical  College.  Dr.  Charles  Taylor  practiced  in  Bridgeport  for  one 
year  and  went  to  New  Alilford. 

Jn  1859  Dr.  Charles  E.  Santord  went  to  Bridgeport  from  Bristol.  He 
was  born  in  Xorth  Haven.  Ma\  31,  1830,  and  gradnated  from  Yale  Medical 
School  in  1853.  He  stndied  medicine  with  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  G.  A. 
Moodv  of  Plainville.  After  graduation  he  returned  to  Plainville,  entering  into 
partnership  with  his  preceptor  and  remained  there  two  years.  In  1855  1^*^ 
married  Anna  F.  Neale  and  about  that  time  entered  mercantile  pursuits  in 
New  York,  but  soon  returned  to  his  profession.  During  his  stay  in  New  York 
Dr.  Sanford  became  acquainted  with  homoeopathy  and  was  impelled  while 
living  with  an  old  friend  in  Brooklyn  to  investigate,  resulting  in  his  complete 
conversion  to  its  principles.  In  1870  Dr.  Sanford  wrote:  "My  present  ad- 
dress is  Bridge])ort,  where  I  have  resided  since  1859.  Previous  to  that  time 
1  practiced  medicine  in  Plainville  and  Bristol.  1  began  to  practice  homoe- 
opathy in  1858." 

Dr.  James  H.  Osborne  was  located  at  Bridgeport  in  1870.  He  gradu- 
ated from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  College  in  1867.  Dr.  Oliver  Brew- 
ster Taylor  graduated  at  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1842,  and  began  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1848  at  Dana,  IMass.  In  1849  ^^^  went  to  Man- 
chester, where  for  many  years  he  was  the  only  houKieopathic  physician. 

Dr.  William  Campbell  Bell  \vas  an  early  practitioner  at  Middletown.  He 
was  born  in  Chester,  Mass.,  September  6,  1806,  and  attended  school  at  Ches- 
ter and  Westfield  academies.  He  studied  medicine  in  Chester  under  Drs.  Hor- 
ace I'.allard  and  T.  K.  DeWolf,  and  afterward  with  Dr.  T.  Childs  at  Pitts- 
held.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  and  at  Pittsfield,  Mass., 
graduating  from  the  Berkshire  JNIedical  College  in  1833.  He  began  allopathic 
practice  at  Austerlitz,  N.  Y'.,  and  after  ten  years  adopted  the  homoeopathic 
system.  In  1850  he  located  at  Housatonic,  Mass.,  v'here  he  remained  six 
years,  then  he  removed  to  Middletown,  wdiere  he  remained  for  over  forty 
years.  In  1833  he  married  Charlotte  Maria  Boise,  of  Chester.  Dr.  Bell  re- 
tired from  practice  in  the  spring  of  1891  and  went  to  live  at  Blandford,  Mass.. 
where  he  died  October  12,  1894.  Drs.  G.  W.  Burroughs  and  G.  B.  Smith 
practiced  in  Middletown  for  a  time.  Dr.  Aaron  S.  Osborne  and  Julius  Gnod- 
inger  were  practicing  in  Middletown  in  1878. 

Dr.  George  Pitkin  Cooley  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Bristol  as  early 
as  1854.  He  was  born  in  Manchester,  November  28,  1830,  the  son  of  Dr. 
William  Cooley  of  Hartford  county.  In  1850  he  became  a  student  of  Dr. 
Gustavus  A.  Taft  of  Hartford,  attended  lectures  at  the  New  York  Homoe- 
oi)athic  Medical  College,  and  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Penn- 
•  sylvania  during  the  session  of  1853-54.  He  received  a  special  degree  from 
that  college  in  1862.  In  1854  he  entered  into  i)ractice  at  Bristol,  but  after 
four  years  removed  to  New  Britain,  where  he  located  permanently.  In  April, 
1865,  he  married  Lucy  A.  Peck  of  New  York. 

Dr.  James  H.  Austin  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Bristol  as  early  as  1850. 
He  was  born  in  Suffield.  Conn.,  in  1824.  began  the  study  of  medicine  when 
about  twenty  years  old,  and  graduated  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  College  in 
1847.  He  located  at  Bristol  in  1848,  and  for  ten  years  was  faithful  to  the 
medical  system  in  which  he  was  educated.  He  is  said  to  have  embraced 
homoeopathy  about  1858.  He  died  March  ly.  1873.  In  1870  Dr.  Edward  P. 
Woodward  was  in  practice  at  Bristol. 

Dr.   Asa   \\'.   Brown  located  at  Mvstic  Bridge,   New  London  countv,  in 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  l'<i5 

1855.  He  was  born  in  Sterling.  Windham  countv.  Conn.,  September  28.  18 13. 
studied  at  Brooklyn  Academy,  graduated  at  the  Western  College  of  HouKie- 
opathic  ^Medicine  in  1853.  practiced  two  years  at  Centreville.  R.  I.,  and  then 
settled  at  Mvstic  Bridge,  where  he  remained  until  1873,  when  he  removed 
to  Providence,  R.   I. 

Rev.  Moses  Hill  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Norwalk,  Fairfield  county, 
in  1855.  In  1870  Dr.  Mosman  was  the  only  homoeopath  in  Norwalk.  and  in 
1875,  Dexter  Hitchcock  and  Xathan  A.  Mosman  were  practicing  there.  In 
1882,  A.  H.  Baldwin,  G.  S.  Comstock  and  Dexter  Hitchcock  were  practicing 
in  that  city.  Dr.  Mosman  graduated  in  medicine  in  New  York  in  1861.  and 
soon  afterward  located  at  Norwalk.  In  1879  he  went  to  New  York  city. 
Dr.  Dexter  Hitchcock  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  in  1873,  settling  soon  afterward  in  Norwalk.  He  joined  the  institute 
in  1873.  He  has  for  manv  rears  been  referred  to  as  "Dr.  Hitchcock  of  Nor- 
walk." 

Dr.  William  E.  Bulkeley  w-as  for  many  years  associated  with  the  history 
of  homoeopathy  in  Danbury.  He  was  born  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  October  9, 
1796.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  went  to  West  Virginia,  taught  school,  and 
studied  medicine  with  a  prominent  physician  of  that  region.  Having  earned 
enough  money  to  pay  his  way  he  attended  medical  lectures  at  Yale  College. 
Dr.  Bulkeley  practiced  as  an  allopath  four  years  in  Berkshire  county.  ^Fass., 
and  twenty  years  m  Hillsdale,  Columbia,  county,  before  he  located  in  Dan- 
bury,  and  about  1853  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  joined  the 
American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1859.  ^^  remained  in  Danbury  until 
his  death,  June  14,  1870.  In  1870  his  son,  Dr.  J.  C.  Bulkeley,  was  associated 
in  practice  with  him. 

In  1857.  Dr.  R.  W.  Rockwell  was  practicing  in  Danbury.  In  1875  there 
were  in  practice  in  that  city,  Drs.  William  Bulkeley,  Rev.  D.  ^I.  Hodge  and 
Sophia  Penficld :  in  1882.  Drs.  Bulkeley.  S.  ■\I.  Griffin.  Sophia  Penfield  and 
O.  L.  Jenkins.  Dr.  Rockwell  went  to  Danbury  in  1856.  and  afterward  re- 
moved to  Brooklyn. 

Dr.  Henry  E.  Stone,  a  graduate  of  Castleton  Medical  College  in  1847, 
removed  from  Otego,  N.  Y.,  to  Fair  Haven,  New  Haven  county,  in  1857. 
He  was  born  in- Danbury,  July  20,  1820,  and  in  1840  his  family  went  to  Otega. 
N.  Y.  In  Otego,  Dr.  Solomon  (ireen.  a  leading  physician  of  the  place, 
became  interested  in  voung  Stone  and  induced  him  to^study  medicine.  Hav- 
ing graduated  at  Castleton.  he  commenced  practice  at  Otego  with  his  pre- 
ceptor. His  attention  was  directed  to  homoeopathy  by  Dr.  I.  S.  Iluctt.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  for  two  or  three  years  he  investigated  and  finally  embraced 
its  methods.  Remaining  in  Otego  until  the  spring  of  1856.  he  sold  his  prac- 
tice to  Dr.  Warren  and  located  in  Fair  Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  afterward 
resided,  and  where  he  <lied  January  27.  1886.  Dr.  Stone  married  Amanda 
Cunningham  of  Otego,  September  3.  1851. 

Dr.  Lester  Keep  had  been  practicing  homceopathy  in  I-"air  ilaven  j)rior 
to  1857.  He  was  )x)rn  in  Lee.  A  lass..  September  6,  1797.  was  educated  there, 
and  fitted  for  college  bv  Rev.  Alvan  Hyde.  In  the  fall  of  1821  he  entered  Will- 
iams College,  but  soon  afterward  financial  troubles  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  earn  his  wav.  until  in  his  junior  vear  when  certain  students,  he  among 
them,  were  caught  at  "college  pranks,"  and  were  suspended  for  three  weeks. 
He  then  abandoned  his  college  course  and  entered  the  office  of  Drs.  Child  'uid 
Batchelder,   of    J'ittsfield.   and    became   a   member   <A    the    Berkshire    Medical 


206  HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY 

Institution,  a  branch  of  Williams  College,  then  in  its  second  year.  There  he 
remained  three  years,  supporting  himself  by  services  to  the  college  and  assist- 
ing his  preceptors  who  were  of  the  faculty.  While  awaiting  the  means  to 
graduate  he  received  an  offer  of  assistance  from  Dr.  Luther  Ticknor,  of  Salis- 
bury, in  return  for  services  that  he  could  render  in  practice.  Dr.  John  Del- 
amater  being  called  to  the  chairs  of  anatomy  and  surgery  in  the  Medical  Col- 
lege at  Fairfield.  N.  Y.,  induced  Keep  to  go  with  him  as  demonstrator  and 
prosector.  At  this  school  he  graduated  in  1828.  For  a  year  afterward  he 
associated  with  Dr.  Jefferson  Church,  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  but  left  him  to 
attend  Dr.  Tully's  lectures  on  materia  medica  and  therapeutics  at  the  Yale 
Medical  School.  Dr.  Keep  settled  in  Fair  Haven,  and  while  his  practice  was 
growing  he  opened  a  pharmacy  and  maintained  it  in  connection  with  the  vil- 
lage postoffice  for  several  years.  Business  matters  occasionally  called  him  to 
New  York,  and  on  one  of  his  visits  there  met  an  old  friend,  Dr.  Ticknor,  who 
had  become  a  homoeopath,  and  through  whose  ministrations  Keep  himself 
was  induced  to  abandon  the  old  school  of  practice  for  that  founded  by  Hahne- 
mann. This  was  in  1839,  'it  which  time  Dr.  Keep  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Haven  County  Medical  Society,  the  New  Haven  City  Association  of  Physi- 
cians, and  a  fellow  of  the  Connecticut  State  Medical  Society.  He  sold  his 
drug  store,  resigned  from  the  societies,  and  announced  himself  a  homoeopath. 
He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1848.  He  continued  to 
practice  in  Fair  Haven  until  i860,  when  he  moved  to  Brooklyn.  In  1873  he 
suffered  an  attack  of  apoplectic  paralysis,  and  though  he  largely  recovered  from 
the  stroke,  he  did  not  aeain  return  to  active  practice.  He  died  August  20, 
1882.  Drs.  J.  Lester  Keep  and  S.  H.  Keep  are  sons  of  Dr.  Lester  Keep's 
second  marriage. 

Dr.  G.  Herrick  Wilson,  a  graduate  of  the  Berkshire  Medical  College  in 
1849,  after  practicing  in  North  Adams  and  Conway,  Mass.,  located  in  West 
Meridan.  Conn.,  in  1857.  In  1869,  Dr.  E.  C.  Newport,  a  graduate  in  1868 
of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  went  from  Holyoke,  Mass., 
to  West  Meriden.  About  the  same  time,  Dr.  L.  E.  Phelps,  from  Michigan, 
opened  an  office  there.  In  1882  Drs.  C.  J.  Mansfield,  E.  A.  Wilson  and  G. 
H.  Wilson  were  in  Meriden,  and  in  1857  Dr.  W.  N.  Dunham  was  located 
there. 

Dr.  Henry  Isham  introduced  homoeopathy  into  New  Britain  before  1857. 
He  died  in  1868,  and  in  the  next  year  Dr.  Charles  Vishno,  a  graduate  in  1866 
of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  located  there,  but  afterward 
went  to  Hartford.  In  1875,  Drs.  G.  P.  Cooley,  Leander  P.  Jones,  L.  M. 
Smith  and  J.  S.  Stone  were  located  in  New  Britain.  In  1882,  Drs.  Cooley, 
Goodrich,  Seymour  and  Stone  were  practicing  there. 

Dr.  William  Woodbridge  Rodman  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Water- 
bury,  tie  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn.,  in  April,  1817,  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1838.  and  entering  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  received  his 
degree  there  in  1844.  In  November  of  that  year  he  began  practice  in  Water- 
bury,  but  in  1848  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  by  careful 
study  and  practical  use  of  its  remedies,  and  adopted  it  in  his  practice.  He 
was  in  consequence  expelled  from  the  Connecticut  Medical  Society.  In  1861 
he  removed  to  New  Haven. 

Dr.  Elam  Clark  Knight  graduated  from  the  Berkshire  Medical  College 
in  1845,  ancl  located  at  Slatersville,  R.  I.  His  conversion  to  homoeopathy  and 
introduction   to  Waterbury    are  best  told  in  his   own   words    (1870):   "My 


II 


HISTORY  OF  HOMGEOPATHY  207 

attention  was  called  to  homoeopathic  practice  during  the  last  year  of  my  medi- 
cal studies  by  coming  in  contact  with  two  homoeopathic  students  in  the  same 
class  with  myself.  But  I  gave  no  serious  attention  to  the  subject  till  1852. 
About  this  time  the  old  school  medical  journals  were  constantly  ridiculing  the 
new  system  of  practice.  I  thought  to  myself  if  there  was  no  better  arguments 
against  homoeopathy  than  mean  ridicule,  and  silly  at  that,  there  must  be  some- 
thing in  it,  and  I  would  examine  for  myself.  Accordingly  I  applied  to  Dr. 
Amory  Gale,  then  of  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  and  asked  his  advice  and  assistance, 
which  he  readily  gave  by  lending  me  books  and  otherwise.  After  about  a 
year  of  study  and  experimental  practice,  I  removed  to  Middleborough,  Mass., 
early  in  1853.  There  I  was  the  first  one  to  locate  and  successfully  introduce 
homoeopathy.  There  I  found  a  few  families  who  had  been  treated  homoe- 
opathically  by  Dr.  J.  T.  Harris,  of  East  Bridgewater,  and  Dr.  Barrows,  of 
Taunton,  Mass.  They  formed  a  nucleus  around  which  I  soon  built  up  a  good 
practice. 

"  In  1857  having  a  little  more  of  the  western  fever  than  was  for  my  good, 
I  moved  to  Quincy,  111.,  but  not  finding  everything  to  my  satisfaction,  returned 
to  New  England  after  about  two  years  and  a  half.  In  i860  Dr.  W.  W.  Rod- 
man left  Waterbury  for  New  Haven,  and  the  June  following  I  took  his  place 
here,  where  I  still  remain.  I  was  alone  here  till  after  the  severe  injuries  I  re- 
ceived in  November,  1865.  In  1867  Dr.  Tripp  came  here  and  remained  a  little 
less  than  a  year.  He  was  followed  by  Dr.  H.  R.  Brown,  who  remained  some- 
thing over  two  years.  x\t  the  present  time  homoeopathy  is  represented  by 
myself  and  Dr.  Charles  Rodman."  Dr.  Knight  was  a  member  of  the  old  Mas- 
sachusetts Fraternity.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 
1867,     He  died  suddenly  at  Woodbury,  March  21,  1888. 

Dr.  Henry  R.  Brown,  a  graduate  in  1867  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College,  located  first  at  Waterbury,  but  soon  went  to  Leominster, 
Mass.  Dr.  Charles  Shepard  Rodman,  a  son  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Rodman,  located 
at  Waterbury  in  1869.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons.  He  was  still  there  in  1878,  but  in  1882  there  were  only  Drs.  E.  O. 
Gregory  and  George  P.  Swift  practicing  homoeopathy  in  that  city.  South- 
ington,  Hartford  county,  was  represented  in  homoeopathy  by  Dr.  Lucy  A. 
Hudson  as  early  as  1856.  In  1866  Dr.  Timothy  D.  Wadsworth,  a  graduate, 
in  1866  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  located  there,  re- 
moving to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1868.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Edward  W. 
Kellogg.  Dr.  Noah  Byington  was  practicing  there  in  1870.  In  1882  Dr. 
James  H.  Osborne  and  C.  H.  Peterson  were  the  only  homoeopaths  in  that  city. 

In  1856  Drs.  S.  M.  Fletcher  and  A.  Frank  were  in  practice  at  Norwich, 
New  London  county.  Subsequently  Dr.  Fletcher  went  to  Westerly,  R.  I.,  and 
Dr.  Frank  to  Milton,  Vt.  Dr.  Jerome  Harris  practiced  at  Norwich  and  went 
from  there  to  Woonsocket.  In  1865  Dr.  Anna  Manning  graduated  at  the 
New  York  Medical  College  for  Women,  and  located  at  Norwich  for  a  short 
time.  In  1867  Dr.  Herbert  Martin  Bishop,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  went  to  Nor- 
wich. He  was  born  in  New  London,  January  15.  1844,  studied  with  Dr.  O. 
Sites  and  graduated  at  Yale  Medical  School  in  1865.  He  was  commissioned 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  First  Connecticut  cavalry,  and  was  in  service  through 
the  last  campaign  of  the  war.  Returning,  he  determined  to  study  homoeopathy, 
and  after  attending  lectures  at  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College, 
graduated  in  1867.  In  March  of  that  year  he  settled  at  Norwich.  In  January, 
1869,   he  married   Ella   E.    Spalding.    He  joined  the   American   Institute  of 


208 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


HoiiKcojiathv  ill  \S<n).  In  1875  there  were  in  j^ractice  there  Drs.  Herbert 
Martin  Bishop,  jonatlian  E.  Liiinell  and  Samuel  Ciibbs  Tucker;  in  1882,  Drs. 
Bishop.  Edward"  H.  and  Jonathan  E.  Linnell,  John  Arnold  Rockwell  and  C. 
E.  Stark. 

Dr.  Albert  \V.  Phillips  located  in  Birniinoham  in  1861,  the  year  in  which 
he  graduated  from  Hahnemann  College  of  Chicago.  He  was  a  native  of  New 
York.  He  took  the  place  of  Dr.  Horace  Bowen,  who  formerly  practiced  in 
Birmingham. 

Dr"  Charles  \^^  Ensign,  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons in  1844,  located  the  same  }ear  at  Tarit^ville.  He  was  born  in  West 
Hartland.  He  was  highly  esteemed  among  the  allopathic  fraternity,  being  a 
member  of  its  societies  until  1855,  when  he  became  a  homoeopath  and  was  then 
expelled  for  "  quackery."'  He  lived  in  Tariffville  until  his  death.  At  Strat- 
ford Dr.  Geliwitz  practiced  for  a  time,  then  went  to  New  York.  In  1857  Drs. 
Chauncey  Ayres  and  J.  P.  Alackins  were  in  practice  at  Stamford.  In  1875 
Drs.  Ayres,  George  F.  Foote  and  John  F.  Griffin  were  there;  in  1882,  Drs. 
Ayres,  Foote,  Phdlips  and  C.  E.  and  E.  E.  Rowell.  Dr.  Foote  for  fifteen 
vears  conducted  a'  private  asvlum  for  the  insane  and  for  victims  of  the  opium 
habit. 

In  1857  Dr.  R.  B.  Bruce  was  located  at  Birmingham  ;  Dr.  S.  S.  Clark  at 
Plainville ;  Dr.  Jermiah  T.  Denison  at  Fairfield ;  Dr.  C.  Faill  at  Litchfield ; 
Dr.  C.  Gaylor  at  New  ]\Iilford ;  Dr.  J.  E.  Lucas  at  Thompsonville ;  Dr.  C. 
Northrup  at  Sherman ;  Dr.  T.  Roberts  at  New  Canaan ;  Dr.  William  H.  Sage 
at  Unionville ;  and  Dr.  Vail  at  Litchfield. 

The  first  homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  the  state  was  called  the  Good  Samari- 
tan drug  store  and  pharmacy.  It  was  opened  in  Hartford  by  Dr.  Blake, 
who  sold  to  Dr.  Preston,  and  he  in  turn  to  Dr.  George  Curtis.  On  September 
5,  1881,  Dr.  Curtis  sold  to  William  C.  Messenger,  who  conducted  the  store 
for  three  years.  In  1857  Dr.  Gardner  S.  Browne  conducted  a  pharmacy  in 
Hartford.  " 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Connecticut  preinons  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathv.  The  character  '•'  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1857     Ayres.    C.  x     Stamford 
i8so     .Muslin.    James    H.  *     Bristol 
1843     Bell.    William    C.  *     Middletowii 
1857     Bulkelev,   J.    C.  x     Danbnry 
1837     Bulkeley.  W.   E.  *     Danbury 

Burroughs,    G.   W.     Middletown 
Bruce,   R.   B.  x     North    Bennington 
Browne,    Gardner    S.  x     Hartford 
Brownell.    H.    T.  x     Hartford 
Brownell.    F.  x     Hartford 
Brown,    Asa    \V.     Mystic    Bridge 
Bowen,    Horace     Birmingham 
Caulkins,    Russell  x     Hartford 
1850    Cole,  Harvey    Hartford 
1854     Cooley,   George   P.     Bristol 
1857     Clark,   S.   S.  x     Plainville 
1850     Denison,   J.    T.  *     Fairfield 
1854     Dunbar,    William    X.     Meriden 


1S57 

i8s6 
1837 
1853 

1856 


1857  Erving,    J.    F.  x     Hitchcock vi lie 

1855  Ensign,    Charles    W.  *     Tarriffville 
1857  Faill,    C.  X     Litchfield 

1856  Fletcher.  Samuel  ]\I.  Norwich 
1851  Foote.  Cliarles  C.  New  Haven 
1840  Foote,    Elial   Todd  *     New   Haven 

1857  Frank,  A.  x     Norwich 
1857  Gaylor,   G.  x     New   Milford 
1857  -Geliwitz,   G.  x     Stratford 

Gnodinger,  Julius 

1853  Green,    George    S.  *     Hartford 
Griflfin,  S.  M. 

1849  Harris,   Jerome  *     Norwich 

1854  Harris,  Nathaniel  O.     East   Haddarrt 
1857  Hayward,   ]SIilton   P.     Hartford 

1855  Hill.    Moses    (Rev.)     Norwalk 
1845  Holt.   Daniel  *     New   Haven 

1857  Hudson.    Lucy    A.  x     Southington 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


209 


.1857  Isham,    Henry  x     New    Britain  i8?7 

Jenkins,  O.  L.  1848 

1839  Keep,   Lester  *     Fair.  Haven  1856 

1852  Knight.  E!am  'C.  *  Waterbury  1845 
1857  Lucas,   J.    E.  X     Thompsonvilie  1858 

1853  Linnell,  Jonathan  E.  *  Norwich  1841 
1865  Lyon,  Irving  W.  *  Hartford  1842 
1S57  Mackins,  J.  P.  x  Stamford  1850 
1857  Northropj  C.  x  Sherman  2846 
1842  Northro]).  Daniel  W.  *  Sherman  1842 
1S44  Norton,  Lucian  H.  Bridgeport  1S37 
1846  Osgood,  David  *  i8-|8 
1857  Pratt,  A.  X  Chester  1856 
1857  Roberts,    T.  x     New    Canaan  1856 


Rockwell,    R.    W.  x     Danbiiry 
Rodman,    William    W.  *     Waterbury 
Sage,    W.    PL  3    Unionville 
Sceitz,    Oscar     New   London 
Sanford,    Charles    E.  *     Bridgeport 
Skiff,    Charles    H.  *     New    Haven 
Schue,  John     Hartford 
Stone,  Henry  E.  *     Fair  Haven 
Taft,    Cincinnatus    A.     Hartford 
Taft,    Gustavus    M.     Hartford 
Taylor,  George  *     New   Mil  ford 
Taylor,    Oliver    B.  *     Manchester 
Vail,   Dr.  x     Litchfield 
Wilson,  Grove  H.    x  *    West  Meriden 


210  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER    XITI 

HOMcrOPATHY    IN    MASSACHUSETTS. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

How  the  Seed  was  First  Sown  in  the  Old  Bay  State — New  York  Furnishes  the  Pioneer — 
Gregg  and  Flagg,  the  Standard  Bearers — Their  Followers  and  Proselytes — Th^ 
Homoeopathic  Fraternity  of  Massachusetts — Its  Organization  and  Membership — The 
Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Brief  Allusion  to  Homoeopathic  In- 
stitutions, and  the  Pioneers  of  the  Profession  in  the  Several  Counties  of  the  Com-- 
monwealth. 

In  1838  homoeopathy  secured  a  foothold  in  three  states  in  which  the 
teachings  of  the  school,  although  heard  of,  had  not  before  been  given  practical 
investigation  by  qualified  practitioners.  These  states  were  Massachusetts, 
Vermont  and  New  Jersey,  and  in  at  least  two  of  them  the  doctrine  of  Hahne- 
mann soon  extended  to  the  most  remote  counties  and  was  represented  by 
physicians  of  unusual  ability.  In  Massachusetts,  the  state  here  under  consid- 
eration, the  planting  of  the  homoeopathic  seed  was  accomplished  in  much  the 
same  manner  as  in  other  states,  and  was  the  result  of  enforced  conviction 
rather  than  original  desire  on  the  part  of  the  pioneers  to  practice  under  its 
teachings.  This  honor  in  Massachusetts  is  accorded  to  Dr.  Samuel  Gregg, 
who,  under  the  influence  of  Vanderburgh  of  New  York,  forsook  the  old 
method  of  practice  and  allied  himself  to  the  new  school  of  medicine,  which 
then  had  existed  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  hardly  more  than  ten  years. 

Vanderburgh  in  New  York  was  a  splendid  champion  of  the  system  of 
Hahnemann  and  one  of  its  ablest  exponents.  He,  too,  was  a  convert,  and  in 
later  years  was  instrumental  in  proselyting  many  other  old  school  practitioners 
and  bringing  them  within  the  homoeopathic  fold.  In  Massachusetts  his  first 
convert  was  Gregg,  and  in  the  old  Bay  state  the  new  disciple  took  up  the 
good  work  and  in  turn  spread  the  gospel  of-  Plahnemann  even  into  its  remotest 
parts;  not  easily,  however,  and  not  without  hardships  and  sacrifices,  coupled 
with  the  severance  of  former  friendships,  for  we  are  told  that  Samuel  Gregg 
was  a  popular  personage  in  the  old  profession,  that  his  associates  and  fellows 
were  men  of  influence  in  the  social  and  political  world,  and  when  he  turned 
away  from  their  school  they,  too.  turned  from  him  and  no  longer  admitted 
him  to  their  councils,  but  in  sorrow  rather  than  in  wrath.  Yet  Gregg  plodded 
along  in  the  new  road  he  had  chosen,  blazing  the  way,  for  he  was  the  pioneer 
in  a  new  field.  In  1839  -le  was  joined  by  Flagg,  and  then  by  W'^ild  and  Spooner 
and  Cutler  and  Clark  until  there  was  gathered  together  a  sufficient  number  of 
exemplars  to  form  the  little  society  they  called  the  Homoeopathic  Fraternity 
of  Massachusetts.  This  was  done  in  March,  1841,  and  from  that  time  the 
state  has  not  been  without  a  homoeopathic  medical  society. 

The  original  society  with  its  membership  of  six  was  the  nucleus  of  the 
Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  which  came  into  life  in  1851, 
and  of  which  mention  is  made  in  this  chapter. 

The  members  of  the  Homoeopathic   Fraternity  of  Massachusetts  during 


I 


I 


HISTORY, OF  HOMOEOPATHY  211 

the  ten  years  of  its  existence  were  Samuel  Gregg,  Josiali  F.  Flagg,  John  P. 
Spooner,  Charles  Wild,  William,  W.  Cutler,  Luther  Clark,  Christopher  Alinot 
Weld  and  Francis  Clark,  1841  ;  William  Wessclhoeft,  William  Tngalls,  Mil- 
ton Fuller,  Daniel  Swan,  George  Russell,  Robert  Capen  and  William  Gallup, 
1842;  John  A.  Tarbell,  1843;  James  M.  Cummings.  Schlegel,  Eben  Hale,  1844; 
Jehiel  Abbott,  George  Baker,  Daniel  Holt,  1845 :  David  Osgood,  Isaac  CoIIdv, 
Hiram  Luce  Chase  and  Horace  Dwight  Train,  1846;  Rufus  Shackford,  David 
Thayer  and  Christian  F.  Geist,  1847;  J-  L.  Martin,  Samuel  W.  Graves  and 
George  Barrows,  1848;  James  C.  Neilson,  1850. 

Since  that  time  Massachusetts  has  been  a  prolific  mother  of  homoeopathic 
societies,  and  each  offshoot  from  the  parent  body  has  done  good  work  in 
spreading  the  doctrine  and  elevating  the  character  and  dignity  of  the  princi- 
ple it  represents. 

MASSACHUSETTS    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

Massachusetts  was  early  in  the  field  with  the  work  of  organization.  In- 
deed, if  records  are  reliable,  it  was  onlv  two  years  after  the  system  was  planted 
in  the  state  that  a  few  homoeopathic  physicians  assembled  at  the  house  of  Dr. 
J.  P.  Spooner  in  Dorchester  in  1840  and  organized  the  fraternity  to  which 
reference  is  made  in  a  preceding  paragraph ;  and  this  action  was  the  founda- 
tion of  the  state  society  of  later  years.  The  fraternity  dates  its  history  from 
December  25,  1840,  and  at  a  later  meeting  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Wild  in  Brook- 
line,  on  January  7,  1841.  the  subject  of  permanent  organization  was  consid- 
ered, although  the  constitution  was  not  formally  adopted  and  signed  until 
February  16  following.  This  action  gave  real  life  to  the  Massachusetts 
Homoeopathic  Fraternity,  and  on  the  occasion  mentioned  officers  were  chosen 
to  direct  the  affairs  of  the  society.  Meetings  were  afterward  held  with  fair 
regularity,  and  the  fraternity  continued  to  grow  in  strength  and  usefulness 
until  its  membership  has  so  increased  that  stronger  and  more  formal  organi- 
zation became  necessarv.  At  the  monthly  meeting  held  March  18.  1856,  a 
committee  reported  that  a  petition  signed  by  fifty-one  physicians  had  been 
presented  to  the  legislature  asking  for  an  act  of  incorporation  for  an  organiza- 
tion to  be  known  as  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

The  act  praved  for  seems  not  to  have  been  the  result  of  united  action 
of  the  fraternity  body,  but  of  a  majority  of  its  members  acting  independently 
and  with  the  approvail  of  the  organization.  However,  the  act  was  passed  and 
became  a  law  May  19,  1855,  ^^^  at  a  subsequent  meeting  held  by  the  frater- 
nity December  9.  1856,  the  old  pioneer  society  passed  out  of  existence  and 
was  succeeded  bv  the  present  state  organization.  The  new  society  held  sev- 
eral informal  meetings  to  settle  upon  a  plan  of  permanent  organization,  and 
on  September  24,  i8c;6,  elected  its  first  officers  as  follows:  Dr.  Samuel  Gregg 
of  Boston,  president^;  Dr.  Charles  Weld  of  Brookline  and  Dr.  Wniiam  Wes- 
sclhoeft of  Boston,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  G.  W.  Swazey  of  Springfield,  corre- 
sponding secretarv;  Dr.  David  Thaver  of  Boston,  recording  secretary;  Dr. 
William  F.  Jackson  of  Roxbury.  treasurer;  Dr.  George  Russell  of  Boston, 
librarian  :  Drs.  C.  M.  Weld,  of  Jamaica  Plain,  and  B.  H.  West,  Luther  Clark, 
Milton  Fuller  and  L.  M.  Barker,  of  Boston,  censors. 

For  more  than  sixtv-five  years  the  Homceopathic  Medical  Society  of 
Massachusetts  has  been  regarded  as  the  mother  organization  of  the  profes- 
sion in  New  England,  and  has  exercised  an  influence  for  good  in  the  councils 
of  other  societies  in  that  commonwealth  and  also  in  other  states  east  of  the 


1!12 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHV 


Hudson  river;  and  its  influence  and  voice  in  the  directive  affairs  of  the  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Homoeopathy  have  been  welcomed  and  api)reciated  by  the 
great  number  of  homoeopatliic  piiysicians  constitutint^  that  national  body.  On 
December  22,  1890.  the  society  celebrated  its  semi-centennial  anniversary,  and 
made  the  occasion  one  of  importance  in  the  homceopathic  history  of  Massa- 
chusetts. Since  1867  the  society  has  published  annual  transactions ;  one  of 
the  earlier  volumes  contains  old  records  and  many  interesting  historical  data. 
The  society  also  has  published  numerous  pamphlets,  addresses,  directories, 
and  valuable  reports  and  statistics  on  homoeopathic  registration.  The  pres- 
ent membership  is  about  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  practitioners,  and 
every  one  a  physician  of  good  moral  and  professional  standing. 

Among  the  other  homoeopathic  societies,  some  of  which  are  no  longer 
in  existence,  mention  may  be  made  of  the  Boston  Academy  of  Homceopathic 
Medicine,  organized  November  30,  1858,  and  consolidated  in  May,  1873.  with 


Westljoro  Honicpopathic  Asylum  tor  Insane. 

the  Boston  Homeopathic  Society,  then  taking  the  name  of  Boston  Homoe- 
opathic Society;  The  Boston  Homoeopathic  Society,  organized  in  1868;  the 
Bristol  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  October  3.  1866; 
the  Essex  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  at  Lynn  May 
I,  1872;  tlie  Hughes  Aledical  Club  of  Boston,  organized  October  23.  1878; 
the  Lowell  Hahnemann  Club,  organized  November  22,  1881  ;  the  Massa- 
chusetts Surgical  and  Gynaecological  Society,  organized  in  Boston  December 
6,  1876;  the  Middlesex  South  Homoeopathic  Society,  organized  at  Newton 
January  12,  1876;  the  Organon  Societv  of  Boston,  organized  December  8, 
1887 ;  the  Plymouth  Countv  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  March 
3,  1887;  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Western  Massachusetts,  organ- 
ized at  Greenfield  May  23.  1878:  the  Worcester  County  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Society,  organized  June  27,  1866:  the  Boston  GyUc-ecological  Club,  organ- 
ized March  23.  188 1. 

WESTnORO   ASVr.UM    FOR   THE   INSANE. 

In  treating  of  hospitals  and  other  kindred  institutions  in  Massachusetts 
these  annals  can  furnish  only  brief  mention.  That  which  demands  first  atten- 
tion  is  of  a  distinctively  public  character,  not  a  private  nor  yet  a  specially 


Li 


HISTORY  OF  HO.MCEOPATHY  2i:^ 

homceopathic  institution,  although  the  legislative  power  of  the  commonwealth 
gave  its  medical  department  in  charge  of  homoeopathic  physicians. 

The  institution  to  which  allusion  is  thus  made  is  that  known  as  the  West- 
boro  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  which  dates  its  foundation  from  an  act  of  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts,  passed  June  3,  1884,  although  the  asylum 
as  a  means  of  administering  to  the  physical  and  mental  needs  of  its  charges 
through  the  medium  of  the  homoeopathic  system  of  medicine  was  not  formal- 
ly opened  until  December  6,  1886.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  under  homoe- 
opathic medical  supervision,  and  reports  show  that  under  the  system  at  least 
as  good  results  arc  accomplished  as  under  any  other  school  of  medicine  in 
any  similar  institution  in  this  state  or  elsewhere. 

Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  In  the  order  of  seniority  among 
the  distinctively  homceopathic  hospitals  of  the  state  that  known  as  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Homoeopathic  Hospital  is  entitled  to  first  mention,  and  traces  its 
history  back  to  the  days  when  the  old  fraternity  was  in  the  full  vigor  of  its  use- 
ful career.  At  a  meeting  held  January  22.  1850,  the  fraternity  resolved  itself 
into  "  a  committee  of  the  whole  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  mind  of 
the  public  regarding  the  establishment  of  a  homoeopathic  hospital  in  the  city 
of  Boston,"  Nothing,  however,  was  accomplished  at  the  time,  nor  even  five 
\ears  later,  when,  at  a  meeting  held  January  30,  1855,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  a  petition  to  the  general  court  for  a  charter  for  a  homoe- 
opathic hospital  to  be  located  in  the  city  before  mentioned,  although  the  act 
prayed  for  was  passed  (May  19,  1855)  and  an  organization  was  effected 
under  the  incorporation.  The  officers  then  chosen  were  Dr.  Qiarles  B.  Hall, 
])residcnt;  Drs.  Dexter  King,  Edward  Melien,  A.  W.  Thaxter  and  Francis  B. 
Fay,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  George  Bancroft,  secretary ;  and  Dr.  John  P.  Jewett, 
Treasurer. 

Failing  in  an  endeavor  to  enlist  state  aid  for  the  proposed  hospital,  the 
trustees  instead  of  attempting  to  maintain  such  an  institution  with  all  its 
attendant  expense,  wisely  determined  to  limit  their  operations  to  a  dispen- 
sary foundation,  and  to  that  end  secured  the  incorporation  (May  28,  1856) 
of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Dispensary,  which  was  carried  on  with  gratify- 
ing results  for  several  years.  Again,  in  1861  an  attempt  was  made  to  found 
a  hospital,  but  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  country  on  account  of  the  im- 
pending war  made  persistent  effort  impracticable ;  and  in  consequence  of 
these  earlv  embarrassments  it  was  not  until  January  23.  1871,  that  the  hospital 
Avas  in  fact  opened.  Various  means,  especially  festival  enterprises,  were 
adopted  to  create  funds,  and  the  ultimate  success  which  crowned  the  labors 
of  the  founders  was  in  a  great  measure  due  to  the  Ladies'  Aid  Association, 
and  the  "  great  fair  "  held  in  1872,  which  netted  the  institution  about  $76,000. 
A  i^ermanent  home  for  the  hospital  was  found  near  the  Boston  University 
School  of  Medicine,  in  a  building  which  once  was  a  female  medical  college. 
Tn  1800  the  legislature  appropriated  $120,000  for  the  erection  of  new  build- 
ings. '  The  hospital  is  maintained  with  the  in|erest  on  invested  funds,  volun- 
tar\-  contributions  and  pay  patients.  The  nurses'  school  was  opened  in  1885. 
This  institution  is  said  to  be  the  largest  hospital  in  America  under  homoe- 
opathic management. 

The  Hampden  Homeopathic  Hospital  at  Springfield  was  founded  largely 
throufrh  the  influence  of  Dr.  John  H.  Carmichael  and  the  benevolence  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Daniel  P..  Wesson,  the  latter  of  whom  c-avc  their  former  residence 
in  High  street  for  hospital  purposes      Following  {hv  offer  and  gift  the  hospital 


214  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

association  was  incorporated,  and  the  trustees  perfected  an  organization  and 
accepted  the  property,  on  which  within  the  last  two  years  the  original  bene- 
factors have  erected  a  splendid  hospital  building.     The  movement  leading  to 
this  hospital  originated  in   1900,  and  the  institution  was  opened  for  patients    | 
in  November  of  that  year.     A  nurses'  school  has  since  been  established.  * 

The  Worcester  Homoeopathic  Hospital  had  its  origin  in  the  Warren 
Surgical  Hospital,  opened  in  November,  1893,  by  Dr.  J.  K.  Warren,  and  the 
union  of  that  institution  with  the  Worcester  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  Asso- 
ciation, the  latter  being  a  body  corporate.  The  hospital  trustees  were  incor- 
porated in  June,  1896.  A  training  school  for  nurses  is  maintained  in  connec- 
tion with  the  hospital. 

The  Newburyport  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  founded  in  1893,  and  is 
incorporated.  In  1900  the  institution  was  generously  provided  for  in  the 
will  of  the  late  Ann  Toppan,  who  left  it  one-third  of  her  estate. 

In  this  connection  a  brief  mention  may  be  made  of  some  other  of  the 
hospital  institutions  of  the  state,  among  them  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  for 
Children  in  Boston,  opened  in  1900;  the  Salem  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  opened 
in  1900;  the  Baldwin  Place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers,  in  Boston;  the 
Consumptives'  Home,  the  House  of  the  Angel  Guardian,  and  the  Home  for 
Young  Women,  the  latter  in  Lowell. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  held 
October  12,  1864,  Dr.  Samuel  Gregg  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Early  Annals 
of  Homoeopathy  in  Massachusetts."  He  said:  "During  the  year  1837,  I 
had  seen  in  the  medical  journals  strictures  upon  the  small  doses  of  a  new 
system  of  medical  practice.  My  attention  was  perhaps  more  willingly  di- 
rected to  the  subject,  having  for  many  years  been  dissatisfied  with  my  pro- 
fession. I  had  become  tired  of  the  uncertainty  of  my  prescription.  During 
the  winter  of  1837-8,  I  had  an  interesting  case  in  a  patient  suffering  from 
tuberculosis  pulmonum  in  a  scrofulous  constitution,  which  I  was  satisfied  I 
could  not  cure.  At  this  time  I  saw  two  patients  (in  the  family  of  Thatcher 
Magcwn,  Esq.,  of  Medford),  who  had  received  homoeopathic  treatment  from 
Dr.  X'anderburgh,  who  was  then  in  practice  in  New  York.  The  allopathic 
materia  medica  was  then  being  enlarged  by  the  introduction  of  concentrated 
chemical  preparations  of  drugs.  As  showing  my  entire  ignorance  of  the 
preparation  of  homoeopathic  medicines,  I  distinctly  recollect  saying  to  these 
patients,  when  they  described  the  wonderful  effects  of  the  little  pills,  that  a 
physician  must  be  reckless  who  would  prescribe  a  remedy  capable  of  pro- 
ducing such  results,  in  so  concentrated  a  form.  But  at  the  solicitation  of 
these  friends  I  conchuled  to  take  my  patient  and  consult  Dr.  Vanderburgh 
at  New  York.  Although  this  physician  did  not  at  the  time  give  much  en- 
couragement of  benefiting  my  patient,  yet  he  gave  me  such  a  synopsis  of  the 
new  school  practice  of  therapeutics  as  to  excite  in  my  mind  a  determination 
to  examine  the  merits  of  the  new  theory  of  healing.  I  obtained  all  the  books 
that  were  then  published  in  English  translation:  viz,  Hahnemann's  Organon; 
the  first  edition  of  Plering's  'Domestic  Practice,'  in  two  very  small  volumes ; 
some  small  ])amphlet  expositions  of  homoeopathy,  and  the  translation  of 
Jahr's  'Manual,'  by  the  North  American  Academy,  which  was  then  in  press 
(the  'Repertory'  was  not  then  published);  also  the  'Archives,'  of  Paris 
(Archives  de  la  ^Medicine  Homoeopathique,  Paris,  1834-38)  containing  the 
reported  cases  of  treatment  by  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  Paris.  I  also 
prncured  a  few  of  the  more  general  remedies,  and  commenced  my  investiga- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  21.> 

tion  of  the  principles  of  therapeia.  I  soon  after  obtained  a  Gorman  case  of 
medicines,  contjiining  one  hundred  and  seventy  vials  of  the  mother  tinctures 
and  first  triturations.  From  these  I  began  to  make  mv  own  preparations, 
and  have  continued  to  prepare  all  that  I  have  used  ever  since.  In  my  early 
administration  of  homoeopathic  medicine  I  was  under  exceeding  obligations 
to  Dr.  Vanderburgh  for  counsel  and  assistance ;  for  often  in  my  lonely  ex- 
plorations I  was  troubled,  and  whenever  I  applied  to  him  I  was  sure  to  re- 
ceive instruction  by  return  of  mail ;  and  I  trust  I  have  not  been  unmindful  of 
it  toward  my  juniors.  Thus  I  continued  my  investigations.  I  had  a  reasonable 
share  of  patronage  in  my  allopathic  practice,  and  when  I  told  my  patients 
I  had  more  confidence  in  the  new  system  than  I  had  in  the  old,  they  were 
willing  to  abide  by  my  decision;  and  after  having  once  made  the  experience 
I  have  seldom  found  any  one  willing  to  return  to  old  school  treatment  of 
disease.  My  first  associate  in  my  new  adventure  was  my  friend  Dr.  J.  F. 
Flagg.  He  was  not  then  in  general  practice,  but  had  given  his  attention  to 
dentistry.  He  had  long  suffered  from  dyspepsia,  and  in  the  summer  of  1838, 
while  on  a  visit  at  Philadelphia,  he  was  persuaded  by  his  friends  there  to 
take  some  medicine  from  Dr.  Humphrey,  who  was  then  in  homoeopathic 
practice.  Dr.  Flagg  was  so  well  satisfied  with  the  efficiency  of  the  reme- 
dies, that  he  furnished  himself  with  what  books  he  could  and  commenced 
the  investigation  for  his  own  satisfaction.  Not  relinquishing  his  dentistry, 
his  practice  was  mostly  confined  to  a  kind  of  dispensary  practice  among  his 
immediate  friends.  Thus  he  continued  for  some  months  supposing  himself 
alone,  until,  having  occasion  to  send  to  New  York  for  some  medicine  he  was 
told  he  could  obtain  it  from  me.  Sometime  during  the  year  1840  Dr.  J.  P. 
Spooner  of  Dorchester  and  Dr.  Charles  Wild  of  Brookline,  became  interested 
in  examining  the  subject  of  homoeopathy,  at  the  suggestion  of  their  mutual 
friend.  Dr.  Flagg,  In  December,  1840,  we  commenced  associate  meetings 
•for  mutual  improvement;  and  in  February,  1841,  we  adopted  the  constitution 
and  by-laws  of  a  regular  association  called  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic 
Fraternity,  which  held  meetings  until  a  state  society  was  organized." 

Dr.  Samuel  Gregg  was  born  in  New  Boston,  N.  H.,  July  i,  1799.  He 
acquired  a  goo'd  New  England  education,  though  not  collegiate,  and  at  eigh- 
teen was  teaching  school.  He  graduated  from  Dartmouth  Medical  School 
in  1825,  practiced  for  a  short  time  with  Dr.  John  Stearns  in  Charlestown, 
Mass..  and  then  decided  to  go  to  Medford.  With  him  in  his  first  trip  to  Med- 
ford  was  a  friend,  Thatcher  Magown,  who  went  with  him  to  call  on  one  Dr. 
Brooks,  then  a  practicing  physician  in  Medford  and  who  had  been  gov- 
ernor. Dr.  Brooks  after" listening  to  him  said:  ''Young  man,  I  would  not 
advise  you  to  settle  here;  there  are  physicians  enough  in  this  place."  Dr. 
Gregg  looked  at  the  ex-governor  coolly  and  stamping  his  foot  answered, 
■'  You  do  not,  well,  then  I  will  stay."  He  remained  in  Medford  fifteen  years, 
having  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In  November,  1840,  he  removed  to 
Boston.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American  Institute  of  Flomoe- 
opathv  in  1844  and  a  prominent  member,  a  founder  of  the  Massachusetts 
HomcEOpathic  Hospital  and  of  the  various  homoeopathic  societies  of  the 
city  and  state.     He  died  at  Amherst.  Mass.,  October  25,  1872. 

The  next  physician  to  adopt  homoeopathy  in  the  state  was  Dr.  Josiah 
Foster  Flagg,  who  was  born  in  Boston,  January  11.  1789.  His  father.  Josiah 
Flagg.  was  a  dentist.  He  entered  as  a  student  of  medicine  with  Dr.-  John  C. 
Warren,    in    i8ti.      During    his    student    life    he    perfected    improvements    in 


210  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

many  surgical  instruments,  notably  the  bone  forceps.  In  1813  lie  undertook, 
with  Dr.  Warren,  the  publication  of  a  work  on  the  arteries,  the  first  of  its 
kind  ever  issued.  Tlie  engravings  for  this  work  were  done  with  his  own 
hand.  This  book  had  a  good  sale.  A  few  years  later  he  prepared  drawings 
for  Dr.  Warren's  "'  Comparative  View  of  the  Nervous  System." 

Dr.  Flagg  graduated  from  Harvard  Medical  School  in  181 5,  being  it  is 
said  particularly  well  educated  in  surgical  knowledge.  For  some  time  after 
graduating  he  practiced  at  Uxbridge,  Mass.  He  continued  in  practice  for 
several  years,  when  he  removed  to  Boston  and  established  himself  as  a  den- 
tist. His  reputation  was  such  that  his  rooms  were  constantly  filled  with 
patients,  and  he  was  considered  one  of  the  most  scientific  and  skillful  men 
in  his  profession.  Among  his  surgical  inventions  are  the  tooth  forceps,  and 
an  improvement  on  Desault's  apparatus  for  fracture  of  the  femur,  this 
latter  being  introduced  by  Dr.  Warren  into  the  Massachusetts  General  Hos- 
pital. 

In  1838-9  his  attention  was  attracted  to  homoeopathy  by  facts  and  exper- 
iments of  such  convincing  character  that  he  was  obliged  against  his  pre- 
judices to  believe.  After  some  months  of  careful  study  of  the  principles  of 
homoeopathy,  he  collected  the  symptoms  of  a  few  cases  and  submitted  them 
to  the  consideration  of  experienced  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia,  who  were  his  personal  friends,  and  he  gave  the  remedies 
according  to  their  directions.  He  did  this  for  some  time,  not  trusting  to  his 
own  judgment,  and  after  he  had  witnessed  the  eftect  of  this  prescribing  on 
a  number  of  well  marked  cases  he  became  satisfied  that  there  was  some- 
thing more  than  imagination  in  the  good  results  that  followed.  He  collected 
the  records  of  300  cases  treated  by  himself  and  the  results  of  several  were 
published.  His  methods  of  examining  cases  were  strictly  according  to  the 
directions  of  Hahnemann.  As  has  been  stated,  he  w^as  interested  with  Dr. 
Gregg  in  the  advancement  of  homoeopathy.     He  died  December  20,   1853. 

Dr.  Charles  Wild  was  born  in  Boston,  January  15.  1795.  He  graduated 
from  Harvard  College  in  1814.  completed  his  medical  studies,  and  estab- 
lished himself  in  Brookline  in  1818.  He  practiced  there  for  forty  years  and 
then  went  to  Providence,  and  only  resumed  his  practice  for  a  few  months 
in  the  early  part  of  the  rebellion  in  order  that  his  son.  Dr.  Edward  A.  Wild, 
afterwards  brigadier  general,  might  enter  the  army.  It  was  through  the 
influence  of  his  friend  Dr.  Flagg  that  Dr.  Wild  first  investigated  homoe- 
opathy in  the  year  1840.     He  died  May  3,   1864. 

The  fourth  member  of  the  fraternity  quartette  was  Dr.  John  P.  Spooner, 
who  graduated  at  Hanover  m  the  academic  and  medical  departments.  He 
took  his  medical  degree  in  1820  and  located  in  Boston.  In  1838  he  went 
to  Dorchester.  His  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  in  1839  by  some  re- 
markable cures  that  he  had  seen.  He  got  som.e  of  the  books  and  medicmes 
of  that  school  and  began  to  investigate.  He  was  so  well  satisfied  that  he 
declared  himself  a  homoeopathist,  and  it  was  at  his  house  in  Dorchester  that 
the  first  meeting  of  the  homoeopathic  fraternity  was  held. 

Dr.  Gregg  induced  a  brother  practitioner,  Dr.  Daniel  Swan,  to  investi- 
gate h(imoeopathy.  Dr.  Swan  was  born  in  Charlestown  February  28.  1781. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1803,  and  for  a  time  was  a  teacher.  He  then 
began  the  study  of  i-.iedicine  in  ^ledford  with  Doctor  (afterwards  governor) 
Brooks,  who  on  cntcnng  political  life  gave  Swan  his  practice.  He  married 
a  lady  of  wealth  and  was  very  charitable  to  the  poor.     A  favorite  prescrip- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  I'lT 

tion  read :  "Recipe,  Aiiri  quantum  sufficit,"  and  he  was  fond  of  dispensing 
it.  In  1839,  influenced  by  the  remarkable  success  of  Dr.  Gregg,  who  had  a 
year  before  adopted  homoeopathy,  Dr.  Swan  began  to  experiment  with  homoe- 
opathic medicines  and  soon  became  a  convert.  He  died  December  5,  1864, 
aged  eighty-four  years.  Dr.  Swan  commenced  practice  in  Brighton,  but  in 
1816  took  Dr.  Brook's  practice  in  Medford.  For  several  years  in  the  latter 
part  of  his  life  he  made  no  charges  and  received  no  fees,  and  when  he  re- 
tired from  practice  he  gave  up  his  rich  patients  and  kept  a  few  poor  families. 
He  bought  many  books  on  homoeopathy  and  collected  a  valuable  library, 
which  at  his  death  went  to  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Society. 

Medford  was  the  first  town  in  the  state  to  receive  the  new  system.  Be- 
sides Dr.  Gregg,  whose  history  has  been  noted,  there  was  Dr.  Milton  Fuller, 


.\ Ilium   Fuller,  M.   D. 


who  succeeded   to  the  pioneer's  practice  in    1841    when  he   went   to   Boi 
Milton  Fuller  was  born  in  Westmoreland,  N.  H.,  January  5,   1799.     He 


Boston, 
was 

XVJ.I11U11    J. unci     vvaa    uui  ii    in     v  v  ^^ollll>^l  >-»mivj,    *'•    -'*•,    j ,      .."       i  .' ^ 

a  farmer's  son,  and  when  eighteen  entered  a  store,  but  soon  becommg  dis- 
satisfied, entered  Chesterfield  academv  to  fit  himself  for  the  study  of  medicme. 
He  remained  there  two  vears  and  then  went  to  Boston,  becommg  a  student 
under  Dr.  Solomon  D.  Townscnd  at  the  Marine  Hospital  ni  Charlestown. 
He  attended  lectures  at  Harvard  Medical  School  and  two  courses  by  Dr. 
Ingalls  of  Brown  Univer.^^itN.  He  married  in  1823  and  began  practice  in 
Scituate,  remaining  there  until  1841.  It  was  due  to  several  conversations 
with  his  friend  Dr.^Flagg  in  1841  that  Dr.  Fuller  became  a  believer  in  homoe- 
opathy.    He  procured  a  tew  medicines  but  did  not  dare  give  them.     At  last 


218  HISTORY  OF  HOMOiOPATHY 

a  case  which  he  was  sure  must  terminate  in  lung  fever,  induced  him  to  try 
the  value  of  aconite.  The  experiment  resulted  in  a  return  to  health  in 
two  days,  and  the  result  was  so  wonderful  that  he  made  further  experiments 
and  became  confirmed  in  the  belief  that  this  was  the  real  method  of  healing. 
In  1841  he  located  in  Medford,  and  in  1842  became  a  member  of  the  frater- 
nity. Dr.  Fuller  remained  in  Medford  until  1855,  when  he  located  in  Boston. 
He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  institute  and  a  member  of  the  state  and 
other  societies.  He  died  March  11,  1885,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-six 
years. 

Dr.  Fuller  was  succeeded  in  Medford  by  Dr.  Elwell  Woodbury,  who 
shortly  after  went  to  Chelsea,  and  gave  up  practice  soon  after  on  account  of 
ill  health.  He  died  June  15,  1874.  Dr.  Alfred  B.  Stone  practiced  for  a 
short  time  in  Medford.  He  was  a  student  of  Dr.  Gregg.  He  died  suddenly 
June  3,  1855.  James  Hedenberg  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  a  graduate  of  Castleton 
Medical  College  in  1852,  located  at  Medford,  June  20,  1855,  succeeding  Dr. 
Stone. 

Dr.  Flagg  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Boston,  but  his  attention  was  con- 
fined to  chronic  cases,  and  the  first  professed  homoeopathic  physician  to  prac- 
tice actively  in  that  city  was  Dr.  Luther  Clark,  who  was  born  in  Waltham, 
Mass.,  July  30,  1810,  and  was  educated  at  Harvard,  graduating  A.  B.  in 
1833,  and  M.  D.  in  1836.  He  practiced  in  Boston  until  1870,  when  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  remove  to  Waltham.  In  1833  he  met  Hennig  G.  Linberg, 
a  learned  Dane  living  in  Santa  Cruz,  who  was  acquainted  with  Hering,  and 
who  so  strongly  recommended  that  he  study  homoeopathy  that  Dr.  Clark  was 
induced  to  examine  it.  He  read  the  Organon  and  was  tempted  to  believe  the 
principle  of  similia  until  stopped  by  the  ridiculously  small  doses.  For  seven 
years  he  remained  an  allopath,  but  in  1840  he  became  fully  converted  to  the 
new  school.     He  died  at  Lincoln,  Mass.,  September  26,  1884. 

Dr.  William  W.  Cutler  was  another  early  practitioner  in  Boston.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  both  of  the  academic  and  medical  departments. 
He  joined  the  fraternity  in  1841,  and  was  its  first  secretary.  After  practic- 
ing homoeopathy  for  several  years  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with 
his  father,  Pliny  Cutler.     He  was  always  an  ardent  advocate  of  homoeopathy. 

Boston  received  an  important  addition  to  its  few  homoeopathic  practi- 
tioners in  1 841  m  Dr.  William  W^esselhoeft,  who  reached  that  city  in  Septem- 
ber, coming  from  Allentown,  Pa.,  and  his  influence  was  soon  felt.  He  at 
once  took  his  place  as  a  leader,  and  so  continued  during  his  long  and  import- 
ant life. 

In  1841  another  of  the  Philadelphia  homoeopathists  located  in  Boston, 
Charles  Frederic  Hoffendahl.  He  was  born  in  New  Brandenberg,  Mecklen- 
berg-Strolitz,  Germany,  June  28.  1798.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  commenced 
medical  studies :  at  eighteen  he  became  a  student  at  the  Austrian  military 
medical  trainmg  school  (St.  Joseph's),  and  on  finishing  his  course  entered  the 
Austrian  service  as  assistant  surgeon.  He  served  in  an  infantry  regiment 
and  accompanied  it  through  a  campaign  in  Italy.  While  in  this  position  he 
became  interested  in  homoeopathy  through  Dr.  Schmidt,  the  chief  of  the  med- 
ical staff.  After  leaving  the  service  he  finished  his  medical  studies,  taking 
the  full  degree  at  Berlin  in  1829.  After  graduation  he  was  for  seven  years 
physician  to  Hermann,  Count  Schwerin  of  Mecklenberg,  practicing  homoe- 
opathy exclusively.  In  1837  he  came  to  America  and  began  practice  in  Phil- 
adelphia, remaining  there  until   1840.  when  he  went  to  Albany,  N.  Y.     From 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  'nd 

there  he  went  to  Boston,  which  city  he  afterwards  made  his  home.  In  1846 
■he  maintained  a  dispensary  over  Boylston  market,  which  for  two  years  he 
conducted  successfully.     H'e  died  April  24,  1862. 

Dr.  Christopher  Minot  Weld  of  Roxbury  became  a  member  of  the  fra- 
ternity in  March.  1841.  He  was  ben  in  Boston,  January  19,  1812,  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1833,  studied  medichie  with  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Shattuck  and  gradu- 
ated in  medicine  from  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1837.  He  began  practice 
in  Boston,  but  soon  afterwards  went  to  Jamaica  Plain.  In  1840  one  of  his 
patients  went  to  New  York  to  consult  Dr.  Gray  and  found  complete  reUef 
in  his  homoeopathic  treatment.  She  returned  entirely  cured  and  so  enthusias- 
tic that  she  persuaded  Dr.  Weld  to  investigate  the  system.  To  accomplish 
this  more  thoroughly  he  went  to  New  York  and  passed  some  time  with 
Gray,  and  in  the  study  of  Hahnemann  and  his  tenets.  He  returned  to 
Boston  and  soon  announced  his  adherence  to  the  new  school.  He  practiced 
and  defended  homoeopathy  for  more  than  twenty  years,  always  living  at 
Jamaica  Plain.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homceopathy.     He  died  March  13,  1878. 

Dr.  William  Ingalls  became  an  investigator  of  and  believer  in  homoe- 
opathy at  the  age  of  seventy-three.  He  was  born  at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  May 
3,  1769,  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  at  Harvard  University  in  1790,  of  M.  A. 
in  1794,  and  M.  D.  in  1801.  He  was  professor  of  anatomy  and  surgery  in 
Brown  University  and  also  practiced  in  Boston  for  many  years.  He  retired 
from  active  work  in  1834,  and  in  1843  hecame  interested  in  homoeopathy. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 
opathy appointed  to  prepare  a  work  on  topographical  anatomy.  He  died 
September  8,  1851.  Dr.  John  Adams  Tarbell  was  born  in  Boston,  March  31, 
1810,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1832  and  soon  after  commenced  to  study 
medicine  with  his  uncle,  Dr.  Samuel  Adams  of  Boston.  In  1833  he  went 
to  Paris,  where  he  spent  nearly  two  years  in  medical  study.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Boston,  continued  his  studies  and  received  the  medical  degree  from 
Bowdoin  College  in  1836,  and  at  once  began  practice.  He  was  dissatisfied 
with  the  uncertain  methods  in  vogue,  and  had  about  decided  to  give  up 
medicine  when  he  became  interested  in  homoeopathy.  Dr.  Gregg  thus  writes 
of  Tarbell :  "  In  the  winter  of  1842-3  there  was  a  young  schoolboy  who 
was  familiar  in  my  office,  and  who  was  also  an  intimate  acquaintance  with 
Dr.  Tarbell.  Occasionally  he  repeated  some  jeers  upon  homoeopathy  from 
Dr.  Tarbell.  Upon  inquiring  who  this  Tarbell  was,  I  learned  that  he  was  a 
young  physician  who  after  graduating  in  his  profession  here  had  spent  two 
years  in  medical  study  in  Paris;  made  himself  familiar  with  the  French 
language;  and  on  his  return  had  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
but  soon  after  relinquished  it,  and  was  giving  his  attention  to  other  pursuits. 
I  complimentarily  sent  some  expositions  on  homoeopathic  medicine  for  him 
to  read.  After  reading  them,  he  sent  them  back  with  kind  regards,  saying 
he  had  leisure  and  would  be  happy  to  read  anything  I  might  furnish  him  on 
the  subject.  He  became  interested  and  called  upon  me.  He  told  me  that 
soon  after  commencing  his  profession  he  had  a  particular  friend  who  had 
typhoid  fever  and  called  on  him.  He  gave  much  attention  to  the  case.  As 
the  patient  grew  worse,  he  had  counsel  and  the  patient  finally  recovered,  but 
he  felt  that  he  could  not  take  such  responsibility  again,  and  gave  up  practice. 
After  this  conversation  he  obtained  a  homoeopathic  library,  gave  his  attention 
to  study  and  practice."     In  1849  Dr.  Tarbell  published  the  "  Pocket  Homoe- 


WKMIF.M.  I'HII.I.l 


JULIA   WAKl 

\Y  Aia:ott. 


Rl.I/.AnETH  >Ti  .AKT  I'ni;i  rs.  Namiamii.  Haw  1  HMKNi. 

EUZABETH  PalSiHK  PEAIIUDV.  ' 

Henkv  \Vai»<\m,htii   I.i>N..ii:i.Mnv.. 

William  Lloyh  Carrisos.  Tueouoke  Parker. 

Thomas  Starr  Kino.  a    Bronso.v  >  i   Higginson.      Thomas  Bailky  Aldruj 


FAMOUS   PATRONS   OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  T2\ 

opathist;"  in  1832  he  wrote  "Sources  of  Health;"  in  1852-3  was  associate 
editor  of  the  "  Quarterly  Hcnioiopathic  Journal."  He  edited  Epps  "  Do- 
mestic Homoeopathist,"  and  published  "  Homoeopathy  Simplified."  For  sev- 
eral years  he  had  heart  trouble  which  caused  his  sudden  death  on  januarv 
21,  1864. 

Dr.  David  Thayer  was  another  of  die  early  Boston  houKeopathists.  He 
was  born  in  Braintree.  Mass.,  July  19,  1813,  of  "  Mayflower  "  ancestors.  He 
fitted  for  college  at  Phillips  (Andover)  Academy,  and  Appleton  Academv, 
New  Ispswich,  N.  H.  Fie  graduated  at  Union  College  in  Schenectadv,  X. 
Y.,  in  1840.  Dr.  Thayer  thus  v^^ritcs :  '"  My  first  connection  with  homceopathy 
was  in  1836,  when  I  was  a  patient  of  two  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Albanv, 
N.  Y.  In  that  year  I  began  the  stud}'  of  anatomy  and  physiology  with  our 
good  Dr.  Joslin  of  New  York  .city,  then  an  allopath,  subsequently  a  homoe- 
opathic physician.  While  a  student  of  medicine  I  read  a  few  hoiiifjeopathic 
books.  In  1844  I  bought  some  homoeopathic  medicines  of  Xathanitl  C. 
Peabody,  pharmaceutist  in  Snft'olk  place.  Boston,  and  tried  them,  as  I  had 
plenty  of  time  to  experiment  and  to  observe  the  results  of  mv  treatment. 
At  this  time  I  did  not  know  of  the  existence  of  such  a  rara  avis  in  our  citv 
as  a  homoeopathic  physician,  though  there  were  several,  Gregg,  Osgood, 
Tarbell,  Hoffendahl.  I  became  so  much  a  homoeopathic  physician  without 
knowing  one  in  New  England.  I  became  acquainted  with  Tarbell,  Osgood 
and  Hoffendahl.  In  the  fall  and  winter  of  L846-7  Dr.  C.  F.  Hoffendahl 
and  I  opened  a  honicjeopathic  dispensary  in  a  room  over  Boylston  market, 
for  the  gratuitous  treatment  of  the  poor  (we  had  a  flaming  sign  which  I 
presume  may  now  be  found  in  the  attic  of  the  market).  The  first  homoeo- 
pathic doctor  I  ever  called  on  was  Dr.  John  A.  Tarbell.  I  learned  some- 
thing of  Dr.  C.  F.  Hoff'cndahl  and  humbly  sought  for  information  where  I 
could.  Was  admitted  a  member  of  the  old  homoeopathic  .fraternity  in  1845 
or  '46.  In  1847  I  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  at  its  meet- 
ing in  Boston." 

Dr.  Thayer  graduated  m  medicine  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  at 
Pittsfield.  Mass.,  in  184.3,  ^nd  at  once  began  practice  in  Boston.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  several  terms,  for  many  yeai^  a  coroner  of  Suft'olk 
county,  and  for  twenty-five  years  was  surgeon  of  the  Ancient  and  Honoralile 
Artillery  of  Boston,     He  died  December  14,  1893. 

Dr.  David  Osgood  was  a  noteworthy  figure  among  the  early  practi- 
tioners. He  had  called  on  Hahnemann  in  1839  in  Paris  with  an  old  friend, 
the  Rev.  Charles  Brooks,  but  he  at  the  time  plainly  showed  that  he  had  no 
faith  in  homoeopathy.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  taking  the  academic 
degree  in  1813,  and  the  medical  in  1816.  But  despite  his  expressed  di.sbelicf 
in  his  medical  system  during  the  visit  to  Hahnemann,  Dr.  Osgood  was  led  to 
embrace  homoeopathy  in  1846,  and  became  one  of  its  most  zealous  advocates. 
He  died  February  23,   1863. 

The  homoeopathic  directorv  of  i8.S7  Sives  the  names  of  the  practitioners 
in  Boston  at  that  time  as  follows:  L.  M.  Barker,  D.  F.  Birnstill,  Luther 
lark,  Milton  Fuller,  C.  F.  Geist,  Samuel  Gregg.  C.  F.  Hoft'endahl.  L.  Mac- 
larland,  R.  W.  Newell,  David  Osgood.  George  Rus.sell.  O.  S.  Sanders,  D.  F. 
Snndvckv.  Israel  Tisdale  Talbot,"  John  A.  tarbell.  David  Thayer.  \\'illiam 
Wcsselhoeft  and  Benjamin  H.  We.'^'t.  The  homoeonathic  physicians  in  Boston 
in  1861  numbered  16;  in  1870,  57;  1875,  74;  1882,  124:  1899,  200.  and  in 
1904,  645. 


222  HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY 

In  Plxmouth  Dr.  Robert  Capen  was  one  of  the  earliest  homoeopathic 
practitioners.  He  joined  the  fraternity  in  1842.  He  received  his  medical 
degree  at  Harvard  in  1818,  and  after  practicing  in  Stoughton  and  North 
Middleboro.  removed  to  Plymouth  in  1829,  In  1839  he  Avas  induced  by 
Mrs.  Mercy  B.  Jackson,  who  afterw^ard  became  a  practitioner  in  Boston,  to 
investigate  homoeopathy.  In  1842  he  went  to  Boston  on  account  of  approach- 
ing blindness.  In  1843  ^^^  ^^"^s  operated  on  for  cataract,  with  partial  relief, 
but  he  continued  to  study  and  in  a  measure  to  practice  until  his  death,  Novem- 
ber 6,  1853.  Mrs.  Jackson,  being  unwilling  to  return  to  allopathic  treatment, 
took  up  the  study  of  medicine  for  her  own  benefit.  She  soon  found  outside 
practice  and  after  three  years  of  gratuitous  services  she  found  it  necessary  to 
make  professional  charges.  Her  practice  extended  to  the  neighboring  towns 
of  Kingston,  Duxbury,  Carver,  Middleboro  and  Pembroke.  She  graduated 
at  the  New  England  Female  Medical  College  in  February,  i860,  and  settled 
in  Boston  the  following  May.  Dr.  Jackson  was  for  many  years  a  promi- 
nent practitioner  in  the  city.     She  died  December   13,   1877. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Tomlinson  was  for  several  years  a  lay  practitioner  in  Ply- 
mouth. Dr.  Ferdinand  Gustav  Oehme  located  there  in  1866.  He  was  born  in 
Tschopau,  Saxony,  July  27,  1826.  He  graduated  at  Leipsic  in  1852,  and  visited 
the  universities  of  Prag,  Vienna  and  Paris  in  1853.  Being  a  witness  of  the 
success  of  homoeopathy,  he  studied  its  tenets  and  openly  practiced  it  in  Dresden 
in  1854-55.  In  June,  1855,  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  located  at  Con- 
cord.    In  1872.  owing  to  ill  health,  he  went  to  Tompkinsville,  New  York. 

In  Northampton  Dr.  Charles  Walker  was  the  first  practitioner  of  homoe- 
opathy. He  was  born  in  Belchertown  in  1803,  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Hunt  of  Northampton,  and  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1828.  He  settled  in  Northampton  and  practiced  for  a  year 
and  a  half,  then  went  to  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  and  studied  homoeopathy  under  Dr. 
George  W.  Cook.  Returning  to  Northampton,  he  practiced  homoeopathy 
until  his  death,  January  17,  1855.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  H.  J.  M.  Cate, 
who  remained  until  1857,  and  then  went  to  Milford,  N.  H,  In  1870-75 
he  was  practicing  at  Amherst,  Mass.  In  1857  Dr.  Osmore  O.  Roberts,  who 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853  and 
who  had  been  in  practice  in  Milford,  N.  H.,  located  in  Northampton. 

In  Andover  the  pioneer  homoeopath  was  Dr.  Francis  H.  Clark,  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1835.  His  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  by  some  friends 
in  New  York,  and  in  1840  he  began  to  practice  it.  In  the  summer  of  1840 
he  called  on  Dr.  Gregg,  who  prepared  him  a  case  of  medicines  and  helped 
him  to  get  such  homoeopathic  books  as  had  been  published  in  English.  He 
was  at  that  time  practicing  in  Andover.  He  remained  there  but  a  few  years, 
and  in  1846  engaged  in  manufacturing  in  Ballardvaie.     He  died  in  1848. 

Dr.  E.  Bruno  De  GersdorfT  succeeded  Dr.  Clark.  He  was  born  in  Es- 
march,  Germany,  July  18,  1820,  was  educated  at  Jena,  and  graduated  in  medi- 
cine in  Leipsic  in  1846.  Political  troubles  sent  him  to  America.  Dr.  De 
Gersdorff's  father  was  a  warm  friend  of  Hahnemann,  who  had  at  one  time 
saved  young  De  Gersdorfif's  life.  He  came  to  America  in  1846.  His  first 
location  was  Bethlehem,  Penn..  where  he  remained  a  few  months.  Though 
after  the  cure  of  De  Gcrsdorfif  his  father  was  a  firm  believer  in  homoeopathy 
and  a  prover  of  several  medicines,  the  young  man,  infatuated  with  the  new 
ideas  on  the  pathology  and  physiology  of  the  time,  had  abandoned  homoe- 
opathy, but  on  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  through  the  influence  of  a  for- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  223 

mer  tutor,  Dr.  Lingen,  whom  he  met  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  Hoffendahl,  he 
was  led  to  again  adopt  the  homoeopathic  law.  Dr.  De  Gersdorff  died  in  Pleas- 
antville,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  1883.  Dr.  J.  Howarth  succeeded  him  in  practice.  Dr. 
Milton  Berry  practiced  there  for  several  years.  Dr.  J.  C.  W.  Moore  suc- 
ceeded Berry,  remaining  but  a  short  time.  Dr.  Oliver  Leech  Bradford  went 
from  Peterboro,  N.  H.,  in  1868  and  remained  there  until  1876,  when  he  located 
in  Fitchburg.  In  1882  Mary  Briggs  Harris,  Frank  B.  Kimball  and  Emma 
M.  E,  Sanborn  were  practicing  in  Andover. 

In  Roxbury  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  was  Dr.  Horace  Dwight 
Train.  He  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1846  and  in  February,  1847,  com- 
menced practice  in  Roxbury,  where  he  remained  until  1853,  when  he  went 
to  Sheffield.     He  died  April  24,  1879. 

Dr.  Albert  Lindsay  located  in  Roxbury  in  185 1.  He  was  born  in  July, 
1822,  in  Wakefield,  N.  H,  In  1846  he  became  acquainted  with  Dr.  C.  B. 
Matthews,  of  Philadelphia,  and  through  him  obtained  his  first  knowledge  of 
homoeopathy  while  living  at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  working  at  cabinet 
making".  He  was  supposed  to  have  consumption  and  was  adyised  to  try  out- 
door pursuits.  This  he  did,  and  recovered  his  health.  Dr.  F.  A.  Gordon 
urged  him  to  study  medicine,  and  he  began  to  read  with  him.  Soon  after 
he  went  to  Springfield,  where  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  G.  W.  Swazey, 
whose  niece  he  had  married.  He  attended  lectures  at  Brunswick.  Me.,  but 
graduated  at  the  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic  College  in  1851.  Ill  health  com- 
pelled him  to  remove,  and  in  1856  he  located  in  Laconia,  N.  H.,  in  the  bracing 
air  of  the  White  mountains,  where  he  practiced  until  his  death.  December  13, 
1886. 

Dr.  William  F.  Jackson  was  born  in  Brunswick,  Me. ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1846;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Payne,  of  Bath; 
graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1849;  practiced  in 
Gardner,  Me.,  until  1853,  when  he  settled  in  Roxbury,  residing  there  until 
his  death,  April  3,  1879. 

Dr.  Joseph  P.  Paine,  a  native  of  M^aine,  graduated  from  Homoeopathic 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1852:  practiced  at  Damariscotta,  Me.,  one  year; 
then  removed  to  Dedham,  Mass.,  where  he  practiced  ten  years,  and  in  1863 
located  at  Roxbury. 

Dr.  John  T.  Harris  was  born  in  Marblehead;  graduated  at  the  Homoe- 
opathic College  of  Philadelphia  in  1853;  commenced  practice  in  Taunton; 
practiced  in  Abingdon  and  East  Bridgewater.  and  then  located  in  1863  at 
Roxbury.     He  died  about  1893.  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

In  Lynn  Dr.  Daniel  A.  Johnson  was  the  pioneer  of  houKeopathy.  He 
graduated"  from  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1848.  While  attending  a  patient 
he  was  attacked  with  ship  fever  from  which  he  received  no  relief  until  of  his 
own  accord  he  applied  a  cold  water  bandage.  As  soon  as  he  could  be  removed 
he'  went  to  Nashua,  N.  H.,  where  he  received  so  much  benefit  from  the  homoe- 
opathic treatment  given  him  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Whittle  that  he  became  a  convert 
to  homreopathv.  He  opened  an  office  in  Lynn  in  1848,  and  in  1854  removed 
to  Chelsea.  Dr.  E.  P.  Eastman  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1850.  but  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  give  up  practice  in  1855.  In  1854  Dr.  John  M. 
Blaisdell  succeeded  Dr.  Johnson.  After  remaining  three  years  he  went  west, 
but  afterwards  practiced  in  Bangor,  Me.  In  1858  Dr.  Freeman  Horton 
moved  from  Weare.  N.  H.  He  died  March  3,  1861,  aged  forty-five  years. 
Drs.  B.  F.  Green  and  J.  Brown  also  practiced  in  Lynn.     In  186 1  Dr.  H.  Ahl- 


224  HISTORY  OF  H0Ma':01'ATHY 

born  went  from  Marblebead  to  Lynn,  remaining  there  until  1867,  when  he 
located  in  Boston.  Dr.  Alvin  ]\latthew  Gushing  has  been  for  many  years 
identified  with  homoeopathy  in  L.ynn.  He  was  born  in  Burke,  Vt.,  September 
28,  1820;  studied  at  Lyndon,  Vt.,  with  Dr.  Charles  B.  Darling  and  Dr.  Henry 
A.  Houghton;  attended  lectures  at  Dartmouth,  and  also  at  the  Vermont  Med- 
ical College,  Woodstock,  and  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1856.  He  located  in  Bradford,  Vt.^  being  the  first 
to  introduce  homoeopathy  in  that  town.  He  practiced  for  a  short  time  in 
Lansingburgh,  N.  Y.,  and  then  settled  in  Lynn,  where  he  is  still  in  practice. 
Drs.  J.  H.  Kimball  and  "Alartha  J.  Flanders  were  in  practice  in  Lynn  in  1870. 
Dr.  Flanders  was  born  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  January  15,  1823.     She  was  a  stu- 


Alvin   M.   Cusliing,   M,  D. 

dent  of  Dr.  Alpheus  Morrill,  and  graduated  from  the  Xew  England  Femak 
College  in  1861.  She  was  the  first  woman  practitioner  in  Concord,  where 
she  remained  two  years  ass<iciated  with  Dr.  Morrill.  She  then  located  in 
Lynn,  where  she  practiced  until  1893,  ^"^^  then  retired.  She  died  November 
3,  1898.  Dr.  Eleazer  Bowen  began  practice  in  Lynn  in  1859,  and  in  1866 
removed  to  Jersey  City. 

In  Salem  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  was  Dr.  John  H.  Floto,  a 
native  of  German  v.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Allentown  Academy  and  prac- 
ticed for  a  time  in  Pennsylvania.  He  went  to  Salem  in  1843  ^"^  remained 
there  until  i860,  when  he  went  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  located  perma- 
nently. In  \la\ .  i8;o.  Dr.  De  Gersdorfif  went  fmm  Andover  to  Salem,  re- 
maining ur.til  1868. 


HISTORY  OF  H()A[(FX)r.\Tll\-  22.^ 

Dr.  Isaac  Colby  located  in  Salem  in  the  'forties.  According  to  Dr.  Elijah 
l'.  Jones  and  Dr.  Henry  M.  Smith,  Dr.  Colby  had  practiced  allojiathv  in 
Concord,  X.  H.,  as  early  as  1839.  He  began  to 'practice  lionKTeopathv  in  Con- 
ord  in  1846.  went  to  Salem  in  1851,  and  remained  there  until  his  death  in 
1866.  In  the  list  of  members  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homcieopathv  for 
1848  is  the  name  of  Isaac  Colby.  Salem.  Mass.  He  is  mentioned  in  1855  as 
living-  in  Concord  at  that  time  and  also  in  1866.  Dr.  Colby  was  a  fellow 
..f  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  and  (-ne  who  was  tried  for  joining 
the  homoeopathists.     He  died  June  29,  1866. 

Dr.  John  Gage  Wood  was  born  at  Hollis.  X.  H..  December  2/,  1829; 
studied  in  Philadelphia  with  Dr.  William  A.  Gardiner,  and  graduated  at  the 
Homoeopathic  ]\[edical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1852.  He  "settled  in  Salem, 
first  as  partner  with  Dr.  Colby,  but  later  practiced  alone.  In  1857  his  health 
failed,  but  he  continued  active  work  until  a  few  months  before  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Philadelphia,  at  the  home  of  his  father-in-law.  Israel  \\'. 
James,  April  29.  1859. 

Dr.  Henry  C.  Angell  began  practice  in  Salem  with  Dr.  Floto  in  1853.  He 
was  born  in  Providence.  R.  I.,  in  1829;  studied  with  Dr.  A.  H.  Okie,' and 
graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853.  He  re- 
manied  in  Salem  a  few  months  and  then  went  to  Europe,  studying  in  N'ienna 
under  Wurmb  and  Caspar  for  a  year.  He  then  settled  in  Lynn,  but  in  1857 
removed  to  Boston,  which  city  he  made  his  home.  The  years  1861-63  he 
passed  in  Europe,  and,  returning  in  1864,  he  devoted  himself  to  treatment 
of  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  He  published  several  books  on  diet  and  also 
on  the  treatment  of  the  eye  and  ear. 

Dr.  Shadrach  M.  Cate  was  bom  in  Loudon,  X.  H..  October  24.  1823. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Alpheus  ^Nlorrill,  then  of 
Solon,  Ohio.  During  the  third  year  of  his  studies.  Dr.  I\Iorrill,  the  preceptor, 
became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy,  and  Dr.  Cate  also  became  a 
believer.  He  attended  the  medical  course  in  Western  Reserve  University  at 
Cleveland  in  1844-45,  was  examined  bv  the  board  of  censors  of  the  Ohio 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  and  admitted  as  a  member,  that  being  equiva- 
lent to  a  license  to  practice.  In  1845  ^""^  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr. 
Morrill,  who  had  removed  to  Columbus,  and  in  that  city  they  introduced  the 
homoeopathic  practice.  In  December,  1847,  ^^i"-  ^  a^^'  returned  to  Loudon 
and  was  the  first  to  introduce  homoeopathy  in  that  section.  In  January,  1849, 
he  married  i\lartha  J.  Messer.  In  1854  he  graduated  from  the  Western  Col- 
lege of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  Cleveland.  In  1850  be  went  to  Augusta. 
Me.,  and  in   i860  removed  to  Massachusetts  and  settled  in  Salem. 

In  1865  Dr.  Xathan  R.  Morse  removed  to  Salem  from  Reading,  and  in 
1868  Dr.  Samuel  H.  Worcester  went  there  from  Gloucester.  Dr.  Ezekiel 
Morrill  also  practiced  there  several  years.  In  1857  Drs.  Floto,  De  Gcr.sdorff. 
D.  B.  Hannan,  J.  B.  Walter  and  j.  G.  Wood  were  located  in  Salem.  Dr. 
James   M.  Cummings  also  practiced  there   from    1846  to  1850. 

Dr.  Xathan  R.  Morse  was  born  in  Sottard,  X.  H.,  b^bruary  20,  1831  ; 
graduated  at  .\niherst  College  in  1853.  After  graduation  he  taught  scIkxiI 
at  Marion,  Mass.,  and  later  was  i)rincipal  of  the  high  school  at  Holvoke, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  i860  to  become  private  tutor  in  the  families  of 
Rev.  Levi  Parks  and' I'.  A.  Tarks,  of  Ouachita.  La.  In  1861  he  returned 
north  and  entered  Harvard  Medical  School,  lie  took  the  second  course  at 
the   I'niversitv  of  \erniont.  graduating  there  in  June.    1S62.      After  spending 


221)  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

a  short  time  in  the  office  of  Dr.  j.  11.  W'oodhury  in  Boston,  he  located  at 
Reading,  Alass.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Salem,  succeeding  to  the  practice  of 
Dr.   lliram   (iove.      He   died    August   5.    1897. 

HomtEopathy  was  introduced  m  Xcwhuryport  in  April.  1842,  by  Dr. 
George  Washington  Swazey.  who  was  born  in  Exeter.  N.  H..  August  10, 
1812.  and  graduated  from  IJowdoin  Medical  School  in  1837..  He  located  at 
Harwick.  Mass..  until  1838.  when  he  went  to  Bucksport,  Me.,  remaining  there 
until  1842.  when  he  went  to  Xewburvport.  His  attention  was  called  to 
honKEopathy  by  reaiiing  !  lahiiemann's  Organon  while  attending  his  third 
course  of  lectures,  and  he  was  strengthened  in  his  belief  in  its  tenets  by  the 
unfair  criticism  with  which  homceoj^iathy  Avas  assailed  by  members  of  his  own 
school.  He  read  the  "  HomcEopathic  Examiner."  the  leading  journal  of  the 
new  school,  and  when  he  heard  that  his  old  friend  and  classmate.  Dr.  Wm. 
E.  Payne,  of  Bath,  had  decided  to  adopt  honifEopathy.  he,  too,  commenced 
its  practice.  Fully  convinced  at  last,  in  1842  he  left  Maine  and  went  to  New- 
buryport  and  announced  himself  as  a  homoeopathic  physician.  Of  course  he 
met  with  bitter  opposition.  Of  this  time  he  himself  wrote :  "  The  trials  of 
an  isolated  homoeopathist  in  those  early  days  of  our  practice  are  now  but 
seldom  encountered.  Allopathic  physicians  then  were  perhaps  no  more  an- 
gered by  our  opposition  in  their  practice  than  now.  but  their  censorship  had 
more  ett'ect.  Public  sentiment  was  then  in  leading  strings,  which  it  seems 
nearly  to  have  outgrown,  and  much  more  than  now  did  everybody  dread  the 
malediction  of  the  doctors  in  power."  Dr.  Swazey,  in  a  personal  letter, 
wrote :  "  When  I  went  to  Newbur}port  I  found  a  young  woman  there  who 
had  a  case  of  homceopathic  medicines  and  was  dispensing  them  to  her  friends." 
He  removed  to  Springfield  in  the  autumn  of  1844  and  located  permanently. 
He  w-as  a  leading  physician  of  western  Massachusetts,  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  and  active  in  society 
circles.  He  met  a  painful  and  sudden  death  September  8.  1877.  He  left 
home  one  Saturday  evening  about  nine  o'clock  to  visit  a  patient  at  Deerfield, 
and  mistaking  his  way  in  the  darkness  walked  oft  a  railroad  bridge  near  the 
denot.  falling  thirty  feet  to  the  ground  below.     He  died  an  hour  later. 

In  1845  f^'ic  liianchini.  an  Italian,  opened  an  office,  but  meeting  wdth 
much  opposition  remained  only  a  short  time.  He  afterward  lived  in  Xew 
Orleans. 

Dr.  Stephen  Madison  Gale  located  at  Xewburyport  in  the  fall  of  1850. 
He  writes  of  the  condition  previous  to  his  advent:  "  A  few  years  later  (than 
1845)  ^  young  lady  liy  the  name  of  Fludson,  who  had  read  a  good  deal  on 
the  subject  of  homceopathy.  obtained  some  medicines  and  prescribed  for  many 
of  her  friends  quite  successfully.  This  very  much  enraged  the  ])hysicians  of 
the  old  school.  A  missionary  who  had  returned  from  Africa  sick  was  for  a 
long  time  under  the  care  of  these  physicians.  He  grew  gradually  worse  and 
put  himself  under  the  care  of  Miss  Hudson.  He  became  dropsical  and  she 
cohld  not  get  one  of  them  to  tap  him.  She  succeeded  however  in  getting 
rid  of  the  water  l)y  remedies  and  he  recovered  and  returned  to  Africa.  Miss 
Hudson  left  in  184';.  much  to  the  regret  of  the  friends  of  the  new  system.  I 
came  here  in  the  fall  of  1850  from  Methuen.  where  1  had  jiracticed  the  old 
system  for  eleven  years,  f  got  my  first  impression  of  the  siii)eriority  of  the 
new  system  over  the  old  from  my  friend.  Dr.  Dc  (icrsdorfT.  who  then  prac- 
ticed in  Andover.  In  coming  here  I  met  with  a  good  deal  of  opposition  and 
I  sup])oscd  1  should.  1)111  1  have  found  a  sufficient  number  of  ])atrons  to  war- 


HISTORY  OF  HOM(J£OPATllV 


rant  me  in  remaining  at  my  post  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Since  I  came  here 
Drs.  Weidman.  W.  L.  Thompson,  J.  Harris  and  L.  ^l.  W'ilHs  have  practiced 
here  for  a  short  time,  and  left  for  better  locations.  Dr.  E.  P.  Cummings 
located  here  about  1866,  and  Dr.  David  Foss  in  1867."  Dr.  Gale  was  born 
October  20.  1809,  at  Kingston  Plains.  X.  H.  He  was  the  youngest  of  five 
sons,  all  physicians.  He  studied  medicine  with  his  uncles  and  with  his  brothers. 
Drs.  Ezra  B.  Gale,  of  Kingston,  X.  H.,  and  L.  B.  Gale,  of  Boston.  After 
attending  three  courses  at  Flarvard  Medical  School,  he  graduated  in  1837. 
He  located  at  Derry,  N.  H.,  but  in  1839  settled  at  Methuen.  Mass.  In  the 
fall  of  1850  he  located  at  Nevv'bur}port  and  at  once  began  to  practice  homoe- 
opathy. He  died  of  apoplexy,  January  26,  1882.  Dr.  E.  P.  Cummings  was 
born  at  Stratham,  X\  H.,  in  1826.  During  the  rebellion  he  was  assistant  sur- 
geon on  the  ship  Roanoke,  and  afterward  in  the  Twentv-third  Massachusetts 
infantrv.  He  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Exeter.  X.  H..  in  1858.  He  died 
April  8,  1878. 

In  Lowell  the  pioneer  homoeopath 
was  one  of  the  Allentown  coterie.  Chris- 
tian h""rederic  Geist,  who  settled  in  Low- 
ell in  1843.  r)r.  Geist  was  born  in  Hayn. 
near  the  Hartz.  Germany.  November 
19,  1805,  and  first  interested  himself 
in  homoeopathy  in  1831.  He  became 
acquainted  with  Dr.  W'ohleben,  a  Ger- 
man hom(eo]5athist.  with  whom  he 
studied.  He  prepared  remedies  himself, 
as  many  others  did  in  those  days.  At 
first  he  employed  white  wafers  prop- 
erly medicated,  and  afterward  he  used 
pellets.  Dr.  Wohleben  furnished  Geist 
with  books  and  medicines,  and  he 
came  to  America  in  1835.  In  1836  he 
went  to  Allentown  with  letters  of  in- 
troduction. At  Hering's  house  he  met 
the  teachers  and  scholars,  and  studied 
at  the  academy.  Afterward  he  spent 
some  years  with  Wesselhoeft  in  Boston, 
remaining  there  from  1840  to  184V 
He  was  then  induced  to  go  to  Lowell, 
where  he  found  a  strong  prejudice 
against  homa-opathy.  Although  he  la- 
bored under  diflficuities,  he  made  some 

brilliant  cures.  One  was  a  Mrs.  Clark,  wife  of  the  agent  of  the  Merrimac 
mills,  who  had  been  a  great  sufiferer  for  years  and  could  hardly  move  about. 
She  had  taken  much  allopathic  medicine,  but  without  relief.  After  two  months 
treatment  under  Geist,  she  was  so  much  improved  that  she  was  able  to  atten'd 
a  ball.  Of  course  this  made  manv  friends  for  homoeopath).  Dr.  Geist  did  not 
remain  long  in  Lowell,  but  in  1845  returned  to  Boston,  where  he  made  his 
home  until  his  death,  August  27,  1872. 

The  following  letter  written  in  1870  by  Dr.  Daniel  Holt,  who  succeeded 
Dr.  Geist,  furnishes  interesting  informalion  relating  to  the  early  jiractitioners 
of  homoeopathy   in    Massachusetts,    and    i^articulT-lv     in     Lowell:      "1     com- 


Geo.    W.    .S\v;>/iv.    M.    I ). 


228  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  1 

rnencccl  the  practice  of  honueopathic  medicine  in  October,  1845,  i"  Lowell. 
Dr.  Geist,  now  of  Boston,  and  Dr.  Pike,  who  died  in  Lawrence  some  ten 
years  since,  were  here  previously  a  few  months  each.  Dr.  R.  Shackford,  now  of 
Portland.  Me.,  commenced  here  at  the  same  time  as  myself.  He  remained 
here  three  years.  I  was  then  alone  most  of  the  time  for  some  ten  years 
when  Dr.  Hiram  Parker,  who  had  been  in  practice  here  since  1835.  in  large 
business,  studied  and  gradually  adopted  the  homoeopathic  principle.  He 
brought  most  of  his  patrons  into  the  new  practice  and  largely  increased  it 
among  the  people.  Before  and  after  this,  however.  Dr.  Gross,  now  of  Wis- 
consin. Dr.  A.  H.  Flanders,  and  Dr.  C.  H.  Walker,  son.  of  Dr.  Qiarles  Walker 
of  Northampton,  were  here  two  or  three  years  each.  Dr.  Walker  went  to 
Kentucky,  where  he  died.  Dr.  Harwood.  a  student  of  mine,  opened  an  of- 
fice here  about  i860.  He  was  an  accomplished  surgeon  and  went  as  assistant 
surgeon  to  the  war  and  died  in  service.  Dr.  Aaron  Walker,  another  student 
of  mine,  who  was  superintendent  of  schools  in  New  Orleans  during  the  war 
under  (icnoral  Ikitler.  a  graduate  of  Amherst  College  and  of  the  New  York 
Homceopathic  College,  opened  an  office  here  in  1868.  but  is  now  in  !\lan- 
chester.  N.  H.  Dr.  A.  Buswell  came  here  and  located  in  1866.  He  investi- 
gated the  principle  and  attended  a  course  at  the  Philadelphia  Homoeopathic 
College  and  openly  adopted  our  practice.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  military 
school  at  Woodstock,  \'t..  and  of  Dartmouth  Medical  College.  Dr.  David 
Packer,  who  had  long  been  in  some  practice  in  X'ermont.  and  also  a  Method- 
ist circuit  preacher,  graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  ^ledical  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania (1866)  and  came  here  in  1867  and  stayed  two  years;  he  is  now  lo- 
cated in  Chelsea.  Dr.  E.  H.  Packer  and  Dr.  A.  Thompson  from  the  Phila- 
delphia Homoeopathic  College  have  been  here  some  two  years  each.  Dr. 
E.  B.  HoH.  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Medical  College  and  Philadelphia  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College,  is  now  here  with  me  (son  of  Dr.  Daniel  Holt). 
Dr.  A.  E.  Aldrich,  graduate  of  Harvard  Medical  College,  located  here  last 
autumn.  Dr.  Daniel  Parker,  of  Billerica.  has  an  office  in  our  city ;  he  is 
homoeopathic  in  medicine,  but  makes  a  specialty  of  the  battery.  \\'e  think 
we  have  from  one-third  to  one-half  the  practice  in  the  city." 

Dr.  Holt  was  born  in  Hampton.  Conn..  July  2.  1810.  He  studied  at  Ash- 
ford.  Connecticut.,  at  Amherst.  Mass..  the  Yale  scientific  school,  with  his 
brother.  Dr.  Hiram  Holt  of  Pomfret.  Conn.,  and  graduated  at  the  New  Haven 
Medical  School  in  1835.  For  ten  years  he  practiced  in  Glastonbury.  He 
wrote  several  monographs,  and  being  appointed  to  write  a  paper  for  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  chose  as  his  subect  "  Homoeopathy."  that 
he  might  "  show  up  "  its  absurdities.  But  upon  studying  the  subject  his  ideas 
so  changed  that  the  paper  which  was  intended  to  prove  its  false  doctrine  was 
really  i)ublished  under  the  title  "  X'iews  of  Homoeopathy,  or  reasons  for  ex- 
amining and  admitting  it  as  a  Principle  in  Medicine."  Dr.  Holt  lost  no  time 
in  studying  under  Dr.  Skiff  of  New  Haven,  and  by  frequent  conferences  with 
Drs.  Gray.  Hull.  Joslin.  Wells  and  others  of  New  York.  After  this  publica- 
tion the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  promptly  expelled  Dr.  Holt,  upon 
which  he  moved  to  Lowell  and  liegan  the  practice  of  homoeopathv.  He  died 
April   II.   1883. 

In    1857  the  homceopathic   ])hysicians   in   Lowell   were    Drs. 
Hiram   Parker  and   Charles  \\'alker.  Jr.     In   1857  there   were   i 
1899.  15. 

The  pioneer  hom<co]iath   in    New   Bedford   was   Dr.   Manning   B.    Rcclie 


thy.     He  died 

Daniel     Holt, 
II  ;    1882.    14;  ' 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOiOPATHY 


229 


a  graduate  of  AUentown  Academy,  who  located  in  New  Bedford  in  1841, 
ooing  from  Philadelphia.  In  1847  ^^-  Fleming,  a  clergyman,  began  prac- 
tice, but  left  in  1851.  Dr.  Gustavus  FeHx  Matthes  was  born  at  Schweldt, 
Prussia,  December  31,  1809.  He  was  educated  at  Konigsburg  and  Stettin 
and  Berlin,  and  from  1832  to  1836  studied  medicine  in  Berlin  and  Halle,  at 
the  latter  taking  his  degree.  He  began  practice  in  Berlin  and  in  1840  lo- 
cated at  Scweldt.  In  1845  he  became  a  convert  to  homcEOpathy.  In  1849 
he  came  to  America  and  after  remaining  a  short  time  in  Boston  established 
himself  in  New  Bedford.     His  death  occurred  May   17,   1889. 

Dr.  Daniel  Wilder  was  born  at  Keene,  N.  H.,  April  19,  181 1.  In  1845 
he  became  a  student  of  Dr.  G.  W.  Swazey,  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  grad- 
uated from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1851.  He 
had  attended  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical 

College,   but   on   weighing   the   systems   of         ..  .. 

medicine  decided  for  homoeopathy.  He  at 
once  located  at  New  Bedford,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1869,  when  ill  health  compelled 
him  to  give  up  practice.  Later  he  lived  at 
( ireenfield,  Mass. 

Dr.  Henry  Bradford  Clarke,  son  of  Dr. 
Peleg  Clarke,  was  born  in  Cranston,  R.  1.. 
October  18,  1827.  After  an  education  at 
Brooke  Farm,  near  Boston,  and  at  a  Friends' 
boarding  school  in  Providence,  he  graduated 
at  the  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic  College 
in  1852,  and  in  May  following  settled  in 
New  Bedford.  In  1856  he  went  to  Des 
Moines,  la.,  but  within  a  year  returned  to 
New  Bedford,  where  he  remained  until  ill 
health  compelled  a  change  of  climate.  He 
died  at  Coronado  Beach,  Southern  Califor- 
nia, March  6,  1888. 

Dr.  Edward  R.  Sisson  located  at  New 
Bedford  in  1854.  He  was  born  in  Westport, 
Mass.,  September  2,  1828.  He  was  a  stu- 
dent of  Dr.  Roche,  and  a  graduate  of  the 
Berkshire  Medical  School  and  the  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1857  there  were  five  homoeopaths  in  New 
1899,  9. 

Dr.   Isaac   Fiske   introduced   homoeopathy   into   l-'all    Kiver   in    1845. 
died  lune  3,  1873. 

Dr.  lohn  Lewis  Clarke,  son  of  Peleg  Clarke,  was  born  in  Scituate.  R.  I.. 
November  30,  1812.  He  graduated  at  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1854.  andMocated  at  Fall  River.  He  died  December  24. 
1880.  In  1875  there  were  five  homoeo])athic  practitioners  in  the  city;  in  1882, 
T  ;  in  1890.  7. 

In  Taunton  Dr.  George  Barrows  was  the  first  >ettled  homrcopatlnc  i)hy- 
sician.  having  located  there  in  1846.  He  was  born  in  .\ttleborough,  Mass.. 
May  12,  181 S:  graduated  from  Amherst  College  in  1S40:  studied  medicine 
with   his  brother.  Dr.    Ira   Barrows,   then  of   Norton.     Mass.;    attended    one 


G.  F.  MatilKs.  .M.  I). 


Bedfcird  ;    in 


1875. 


18S2,    10 


Ht 


230  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

course  of  lectures  at  Woodstock.  \'t..  and  two  at  Pittsfield  (Berkshire  Medi- 
cal School),  where  he  .2:raduated  in  1847.  He  at  once  located  in  the  new 
city  of  Taunton.  In  1856  he  attended  a  course  of  lectures  in  the  Homoe- 
opathic Collesje  of  Pennsylvania,  graduating  therefrom  in  1852.  During  his  ^. 
term  at  Pittsfield.  he  read  a  paper  entitled  "What  is  Homoeopathy?"  Dur- 
ing the  thirty-one  years  of  his  active  life  he  was  associated  in  practice  with, 
and  professionally  introduced  Drs.  Samuel  \\'.  Graves,  Elijah  Utley  Jones 
and  J.  W.  Hay  ward.  He  died  of  paralysis  and  brain  fever.  January  18, 
1878.  He  was  led  to  homoeopathy  by  his  brother's  success  and  also  that  of 
Dr.  William  Peck,  of  Cincinnati. 

Dr.  Samuel  W'.  Graves  remained  in  Taunton  two  years  when  he  went 
to  Springfield,  and  afterward  to  Chicago  where  he  died  July  6.  1854.  Dr. 
Charles  Harris  was  a  graduate  of  Pittsfield  in  1847.  ^^  settled  in  Taunton 
in   1851.  remaining  a  few  years  and  then  went  to  ^^'areham.     He  was   sue- 


I 


A.  A.  Klein,  M.  D. 

ceeded  in  1855  by  bis  father.  Dr.  Handy  Harris,  who.  after  remaining  three 
years,  located  at  Yarmouth. 

Dr.  Elisha  Utlev  Jones  was  born  in  Augusta.  Me..  May  2.  1826.  and 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  and  at  Colby  University,  in  medicine  at  the 
latter  institution.  He  studied  under  Dr.  W.  P.  Jackson,  of  Gardner.  He 
graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1854.  He 
went  to  Concord.  X.  H..  as  assistant  to  Dr.  Alpheus  Morrill ;  ])racticed  at 
Dover.  X.  H..  in  1853.  3"^^  ^^y  special  request  of  Dr.  George  Barrows,  he 
went  to  Taunton  in  1854.  He  died  Xovember  25,  1893.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent physician  in  Taunton,  for  many  years  president  of  the  board  of  health, 
and  held  several  public  offices.  In  1871  he  published  in  volume  one  of  the 
"  Transactions  of  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,"  a  valu- 
able i)ai)er  on  the  '"  Early  History  of  Homoeopathy  in  Massachusetts." 

Dr.  John  T.  Harris  was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1853.  He  practiced  two  years  in  Taunton  and  then  removed  to 
East  P.ridgewater.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Abington.  and  afterward  went  to 
Roxburv.  when.'  he  died. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


231 


Dr.  Joseph  Warren  Hayward  was  born  July  ii.  1841,  at  Easton,  Mass. 
He  graduated  from  the  state  normal  school  at  Bridgewater  in  i860,  and  at- 
tended his  first  course  at  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1862-63.  He  was  then 
appointed  medical  cadet  of  the  United  States,  after  passing  an  examination 
";>y  the  army  board  in  Philadelphia.  He  served  for  one  year  in  the  general 
hospitals  in  Memphis  and  Louisville  and  then  returned  to  New  England,  tak- 
ing his  degree  in  medicine  from  the  ^^lainc  Medical  School  in  June,  1864.  He 
was  commissioned  assistant  surgeon  United  States  volunteers,  and  was  or- 
dered to  report  to  General  Butler  of  the  department  of  Virginia,  and  army 
of  the  James.  He  served  through  the  Petersburg  and  Richmond  campaigns. 
He  w^as  honorably  discharged  after  the  war  and  opened  an  office  in  New 
York   city.      The   conversation   leading   him    to   adopt   homoeopathy    occurred 


Hcin-y    K.   Clarke.    M.    D. 

while  he  was  in  Richmond.  An  allopathic  physician  of  repute,  a  member 
of  the  board  of  health,  in  his  search  for  cholera  remedies  wished  to  find 
the  one  used  by  the  homoeopathic  ph\sicians,  saying  that  in  the  two  epidemics 
which  occurred  within  his  recollection,  the  homceopathists  had  been  much 
more  successful  than  the  allopaths,  and  he  thought  they  had  "  stumbled " 
on  a  specific  for  the  disease.  In  Dr.  Hayward's  search  for  this  remedy  he 
discovered  that  it  was  the  knowledge  how  to  use  the  homeopathic  remedies 
and  the  application  of  a  right  principle  that  gave  success.  In  March,  1866, 
he  became  partner  with  Dr.   Narrows  at  Taunton. 

HomcEOpathv  was  introduced  in  Norton  by  Dr.  Ira  Barrows  in  1842. 
He  was  practicing  allopathy  when.  hapi)ening  to  call  on  Dr.  P.  P.  Wells  who 
had  then  just  commenced  the   study  and   practice  of  homoeopathy   in   Provi- 


232 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


dence,  his  attention  was  called  to  the  subject.  Dr.  Barrows  is  referred  to 
more  fully  in  the  chapter  relating  to  homoeopathy  in  Rhode  Island.  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin M.  Rounds  settled  in  Norton  in  1847,  and  practiced  there  for  many 
years. 

In  W'althani  Dr.  (jeorge  Russell  bei;an  the  i)ractice  of  homoeopathy  in 
1839  or  1840.  remaining  until  1848,  when  he  went  to  Boston.  Dr.  Russell 
was  born  in  Lincoln,  Mass..  September  23,  1795.  He  graduated  from"  Har- 
vard Medical  School  in  1820  and  located  in  Lincoln,  where  he  practiced  for 
seventeen  years  and  then  removed  to  Waltham.  a  neighboring  town.  Soon  after 
his  settlement  in  Waltham  he  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  and  adopted  it 
in  practice,  probably  a"s  early  as  1839. 
In  1845  ''•^  located  in  Boston,  where  he 
continued  in  practice  until  his  death, 
February  18,  1883.  Dr.  Russell's  busi- 
ness extended  from  ^Valtham  to  the 
towns  of  Newton.  Brighton,  Wayland. 
Lincoln  and  Cambridgeport.  He  was 
succeeded  in  Waltham  by  Dr.  W.  W. 
HebBerd,    who   joined   the    fraternity   in 

1850,  and  was  then  living  in  Waltham. 
Dr.  Thomas  B.  Wales  practiced  there 
two  or  three  years  and  then  went  to  Ran- 
dol])h.  where  he  died  February  2,  1861, 
aged  thirtv-eight  years. 

Dr.  Charles  F.  Adams  went  to  Wal- 
tham about  1850.  and  joined  the  fra- 
ternity in  185T.  In  1858  he  went  to 
Rutland.  \  t.  Dr.  C.  F.  Saunders  prac- 
ticed in  Waltham  two  or  three  years. 
He  died  January  4.  1862,  aged  twenty- 
nine.  Dr.  Edward  Worcester,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  L'niversity  of  New  York  in 

1851.  removed  from  St.  Albans,  \'t.,  to 
Waltham  in  i860,  and  has  since  resided 
in  that  city.  Dr.  Luther  Clark  has  prac- 
ticed in  Waltham  at  times  while  residing 
there  with  his  family. 

In  Woburn  Drs.  (iregg  and  Fuller  had  prcviousl\-  introduced  some 
knowledge  of  homceopathy  by  occasional  practice,  but  it  was  not  until  Sep- 
tember. 1848,  that  there  was  a  settled  homoeopathic  physician  in  that  place. 
At  that  time  Dr.  Thomas  Spencer  Scales  located  there.  He  was  born  at 
Colchester,  Conn.,  ^larch  28.  1822.  He  graduated  from  Middlebury  Col- 
lege, \'t.,  m  1843,  after  which  he  took  a  trip  to  Illinois.  He  then  returned 
east  and  studied  dentistry,  and  i:)racticed  it  at  Nashua,  N.  H.,  for  several 
years.  Deciding  to  study  medicine,  he  became  a  student  of  Dr.  Knight,  of 
Franklin.  N.  11..  attended  n^edical  lectures  in  New  York  city,  and  later  at 
Woodstock,  \'t..  where  he  oraduated  in  1848.  He  studied  hom(toi)athy  with 
Dr.  Gregg,  of  Boston,  and  then  made  Woburn  his  home  until  his  death,  June 
6.  i88i." 

Sniitl"'"^  directory  fcr  i8=;7  gives  two  honKeopathic  nlnsicians.  .S.  Alden 
and   N.   Washburn,  as  li\irig  in    Bridgewater.     Nalunn    Wasliburn    uraduated 


Elisha   J.    Jones.    M.    D. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  23?> 

from  Dartmouth  College  iu  1832.  but  became  dissatisfied  with  the  prevail- 
ing therapeutics  and  devoted  himself  to  dentistry,  locating  at  Bridgewater. 
In  1840,  reading  statements  of  the  wonderful  cures  effected  bv  honKjeopathy, 
lie  procured  a  book  and  some  remedies  to  test  the  truth  of  the  matter.  He 
Nvas  successful  in  the  treatment  of  certain  cases  of  obstinate  skin  disease, 
and  was  sent  for  from  neighboring  towns  to  try  his  remedies.  However, 
Having  satisfied  himself  of  the  truth  of  homeopathy,  he  turned  his  cases  over 
t)  Dr.  Alden.  whom  he  interested  in  homoeopathy,  and  who  finally  became 
;,  homoeopathic  practitioner.  Dr.  Alden  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  Aledi- 
ral  School  in  1824,  and  was  converted  to  homoeopathy  in  1840. 

The   first    physician    to    practice   homoeopathy    in    Concord    was    William 
( iallup.     He  was  born  in   Plainfield.   X.   H.,   August   30,    1805.      In    1826  he 
l>rgan  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  brother.  Benjamin  (iallup  of  Lebanon, 
\.  H.     He  attended  five  courses  of  medical  lec- 
tures, two  at  the  clinical  school  of  medicine  at 
Woodstock.  \'t.,  and  three  at  Dartmouth,  where 
he  graduated  in  Xovember,  1830.    In  April.  1831, 
he  began  practice  at   Plainfield.     In   September. 
1833.  he  removed  to  New  Ipswich,  and  in   1837 
\  ent  to  Concord.   Mass.     Late  in   1839.  he  met. 
I  ladv  who  had  been  subject  to  frequent  attacks 
of  enteralgia,  very  severe  in  character  and  un- 
yielding to   allopathic  treatment.      She  told  him 
of  the  good  results  from  liomtTeopathic  treatment 
and  he  decided  to  look  into  the  matter,  but  found 
it  difificult  to  obtain  means  to  experiment.     His 
professional  brethren  were  ready  with  abuse  of 
homoeopathy,  denouncing  it  as  arrant  quackery. 
He  finally  obtained   some  books  and  subscribed 
for   the    "  Homoeopathic    Examiner."      Later   he 

obtained    Hahnemann's    Organon.      Experiment  ^'^*"-  Kussdl.  M.  1). 

satisfied  him.  and  he  became  a  homoeopathist.     In 
1844  he  went  to  Bangor.   ■\Ie.,  where  he  passed  his  life. 

The  first  homceopathic  phvsician  in  Cambridge  was  Dr.  Robert  W  essel- 
hoeft,  brother  of  Dr.  William  Wesselhoeft.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Basle,  and 
came  to  America  in  1840  and  settled  in  Cambridge  in  the  summer  of  1841. 
He  practiced  there  four  vears.  In  1845  ^^^  removed  to  Boston,  and  a  year 
later  went  to  Brattleboro,  \'t..  where  he  founded  a  hydro])athic  establish- 
ment with  emploved  homoeopathic  medication. 

In  November,  1847,  Hiram  Luce  Chase  settled  in  Cambridge.  He  was 
born  in  Boston,  i\Iav  19.  1825.  and  graduated  from  Harvard  Medical  School 
in  1846.  About  the  time  of  graduating,  his  attention  was  called  to  homoe- 
opathv  and  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Samuel  Gregg  to  study  its  doctrines. 
He  settled  in  Cambridge,  joined  the  fraternity,  and  soon  built  up  a  large 
business. 

As  earlv  as  1844  Rev.  Dr.  Davis,  jirincipal  of  Westfield  Academy,  prac- 
ticed homoeopathv  as  a  lavman.  and  owing  to  his  successful  treatment  of 
some  cases  during  an  epidemic  period.  Dr.  Jehial  Abbott,  a  practicing  allo- 
pathic phvsician  of  Westfield.  was  led  to  investigate  homceopathic  teachings. 
i)r.  Abbott  was  born  in  Tolland.  Conn..  September  3.  1795.  and  graduated 
from  Yale  Medical   School.   It  is  probable  that  ho  commenced  to  investigate 


234  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

homoeopathy  about  1840.  He  joined  the  fraternity  in  1845.  ^^  passed  his 
Hfe  in  W'estfield.     His  death  occurred  September  23,   1872. 

Dr.  Charles  W.  Taylor,  the  next  practitioner  in  Westfield.  was  born  De- 
cember 26,  1820.  at  Ashburnham,  ]\Iass.  He  graduated  from  the  Western 
Homoeopathic  College  at  Cleveland  in  1853,  ^"<^1  began  practice  at  Westfield. 
He  removed  to  Maiden  in   1856,  and  from  there  to  Xewtonville. 

Dr.  Denton  George  Woodvine  was  born  at  Little  Meadley.  England, 
]\Iav  3.  1834.  His  parents  came  to  America  while  he  was  an  infant,  and 
settled  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  When  he  was  eighteen  he  went  to  Springfield,  where 
he  was  encouraged  by  Drs.  Swazey  and  Collins  to  study  medicine.  He  at- 
tended lectures  in  Philadelphia  and  received  a  diploma  from  the  eclectic 
college  there  in  1857.  He  took  the  practice  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Taylor  in  1857, 
remaining  in  Westfield  until  1866,  wdien  he  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  From  this  time  he  practiced  in  Boston.  He  died  Novem- 
ber 23,  1894.     Dr.  Frank  Mullen  located  in  Westfield  in   1866. 

In  Worcester  Dr.  Joseph  Birnstill  was  the  first  homoeopathic  practi- 
tioner, locating  there  in  1844.  He  was  born  in  Rastadt,  Baden,  Germany, 
August  9,  1809.  He  was  educated  at  the  universities  of  Frieberg  and  Heid- 
elburg,  studied  medicine  at  Wurzburg  under  Schoenlein,  and  was  converted 
to  homoeopathy  by  Dr.  Greisselich.  He  left  Germany  for  political  reasons 
in  May,  1833,  landed  in  New  York  July  10,  and  soon  after  went  to  Dunkirk, 
N.  Y.,  at  a  time  when  homoeopathy  was  unknown  in  Chautauqua  county.  He 
could  speak  only  German,  and  as  no  one  could  understand  him  he  remained 
there  but  eight  months,  then  going  to  W^estfield  in  the  same  county.  He 
gradually  acquired  a  knowledge  of  English  and  his  practice  increased  rap- 
idly. Two  years  later  he  Avent  to  Buffalo  for  a  few  months,  and  then  re- 
turned to  Westfield,  but  when  he  applied  for  membership  in  the  Chautauqua 
County  Medical  Society,  although  he  gave  ample  evidence  of  having  a  medi- 
cal degree,  he  was  rejected  because  he  was  practicing  homoeopathy.  More- 
over, he  was  liable  to  prosecution  and  fine  under  the  medical  law  of  the 
time.  His  poverty  and  foreign  birth,  with  the  ridicule  of  the  physicians, 
drove  him  away.  He  went  to  Erie,  Pa.,  in  1839,  and  thence  to  Massillon, 
O.,  where  his  health  failed.  He  then  went  to  Worcester  in  1844,  and  prac- 
ticed there  three  years.  In  1847  went  to  Boston,  and  in  1849  to  Newton 
Corners,  where  he  built  up  an  extensive  practice,  and  where  he  died  Feb- 
ruary 16.  1867,  aged  fifty-six  years.  In  1849  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  "  Quarterly  Homoeopathic  Journal." 

In  1849  I^r.  Joseph  K.  Clark,  who  had  just  graduated  from  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Worcester.  In  1855  he 
went  to  Elizabethtown.  Ohio,  and  thence  to  Louisville.  Ky. 

In  1849  Dr.  Lemuel  Bliss  Nichols  settled  in  Worcester.  He  was  born 
in  Bradford.  N.  H..  October  6,  1816.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1842,  taught  in  the  Arnold  street  grammar  school.  Providence.  R.  I.,  for 
several  years,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  A.  H.  Okie,  a  homoeopathic  physi- 
cian of  Providence,  and  graduated  at  Philadelphia  in  1848  or  1850.  He 
died  September  28.  1883.  His  son.  Dr.  Charles  L.  Nichols,  succeeded  him 
in  his  practice  and  is  still  in  Worcester. 

In  1854  Rev.  Aurin  Bugbee  located  at  Worcester.  He  claimed  to  have 
introduced  homoeopathy  into  Worcester  county,  having  settled  at  Charlton 
as  early  as  1840.  In  1856  he  attended  medical  lectures  in  Boston,  and  after- 
ward went  to  Warren,  Vt.,  where  he  died  in   1859. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  235 

Dr.  J.  E.  Linnell  succeeded  Dr.  Clark.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Amherst 
College,  and  of  the  medical  school  at  Dartmouth  in  1844.  While  in  practice 
at  East  Douglas  in  1853  he  became  interested  in  and  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  He  went  to  Worcester  in  January,  1855,  remaining  there  un- 
til 1866,  when  failing  health  caused  him  to  go  to  Norwich,  Conn.  Dr.  Will- 
iam Baker  Chamberlain  established  himself  in  W'prcester  in  1866.  He  had 
previously  practiced  in  Fitchburg.  having  come  from  Kenne,  X.  H.  He  died 
in  Worcester. 

In  1857  Drs.  Jonathan  E.  Linnell,  Lemuel  Bhss  Nichols  and  Dr.  Rosen- 
thall  were  in  practice  at  Worcester.  In  1875  there  were  six  homoeopathic 
physicians  in  the  city;  in  1882,  9;  1899,  24. 

Dr.  Mary  G.  Baker  graduated  in  1862,  and  practiced  homoeopathy  in 
Middleboro  until   1868,  when  she  went  to  Worcester. 

Dr.  Joseph  Birnstill  located  in  Newton  in  1849.  I"  1863  Dr.  Edward 
P.  Scales  settled  there.  He  was  born  in  Henniker,  N.  H..  July  17,  1831,  studied 
with  his  brother,  Dr.  Scales  of  Woburn,  and  in  1857  attended  medical  lectures 
at  Dartmouth.  In  March,  1859,  he  graduated  from  the  Cleveland  Homoe- 
pathic  College  and  began  practice  at  Norwood,  where  he  remained  until  1861. 
He  then  practiced  at  Winchester,  and  located  in  1863  at  Newton.  He  fell 
while  leaving  the  library  at  Newton,  and  died  from  the  injury  at  the  Newton 
Hospital. 

In  Egremont  Dr.  H.  D.  Chapman  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in 
1846,  remaining  until  1856,  when  he  went  to  Mrginia.  He  was  the  pioneer 
of  homoeopathy  in  Berkshire  county.  As  early  as  1840  homoeopathy  was 
planted  in  Pittslield,  and  found  its  way  within  the  walls  of  the  Berkshire 
Medical  College,  for  many  of  the  students  had  seen  the  good  effects  of  the 
little  doses ;  but  no  regular  homoeopathic  practitioner  settled  in  Pittsfield  un- 
til 1847,  when  Dr.  Van  Vleck,  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  New  York,  commenced  practice  there.  Dr.  Van  \'leck  remained 
until  1851  and  then  he  went  to  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  In  1849  Charles  Bailey 
located  in  Pittsfield.  He  was  born  in  East  Medway,  Mass.,  September  2, 
182 1,  and  was  educated  at  Brown  L^niversity.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Nathaniel  Miller,  attended  lectures  at  ^lason  Street  College.  Boston,  also  at 
the  Chelsea  Marine  Hospital,  and  in  1843  graduated  at  Berkshire  Medical- 
College.  He  began  practice  in  Springfield,  remained  there  four  years,  then 
went  to  Holyoke  for  two  and  a  half  years,  and  afterward  took  a  journey  to 
the  south.  He  stopped  at  Philadelphia  on  the  way  home  to  attend  a  course 
of  lectures  at  the  homoeopathic  college,  and  while  there  became  enthusiastic 
on  homoeopathy.  When  he  went  south  he  had  been  in  poor  health,  and  he 
regained  it  by  homoeopathic  treatment.  He  returned  to  Pittsfield  in  1849- 
50  and  commenced  the  practice  of  homceopathy.  Dr.  Harvey  CoW,  a  gra<l- 
uate  of  Berkshire  Medical  College,  practiced  from  1850  to  i^()S.  and  then 
he  went  to  Hartford,  Conn.  Dr.'  Lorenzo  Waite,  also  a  l^erkshire  graduate, 
located  in  Pittsfield  in   1857. 

In  Attleborough  Dr.  \\'.  \\\  Hebber  was  the  first  settled  homeopathic 
physician.  He  came  in  1848  and  remained  until  1850.  Dr.  Ira  Barrows  at 
Norton  had,  however,  previousl}-  practiced  in  the  town.  In  1852  Dr.  Edward 
Sanford,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  that  year,  settled  in  .Vttleborough.  In 
1854  Dr.   Tames  W.  Foster  located  at  North   Attleborough. 

The  first  homoeopathic  physician  in  Mcthucn  was  Dr.  Stephen  Madison 
Gale,    who   was   practicing  allopathy  there   at   the   time   he   a(lo])ted   the   new 


236  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

system.  In  1850  he  went  to  Newburvport.  Dr.  Arthur  J.  French  practiced 
for  a  time  at  Methuen.  Dr.  VViUiam  H.  Lougee  also  practiced  there  previous 
to  i860. 

Dr.  J.  P).  Dinsmore  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Haverhill  and  later  went 
to  Brookhn,  X.  Y.,  and  thence  to  San  Francisco.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Benjamin  Edwards  Sawyer,  who  was  born  at  Cape  Elizabeth.  Me.,  Aug- 
ust II.  181 1.  He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  ^ledical  School  in  1837,  and  lo- 
cated at  Boscawen,  X.  H.,  where  he  began  to  practice  allopathy.  In  1845 
he  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  adopted  it  in  practice. 
At  this  time  he  went  to  Concord,  then  the  center  of  an  anti-slavery  circle. 
In  1854  he  went  to  Haverhill,  locating  there  permanently.  He  died  in  Octo- 
ber,  1879. 

In  1853  Dr.  Ira  Eaton  Chase,  a  graduate  of  Wesleyan  University  in 
1850.  of  the  Berkshire  ^Medical  School  in  1852.  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  and  also  the  Jefferson  Aledical  College  in  1853.  lo- 
cated at  Haverhill.     He  was  born  at  Xewton,  X'.  H.,  June  i,  183 1. 

Although  the  residents  of  Lawrence  had  employed  homoeopathic  treat- 
ment previ(nisly,  it  was  not  until  1849  ^'""^^  its  first  practitioner.  Dr.  Jerome 
Harris,  settled  there.  In  a  letter  dated  1870,  Dr.  Harris  himself  said:  "I 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  1830,  practiced  allopathy  till  1845,  then 
adopted  homoeopathy  and  have  practiced  it  ever  since  at  Lawrence,  Alass., 
Dover,  X".  H..  X'orwich.  Conn.,  and  am  now  practicing  it  here  at  Woon- 
socket,  R.  I." 

Dr.  Harris  left  Lawrence  in  1854  to  go  to  Dover  as  successor  to  Dr.  E. 
17.  Jones.  Dr.  A.  \V.  Pike,  graduate  of  Harvard  Medical  School,  came  from 
Dover,  X.  H.,  in  1853,  and  died  in  1859.  In  1855  Dr.  Charles  Henry  Farns- 
worth,  a  graduate  of  X'ew  York  University  in  1847,  commenced  to  practice 
homoeopathy.  He  remained  until  1858  and  then  went  to  East  Cambridge. 
Dr.  Arthur  J.  French,  graduate  of  \'ermont  Medical  College  in  1848,  went 
from  ]\Iethuen  to  Lawrence  in  1857.  In  1861  Dr.  William  Hatch  Lougee 
settled  in  Lawrence.'  He  was  born  at  Hanover.  X.  H.,  February  3.  1832. 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Alpheus  IMorrill,  of  Concord,  X.  H..  attended 
Dartmouth  Medical  School  in  1855.  and  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857.  He  commenced  practice  in  !\Iethuen 
in  1857.  remaining  there  five  years  and  going  thence  to  Lawrence.  From 
1878  to  1880  he  was  in  Europe,  engaged  in  study  and  travel.  He  died  at 
Lawrence.  Xovcmber  18,   1897.     Dr.  D.  Humphrey  located  there  in  1861. 

Dr.  J.  R.  Gififord  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Lee  in  185 1.  con- 
tinuing until  his  death  in  March.  1866.  Dr.  C.  W.  Stratton  settled  in  Lee 
in  1867.  In  Stockbridge  Dr.  W.  L.  R.  Perrine  commenced  practice  in  1850, 
stayed  two  years  and  then  went  to  Hudson.  X'^.  Y. 

Dr.  H.  C.  Champlin.  a  graduate  of  Albany  Medical  College,  began  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy  in  CJtis.  Berkshire  county,  in  1851.  In  Dedham,  al- 
though Dr.  Cregg  had  been  called  into  that  town  before  any  homccopathic 
physician  was  settled  there,  it  was  in  1853  that  Dr.  Joseph  D.  Paine,  the  first 
one.  located  there  for  practice.  He  remained  ten  years  and  then  went  to 
Roxbury. 

Dr.  J.  E.  I.innell  located  at  East  Douglass  in  1854.  He  went  the  next 
year  to  \\'orcester.  and  was  followed  in  East  Douglass  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Darling. 
About    1855   ^^-    P'ennett.  of   Uxbridge.  adopted  homoeopathy. 

The  firsl  ln;ni(e()]xithic  ]:)h\'^ician   to   settle  in    MiddklxM-ough    was   Dr.   F. 


HIST()R\-  ol-    HnM(K;)I'.\'rHV 


2:j 


C.  Knight,  who  began  practice  tlicre  about  1853.  'i"*l  after  four  years  went 
to  IlHnois.  Dr.  J.  C.  Baker  succeeded  Dr.  Knight  and  practiced  in  Uxbridge 
until  liis  death  in  1865.  In  Fitchl)urg  l-.om(Teoi)athy  had  been  introduced  pre- 
\ious  to  1855,  but  it  was  not  until  that  year  that  the  first  homceopathist.  Dr. 
James  Chester  Freeland.  located  there.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  ].  C.  I'>ee- 
land.  born  in  Becket.  Mass.,  June  21,  1831.  He  studied  with  his"  father,  at- 
tended lectures  at  Pittsfield,  and  graduated  at  Western  Homoeoijathic  Medi- 
cal College  of  Cleveland  in  1862.  In  1855  be  went  with  his  father's  familv 
to  Fitchbui-g,  where,  with  the  exception  of  a  -year  with  Dr.  Chamberlain 
in  Keene.  X.  H..  he  practiced  until  his  death,  April  23,  1871. 

Dr.  Daniel  Brainard  \\hittier  was  born  in  Coffstown,  X.  H..  October 
ji,  1834.  He  studied  medicine  with  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  W.  B.  Cham- 
iKM-lain  of  Keene,  attended  lectures  at  Harvard  Medical  College  in  1859-60, 
iind  graduated  at  Xew  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  March,  1863. 
Jn  1861  he  went  to  Fitchburg  to  assist  Dr.  Freeland.  After  graduation  he 
returned  and  practiced  there  until  his  death,  April  16,  1895. 

Dr.  Oliver  Leech  Bradford  settled  in  Fitchburg  in  1877,  having  come 
there  from  Andover.  He  was  a  native  of  Francestown.  X.  H.,  born  Xo- 
vember  5,  1832.  Dr.  C.  A.  Brooks  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857  and  went  to  Clinton.  Dr.  H.  A.  \an 
Deusen  commenced  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Great  Barrington  in  1858. 
Dr.  William  Babbitt,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  X^ew  York  in  1859. 
began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Braintree  in  i860,  but  went  to  the 
war  and  was  promoted  surgeon  of  103d  U.  S.  Inf.  After  his  return  he  set- 
tled in  Randolph.  Dr.  John  Howard  Sherman  located  in  Xantucket  in  1857. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Castleton  Medical  College.  \'ermont,  in  1857.  He 
remained  in  Xantucket  four  years,  then  went  to  San  Francisco,  remaining 
four  years,  and  practiced  at  Middleboro,  ]\Iass.,  for  four  and  a  half  years. 
in  May,   1870,  he  settled  in  Lynn. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Massachusetts  previous  to  i860.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  vear  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  "  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  otiier  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  ])racticed 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 


r.osTox. 

1856 

Barker.  Lemuel   M. 

i8.=;7 

1857 

Rirnstill.  D.   K.   x 

i8s6 

1844 

Birnstill.    Joseph 

1829 

1858 

Biishnell.  William  x 

i8=;2 

18.19 

Capen,  Robert  * 

1842 

i«53 

Cross,  William   Pliimcr  * 

i860 

1840 

Clark,    Luther    * 

1847 

1858 

Cullis,   Charles 

1856 

1840 

Cutler.    William    W, 

1857 

1857 

Dennett.  George  William 

1846 

1838 

Flagg,  Josiah  Foster 

■     1853 

1841 

Fuller,   Milton  * 

1840 

18^2 

Geist,  Christian   V. 

1840 

1838 

Gregg,  Samuel   * 

1848 

1857 

Gove,  H.  X 

1840 

1844 

Hale,  Eben 

i8s8 

Hall,  L.   X 

Hernisz,   Stanislaus   x 
Hoffendahl,   Charles   Frederick 
Hoffendahl.   Herman   L.    H. 
Ingalls.  William.  Sr.  * 
Krehs,    Francis    ilugo 
Martin.  Joseph   Lloyd 
Macfarland.    Lafayette 
Newell.  R.  W.  x 
1846     Osgood,  David  * 

Palmer,    Frederick    Xiles 
Pease,  Giles 
Russell.  Cieorge  * 
Sanders.   Orrin    S.    * 
Sandicky.    D.    F. 
Sherman.    John    lii)\\ar<l 


238 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1853  ral1)ot.   Israel  'lisdale 

1843  Tarbcll.  John   Adams 

1845  Thayer.  David  * 

^^55  Weeks,  Benjamin  x 

1835  Wesselhoett,    William 


1857  Wesselhoeft,    William    Palmer 

1840  Wesselhoeft.  Robert 

1856  Wesselhoeft.    Conrad 

1857  West.  Benjamin  H.  x 
1855  Woodbury,    John    Harvey 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


1840  Abbott.  Jehiel   *   Westfield 

1840  Alden.    Samuel    *    Bridge\vater 

1S50  Adams,   Charles   F.     Waltham 

1857  Allen,  E.  C.  x  South  Hadley 

1853  Angell.    Henry  C.    "Lynn. 

1859  Babbitt.    Warren    'SI.     Randolph 

1846  Baker,  George  *  Chelsea 

1856  Baker,   Joseph   C.     Middleboro 

1848  Bailey.  Charles  *  Pittsfield 

1857  bailey,   L.    x   Pittsfield 
1845  Barrows,    George     Taunton 

1842  Barrows.   Ira  *  Norton 
i860  Berry,   Milton  *  Andover 
18J17  Bell,  Henrv  W.  *  x  Nantucket 

1858  Bellows,    Albert    J.     Roxbury 

1844  Birnstill.   Joseph      Newton    Center 

1845  Bianchini,    Dr.     New'buryport 
1852  Blaisdell,   John    M.     Lynn 
1857  Blake.  J.  x  Wrentham 

1857  Blanding,  A.  O.  x  Rehoboth 

1859  Bowen,  Eleazer  *  Lynn 
1857  Briggs,  D.  H.  x  Abingtm 
1857  Brooks,  Charles  A.     Clinton 

1852  Brown,  Josiah  *  Lynn 
1857  Brown,  'S.  O.  x  Ware 

1840  Bugbee,   Aurin    (Rev.)     Charlton 

1854  Burpee,   John   A.     Maiden 
1854  Cate,    H.  J.     Northampton 

1845  Cate,    Shadrach   M.     Lynn 

1839  Capen.  Robert  *  Plymorth 

1846  Chase,    Hiram   L.     Cambridge 

1853  Chase.  Ira  E.     Haverhill 
1846  Chapman,    H.    D.     Egremont 
....  Chisholm,    W.    R.     Greenfield 

1849  Clark,   Joseph    K.     Worcester 

1854  Clarke,   John   Lewis     Fall   River 

1852  Clarke,  Henry  B.      New  Bedford 

1840  Clarke,  Frances  H.  *  Andover 
1846  Colby,   Isaac   *   Salem 

1850  Collins,    Henry   A.     Springfielil 
1850  Cole.    Harvey     Pittsfield 

1853  Cross,   William   P.   *   Nantucket 

1856  Gushing,   Alvin   M.     Lynn 
1844  Cummings,  James  M.  *  Groton 
1859  Cummings.    E.    P.    x    Newburyport 
1846  De  Gersdorff,  Ernst  B.  *  Andover 
i8s7  Darling.  H.  H.  x  Charlton 

1844  Davis,    Rev.    Dr.    Westfield 

1843  Dean.  Amos     Easton 

1853  Dinsmore.    J.    Pitman     Haverhill 

1850  Eastman.  E.  P.  *  Lynn 

1855  Farnsworth.   Charles    H.   *   Lawrence 

1857  Fiske,   J.   X   Fall   River 

1845  Fiske.   Isaac     Fall  River 


830  Floto,  John  Henry     Salem 
8S7  Ford,   C.   x  Hyannis 

854  Foster,  J.  W.     North  Attleborough 

852  Freeland,    Chester   J.     Fitchburg 

855  Freeland.   J.   C.     Fitchburg 

848  French,   A.   J.     Methuen 
8=;7  Fritchie.  C.  F.  x  Dorchester 

841  Fuller,  Milton  *  Medford 
860  Gale,  Josiah  B.  *   Salisbury 

849  Gale,  Stephen  M.  *  Newburyport 

849  Gale,  Amory  *  East  ]\Iedway 
840  Gallup,  William  *  Concord 
843  Gardiner,   William  A.     Salem 
832  Geist.   Christian  F.     Lowell 
851  Gififord,  J.  B.     Lee 

846  Graves,    Samuel   W.     Springfield 

838  Gregg,   Samuel   *  Medford 

848  Hannam.  D.   B.  *  Beverly 
857  Harman,  D.  B.  x  Danvers 

850  Harris,  Charles  W.  *  Taunton 

856  Harris,   Handy  x  Taunton 

849  Harris,  Jerome  *  Lawrence 
^53  Harris,  John  T.     Taunton 

856  Hatch.  Horace  x  Brookline 

866  Hayward,  Joseph  W.  *  Taunton 

848  Hebberd,    W.    W.     Attleborough 

853  Hedenberg,   James       Medford 
845  Holt,   Daniel   *   Lowell 

'^55  Horton,   Freeman  *  Lynn 

857  Houatt,  J.   x  Andover 

850  Howarth.  J 

842  Ingalls,  William  *  Worcester 

839  Jackson,    Mercy  B.     Plymouth 

849  Jackson,  William  F.     Roxbury 
857  Tenks.  C.  F.  E.  x  Wareham 
848  Johnson,    Daniel    A.    *    Lynn 

856  Johnson.  O.  O.  x  Sudbiry 

854  Jones,   Elisha   Utley       Taunton 
8^7  King,  A.  x   Palmer 

S^^2  Knight,       Elam       Clark     *     Middle- 
borough 

831  Lindsay,    Albert      Roxbury 

853  Linnell,  Jonathan   E.   *  Worcester 

857  Lougee,    William    Hatch       Lawrence 
845  ^latthes.    Gustavi-s    F.    *    New    Bed- 
ford 

858  Morrill.  .  Ezekiel  x 

857  Morse,  E.  E.  x  Medway  Village 

847  Neilson,  James   C.     Charlestown 

850  Nichols,   Lemuel   Bliss     Worcester 
. .  .  Nut€,  T.  R.     Roxbury 

8^2  Paine,  Joseph  P.     Dedham 

857  Parker,   Daniel   x   Billerica 

S.^7  Parker,  Hiram  x  Lowell 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


23fl 


1840  Pfase,  Giles     Cambridge  1842 

1857  Penniman,    J.    A.     Brookfield  1840 

1850  Perrine,   W.    L.   R.     Stock1)ridge  1853 

1857  Perry,  W.   F.  x  Mansfield  1856 

1857  Pierce,   Dr.  x  Chicopee  1847 

1844  Pike,  A.  J.  Lowell  1857 
1857  Porter,  I.  X  Charlton  1847 
1857  Roberts,  J.  x  Northampton  1854 
iSys  Roberts,  Osmore  O.  Northampton  1855 
1837  Roche,   Manning      New   Bedford  1837 

1847  Rounds.  Benjamin  M.  *  Norton  1857 
1857  Rosenthal,  Gustavus  M.  x     Worces-  1853 

ter  185s 

1840  Russell,  George  *  Waltham  1857 

1855  Saunders,    Charles   F.      Waltham  1840 

1852  Sanford,  Edward     East  Attleborough  1839 

1857  Sanford,    Enoch   W.     Brookline  1856 

1845  Sawyer.    Benjamin    E.    *    Haverhill  1840 

1848  Scales,  Thomas  S.  Woburn  1857 
1859  Scales,   Edward  P.     Newton  1850 

1844  Schlegel  1839 

1845  Shackford,  Rufus  Lowell  1856 
l8;7  Shepardson,  N.  x  Adams  1857 
1854  Sisson.  Edward  R.  New  Bedford  ,1858 
1857  Spencer,  Charles  L.  x  New  Bedford  1852 
1839  Spooner,  John  P.  *  Dorchester  1857 
1857  Steen.  A.  L.  x  Foxborough  1857 
185s  Stone,    Alfred   B.     Medford 


Swazey,  George  W.  *  Ncwburyport 
Swan,  Daniel  *  Medford 
Taj^lor,  Charles  W.     Westfield 
Tomlinson,    Rev.     Plymouth 
Train,  Horace  D.     Roxbury 
Van  Deusen,  H.  A.  x  Egremont 
Van   Vleck,   Dr.     Pittsfield 
Waite,    Lorenzo     Pittsfield 
Wales,   Thomas   R.    x   Waltham 
Walker,    Charles    *    Northampton 
Walker,  Charles,  Jr.  x  Lowell 
Walker,    Charles    H.     Chelsea 
Walter,    Joseph    S.     Gloucester 
Walter,  J.  B.  x  Salem 
Washburn.  Nahum  *  Bridgewater 
Weld,  C.  M.  *  Jamaica  Plain 
West.  Benjamin  H.  x  Neponsit 
Wesselhoeft,  Robert      Cambridge 
Whitney.  J.   x   Princeton 
Wilder.    Daniel     New   Bedford 
Wild.  Charles  *     Brookline 
Wild,  Edward  A.  x  Brookline 
Wilson,  G.  H.  X  Conway 
Willis,  L.   Murray  x  Charlestown 
Wood,   John   Gage     Salem 
Woodbury.   El  well  x  Medford 
Woodvine,   Denton   G.     Westfield 


240  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


I 


CHAPTER  XI\' 

HOMOEOPATHY    IX    NEW    JERSEY. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford.  M.  D. 

Occupation  of  New  Jersey  by  Homceopaths  from  New  York  on  the  North  and  Philadel- 
phia on  the  West — The  First  Practitioners  Converts  from  the  Allopathic  Ranks — 
Dr.  Isaac  ^loreau  Ward  the  Pioneer — Early  Society  Organization — Pioneers  of 
Homoeopathy  in  the  Several  Counties  of  New  Jersey — Reminiscences  of  Prnniinent 
Early  Practitioners. 

In  the  early  outspreading  of  homoeopathy  from  the  centers  in  which  the 
new  system  first  found  an  abiding^  place  in  America,  it  is  not  surprisinfr  that 
New  Jersey  caught  the  spirit  of  the  doctrine  before  many  of  the  more  popu- 
lous states  both  of  the  east  and  the  west.  On  the  north  and  east  lay  Xew 
York  with  its  great  metropolis  separated  from  Xew  Jersey  only  by  the  Hud- 
son river ;  on  the  west  the  great  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  with  the 
metropolitan  city  of  Philadelphia  distant  from  her  borders  only  by  the  width 
of  the  Delaware ;  and  these  great  cities  at  the  titne  of  which  we  write  were 
the  chief  centers  of  homoeopathy  in  America  and  perhaps  of  the  world. 
Tradition  has  it  that  the  seed  of  homoeopathy  was  sown  in  fertile  Xew  Jer- 
sey soil  in  the  year  1838.  and  while  Dr.  Isaac  ^loreau  Ward  is  generally  con- 
ceded to  have  been  the  pioneer  of  the  new  school  within  the  bounds  of  the 
state,  he  is  not  traced  to  the  field  of  practice  there  earlier  than  1839.  but  Her- 
ing  is  credited  with  having  published  "  The  h""amily  Adviser  "  in  Camden, 
opposite  I'hiladelphia,  in  1838:  and  if  Hering  did  that  work  in  that  city  at 
the  time  indicated,  the  mference  is  fair  that  lie  also  ])reached  and  practiced 
among  the  Camden  people  the  doctrines  in  which  he  was  so  intensely  inter- 
ested. 

However  this  mav  have  been,  there  is  no  question  that  homoeopathy 
found  lodgement  in  Xew  Jersey  in  1839  or  1840,  when  Ward  became  its  exem- 
plar in  the  interior  town  of  Bloomfield,  having  acquired  his  understanding  of 
the  new  healing  art  through  the  agency  of  those  old  master  spirits  of  homoe- 
opathy— Ball,  Cray  and  Hull,  of  Xew  York  city.  The  germ  soon  grew  into 
active  organism,  and  within  the  next  half  score  of  years  the  work  of  these 
teachers,  with  the  assistance  of  another  equally  interested  coterie  in  Phila- 
delphia, found  results  in  the  achievements  of  more  than  a  dozen  zealous  prac- 
titioners in  the  state.  In  1846  the  strength  of  the  profession  was  such  that 
its  representatives  organized  a  branch  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 
opathy, and  in  1854  the  Xew  Jersey  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was 
brought  into  existence.  These  were  followed  by  (listrict,  county  and  munici- 
pal societies  and  clubs  until  the  state  was  well  provided  with  organizations 
of  the  kind,  each  of  which  has  served  a  useful  purpose  in  advancing  the  wel- 
fare of  the  school  whose  disciples  the  members  have  been.  Statistics  show 
that  in  1857  there  were  forty-six  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state:  in 
1870,  196;  1880,  200:  1899,  347-  'i'l'l  i'l   •904>  353- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  241 

THE    NEW   JERSEY   STATE   HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL   SOCIETY. 

The  first  homoeopathic  society  in  New  Jersey  was  the  New  Jersey  Branch 
of  the  .\merican  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  which  was  organized  at  Mount 
Holly,  July  20,  1846.  On  that  occasion  Dr.  J.  Richardson  Andrews  was 
chairman;  M.  J.  Rhees,  secretary;  Drs.  John  A.  Paine  and  J.  C.  Boardman, 
censors.  The  next  meeting  was  held  November  26,  1846,  when  only  Drs. 
Boardman,  Paine  and  Rhees  were  present.  The  constitution  and  by-laws  were 
published  and  promulgated  in  1846,  and  the  society  was  in  existence  in  1850, 
but  was  decadent  and  not  recognized  as  a  legally  organized  body  under  the 
laws  then  in  force.  Under  the  then  existing  statutes  any  person  practicing 
medicine  in  the  state  who  had  not  the  diploma  of  an  allopathic  college,  or  who 
had  not  been  licensed  by  an  authorized  medical  society  was  deemed  to  be 
practicing  unlawfully  and  liable  to  a  fine  of  $25  for  each  prescription,  one- 
half  of  said  fine  to  go  to  the  prosecutor;  but  in  1854  this  obnoxious  and  un- 
just law  was  repealed,  and  thereafter  homoeopathy  had  legal  rights  in  the 
state. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  Trenton,  February  13,  1855,  a  state  homoeopathic 
medical  society  was  organized,  with  officers  as  follows:  Dr.  Thomas  Lafon 
of  Newark,  president ;  Drs.  William  A.  Durrie  of  Jersey  City,  J.  R.  Andrews 
of  Camden  and  J.  C.  Boardman  of  Trenton,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  J.  B.  Pether- 
bridge  of  Trenton,  recording  secretary ;  Dr.  J.  J.  Youlin  of  Jersey  City,  pro- 
visional secretary ;  Dr.  J.  B.  Scott  of  New  Brunswick,  corresponding  secre- 
tary ;  Dr.  P.  E.  Vastine  of  Trenton,  treasurer ;  Drs.  J.  D.  Annin,  J.  D.  Moore, 
R.  M.  Wilkinson,  J.  S,  Bassett  and  R.  Titsworth,  censors.  The  society  con- 
tinued to  hold  meetings  until  1858,  after  which  there  is  no  record  of  any 
such,  though  probably  the  members  held  informal  gatherings.  On  February 
4,  1868,  a  reorganization  meeting  was  held  in  Jersey  City,  and  on  April  15 
following  the  old  society  was  revived,  with  Dr.  Youlin  president  and  Dr. 
Tompkins  secretary.  Tliis  society  was  incorporated  February  9,  1870.  under 
the  name  of  New  Jersey  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  by  which  it 
has  since  been  known.  It  holds  semi-annual  meetings  in  May  and  October 
in  different  places  in  the  state;  membership,  230.  The  society  celebrated  its 
semi-centennial  anniversary  at  Deal  Beach,  June  3-4,  1903. 

The  Western  ^District  New  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was 
organized  in  Camden,  May  19,  1869,  at  which  time  also  a  constitution  was 
adopted  and  officers  elected,  as  follows:  Dr.  D.  R.  Gardiner  of  Woodbury, 
president;  Dr.  R.  M.  Wilkinson  of  Trenton,  vice-president;  Dr.  Wallace 
McGeorge  of  Hightstown.  secretary;  Dr.  J.  G.  Streets  of  Bridgton,  treasurer; 
Drs.  W.  H.  Maline,  H.  F.  Hunt  and  Isaac  Cooper,  censors.  In  November, 
1869,  the  name  of  the  society  was  changed  to  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  and  under  that  name  was  incorporated  in  May,  1872.  It 
has  since  maintained  an  active  and  healthful  existence  and  meets  regularly 
in   Camden.     Its  membership  numbers  about  seventy-five  physicians. 

Among  the  other  homoeopathic  societies  with  which  the  state  is  well  pro- 
vided, for  our  school  of  medicine  always  has  been  strong  in  New  Jersey,  there 
may  be  mentioned  the  Homreopathic  Medical  Society  of  Camden,  organized 
in  1878;  the  Communipaw  Medical  Society,  organized  in  1886;  the  Eastern 
District  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  February  6,  1868;  the 
Essex  Countv  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  in  1885;  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  Club  of  Plainfield,  organized  in   1885  and  dissolved   in    1889; 


242  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

the  Hudson  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  March  8,  1871 ; 
Hudson  Homoeopathic  IMedico-Chirurgical  Society,  December  8,  1886;  Medi- 
cal Club  of  Northern  New  Jersey,  1882;  Newark  Homoeopathic  Medical  Un- 
ion, 1871-1885;  Newark,  Union  and  Hudson  Counties  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society ;  New  Jersey  Medical  Club,  March  29,  1869 ;  Trenton  Club  of  Homoe- 
opathic Physicians,  1888. 

The  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  which  had  its  beginning  in 
1892,  was  the  outgro-vvth  of  the  Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispen- 
sary Association,  organized  and  incorporated  February  5,  1885,  and  opened 
for  patients  March  2  following.  On  March  22,  1888,  the  institution  was  re- 
moved from  its  original  quarters  to  a  new  location  on  West  and  Stevens 
streets.  This  building  was  purchased  for  $8,cxx),  and  was  provided  with  pub- 
lic and  private  wards,  operating  room,  etc.  For  a  time  considerable  interest 
was  taken  by  the  profession  in  the  welfare  of  the  hospital,  but  later  on  there 
seemed  to  be  a  decline,  and  in  December,  1890,  the  doors  were  closed,  the 
dispensary,  however,  remaining  in  operation  and  receiving  muncipal  aid.  In 
April,  1891,  the  building  was  sold,  passing  into  the  ownership  of  the  West 
Jersey  Homoeopathic  IMedical  Society,  by  whom  the  hospital  department  was 
re-opened  in  1892.  It  is  a  good  institution,  contains  forty  beds,  and  is  sup- 
ported largely  by  voluntary  contributions. 

The  William  McKinley  Memorial  Hospital  of  Trenton,  one  of  the  most 
\vorthy  charities  of  that  city,  formerly  under  strict  homoeopathic  direction 
but  now  open  to  physicians  of  both  schools,  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  still 
older  Trenton  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  the  latter  dating  its  history  from  its 
dedication,  June  6,  1889,  and  its  formal  opening,  November  i  following.  The 
older  institution  and  its  training  school  for  fiurses  were  maintained  until 
1902,  and  then  re-incorporated  under  the  name  of  The  William  McKinley 
Memorial  Hospital.  The  hospital  has  seventy-five  beds :  value  of  property, 
$75,000. 

St.  INlary's  Homoeopathic  Hospital  in  Passaic  was  incorporated  in  1895 
and  opened  for  patients  during  the  same  year,  and  then  was  an  allopathic 
institution,  supported  by  vohyitary  contributions.  Its  medical  supervision 
passed  under  homoeopathic  control  in   1899. 

The  Passaic  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  opened  October  27,  1897.  The 
first  staff  of  physicians  and  surgeons  was  chosen  from  the  ranks  of  the  allo- 
pathic profession,  but  in  1898  this  regulation  was  modified. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Essex  county,  in  Roseville,  was  incor- 
porated in  1903  by  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  Association.  It  was  opened 
for  patients,  jNIarch  28,  1903. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Isaac  Moreau  W^ard  was  the  first  resident  practitioner  of  homoe- 
opathy in  the  state.  He  became  interested  in  the  new  system  in  1839  or  1840. 
He  was  born  in  Bloomfield.  N.  J.,  October  23,  1806,  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1825,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Hosack  and  graduated  from  Rut- 
ger's  College  in  1829.  He  located  in  Newark  and  soon  established  a  large 
practice.  In  1832  when  the  cholera  appeared  in  New  York  he  was  chosen 
lay  the  state  and  county  societies  to  investigate  the  character  of  the  plague  and 
note  the  comparative  effects  of  different  remedial  agents.  He  saw  homoe- 
opathv  and  allopathy  tried  side  by  side  in  the  Park  Hospital,  and  the  superior 
advantages   of  homoeopathy  there   demonstrated.     Then   he   met   Dr.   Alonzo 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


243 


S.  Ball  of  New  York  at  a  religious  meeting  in  Newark,  and  invited  liim 
to  dinner,  and  the  conversation  turning  on  homoeopathy,  he  learned  that  Ball 
had  adopted  its  practice  and  obtained  from  him  a  few  remedies  vvitli  which 
to  experiment  in  certain  cases.  Without  mentioning  to  his  patients  that  he 
had  made  any  change  in  his  school  of  medicine,  his  success  was  so  great  with 
the  homoeopathic  remedies  that  he  adopted  them  and  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  In  1841  he  was  induced  to  go  to  Albany,  N.  Y.,  by  Drs.  Gray, 
Hull  and  Ball.  He  practiced  there  until  1849,  when  on  account  of  his  health 
he  retired  to  a  home  near  Newark,  giving  his  time  to  horticulture.  After 
several  years  he  again  began  practice.  From  1853  to  i860  he  held  chairs 
in  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.     In    i860  he  became 


(u<.r-c    W.   Richards,   M.   D. 

one  of  the  founders  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  and 
for  a  time  was  its  dean  and  professor  of  obstetrics.  He  then  retired  to  his 
country  home  at  Lyons  farm,  where  he  practiced  only  among  friends  and 
neighbors  until  his  death,  which  occurred  March  24,  1895. 

Another  of  the  early  practitioners  of  Newark  was  Dr.  Jonathan  Dicken- 
son Annin.  He  was  born  at  Libertv  Corner,  N.  J.,  November  26,  1806.  He 
attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York, 
but  the  date  of  his  graduation  is  not  known.  He  commenced  practice  at  Irv- 
ington,  N.  J.,  and  afterward  removed  to  Newark.  In  ^1840  he  married  Eleanor 
Mead.'  Some  time  after  1840  he  began  to  question  the  superiority  of  the 
allopathic  practice,  and  after  experimenting  began  to  regularly  practice  homoe- 
opathy.    He  became  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 


244  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

1846.  The  last  few  years  of  his  hfe  were  marked  by  extreme  weakness  and 
debihty.    He  died  at  the  Sheldon  house,  Ocean  Grove,  September  26,  1883. 

Dr.  Thomas  Lafon  was  practicing-  homoeopathy  in  Newark  in  1847.  He 
was  born  in  Chesterfield  county,  Va.,  in  1802.  In  1805  he  entered  the  medi- 
cal department  of  Transylvania  University,  graduating  therefrom.  Two 
years  later  he  became  interested  in  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions, 
and  volunteered  to  go  as  medical  missionary  to  the  Sandwich  islands.  For 
seven  years  he  labored  there  both  as  doctor  and  spiritual  teacher.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  the  ill  health  of  his  wife,  and  the  condition  of  his  eyes,  com- 
pelled his  return  to  the  United  States.  After  a  few  months  of  rest  he  at- 
tended a  course  of  lectures  in  the  Philadelphia  ^Medical  College.  In  1846  he 
opened  an  office  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  and  while  there  began  to  investigate  the 
claims  of  homoeopathy.  He  soon  became  satisfied  of  its  truth  and  openly 
avowed  and  adopted  it.  Dr.  Lafon  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Passaic 
countv.  In  1847  '""^  removed  to  Newark  where,  despite  most  bitter  opposi- 
tion bv  the  allopathic  society,  he  built  up  a  large  practice.  Suddenly,  while 
at  the  bedside  of  a  patient,  lie  was  stricken  with  apoplexv  and  died  on  March 
20.  1876.  In  1857  Drs.  J.  D.  Annin,  T.  Lafon,  I.  M.  Ward,  C.  H.  Liebold 
and  J.  B.  Scott  were  practicing  in  Newark.  In  1875  there  w^ere  29  homoe- 
opathy practitioners  there;  in  1880,  25;  in  1899,  33. 

Dr.  George  W.  Richards  opened  an  office  in  Orange  about  i860.  Dr. 
E.  Caspari  was  in  practice  there  as  early  as  1857.  Dr.  Richards  graduated 
from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  'of  New  York  in  1853,  spent 
some  time  abroad,  and  on  his  return  located  in  New  York  city.  After  a  few 
years  he  went  to  Newark,  where  he  became  a  partner  with  Dr.  Lafon  and 
opened  an  office  in  Orange,  establishing  the  first  homoeopathic  dispensary  in 
the  state.  A  year  later  the  partnership  v.-as  dissolved  and  he  went  to  Orange 
to  live.    He  died  ]\Iay  2,  1893. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Burlington  county  in  1840  by  Dr.  R. 
S.  Middleton,  who  located  at  Burlington  city.  He  remained  there  until  1855 
when  he  went  to  Philadelphia.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 
pathy  in  1847.  ^^-  Plumphrey  went  from  Philadelphia  to  Burlington  after 
he  had  retired  from  practice  and  he  exercised  an  influence  favorable  to  homoe- 
opathy. He  afterward  went  to  Beverly,  where  he  died.  In  1857  Drs.  John 
D.  Moore  and  Edward  M.  Smith  were  m  practice  in  Burlington.  Dr.  INIoore 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  March  7,  1802.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
James  McClintock,  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  and  two  courses  at  the  Pennsylvania  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1847.  Jfn  1849  he  became  interested  in  homoeopathy.  He  practiced  for 
several  years  in  Newtown.  Pa.,  but  about  1853  located  in  Burlington,  where 
he  died  September  20,  1867.  One  who  knew  him  said  he  was  a  man  who 
would  weigh  upwards  of  two  hundred.  The  boys  called  him  "Powwow 
Moore  "  on  account  of  his  devotion  to  homoeopathy.  When  he  was  taken 
with  his  last  illness  Dr.  Gant,  an  allopathic  physician,  called  and  asked 
his  wife  if  he  might  see  him.  Dr.  Moore  sent  word  that  the  doctor  could  visit 
him  as  a  friend  but  not  as  a  physician.  Dr.  Gant  said  he  had  come  as  a 
physician  and  urged  to  be  allowed  to  prescribe  for  him,  saying  that  he  would 
die  if  he  continued  to  take  homoeopathic  medicine.  Dr.  Moore  would  not 
see  him  and  Dr.  Gant  afterward  said  that  he  died  because  he  would  not  give 
up  homoeopathy. 

Dr.  Alexander  Kirkpatrick  afterward  practiced  in  Burlington.     In   1875 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  245 

Drs.  Charles  R.  Cloud  and  Alexander  Kirkpatrick  were  in  that  city,  and  from 
1880  to  1899  Drs.  J.  P.  Shreve  and  Eugene  F.  Rink  practiced  there. 

Dr.  Morgan  John  Rhees  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Mount  Holly  in 
1846.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  July  15,  1824.  His  parents  had  become 
converted  to  homoeopathy  about  1834  under  the  treatment  of  Dr.  George  H. 
Bute.  Young  Rhees,  in  deference  to  his  mother's  wishes,  decided  to  become 
a  physician,  and  during  the  winter  of  1842-43  studied  the  German  language. 
In  April,  1843,  he  went  to  Nazareth,  the  home  of  Bute,  and  entered  his  of- 
fice as  a  student  of  homoeopathy.  He  read  the  works  of  Hahnemann  in  the 
German  during  the  summer,  in  the  fall  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College 
of  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in  1846.  In  April  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  homoeopathy  in  INIount  Holly.  In  June  of  the  same  year  he  went  to 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  Philadelphia,  be- 
coming a  member.  On  his  return  home  he  issued  invitations  to  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  in  New  Jersey,  and  as  a  result  the  New  Jersey  branch  of  the  insti- 
tute was  formed.  Drs.  Middleton  of  Burlington,  Andrews  of  Camden  and 
Boardman  of  Trenton  met  in  Dr.  Rhees'  office  and  adopted  a  constitution 
and  by-laws  and  elected  oflficers.  Dr.  Rhees  was  chosen  secretary,  and  also 
delegate  to  the  1847  meeting  of  the  institute.  In  1849,  although  he  had  built 
up  a  large  practice  in  Mount  Holly,  he  was  seized  with  the  gold  fever  and 
went  to  California,  via  Cape  Horn.  After  a  varied  experience  of  six  years 
he  returned  to  Mount  Holly,  and  in  October,  1855,  resumed  professional 
work.  In  April,  1868,  he  sold  his  practice  and  retired  to  a  farm  where  in 
sixteen  months  he  lost  his  property  and  was  again  compelled  to  return  to  his 
profession.  In  November,  1869.  he  went  to  Hollidaysburg,  Pa.  During  his 
residence  in  California,  he  practiced  medicine  at  times  and  was  physician  to 
a  homoeopathic  hospital.  In  1853  he  married  Charlotte  L.  Head,  formerly 
of  Boston,  Mass.  He  also  became  a  member  of  the  central  bureau  of  the 
institute.  In  1873  he  went  to  Newtonville,  Mass.,  and  five  years  later  re- 
moved to  Wheeling,  West  Va.,  where  he  died,  March  26,  1890. 

Another  pioneer  was  Dr.  Walter  Ward,  who  settled  in  Alount  Holly  in 
1849.  He  was  born  in  Keene,  N.  H.,  January  7,  1816.  He  was  educated  at 
Ipswich  Academv,  and  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Gal- 
lup of  that  place.'  He  also  spent  a  year  in  the  office  of  Drs.  Smith  and  Batch- 
eiler  of  Massachusetts.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  and 
then  at  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in 
1840.  Having  heard  much  of  the  new  system  of  homoeopathy  and  liavmg 
witnessed  some  remarkable  cures,  he  decided  to  investigate  it  for  himself. 
He  therefore  placed  himself  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  Jeanes  of  Philadelphia, 
and  was  soon  led  to  adopt  the  new  system.  He  joined  the  institute  m  1846. 
While  Dr.  Ward  was  located  in  Philadelphia  he  became  professor  of  phvsiol- 
ogv  at  the  first  session  of  the  newly  established  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
leg'e  of  Pennsylvania,  and  signed  the  diplomas  of  the  first  class.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah  Groves  of  Philadelphia.  He  remained  in  Mount  Holly  until  his 
death.  March  29,   1888. 

Drs.  Rhees  and  Ward  were  the  onlv  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Mount 
Holly  until  i860.  Drs.  E.  K.  Bancroft  and  Walter  Ward  were  there  from 
1875'  to  1880.  Dr.  Bancroft  was  a  graduate  of  the  ,?Tomoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1865.  In  1886  Drs.  Samuel  Caley  and  Willett 
W.  Whitehead,  and  in  1899  Drs.   Tohn  W.  Branin.  Samuel  Carey.  Oscar  L. 


240 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


Grumbrecht,  W.  W.  Whitehead  and  George  U.  Yan  Derveer  were  in  practice 
in  Mt.  Holly. 

Dr.  Ross  M.  Wilkinson  located  at  Bordentown  about  1856.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  institute  in  1853.  Dr.  David  E.  Gardiner  located  at  Borden- 
town about  1859.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Dr.  William  Gardiner  and  the 
nephew  of  Dr.  Richard  Gardiner,  with  the  latter  of  whom  he  studied  medi- 
cine. He  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1857,  ^"^1  settled  in  Manayunk.  removing  in  1858  to  Bordentown, 
where  he  practiced  twenty-one  years.  He  then  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death,  July  10,  1890.  Dr.  Rufus  Sargent  com- 
menced the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Bordentown  in   1852,  remained  there 


DaniL'l  R.  Gardiner,  M.  D. 


until  1857  and  then  went  to  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Levi  D.  Tebo  graduated  from 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1873,  and  settled  at  Bor- 
dentown. In  1886  he  was  the  only  homoeopathist  there.  Dr.  Edward  E. 
French  settled  there  in  1888.  having  graduated  in  1887  from  Hahnemann 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Daniel  R.  Gardiner  located  at  IMoorestown  about  1855.  He  was 
born  in  Pottsville,  Pa.,  October  21,  1828,  and  completed  an  academic  course 
in  Hamilton  College,  New  York  state ;  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in 
1846;  attended  two  courses  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  graduated  at 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1849.  He  practiced  for 
some  time  in  Philadelphia,  removing  thence  to  Moorestown  in  1855,  where 
he  was  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy.  After  a  few  years  he  went  to  Smyrna, 
Del.,  where  again  he  introduced  homoeopathy.     From  there  he  went  to  Wood- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


24" 


bury  in  1S62.  In  1871,  on  account  of  failing;  health,  he  sold  his  practice  to 
Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge,  and  in  November  went  to  Pottsville,  Pa.  In  1875 
he  returned  to  Woodbury  and  associated  with  Dr.  McGeorge.  Dr.  Gardiner 
died  at  Woodbury,  June  30,  1889. 

Dr.  George  Bolton  L.  Clay  took  Dr.  Gardiner's  place  at  Moorestown  in 
1858.  He  was  a  graduate  in  1853  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania,  but  previously  practiced  in  Manayunk,  Pa.  He  remained  in 
Moorestown  until  his  death  in  1898.  Dr.  Pusey  Wilson,  a  native  of  Dela- 
ware and  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1862.  located  in  Moorestown  previous  to  1866,  and  practiced  there  until 
his  death,  May  20,  1900.     Dr.  Alfred  Matson  also  practiced  at  Moorestown. 


Bowman    II.    Shivers,    M.    D. 


Dr.  Bowman  Henry  Shivers  settled  in  Marlton  in  1858.  lie  was  born 
at  Haddonfield,  July  6,  1836.  He  studied  allopathic  medicine  for  two  years 
when,  becoming  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy,  he  commenced  its 
study  with  Dr.  Julius  Holterholf.  in  Marlton.  After  attending  four  courses 
at  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  University,  he  graduated  in  April,  1858.  He 
then  went  to^  Marlton,  taking  the  practice  of  Dr.  Holterholf,  who  removed 
to  Morristown.  In  1862  ill  health  caused  him  to  remove  to  Philadelphia,  but 
in  a  few  months  he  resumed  practice  in  Marlton,  where  he  remained  until 
August,  1864,  when  he  went  to  Haddonfield.  Dr.  E.  V.  Sharp  also  prac- 
ticed at  ]\Iarlton. 

In  1870  Dr.  Thomas  Peacock  settled  in  Medford,  but  in  a  year  or  two 
went  to  Philadelphia  where  he  has  since  practiced.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Homoeopathic  College  of  Pennsylvania,  class  of  1868.     Dr.  Wilson  succeeded 


248  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

him  in  Medford,  and  Dr.  George  U.  Van  Derveer  located  there  about  1874, 
after  graduating  from  Hahnemann  ^ledical  College  of  Philadelphia  in   1873. 

Dr.  Coy  practiced  in  Pemberton,  and  Drs.  J.  G.  L.  Whitehead  and  Joseph 
A.  Moke  at  Crosswicks.  Dr.  James  V.  Roberts  and  Dr.  Joseph  J.  Curry  are 
at  Beverly ;  Dr.  N,  T.  Chafifee  at  Chesterfield ;  Dr.  Geo.  W.  H.  and  Dr.  Laura 
A.  Calver  at  Columbus,  and  Dr.  Harry  K.  Weller  at  Delanco  Dr.  White- 
head was  a  Philadelphian.     He  died  at  Crosswicks,  June  30,  1901. 

In  1875  there  were  but  14  homoeopathists  in  Burlington  county;  in  1899, 
26. 

In  Passaic  county  homoeopathy  gained  a  foothold  before  1840  through 
the  visits  of  physicians  from  New  York.  After  1840  Dr.  Stephen  R.  Kirby 
of  New  York  established  a  regular  practice  in  this  county,  giving  to  it  a  cer- 
tain part  of  his  time.  The  first  resident  physician  was  Dr.  Thomas  Lafon, 
who  was  for  a  time  in  Paterson.  In  1845  Dr.  Joseph  B.  Petherbridge  lo- 
cated at  Paterson.  His  name  appears  in  the  list  of  members  for  1848  as  si  ill 
at  Paterson.  In  1850  his  letters  to  the  institute  from  the  New  Jersey  branch 
are  dated  from  Trenton,  in  which  city  he  took  up  his  residence  in  1851. 

In  1848  Dr.  R.  G.  Belt,  from  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  located  in  Paterson  and 
remained  there  until  1852,  when  he  went  to  Milford,  Mass.  In  1854  his 
address  was  Woonsocket.  He  was  succeeded  in  Paterson  by  Dr.  John  S. 
Bassett,  who  remained  until  1861,  when  he  went  to  New  York.  Since  1861 
Drs.  E.  Nott.  McPherson,  Porter  S.  Kinne,  Theodore  Y.  Kinne  and  David 
Neer  have  practiced  there.  In  1857  there  was  but  one  homoeopathic  physi- 
cian in  Paterson  ;  in  1899  there  were  eleven. 

In  1875  Dr.  Jacob  R.  Gedney  was  at  Little  Falls,  and  Drs.  John  Not- 
tingham and  Norton  C.  Ricardo  at  Passaic.  In  1899  there  were  at  Passaic 
Drs.  Charles  A  Church,  Edwin  De  Baun,  Alfred  C.  Pedrick  and  Norton 
C.  Ricardo. 

Camden  county  was  visited  by  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  Philadel- 
phia as  early  as  1838.  The  first  resident  physician,  however,  was  Dr.  John 
R.  Andrews,  who  began  practice  there  in  1841.  He  was  an  allopathic  grad- 
uate, and  was  well  supported  by  his  friends,  but  after  two  years  he  went  to 
Wilmington,  Delaware.  He  remained  there  a  short  time  and  was  induced 
by  his  patrons  in  Camden  to  return.  His  practice  grew  rapidly  and  he  con- 
tmued  there  until  his  death,  February  19,  1864,  at  the  age  of  forty-six  years. 
He  joined  the  institute  in  1846. 

Dr.  Henry  Francis  Hunt  succeeded  Dr.  Andrews.  He  was  born  in 
Cranston,  R.  I.,  March  28,  1838.  He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Howell,  an  allopathic  physician  at  Aurora,  Ills.,  where  he  (Hunt)  was 
engaged  in  teaching.  He  remained  there  two  years,  then  returned  east  and 
took  two  courses  of  lectures  at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  New 
York.  MHiile  he  was  with  Dr.  Howell  he  had  seen  in  a  severe  epidemic  of 
diphtheria  the  successful  results  of  homoeopathic  treatment,  and  he  resolved 
to  investigate  its  methods.  He  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Okie  in  Providence, 
and  attended  two  courses  of  lectures  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  in  1864.  Dr.  Hunt  at  once  took  the 
place  in  Camden  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Andrews.  He  was  an 
influential  practitioner  there  until  his  death,  which  occurred  while  he  was 
visiting  Providence,  October  3,  1895.     ^e  joined  the  institute  in  1867. 

In  1857  Drs.  J.  R.  Andrews,  S.  Carels  and  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  were  prac- 
ticing homoeopathy   in  Camden.     In    1875   Drs.   Purnell   \\'.   Andrews,  James 


HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY  249 

H.  Austin,  Thomas  R.  Blackwood,  J.  K.  Bryant,  Samuel  Cards,  C.  J.  Cooper, 
Wm.  H.  Crow,  Henry  F.  Hunt,  Melbourne  F.  Middleton,  Geo.  S.  F.  Pfeifferl 
Silas  H.  Quint  and  H,  K.  Stewart  were  in  practice  there. 

Dr.  Samuel  Carels  was  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1838,  and  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1855.  The  name  Carles  is  given  in  Smith's  "  Homoeopathic  Direct- 
ory "  (1857)  and  in  Godfrey's  "History  of  the  Medical  Profession  in  Cam- 
den County,"  but  in  the  catalogue  of  graduates  of  Jefferson  Medical  College 
and  also  in  that  of  the  HomcEopathic  Medical  College,  the  name  is  Carels. 

Dr.  George  S.  F.  Pfeift'er  was  a  native  of  Wurms,  Germany,  born  in 
1806,  and  came  to  America  in  1833.  While  a  student  at  Strasburg  he  en- 
tered the  Holland  navy  as  medical  cadet.  In  1825  while  cruising  off  the 
coast  of  Algiers,  he  with  a  number  of  shipmates  made  an  inland  trip  and  was 
captured  by  Bedouins,  and  retained  a  prisoner  until  1830,  when  the  French 
captured  Algiers.  He  then  entered  the  French  army,  remaining  six  months, 
when  he  was  permitted  to  return  to  Germany  to  complete  his  medical  studies. 
In  1833  he  came  to  America,  and  in  1854  located  in  Camden.  In  1856  he 
graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and  soon 
afterward  accepted  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice  in  Penn  Medical  Uni- 
versity of  Philadelphia,  which  he  retained  until  1864,  when  he  became  as- 
sistant surgeon  of  the  i86th  regiment,  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  He  was 
mustered  out  of  service  in  1865  and  returned  to  Camden.  He  was  con- 
versant with  eight  languages.     He  died  in   November,    1883. 

Dr.  Thomas  R.  Blackwood  was  born  in  Moorestown,  July  30,  1835. 
He  graduated  from  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1870, 
practiced  for  one  summer  in  Atlantic  City,  and  then  located  in  Camden,  con- 
tinuing there  until  his  death,  July  30,   1895. 

Dr.  John  Hayden  Austin  was  born  in  Trenton,  July  24,  1842,  gradu- 
ated from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1864,  and  served  as  assistant 
surgeon  in  U.  S.  navy  under  Farragut.  While  in  Philadelphia  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1865,  ^16  became  an  interested  witness  of  the  success  of  the  homoe- 
opathic treatment  of  typhoid  fever.  Entering  practice  soon  after  in  New 
Jersey,  he  sought  every  means  to  practically  test  the  truth  of  the  system 
until  he  was  compelled  to  adopt  it  as  the  true  method  of  practice.  In  1868. 
he  located  in  Camden. 

Dr.  B.  W.  Blackwood,  of  Haddonfield,  an  allopathic  physician,  em- 
braced homoeopathy  in  1855  and  practiced  it  until  his  death  in  1866.  Dr.  B. 
H.  Shivers  located  in  Fladdonfield  in   1864. 

In  Berlin  Drs.  S.  Shivers  and  S.  H.  Johnston  were  in  practice  in  1875, 
and  Dr.  Richard  Gardiner,  Jr.,  at  Gloucester.  Drs.  Wm.  L.  Delap  and 
Seaver  C.  Ross  were  at  Gloucester  in  1899,  and  Dr.  Edgar  B.  Sharp  was  then 
at  Berlin.  Dr.  Joseph  Shreve  settled  in  Berlin  in  1866  and  afterward  lo- 
cated at  Haddonfield.     He  also  practiced  at   Burlington. 

The  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Mercer  county  was  Dr.  Joseph  Canfield 
Boardman,  who  introduced  it  into  Trenton  in  1845.  Dr.  Boardman  was  born 
in  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  May  4,  1813.  He  graduated  at  Westfield  Academy, 
Westfield,  Mass.,  and  afterward  devoted  several  years  to  teaching  in  Penn- 
sylvania. He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Neff  at  Lancaster,  attended  lec- 
tures at  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  and  later  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  in  1844.  The  next  year  he  located  in 
Trenton.     He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 


250 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHS 


opathy  in  1844,  and  was  active  at  the  s£cond  meeting  in  New  York,  in  1845. 
It  is "  said  that  he  was  in  practice  in  New  York  when  the  institute  was 
founded,  which  was  previous  to  his  advent  in  Trenton.  He  remained  in 
that  city  with  the  exception  cf  short  intervals  of  practice  in  Brooklyn,  Balti- 
more and  New  York,  until  his  death,  Julv  26,  1896. 

Dr.  Charles  Gottleib  Raue,  after  graduating  from  the  Philadelphia  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  in  1852,  commenced  practice  in  Trenton,  where  he  remained 
until  1858.  Dr.  Boardman  was  ill  at  the  time  and  unable  to  practice  and 
Dr.  Raue  attended  to  his  business  and  also  that  of  another  doctor.  In  1857 
Drs.  Boardman.  Raue  and  Yastine  were  located  there.  Peter  E.  Vastine,  of 
Baltimore,    went   to   Trenton    in    1851,    joining   the    institute   the    same    year. 


I 


Jos.   C.   Boardman,   ]\r.   D. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1838,  and  originally  was 
an  allopathic  practitioner.  In  1875  there  were  located  at  Trenton  Drs.  Allen, 
Boardman,  Cooper,  Grover,  Compton,  Wilkinson  and  Worthington.  Dr. 
Samuel  E.  Allen  was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1869,  ^^^  joined  the  institute  in  1871.  He  located  at  Tren- 
ton after  graduation.  Cornelius  B.  Compton  graduated  from  the  same  col- 
lege in  1854;  Isaac  Cooper  graduated  from  the  same  college  in  1868  and 
went  to  Mullica  Hill,  going  in  1870  to  Frenchtown,  Hunterdon  county,  and 
a  little  later  to  Trenton,  where  he  still  remains.  Ross  M.  Wilkinson  gradu- 
ated from  the  old  Philadelphia  college  in  1853,  and  located  in  Bordentown. 
The  date  of  his  advent  in  Trenton  is  not  known.  Anthony  H.  Worthington 
graduated  from  the  same  institution  in  i860.  George  Thompson  was  in 
Trenton  in  1880.  He  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia in  1877.  In  1857  there  were  three  homoeopathic  practitioners  in 
Trenton;  in  1875,  seven;  in  1880,  seven;  in  1899,  sixteen. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  2:a 

In  1875  Drs.  Joseph  J.  Currie  and  Joseph  P.  Johnson  were  located  at 
Kightstown.  Dr.  Currie  was  born  at  Carpenter's  Landing,  Gloucester 
county,  September  10,  1836;  studied  with  Dr.  Gardner  at  Woodbury;  gradu- 
ated at  Philadelphia  in  1866;  settled  at  Glassboro,  Gloucester  county,  and 
remained  there  six  months.  He  then  went  to  Flemington,  Hunterdon  county, 
where  he  practiced  five  years.  He  next  located  at  Hightstown.  In  1880  he 
was  practicing  in  Columbus,  Burlington  county,  and  later  located  in  Beverly, 
where  he  is  still  in  practice.  Dr.  Joseph  Price  Johnson  was  born  in  Chester 
county,  Pa.,  January  25,  1840;  took  his  degree  in  medicine  in  Philadelphia 
in  1867 ;  began  practice  in  Lancaster  county ;  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
thence  in  1870  to  Hightstown. 

•     In  1875  Dr.  D.  W.  Sexton  was  located  at  Princeton,  Dr.  J.  A.  Miller  at 
Hopewell,  and  Dr.  Joseph  J.  Whittington  at  Windsor. 

Dr.  Owen  Beverly  Cause  practiced  at  Trenton  from  the  time  of  his 
graduation  in  1857  until  1862,  when  he  located  in,  Philadelphia.  Drs.  Jo- 
sephus  Gunning,  J.  B.  Petherbridge,  Record,  and  E.  H.  Trego  also  practiced 
in  Trenton.     Dr.  E.  Bentley  Hall  was  for  a  time  located  at  Hightstown. 

Hudson  county,  extending  from  Bergen  Point  to  the  palisades,  and 
directly  opposite  New  York  city,  was  occupied  by  a  homoeopathic  physician 
in  1847,  ^\^lien  Dr.  William  A.  Durrie  located  at  Jersey  City.  He  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1822;  was  educated  at  Yale,  graduating  from  the 
academic  department  in  1843,  ^"d  from  the  medical  school  in  1846.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  allopathy  in  New  Haven,  but  his  attention  having 
been  called  to  homaopathy  he  went  to  New  York  and  placed  himself  under 
the  guidance  of  Gray  and  Hull.  He  qualified  as  a  homceopathic  practitioner 
and  settled  in  Jersey  City  in  1847. 

Early  in  1848  Dr.  John  Juvenal  Youlin  located  in  Jersey  City.  He  was 
born  in  Rupert,  Bennington  county,  Yt.,  December  31,  1821.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Auburn.  \.  Y.,  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Augustus  Willard,  at- 
tended lectures  at  Geneva  College,  and  became  a  student  of  Dr.  Alanson 
Briggs,  professor  of  surgery  in  the  Geneva  school.  He  entered  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  New  York  in  1846,  but  certain  investigations 
into  homoeopathy  prevented  him  from  graduating.  At  that  time  he  was  a 
bitter  opponent  of  homoeopathy.  In  his  preceptor's  library  were  various 
homoeopathic  books  and  in  them  he  sought  statements  with  which  to  ridicule 
their  authors.  He  procured  some  of  the  medicines  described  and  carefully 
studying  the  symptoms  adminisrered  them  in  cases  of  prisoners  under  his 
charge.  (Dr.  Briggs  was  physician  to  the  Auburn  state  prison.)  The  good 
results  surprised  him.  Then  he  was  seized  with  typhoid  fever  and  in  this 
emergency  was  persuaded  to  allow  a  homoeopathic  physician  to  be  called  and 
his  health  was  restored.  This  recovery,  following  close  upon  the  experi- 
ments he  had  previously  made,  led  him  gradually  to  a  belief  in  the  truth  of 
the  doctrines  of  Hahnemann.  He  went  to  Jersey  City  in  1848  and  began 
practice.  He  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cine m  1854.  He  made  his  home  in  Jersey  City  until  his  death.  October  30, 
1881.  Dr.  Youlin  was  a  member  of  many  societies,  and  joined  the  institute 
in  1858.    He  started  a  homoeopathic  dispensary  for  the  poor  in  Jersey  City. 

Drs.  Youlin  and  Durrie  were  alone  in  Jersey  City  until  1857.  Dr.  J.  R. 
Petherbridge  practiced  there  until  the  beginning  of  the  war,  wlien  he  entered 
the  army.     He  died  shortly  after  its  close. 

In  1875  the  following  physicians  w'cre  located  in  Jersey  City  :     Drs.  Wm. 


252  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

H.  Abercrdmbic,  Eleazer  Bowen,  Horace  Bowen.  George  B.  Cornell.  William 

A.  Durrie.  Tames  Harkness.  Alexander  H.  Laidlaw.  C.  Holmes  McNeil,  Dan- 
iel ^IcNeil.  ^^'illiam  H.  Newell,  Frank  Nichols,  E.  W.  Pyle,  G.  D.  Salstonstall, 
L.  Scott.  Charles  S.  Shelton,  Geors^e  N.  Tibbies  and  John  Juvenal  Youlin. 

Dr.  Daniel  AlcNeil  was  a  surgeon  in  the  army  during  the  rebellion,  but 
had  previously  practiced  in  Jersey  City.  His  son.  Dr.  C.  Holmes  McNeil, 
took  the  place  made  vacant  by  his  father's  death.   He  died  December  i8,  1898. 

Dr.  Eleazer  Bowen  located  in  Jersey  City  in  1864.  He  was  born  at 
Rehoboth.  Mass..  in  October,  1829.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Usher 
Parsons  in  Providence,  .and  graduated  at  the  Pittsfield  Medical  College  in 
1853.  After  practicing  six  years  in  Barnstable,  Mass.,  he  was  led  to  investi- 
gate homoeopathy.  He  went  to  New  York  to  study  under  its  practitioners, 
returned  to  ^lassachusetts  in  1859  and  settled  in  Lynn,  where  he  remained 
until  1864  when  he  went  to  Jersey  City. 

Dr.  George  Boardman  Cornell,  a  graduate  of  the  New  York  University 
in  1864.  practiced  allopathy  until  1869,  when  he  investigated  and  adopted 
homoeopathy. 

Dr.  William  Henry  Newell  was  born  in  New  York.  February  19,  1837, 
and  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1859.  He  passed  the 
next  few  vears  in  travel  and  arrived  in  Baltimore  the  day  after  "the  riot" 
in  1861.  He  served  through  the  war  as  a  confederate  surgeon  and  after  his 
discharge  located  in  Jersey  City.  After  an  examination  of  the  claims  of 
homoeopathy  he  began  practice  under  its  principles. 

Dr.  Oscar  F.  Lund,  previously  an  allopathic  practitioner,  began  the  prac- 
tice of  homoeopathy  in  Jersey  City  about  1870.     He  died  in  1875. 

In  1857  there  were  two  homoeopath ists  in  Jersey  City;  in  1875,  17;  in 
1880.  20:  in   1899,  31;  and  in  1904,  25 

In  Monmouth  county  Dr.  W.  S.  Kimball  was  the  first  homoeopathic 
physician.  He  located  at  Eatontown  in  1854.  and  for  many  years  was  the 
only  homoeopathic  phvsician  at  the  Long  Branch  hotels.     In    i860  Dr.   Ellis 

B.  Hall  practiced  at  Freehold.     Dr.  C.  C.  Currie  also  practiced  there. 

In  1864  Dr.  W.  A.  Bevin  located  at  Freeport.  Dr.  G.  F.  Marsden  set- 
tled at  Red  Bank  in  1870.  In  1875  Dr.  H.  H.  Pemberton  was  at  Long  Branch, 
Dr.  L.  Bushnell  at  Keyport  and^Dr.  W.  H.  Burnett  at  Freehold.  '  In  1880 
Drs.  Ernest  P.  and  G.  Macomber  were  at  Kevport  and  G.  F.  IMarsden  and 
Alfred  J.  Trafford  at  Red  Bank. 

In  Gloucester  county  Dr.  Ellis  Bentlcy  Hall,  a  graduate  in  1849  ^^  the 
first  session  nf  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  and  who 
had  been  practicing  since  that  time  at  Bridgeton.  located  at  Woodbury  in 
1855.  ^^  ^^'i^  the  first  qualified  homoeopathic  phvsician  in  the  county,  and 
left  Woodbury  in  1857.  Later  on  he  practiced  in  Hightstown,  Camden,  Free- 
hold and  Beverly,  and  died  in  Beverly  in   187^. 

Dr.  E.  J.  Record  succeeded  Dr.  Hall  at  Woodbury,  he  remained  there  a 
short  time,  and  afterward  went  into  mercantile  pursuits.  Dr.  Thomas  Shearer, 
a  graduate  of  i8;8  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pcnnsvlvania, 
settled  in  Woodburv.  and  removed  thence  to  Baltimore.  Dr  William  .A. 
Gardiner  was  located  there  a  short  time  about  i86t.  He  removed  to  Phil- 
adelphia and  died  there  April  29.  1863. 

Dr.  Daniel  R.  Gardiner,  brother  of  William  A.  Gardiner,  located  in 
Woodburv  in  1862  and  in  1871  removed  to  Pottsville.  Pa.  In  187.S  he  re- 
turned to  ^^'oodbury  and  remained  there  until  his  death.  June  30.   1889. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  253 

'  Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge,  who  bought  out  Dr.  Gardiner,  was  born  in 
Bath,  England,  January  31,  1843.  He  came  to  America  in  1850,  and  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York.  He  then  learned  the  printing 
business,  and  during  the  early  years  of  the  war  was  an  earnest  union  man. 
In  1864  he  applied  for  appointment  as  hospital  stew-ard,  and  was  advised  by 
the  board  of  examination  to  attend  medical  lectures  and  then  apply  for  a 
medical  cadetship  in  the  regular  army.  After  the  war  he  obtained  a  position 
in  charge  of  a  printing  establishment  in  Philadelphia,  still  continuing  his 
medical  studies.  In  1866  he  became  a  student  of  Dr.  J.  H.  P.  Frost.  The 
same  year  he  urged  Dr.  Malcolm  Macfarlan  to  resign  from  the  regular  army 
and  come  to  Philadelphia.  He  did  so  and  was  elected  professor  of  surgery 
in  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  McGeorge  then 
became  his  student.  He  graduated  from  the  college  in  1868.  He  first  located 
at  Hightstown,  N.  J.,  remaining  there  two  years  and  then  went  to  Crescent, 
Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  being  the  first  homoeopathic  physician  there.  In 
January,  1871,  he  became  partner  with  Dr.  Daniel  R.  Gardiner  in  Woodbury, 
where  he  remained  until  1893,  when  he  removed  to  Camden,  his  present 
residence. 

Dr.  Charles  Newton,  a  graduate  in  1867  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Woodbury  in  1869  and  in  1870  T\'ent  to 
Sharpstown,  Salem  county.  In  November,  1872,  Rev.  William  M.  White- 
head, who  had  just  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, settled  in  Woodbury.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  and 
united  the  duties  of  that  office  with  those  of  a  physician.  He  died  in  Jan- 
uary, 1874. 

Dr.  Alexander  Kirkpatrick  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  :Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1861,  practiced  first  in  Swedesboro  and  afterward 
settled  in  Burlington.  Dr.  John  F.  Musgrave  took  Dr.  Kirkpatrick's  place 
in  Swedesboro. 

Dr.  Isaac  Cooper  located  in  Mullica  Hill  in  1868,  remammg  until  1870. 
Dr.  Jacob  Izard  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Phda- 
delphia  in  1870,  and  settled  in  Glassboro,  where  he  still  remams.  In  1886 
Dr.  Howard  Izard  also  located  there.  In  1875,  Dr.  Albert  T.  Beckett  located 
at  Mullica  Hill.  Dr.  Samuel  E.  Newton  located  at  Paulsboro  m  1873,  be-, 
ing  the  first  homoeopathic  physician  in  that  place. 

Dr.  Samuel  Arthur  Tones  introduced  homceopathy  mto  Bergen  county 
in  i860.  He  located  in  Englewood  in  that  year  and  remained  there  until 
1875  when  he  took  the  chair  of  homoeopathic  materia  medica  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan.  Dr.  H.  M.  Banks  succeeded  Dr.  Jones  at  Englewood.  In 
1880  Drs.  D.  M.  Baldwin  and  H.  M.  Banks  were  in  practice  there  and  Dr. 
George  B.  Best  afterward  located  there.  In  1875  Dr.  H  H.  HoUister  was 
located  at  Rutherford  Park.  Dr.  Addison  P.  Macomber  located  at  Hacken- 
sack  in  1867.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  New  York  m  1853, 
but  had  become  converted  to  homoeopathy.  He  joined  the  institute  in  18O7, 
at  which  time  he  was  located  at  Maiden,  Mass.  He  went  from  there  to 
Hackensack.  Dr.  George  M.  Ockford  was  born  in  England.  March  29. 
1845,  and  was  brought  when  a  child  to  northern  New  York  He  learned 
the  printing  trade  and  became  a  journalist.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine 
under  Dr.  A.  P.  Macomber,  at  Maiden,  Mass..  and  graduated  from  the 
Cleveland  Hospital  College  in  1872.  He  then  went  to  Hackensack^  wliere 
his  preceptor  was  in  practice.     He  has  practiced  at  Hackensack.    Burling- 


2:)4  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

ton,  Vt.,  Vincennes,  Ind.,  and  Lexington,  Ky.  In  1891  he  located  in  Ridge- 
wood,  N.  J. 

Dr.  William  R.  Sheppard  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1861,  and  located  at  Cape  May,  Cape  May  county, 
being  the  first  homoeopathic  physician  there.  Drs.  W.  F.  Hedstrom  and  W. 
R.  Sheppard  were  practicing  at  Cape  May  from  1875  to  1880.  Dr.  E.  H. 
Phillips  was  practicing  there  in  1899. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Cumberland  county  by  Dr.  E.  Bentlev 
Hall  about  1849.  Smith's  directory  for  1857  gives  one  homoeopathic  physi- 
cian in  Cumberland  countv.  Dr.  Moore,  at  Bridgeton.  In  1875  Drs.  A.  W. 
Bartlett,  L.  W.  Brown,  E.  B.  Griswold,  W.  T.   Sherman,  E.  R.  Tuller  and 


^  ,  ,^c^  ^^f     '  ^1 


Samuel   A.   Jones,    M.    D. 

M.  B.  Tuller  were  located  at  \^ineland ;  L.  J.  Bumstead.  T.  Walter  Gardiner, 
Thomas  Sturdevant,  J.  W.  Thompson,  at  Millviile;  Charles  T.  Hill,  at  Divid- 
ing Creek;  M.  E.   Hunter,  at  Commercial;  Joseph   Moore,  at  Bridgeton. 

Dr.  L.  W.  Brown  was  born  in  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  February  2,  1844, 
and  graduated  at  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  College  in  1865.  He  then 
returned  to  Cleveland,  but  about  1869  '^^  located  at  Vineland. 

In  a  personal  letter  written  in  1870  Dr.  Sturdevant  says:  "My  full  name 
is  Thomas  Sturdevant,  graduated  from  Penn  Medical  University,  i860,  at- 
tended lectures  at  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  I  have 
practiced  homoeopathy  exclusively  five  years.  I  practiced  allopathy  five  years 
in  Old  Southwark,  Philadelphia,  first  ward,  for  four  years ;  was  the  out-of- 
door  physician  for  that  district  for  three  years.  I  removed  from  there  to 
Greenwich,  Cumberland  county,  X.   J.,   staved  there  twentv-two  months,  but 


! 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


255 


climate  did  not  agree,  and  removed  from  there  to  Millville  and  have  been 
here  nearly  four  years.  I  have  had  an  uphill  road  of  it.  Some  three  homoe- 
opathic physicians  had  been  here  previous  to  my  coming  but  the  old  '  reo-u- 
lars  '  succeeded  in  running  them  off  in  a  year  or  so." 

Dr.  Charles  W.  Mulford  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Hunterdon  county 
in  1854.  In  1875  Dr.  J.  B.  J.  Bard  was  at  Flemington;  John  Newton  Lowe 
at  Milford,  and  John  E.  Stiles  at  Lambertville. 

Dr.  Henry  D.  Robinson  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Middlesex  county, 
having  located  in  New  Brunswick  about  1849.  He  was  of  French  parentage, 
but  was  born  in  England,  educated  in  Paris,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1829. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  lived  in  New  York,  but  in    1849    went    to    New 


Theodore  Y.  Kinne,  M.  D. 


Brunswick,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  November  22,  1876,  aged 
seventy-eight  years. 

In  the  1857  directory,  Drs.  C.  Blumenthal  and  H.  D.  Robinson  are  men- 
tioned as  living  in  New  Brunswick,  and  T.  Vernon  at  Perth  Amboy.  In 
1875  there  were  at  New  Brunswick,  Drs.  John  G.  Greenbank,  Samuel  Long, 
J.  L.  Mulford,  H.  D.  Robinson  and  Giro  S.  Verdi. 

Dr.  Stephen  Fairchild  mtroduced  homoeopathy  into  Morris  county  m 
1841.  In  1857  Dr.  W.  De  IT.  Quinbv  was  at  Morristown ;  Drs.  R.  B.  W. 
Fairchild  and  S.  W.  Fairchild  a?  Parsipanny ;  Drs.  J.  and  W.  I.  Jackson  at 
Rockaway.  In  1875  Mrs.  Woodruff  practiced  at  Boonton,  and  Drs.  Macom- 
ber  and  Ubellacker  at  Morristown. 

In  Salem  countv   Dr.   L.   G.  Vinal  was   the   homceopathic    pioneer.     In 


256 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1857  Dr.  J.  B.  Stretch  was  in  Salem,  and  Drs.  P.  Coates  and  C.  Preston  in 
Woodstown.  Dr.  Preston  had  also  practiced  in  Sculltown.  Dr.  Stretch  was 
a  native  of  Salem  county,  born  August  27,  1825,  graduated  at  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853,  and  located  at  Salem, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death  on  March  7,  1865.  Dr.  Preston  remained  but 
a  short  time  in  Woodstown,  removing  thence  to  Pennsylvania.  In  1875  Dr. 
Aquilia  B.  Lippincott  was  at  Salem ;  Dr  Charles  Newton  at  Sharpstown ;  P. 
G.  Souder  at  Woodstown,  and  A.  W.  Zane  at  Pennsgrove.  Miles  W.  Wal- 
lens  located  at  Woodstown  in  1863,  and  in  April,  1870,  went  to  Somerville. 

Dr.  Quinby  introduced  the  system  into  Somerset  county  in  1846.  In 
1857  Dr.  T.  W.  Edwards  was  in  Raritan.  In  1875  Drs.  Henry  Crater  and 
P.  H.  Mason  were  in  Somerville. 

Dr.  Joseph  Hasbrouck  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Sussex  county, 
about  1870. 

In  Union  county'  Dr.  Tits  worth  was  the  first  homoeopathic  physician  to 
open  an  office.  Dr.  Randolph  Titsworth  located  at  Plainfield  in  1853.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1853.  He  died  March  18,  1890.  In  1857  Drs.  J.  Green  and  J.  A.  Roesch  were 
at  Elizabeth;  S.  Cook  at  Rahway.  In  1875  there  were  18  homoeopathic  phy- 
sicians in  Union  county.  In  1875  Dr.  W.  P.  Sharkey  was  in  practice  at  Phil- 
lipsburg. 

About  1874  Dr.  Obed  S.  Crosby  began  practice  in  Atlantic  City.  In 
1880  Drs.  O.  S.  Crosby,  R.  A.  Martin  and  J.  H.  Warrington  were  in  prac- 
tice there.  In  1886  Drs.  Alfred  W.  Bailey,  George  W.  Crosby,  Obed  H. 
Crosby,  Henry  K.  Stuart  and  Maurice  D.  Youngman  were  located  there.  In 
1899  the  physicians  there  were  Drs.  Alfred  W.  Bailey,  Lorenzo  D.  Bailey, 
Theodore  J.  Bieling,  Walter  A.  Corson,  George  W.  Crosby,  Howard  J. 
Evans,  John  R.  Fleming,  Mary  Miller,  Milton  L.  Mnnson,  Walter  C.  Sooy 
and  Maurice  D.  Youngman.  In  1904  there  were  fifteen  physicians  of  the 
homoeopathic  school  in  Atlantic  City. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  New  Jersey  previous  to  i860.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 


1845  Annin,  Jonathan  D.  *  Newark  1857 

1845  Andrews,  John  R.   *   Camden  1853 

1851  Armour,    Thomas     Allowaystown  i86g 

1865  Austin,  John  H.  *  Camden  1847 

1857  Bassett,  John  S.  *  x  Paterson  1857 

1845  Boardman,  Joseph  C.  Trenton  1842 
1857  Bhnnenthal,    Charles   x    New   Bruns-       1857 

wick  18.32 

1853  Blackwood,  Benjamin  W.  *  Haddon-       1857 

field  1853 

1856  Brvant,    J.    Kemper     Camden  1843 

1846  Beit,  R.  G.  X  *  Paterson  1849 

1854  Compton,    Cornelius    C.  1857 

1857  Crittenden,  J.  x  Morristown  1857 
1857  Crittenden,  W.   H.  x  

1855  Carels,  Samuel  *  Camden  1857 
1835  Caspari,  Edward  Orange  1849 
1857  Cook,  S.  X  Rahway  1835 


Coates,  P.  X  Woodstown 
Clay,  George  B.   L.     Moorestown 
Cornell,  George  B.  *  Jersey  City 
Durrie,  William  A.  x  Jersey  City 
Edwards,  T.  W.  x  Raritan 
Fairchild,   Stephen  *   Parsippany    . 
Fairchild,  R.  B.  W.     Parsippany 
Geist,  C.  F.     Egg  Harbor  City 
Green,  Jonas  x  Elizabeth  City 
Greenbank.  John  G.     New  Brunswick 
Gardiner,  Wm.  A.     Woodbury 
Gardiner,    Daniel   R.     Moorestown 
Gardiner,    David   E.     Bordentown 
Gause,  Owen  Beverly       Trenton 
Grover.  Lewis  P.     Trenton 
Hand.  W.  R.  x  King  wood 
Hall,   Ellis  Bentley    Woodbury 
Humphrey,  Gideon  *  Burlington 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


lioT 


1857  Jackson,  J.  x  Rockaway  1843 

1857  Jackson,  W    I.  x  Rockaway  1846 

i860  Jones,  Samuel  Arthur     Englewood  1857 

1853  Miller,    Alexander   C.     Gloucester  1850 

1859  McPherson,  William  H.  1849 

1853  Musgrave,  John  F.     Swedesboro 

1854  Kimball,  W.  S.  Eatontown  1846 
i860  Kirkpatrick,  Alexander  Swedesboro  1858 
1846  Lafon,  Thomas  *  Newark  1852 
185s  Liebold,  Carl  T.  *  Newark  1846 

1850  Leaming,     Jonathan     *     Cape     May  1857 

Court  House  1858 

1840  Middleton,   R.    S.     Burlington  1858 

1849  Moore,  John  D.  *  Burlington  1857 

1857  Moore,  Joseph  x  Bridgeton  1857 

1851  Mulford,  Joseph  L.     Middletown  1853 

1854  Mulford,  Charles  W.  Hunterdon  Co.  1857 
1865  McNeil,  Daniel  *  West  Hoboken  1850 
1859  Newell,  William  H.  Jersey  City  1848 
1857  Orton,  Dr.  x  Madison  1841 
1845  Petherbridge,  J.  B.  Paterson  1838 
1856  Pfeiffer,  George  S.  F.  *  Camden  1857 
1856  Pease,  I.  H.  x  Irvington  1853 
1853  Preston,  Coates     Woodstown  1854 

1855  Pretch,    C.     Trenton 


Paine,  John  A.  *  Newark 
Quinby,  W.  de  H.  x  Morristown 
Roesch,  J.  A.  x  Elizabeth  City 
Raue,  Charles  G.     Trenton 
Robinson,  Henry  D.  *  New   Bruns- 

w'ick 
Rhees,   Morgan  J.     Mount   Holly 
Richards,  George  W.  *  Newark 
Sargent,    Rufus     Bordentown 
Smith,  Edward  M.  x  Burlington 
Sheppard,  S.  W.  x  Bloomfield 
Shearer,   Thomas     Woodbury 
Shivers,   Bowman   H.     Marlton 
Scott,  J.  B.  X  Newark 
Stretch,  J.  B.  x  Salem 
Titsworth,  Randolph      Plainfield 
Vernon,  T.  x  Perth  Amboy 
Vastine,  P.  E.  x  Trenton 
Vinal,  L.  G.  x  Salem 
Ward,  Walter  *  Mount  Holly 
Ward,  Isaac  Moreau  *  Newark 
Warner,  S.  C.  x  Cooperstown 
Wilkinson,  Ross  M.     Bordentown 
Youlin,  John  J.   *  Jersey   City 


258  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  X\' 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN   VERMONT. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Sowing  the  Seed  of  HomcEopathy  in  the  Old  Green  Mountain  State — Baird,  the  Inde- 
pendent, Self-educated,  and  Successful  Practitioner,  the  Pioneer — Brief  Allusion 
to  State,  District  and  County  Societies — How  and  by  Whom  Homoeopathy  was 
Introduced  in  the  Counties  of  Verm.ont. 

HomcEopathy  in  \'ermont  was  planted  in  much  the  same  manner  as  state- 
hood itself  in  that  jurisdiction,  and  was  an  independent  action  on  the  part 
of  its  pioneer,  David  H.  Baird,  who  is  remembered  as  a  man  of  good  sound 
common  sense,  with  an  excellent  understanding  of  medicines  and  their  use 
in  general,  but  who  was  not  a  graduate  of  any  school  of  medicine.  Whether 
Dr.  Baird  employed  other  methods  in  the  healing  art  before  beginning  prac- 
tice according  to  the  law  of  similars  does  not  appear,  but  it  is  known  that 
he  administered  the  little  homoeopathic  doses  in  Coventry  and  Troy  in  Or- 
leans county  as  early  as  about  the  year  1840,  and  thus  became  the  pioneer 
of  the  profession  in  the  historic  Green  Mountain  state. 

But  Dr.  Baird  was  not  long  the  sole  exemplar  of  homoeopathy  in  Ver- 
mont, and  within  the  next  twenty  years  following  lijs  advent  into  the  ranks 
of  the  profession  there  were  about  thirty-five  practitioners  in  that  field ;  and 
even  before  that  period  was  passed,  and  as  early  as  1854,  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  of  the  state  gathered  together  their  numbers  and  organized  the 
Green  IMovmtain  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association,  which  has  continued 
its  existence  to  the  present  dav  and  since  1858  has  been  known  as  the  Ver- 
mont State  Homoeopathic  ^ledical  Society. 

In  185 1  the  Caledonia  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organ- 
ized, and  three  years  afterward  united  with  the  parent  body.  The  subse- 
quent kindred  organizations  have  been  the  Connecticut  and  Passumpsic  Val- 
ley Hoiuoeopathic  Medical  Society,  about  1866,  and  the  Champlain  Valley 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  organized  in  1874. 

Homoeopathic  medical  statistics  show  that  the  number  of  physicians  of 
that  school  in  the  state  in  1857  was  31;  1875,  63;  1880,  83;  1899,  67;  and 
in  1904,  54.  This  noticeable  decrease  in  numbers  during  recent  years  in  no 
sense  indicates  an  unhealthful  condition  of  affairs  in  the  profession,  and  is 
dtie  to  exactly  the  same  causes  which  have  contributed  to  the  loss  of  popula- 
tion in  the  state  in  general.  In  X^rmont  today  homoeopathy  is  as  firmly 
rooted  in  the  soil  as  at  any  previous  time  in  its  history,  and  among  the  exem- 
plars there  are  found  some  of  the  best  practitioners  who  have  ever  honored 
anv  profession  with  their  achievements. 

VERMONT    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

Vermont  has  not  figured  conspicuously  as  the  home  of  numerous  homoe- 
opathic societies,  but  such  as  have  been  given  life  have  been  noted  for  vigor 
and   longevity,   qualities   which   are   characteristic   of   all   elements   of   life    in 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  259 

the  healthful  regions  of  the  Green  Moimtain  state.  In  1854  eight  homoe- 
cpathic  physicians  comprising  nearly  all  of  that  school  then  in  the  state,  met 
in  Montpelier  on  the  22d  of  February  and  organized  the  Green  Mountain 
Homoeopathic  Association.  Its  first  officers  were  Dr.  Beniah  Sanborn  of  St. 
Johnsbury,  president ;  Dr.  Cephas  Taylor  of  Hardwick,  vice-president ;  Dr. 
C.  B.  Darling  of  Lyndon,  secretary;  Dr.  Joshua  Stone  of  St.  Johnsburv, 
treasurer.  The  society  held  annual  meetings  in  St.  Johnsbury.  At  a  meet- 
ing held  October  21,  1858,  the  name  was  changed  to  Vermont  Homoeopathic 
Aledical  Society,  and  was  so  incorporated  in  the  same  year.  The  first  officers 
f  the  new  society  were  Dr.  Thomas  Bigelow  of  Burlington,  president;  Dr. 
C.  B.  Currier  of  South  Troy,  corresponding  secretary;  Dr.  G.  E.  Sparhawk 
of  Rochester,  recording  secretary;  Dr.  T.'  C.  Tapli'n  of  Montpelier,  treas- 
urer; Dr.  C.  W.  Scott  of  Irasburg,  auditor.  This  society  still  maintains  an 
active  existence  and  holds  semi-annual  meetings  in  Montpelier.  Its  trans- 
actions were  published  in   1891. 

The  Caledonia  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
1 85 1,  chiefly  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Beniah  Sanborn.  The  Connecticut 
and  Passumpsic  Valley  Homoeopathic  ^Medical  Society  was  organized  in  1866. 
The  Champlain  Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  Mid- 
dlebury,  May  5,  1874. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Baird's  pioneer  efiforts  in  Orleans  county  have  been  referred  to  in  an 
earlier  paragraph.  His  successor  in  that  locality  was  Dr.  Levi  C.  Moore,  who 
practiced  in  North  Troy  many  years,  and  was  there  as  late  as  1882.  Dr.  Willard 
W.  Jenness  began  practice  in  Derby  about  1850,  and  removed  thence  to 
Chicopee  in  Massachusetts. 

In  1852  Dr.  Hiram  C.  Orcutt,  a  Dartmouth  graduate,  began  practice  in 
Troy,  reniaining  there  until  1865,  when  he  settled  in  Derby.  Dr.  George 
"^tarr  Kelsea.  from  Lisbon.  New  Hampshire,  and  a  graduate  in  1867  of  the 
leveland  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  located  in  Derby,  but  two  years 
later  settled  in  Newport,  where  he  died  September  26,  1884.  In  1854  Dr. 
Chester  Walter  Scott,  a  graduate  in  1854  of  the  old  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania,  began  practice  in  Irasburg,  and  in  1865  removed 
to  Caledonia  county.  At  one  time  he  practiced  in  Hardwick.  Drs.  C.  B. 
Darling  and  I.  R.  Taylor  also  practiced  in  Irasburg  at  an  early  day. 

Dr.  Charles  B.  Parkhurst,  a  graduate  in  1866  of  the  New  York  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College,  located  in  Irasburg  and  remained  there  until  about 
1870,  when  he  removed  to  Owego,  New  York,  and  from  thence  two  years 
later  to  Chicago,  and  won  fame  in  that  great  city;  but  failing  health  com- 
pelled him  to  go  farther  west,  and  in  1874  he  removed  to  Colorado  Springs, 
where  he  died   January   16,  1877. 

In  1875  Drs.  Frederick  M.  Perry  and  Anson  M.  Ruggles  were  in  prac- 
tice in  Barton;  F.  L.  Snell  at  Barton  Landing;  Oscar  A.  Bemis  at  Crafts- 
bury;  Ezra  W.  Clark  at  Derbv ;  John  W.  McDuffie  and  John  H.  Peck  at 
Derby  Centre ;  Edward  D.  L.  Parker  at  Derby  Line :  George  Rowell  at  Iras- 
urg';  George  S.  Kelsea  at  Newport,  and  Levi  C.  Moore  at  North  Troy. 

Washington  county  in  \'ermont  was  the  second  to  receive  a  homoeopathic 

practitioner,' and  Dr.  f.  C.  Taplin  was  its  pioneer.     He  had  previously  prac- 

'ced  dentistry,  but  having  became  acquainted   with    Dr.   Baird.  he  soon   was 

interested  in  homoeopathy  and  took  up  its  study  and  sulisequent  practice,  in 


2G0 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


Danville,  Caledonia  county ;   but   he   soon   removed   to  Montpelier.   where   he 
died  in  1864. 

The  next  homoeopath  in  Orleans  county  was  Dr.  Gershom  Xelson  Brig- 
ham,  who  began  practice  in  Waitsfield  in  1850.  He  was  born  in  X'erniont  in 
1830,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joslyn  in  Waitsfield,  afterward  with  Drs. 
Thayer  and  Palmer,  and  completed  his  medical  education  in  the  Vermont 
Medical  College  in  Castlcton,  where  he  graduated  in  1845.  He  settled  in 
Warren,  and  while  practicing  there  was  led  to  investigate  homoeopathy.  He 
matriculated  at  the  College  of  P^hysicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  in  1849. 
He  learned  of  the  experiments  of  Teste  in  St.  Marguerite's  Hospital,  Paris, 
and  of  the  success  of  Dr.  Gray  and  the  other  homoeopathic  physicians  in  New 


* 


i 


I 


G.  X.  Brigham,  M.  D. 


York,  and  in  1850  he  too  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy,  at  Waitsfield. 
He  was  one  of  six  who  founded  the  A'ermont  State  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society.  In  1855  he  removed  to  Montpelier  and  was  for  a  time  associated 
with  Dr.  Taplin.  In  1875  ^^^  removed  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  but  he  died 
at  Roger's  Park,  Chicago,  June  21,  1886.  Drs.  H.  C.  Brigham  and  Willard 
I.  Brigham  are  sons  of  this  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Vermont. 

In  1875  there  were  the  following  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Washing- 
ton county:  Chas.  H.  Chamberlain,  Barre ;  John  Q.  A.  Packer,  Marshfield; 
Gershom  N.  Brigham,  H.  C.  Brigham,  Montpelier;  James  Haylitt,  More- 
town  ;  James  M.  Van  Deusen.  Waitsfield ;  Merrill  W.  Hill,  Waterbury.  In 
1870  Dr.  J.  Dorr  was  practicing  in  Cabot ;  George  Colton  at  Barre ;  A.  George 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  201 

at  Calais;  E.  J.  Foster  at  Montpelier;  S.  H.  Colburn  and  M.  F.  Styles  at 
Northfield;  Dr.  L.  C.  Moore  and  George  B.  Rowell  at  Troy.  In  i860  Dr. 
L.  H.  Thomas,  a  graduate  of  Castleton  Medical  College,  began  to  practice 
at  Waterbury.  In  1868  Dr.  George  Colton  graduated  from  the  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  and  located  at  Waterbury. 

Dr.  Charles  H.  Chamberlain  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1863  and  settled  at  Barre.  He  built  up  a  large 
practice,  and  remained  there  until  his  death.  February  2,  1881.  Dr.  H.  E. 
Parker  took  his  place. 

Dr.  James  M.  \an  Deusen  graduated  from  Castleton  Medical  College  in 
1849,  ^"d  went  from  there  to  Warren.  He  became  dissatisfied  with  the  old 
school  and  adopted  homoeopathy  and  began  its  practice  at  Warren.  In  July, 
1867,  he  removed  to  Waitsfield. 

In  1880  there  were  at  Lower  Cabot,  Dr.  John  Lance ;  Dr.  W.  B.  Mayo 
at  Northfield.  a  graduate  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  1877; 
Dr.  I.  H.  Fiske,  Roxbury ;  Dr.  R.  W.  Lance.  South  Woodbury ;  Merrill  W. 
Hill  and  C.  S.  Hoag,  Waterbury. 

In  1899  Dr.  Elroy  B.  Whittaker  was  at  Barre ;  Willis  S.  Gillett,  Calais ; 
Frank  J.  Gale,  East  Calais ;  H.  S.  Boardman  and  Ira  H.  Fiske.  Montpelier : 
Tames  Havlett,  ■Nloretown :  W.  B.  Mavo,  Northfield ;  George  Guv  Hall,  South 
"Woodbury;  J.  M.  Van  Deusen,  Waitsfield;  W.  F.  Minarcl,  Waterbury. 

In  Windsor  county  homoeopathy  Was  introduced  in  1844  by  Dr.  A.  J. 
Pike  and  Dr.  Amos  Dean,  who  came  from  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  located  at 
Woodstock,  where  they  spent  a  year  practicing  in  partnership.  In  1845  Dr. 
Pike,  having  ah  increasing  practice  in  the  adjoining  town  of  Barnard,  de- 
cided to  go  there.  He  remained  two  years  and  had  very  good  patronage.  He 
removed  from  there  to  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where  he  passed  the  rest  of  his  life. 

The  opposition  to  homoeopathy  at  that  time  at  Woodstock  was  very 
t;reat.  That  town  was  the  seat  of  the  Vermont  Medical  College  and  more 
than  half  the  population  was  related  to  allopathic  physicians  by  marriage 
or  otherwise.  One  who  was  then  a  student  there  wrote  as  follows :  "  In 
1852  a  clinical  case  of  indolent  ulcer  came  before  the  class.  The  profes- 
sor pronounced  it  incurable  and  so  dismissed  it.  A  dentist,  then  a  resident 
of  the  town,  and  attending  lectures  at  the  time,  invited  the  patient  into  his 
office,  and  proposed  to  cure  the  case  if  he  would  take  homoeopathic  pellets. 
He  prescribed  for  him  and  in  a  few  weeks  the  ulcer  was  healed.  At  that 
time  one-fifth  of  the  class  were  homoeopaths,  but  such  was  the  abuse  of  the 
svstem,  and  ridicule  of  those  who  believed  in  it,  that  every  one  kept  his  own 
counsel,  and  it  was  not  until  after  years  that  they  knew  each  other  as  homoe- 
opaths at  the  Vermont  Medical  College." 

In  1857  Dr.  H.  C.  Chase  practiced  in  Woodstock.  In  i860  Dr.  J.  R. 
Hamilton  located  there  but  on  account  of  opposition  left  in  1863,  and  until 
1870  there  was  no  homeopathic  physician  in  that  town.  Dr.  G.  W.  Colton 
decided  to  trv  the  field,  and  during  the  first  six  months  there  he  did  not  have 
a  single  call,' but  he  staved  and  eventually  built  up  a  Inisiness.  In  1870  Dr. 
Nathaniel  Randall  located  there.  In  1882  Dr.  C.  P.  Holden  was  m  \yood- 
stock,  and  later  Dr.  A.  N.  Logan,  after  practicing  at  Wmdsor,  located  and 
has  since  been  in  practice  there.  .         r    1      i. 

In  Rochester  Dr.  Henrv  N.  Guernsey,  who  was  a  native  of  the  town, 
did  much  to  introduce  honioeopathy  during  his  visits  to  the  place.  His 
brother    William  F.  Guernsey,  a  farmer,  had  a  domestic  case  and  handbook. 


2G2 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


and  acquired  quite  a  reputation  as  a  practitioner  among  his  neighbors. 
About  1851  he  left  the  farm  and  after  completing  a  medical  course  under 
his  brother's  tuition,  located  in  Philadelphia.  Another  lay  practitioner  in 
the  town  was  J.  C.  Tilden,  who  was  a  good  nurse,  and  a  keen  observer.  He 
had  Hering's  '*  Domestic  Physician."  and  did  much  good  by  dispensing  medi- 
cines gratuitously.  In  1851  Dr.  H.  W.  Hamilton,  an  eclectic  physician,  set- 
tled in  Rochester.  In  1852.  Dr.  H.  N.  Guernsey  on  one  of  his  visits  became 
acquainted  with  Dr.  Hamilton,  and  proposed  to  him  to  adopt  the  new  sys- 
tem. The  friends  of  homoeopathy  in  town  also  urged  this  and  the  doctor 
consented  to  change.  Dr.  Guernsey  fiu-nished  him  the  needful  books  and  a 
set  of  remedies  from  his  own  stock,  and  Dr.  Hamilton  soon  became  satisfied 

that  homoeopathy  was  the  right  method. 
In  the  winter  of  1852-3  a  violent  epi- 
demic of  pneumonia  occurred,  and  the 
number  of  fatal  cases  under  homoeo- 
pathic treatment  was  so  small  compared 
with  those  under  allopathic,  that  the 
position  of  homoeopathy  in  the  place 
was  definitely  established. 

In  June,  1853,  Dr.  George  E.  E. 
Sparhawk  located  at  Rochester.  He 
was  a  native  of  the  town,  born  February 
20,  1830.  He  was  educated,  at  Ran- 
dolph Academy,  and  afterward,  hkc 
many  of  the  ambitious  boys  of  his  day, 
he  taught  school,  from  1846  to  1852. 
He  had  begun  a  course  of  medical 
reading  in  1849  ^"^  in  March,  1852, 
entered  the  \^ermont  Medical  College 
at  Woodstock.  He  then  went  to  Dr. 
Wm.  F.  Guernsey  at  Frankford,  Pa., 
where  he  remained  until  October,  when  . 
he  entered  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania,  graduating  in 
the  spring  of  1853.  In  June  he  re- 
turned to  Rochester  and  began  practice 
with  Dr.  Hamilton,  who  remained 
with  him  until  January,  1854,  when  Dr.  Sparhawk  took  entire  charge  of 
the  business.  In  the  latter  part  of  1858  he  removed  to  Gaysville,  Vt.,  and 
remained  there  until  1880,  when  he  located  in  Burlington.  Dr.  Sparhawk 
also  practiced  at  West  Randolph. 

Dr.  Qiristopher  Bodwell  Currier  took  Dr.  Sparhawk's  place  at  Roches- 
ter. He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Currier  of  La\vTence,  Mass. 
He  was  educated  at  Guilford  Academy  at  Meredith  Bridge,  N.  H.,  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Jerome  Harris  of  Lawrence,  Mass.,  for  two  years  and 
later  with  Dr.  Belmont  of  New  York  city.  Threatened  with  phthisis  at  the 
end  of  his  first  year  with  Dr.  Belmont,  he  went  to  the  northern  part  of  Ver- 
mont, entering  the  office  of  Dr.  Jenness  in  Derby.  He  was  soon  able  to  at- 
tend lectures  at  Woodstock,  then  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  New  York,  and  still  later  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in  i860.     The  name  of  C.  B.  Currier  in  the  homoeopathic  directory 


E.    E.   Sparhawk,   ^I.   D. 


HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY  263 

of  1857  is  noted  among  the  physicians  of  South  Troy.  He  went  probably 
the  same  year  to  Rochester,  and  he  also  practiced  for  a  time  in  Cornwall.  In 
1863  he  disposed  of  his  practice  to  Dr.  J.  W.  McDuffee  and  went  to  Middle- 
bury,  where  he  remained  until  1875,  when  he  went  to  New  York  city.  In 
1873  he  received  an  honorary  degree  from  the  Qeveland  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College.  He  afterward  located  in  San  Francisco.  Dr.  McDuffee  in  a 
few  years  went  to  Derby  Center  from  Rochester. 

There  was  no  homceopathic  physician  in  Rochester  for  a  time  after  Dr. 
McDuffee  left,  but  Dr.  Clarence  P.  Holden,  graduating  from  the  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1880,  went  there  the  same  year.  He  soon 
after  settled  in  Woodstock,  but  in  1866  was  practicing  in  Windsor. 

Dr.  Samuel  Henry  Sparhawk  located  at  Rochester  about  1870.  He  was 
a  brother  of  Dr.  G.  E.  E.  Sparhawk  and  a  graduate  of  Cleveland  Homce- 
pathic  Medical  College  in  1865.  He  practiced  at  Pittsford,  where  he  intro- 
duced homoeopathy,  and  where  he  remained  until  1867,  then  removing  to 
Morrisville  and  from  there  to  Rochester. 

Dr.  S.  H.  Colbourn'was  located  at  Springfield  in  1875^  but  soon  went 
to  Athol,  Mass.,  and  Dr.  N.  R.  Perkins,  a  graduate  of  Boston  University,, 
succeeded  him.  In  1875  there  were  in  Gaysville  the  Drs.  Sparhawk ;  Hart- 
ford, M.  E.  Smith ;  Springfield,  Samuel  H.  Colbourn ;  White  River  Junc- 
tion, E.  L.  Styles ;  Woodstock,  George  W.  Colton.  In  1899  Dr.  F.  E.  Steele 
was  at  Gaysville;  Dr.  Adam  Kilmer  at  Ludlow;  Dr.  F.  W.  Martin  at  North 
Springfield ;  Dr.  W.  C.  Phillips  at  Springfield ;  Dr.  A.  N.  Logan  at  Woodstock. 

Dr.  T.  C.  Taplin  was  probably  the  first  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Cale- 
donia county.  Dr.  Charles  B.  Darling  was  an  early  practitioner  there.  He 
graduated  at  the  Woodstock  Medical  College  in  1844  and  began  the  practice 
of  allopathic  medicine  at  Lyndon.  In  1847  he  became  interested  in  homoeo- 
pathy and  afterward  practiced  it  for  thirteen  years,  until  his  death,  at  Lyndon, 
June  10,  i860. 

In  1857  Dr.  C.  Woodward  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Danville;  Drs. 
J.  Sanborn  and  C.  R.  Taylor  at  Hardwick;  Drs.  B.  Sanborn,  A.  B.  Stone  and 
J.  Stone  at  St.  Johnsbury. 

In  1846  Dr.  Beniah  Sanborn  became  interested  in  homoeopathy.  He 
was  born  in  Waterford,  Vt.,  in  1799.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1827.  and  located  at  Lyndon,  where  he  built  up  a  successful  prac- 
tice. He  procured  some  homoeopathic  works  in  New  York,  and  after  several 
years  of  experiment  openly  espoused  the  new  system  in  1850.  He  then  lo- 
cated at  St.  Johnsbury,  where  he  established  a  large  practice  and  remained 
until  his  death,  October  4,  1867. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Sanborn,  son  of  Dr.  John  Sanborn  of  Hardwick.  was  born 
September  28,  1840.  He  studied  with  Beniah  Sanborn,  attended  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York,  also  the  New  York  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College,  returned  and  practiced  for  a  year  with  his  preceptor, 
then  went  to  Stanstead.  Canada,   where  he  remained  three  years.      He  then 

settled  in  Hardwick.  ,  •     nc    i-     1  i-  n  r 

Dr  Milo  G.  Houghton,  a  graduate  of  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  ot 
Pennsvivania  in  i856,\ook  the  practice  of  his  brother.  Dr.  H.  A.  Houghton, 
in  Lvndon  He  was  born  in  Lvndon.  Tune  8.  1832,  and  studied  medicine  with 
his  brother.  He  spent  most  of  the  next  twenty  years  in  practice  in  Lyndon 
and  St.  Johnsburv.  anc  also  practiced  at  Barnet,  \^t.,  and  Claremont,  N.  H. 
In  1876  he  located  in  Boston,  where  he  died  May  22,  1885. 


264  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Dr.  Horatio  M.  Hunter,  a  g^raduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1857,  located  at  St.  Johnshury  in  1863  or  1864. 

In  1875  Dr.  Hiram  J.  Hazelton  was  at  Barnet ;  Calvin  Woodward  at 
Danville ;  J.  M.  Sanborn  at  East  Hardwick ;  Alpheus  D.  Smith  at  Lyndon- 
ville;  George  R.  Drew  at  North  Danville;  Milo  G.  Houghton  and  Willis  G. 
Pope  at  St.  Johnshury  and  William  A.  Donaldson  at  West  Burke. 

Dr.  John  Sanborn  was  a  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Vermont,  a  convert 
from  allopathy,  and  practiced  for  some  time  in  Hardwick.  In  1880  Dr.  H. 
J.  Hazleton  was  at  Barnet ;  J.  JM.  Tabor  at  Burke :  C.  W.  Woodward  at  Dan- 
ville ;  J.  M.  Sanborn  at  East  Hardwick ;  W.  A.  Donaldson  and  E.  Bernard 
Squire  at  Lyndenville ;   George  R.   Drew  at   Xorth   Danville;  E.   B.   Gushing 


C.  B.   Currier,   M.   D. 


at  St.  Johnsburv;  George  B.  Colbv  at  Sutton;  and  Chas.  B.  Davis  at  West 
Burke.  Later  Dr.  Charles  L.  Bailev  practiced  at  Danville;  S.  S.  Martin  and 
W.  H.  Weeks  at  East  Hardwick ;  F.  H.  Davis  at  Lyndonville ;  E.  W.  Hitch- 
cock and  Samuel  H.  Sparhawk  at  St.  Johnshury;  and  W.  R.  Noyes  at  West 

Burke. 

In  Qiittenden  county  the  first  homfeojiathic  ]:)ractitioner  was  Dr.  T.  b. 
Blodgett,  who  located  in  Burlington  about  1850.  He  remained  but  a  few 
months,  going  thence  to  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  John 
A.  Ward,  wlio  remained  but  a  short  time.  In  1854  Dr.  Thomas  Bigelow  was 
induced  through  the  efforts  of  his  brother-in-law  to  settle  in  Burlington.  He 
<Traduated  from  the  Castleton  Medical  College  in  1828  and  had  practiced  allo- 
pathv   in  West  Granville   and   Hartford.     Burlington,   owing   to  the   medical 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  265 

department  of  the  Universitv  of  X'crmont.  was  nnfrieiuUv  to  homoeopathy, 
though  there  were  some  adherents  there;  but  Dr.  Bigelow  by  his  sterHng 
quaHties  compelled  the  respect  of  professional  rivals.  In  1870,  on  account  of 
ill  health,  he'  took  Dr.  Samuel  Worcester  into  partnership,  and  in  October. 
1871,  he  retired  entirely  from  practice  and  went  to  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin. 

Dr.  Worcester  was  born  February  5,  1847,  at  Epping,  N.  H.,  and  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1868.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  medical 
cadet,  U.  S.  A.,  and  served  in  the  national  general  hospital  at  Baltimore;  in 
1867  vi^as  appointed  assistant  physician  to  the  Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane 
at  Providence,  which  position  he  retained  until  1869,  when  he  spent  the  sum- 
mer as  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  Massachusetts  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 
in  Boston,  and  the  following  winter  in  the  Homceopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  April,  1870,  he  located  at  Concord,  Mass.,  but  on  Decem- 
ber I,  1870,  removed  to  Burlington,  Vt.    About  1874  he  went  to  Salem,  Mass. 

Dr.  Sanford  Wager  located  at  Burlington  about  the  same  time  as  Dr. 
Bigelow,  and  was  made  assistant  to  Drs.  Redfield  and  Whiting  in  their  wa- 
ter cure  establishment,  and  afterward  remained  there  as  a  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician. Dr.  Albert  Colvin  located  at  Burlington  in  1872.  He  graduated  at 
the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Medical  College.  He  remained  at  Burlington 
permanently.  Dr.  E.  B.  Whittaker,  a  student  of  Dr.  C.  B.  Currier  and  a 
graduate  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1868,  located  in 
Hinesburgh.  In  1875  Dr.  Darwin  H.  Roberts  was  located  at  Underbill 
Center. 

In  Essex  county  Dr.  Frank  E.  Dow  was  the  first  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician. He  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
and  soon  located  in  West  Concord.  In  1875  Drs.  Dow  and  G.  E.  Huntley 
were  practicing  in  that  town. 

In  Addison  county  the  first  honKcopathic  practitioner  was  Dr.  Oliver  J. 
Eels.  He  began  practice  in  Cornwall  in  1812.  and  for  the  most  of  his  life 
practiced  allopathy,  but  meeting  a  homfeopathic  ])hysician  in  western  New 
York  in  1854,  he  discussed  homoeopathy,  and  was  finally  ])crsuaded  to  try  it 
in  his  own  practice.  Dr.  Eels  began  his  cx]x-riments  without  the  knowledge 
of  his  patients.  His  success  was  so  marked  that  after  a  \ear  he  threw  away 
his  saddlebags  and  adopted  the  new  svstem  openly.  He  died  in  i860.  It 
is  written :  "  Todav  the  name  of  old  Doctor  Eels  is  still  a  household  word 
in  Cornwall.  HomVeopathv  owes  him  a  delit  of  gratitude,  for  from  that  nu- 
cleus in  Cornwall  we  can  'trace  all  the  growth  of  homceopathy  in  that  part 
of  the  state."  Dr.  Eels  educated  a  voung  man.  Dr.  R.  C.  Green,  who  grad- 
uated at  the  Cleveland  Homoeopatliic  Medical  College  in  1857,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  practiced  with  his  preceptor.  He  was  a  successful  practUidner.  l)ut 
died  voung,  February  9.  1866. 

Dr.  C.  B.  Currier  practiced  in  Cornwall  from  1860  \n  1864.  and  then 
located  in  Afiddlebury,  where  not  one  homceopathic  family  welcomed  him. 
It  was  the  county  seat  and  contained  manv  old  and  well  established  allopathic 
physicians  He  was  made  the  butt  of  ridicule,  as  were  the  little  sugar  pills 
he' administered.  He  was  manv  miles  from  a  hom<eopatliic  physician  and 
there  was  none  with  whom  to  counsel ;  but  fought  the  battle  alone  and  won 
bv  his  skill,  energy  and  sound  judgment.  In  the  spring  of  1874  he  took  an 
assistant,  and  in  1875  he  went  to  New  York,  but  afterward  ^moved  to  San 
Francisco.  Dr.  Currier's  asistant  was  Dr.  E.  T.  C  ra  ts,  of  Joilet,  111.,  who 
-raduated   from  the  Hahnemann  Medical   College  ot   Chicago  in    1870.     Dr. 


266  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Fred.  W.  Halsey,  a  graduate  of  the  National  College  of  Washington  in  1871, 
was  located  in  Middlebury  in  1880.  Dr.  G.  R.  Sanborn  of  New  Haven,  Vt., 
graduated  from  the  Pittsfield  Medical  College  in  1850,  and  practiced  allopathy 
for  three  years.  He  then  left  the  profession  to  devote  himself  to  farming.  In 
i860  his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  and  he  was  eventually  converted 
to  its  teachings  through  the  agency  of  Dr.  Currier.  He  procured  books  and 
medicines  and  in  due  season  began  practice. 

Dr.  Asa  A.  Arthur  graduated  from  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, New  York,  in  1868,  located,  first  at  Elizabethtown,  Essex  county,  and  a 
little  later  settled  in  \>rgennes.  Dr.  Melvin  D.  Smith  at  first  was  an  eclec- 
tic physician,  but  was  converted  to  homoeopathy,  and  in  1880  was  practicing 
in  Addison.  Dr.  I.  V.  Daggett,  graduate  of  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College,  1868.  student  of  Dr.  Currier,  commenced  practice  in  Canton, 
N.  Y.,  but  soon  settled  in  Whiting.  In  1870  Dr.  J.  R.  Hamblin  began  prac- 
tice at  Ripton,  remained  until  1875,  then  went  to  Starksboro,  and  in  1880 
he  was  in  practice  at  Bristol. 

Dr.  Hollis  Kendall  Bennett  practiced  for  a  time  at  Bristol  and  then  went 
to  Massachusetts. 

Dr.  Jane  A.  Rich  graduated  at  the  New  York  Medical  College  for  Wom- 
en in  1875  ^"d  practiced  in  Shoreham  through  the  summer  and  fall  of  1875. 
In  January,  1876,  she  went  to  New  York  city,  where  she  died  April  23,  1876. 
Dr.  J.  H.  Norton  was  practicing  in  Leicester  and  Dr.  Chas.  A.  Flanders  was 
at  West  Cornwall  in  1880.  Drs.  D.  C.  Noble  and  M.  D.  Smith  were  at  Mid- 
dlebury in  1899.  They  were  the  only  homoeopaths  in  Addison  county  in  that 
year. 

In  Bennington  county  Dr.  H.  Smith  was  in  practice  at  Bennington  in  1857, 
and  in  the  same  year  Dr.  R.  B.  Bruce  was  at  North  Bennington ;  Dr.  Harlan  P. 
Partridge  was  at  Bennington ;  Dr.  Chester  N.  Chamberlain  was  at  West  Rupert 
in  1875;  Dr.  H.  P.  Partridge.  Emma  E.  Stone,  and  N.  S.  Morgan  at  Benning- 
ton in  1880;  Dr.  A.  D.  Ayres  at  Bondville;  E.  L.  Wyman  at  Factory  Point;  F. 
R.  Hudson  at  North  Bennington;  C.  N.  Qiamberlain  at  Rupert,  and  Stanton 
L.  Hall  at  Bennington  in  1870.  ^ 

In  Franklin  county  in  1875  Dr.  Caleb  N.  Burleson  was  at  Franklin,  and 
Drs.  Stebbins  A.  Smith  and  Theodore  R.  Waugh  at  St.  Albans.  In  1880  Dr. 
H.  W.  Hamilton  was  at  Fairfax,  and  Dr.  C.  N.  Burleson  at  Franklin.  In 
1899  Dr.  H.  De  L.  Knickebocker  and  Dr.  T.  R.  Waugh  were  at  St.  Albans. 

In  La  Moille  county  Dr.  Nathan  Howland  Thomas  was  the  homoeopathic 
pioneer.  He  was  born  at  Woodstock,  March  13,  1802,  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Joseph  Gallup,  and  graduated  in  medicine  at  Woodstock  in  1830.  He 
went  to  Stowe  and  in  1831  opened  an  office,  but  was  obliged  to  teach  school 
while  gaining  a  professional  foothold  in  the  town.  About  1832  a  disease  ap- 
peared in  the  town  which  was  supposed  to  be  smallpox,  but  which  he  diag- 
nosed as  measles.  It  spread  and  raged  and  Dr.  Thomas  gained  the  name  of 
the  "  measles  doctor."  As  another  physician  had  diagnosed  the  disease  as 
smallpox,  Thomas'  reputation  was  established,  and  he  soon  had  a  good  busi- 
ness. For  twenty-two  years  he  practiced  allopathy,  but  after  1854  he  was  a 
homoeopath;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  oldest  homoeopathic  prac- 
titioner in  the  state.     He  always  lived  in  the  town  of  Stowe. 

Dr.  Merrit  G.  Powers  in  1875  was  in  practice  at  Johnson,  and  Chas.  A. 
Jackman  at  Morrisville.     In   1880  Dr.  H.  S.   Boardman  was  at  Cambridge; 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


267 


Moses  E.  Smith  at  Johnson ;  George  E.  Woodward  at  Morrisville,  and  N.  H. 
Thomas  at  Stowe. 

In  Orange  county  Dr.  A.  M.  Gushing  introduced  homceopathy  into  Brad- 
ford in  1856.  He  remained  but  a  short  time,  going  to  Lansingsburg,  N.  Y., 
and  later  to  Lynn,  Mass.  He  was  succeeded  in  Bradford  bv  Dr.  JuHan  Henry 
Jones,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  Gollege  of  Philadelphia  in  1869.  In 
1875  Dr.  Erdix  T.  Smith  was  at  East  Gorinth ;  Marcus  J.  Bixby  at  East 
Orange;  and  Martin  L.  Scott  at  West  Randolph.  In  1880  there  were  in 
Orange  county :  Dr.  J.  H.  Jones  at  Bradford  ;  Gelia  Elizabeth  Harris  at  Eliza- 
beth; M.  J.  Bixby  at  East  Orange,  and  Martin  L.  Scott  at  West  Randolph. 
In  1899  Dr.  Jones  was  still  at  Orange;  William  E.  Locke  at  Gorinth;  John 
F.  Shattuck  at  Wells  River,  and  Dr.  Scott  at  Randolph.  Dr.  Francis  A.  San- 
born located  at  Strafford  in  1859,  ^"d  removed  to  Ohio  in  1864. 

In  Rutland  county  Dr.  Gharles  Frederick  Adams  was  the  earliest  homoe- 
opathic practitioner,  having  located  at  Rutland  in  1858.  Dr.  Gharles  Wood- 
house  settled  there  in  1867.  In  1875  Dr.  II.  W.  Hamilton  was  at  Brandon; 
Alonzo  E.  Horton  at  East  Poultney ;  Ghas.  H.  Garpenter  at  Fair  Haven ;  A. 
V.  Marshall  at  Mendon ;  George  j.  Growley  at  Shrewsbury.  In  1880  Dr. 
Horton  was  at  East  Poultney ;  G.  H.  Garpenter  at  Fair  Haven ;  A.  V.  Mar- 
shall at  Pawlet ;  Geo.  J.  Growley,  G.  T.  Flanders  and  Ghas.  Woodhouse  at 
Rutland;  in  1899  Orrin  A.  Gee  was  at  Brando^;  Glenn  A.  Roberts  at  Gastle- 
ton ;  Arthur  S.  Murray  at  Fair  Haven ;  Dr.  Horton  at  East  Poultney ;  Horace 
B.  Denman  at  Pawlet;  Ghas.  A.  Flanders  at  Poultney. 

In  Windham  county  Dr.  Gharles  F.  Adams  located  at  Londonderry  in 
1849.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth.  At  Brattleborough  in  1848  Dr. 
Robert  Wesselhoeft  erected  a  hydropathic  establishment  in  connection  with 
homoeopathic  medication.  He  left  in  1852  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Drs.  G. 
W.  Grau  and  F.  Mueller.  Dr.  Grau  died  and  Dr.  Mueller  soon  afterward 
went  to  Montreal,  Dr.  David  P.  Dearborn  taking  his  place.  In  1880  Drs.  Da- 
vid P.  Dearborn  and  Henry  Tucker  were  at  Brattleborough,  and  W.  Gleason 
Willis  at  Jamaica. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Vermont  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  ongmally  was  of  some 
other  school;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1838  Baird,  David  H.     Troy 

1854  Bigelow,  Thomas  *   Burlington 

1847  Blodgett,  T.   S.  X  *  Burlington 

1850  Brigham,  G.  N.  *  Waitsfield 

1857  Bruce,  R.  B.     North  Bennington 

1857  Carpenter,  H.   H.   x   Derby  Centre 

1857  Chase,  H.  C.  x  Woodstock 

1857  Currier,  C.  B.  *  South  Troy 

1856  Cushing,   Alvin   M.     Bradford 
1843  Dean,    Amos     Woodstock 

1857  Dorr,  John  x  Cabot 

1847  Darling.  Charles  B.  *  Lyndon 

1854  Eels,  Oliver  J.  *  West  Cornwall 

1852  Evans,  Dr.       Barre 

1857  Grau,  C.  W.  x  Brattleboro 

1857  Green,  R.  C.  West  Cornwall 


1857  George  A.  x  Calais 

i860  Hamilton.  J.  R.     Woodstock 

1852  Hamilton.  H.  W.  *  Rochester 

1852  Houghton.    Henry    A.     Lyndon 

1856  Ploughton.   Alilo   G.     Lyndon 
i8'54  Holbrook,  P.  R.  x 

1857  Hunter,  Horatio  M.     St.  Johnsbury 
1854  Tenness.  Willard  W.  X     Derby  Centre 
i860  Jones.  Julian   H.      Bradford 

.1857  Mueller.  F.  x  Brattleboro 

i8s7  Neal.  J.  x  Canaan 

1R57  Paige,  J.  X  Ashuelot 

1857  Perkins,  S.  G.  x  Castleton 

1844  Pike.  A.  J.     Woodstock 

1856  Packer.  David  x 

1850  Randall,   Nathaniel      Woodstock 


268 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


1857  Redfield,  Dr.  x     Burlington  1845 

1859  Ruggles.  Anson  M.     Barton  1854 

1846  Sanborn,   Beniah   *   St.   Johnsbury  i860 

i860  Sanborn,  G.  R.  *  New  Haven  1854 

1850  Sanborn,  John  *  Hardwick  1850 

1854  Scott,    Chester    W.     Irasburgh  1849 

1857  Smith,  H.  X  Bennington  1847 

1853  Sparhawk,   George   E.    E.     Rochester      1846 
1857  Stone,  A.  B.  x  St.  Johnsbury  185.? 

1854  Stone,  Joshua  x  St.  Johnsbury  1856 
1857  Stevens.  J.   x   Newbury 


Taph"n,  T.  C.  Danville 
Taylor,  Cephas  R.   x  Hardwick 
Tucker,   Henry       Brattleboro 
Thomas,  Nathan  H.  *  Stowe 
Tilden,    J.    C.      Rochester 
Van  Deusen,  James  AI.      Warren 
Ward,  John  A.     Burlington 
Wesselhoeft,  Robert      Brattleboro 
Wager,  Sanford     Burlington 
Woodward,  Calvin  x  Danville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  2G1) 


CHAPTER  XVI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN  DELAWARE. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Treatment  of  Gosewisch  at  the  Hands  of  Delaware  Allopaths — His  Great  Work  for 
Homoeopathy — Harlan,  the  Second  Homoeopathic  Physician  in  the  State — Quinby — 
Negendank — Swinney — Curtis — Lawton — Tantum. 

Delaware  belongs  to  the  second  epoch  in  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in 
America.  The  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  to  enter  the  state  was  Dr.  J.  C. 
Gosewisch,  who  had  been  a  private  pupil  of  Wesselhoeft,  had  graduated  from 
Allentown  Academy,  and  then  located  in  Wilmington,  in  August,  1839.  Few 
people  then  knew  anything  of  the  system,  and  his  advent  was  met  with  oppo- 
sition and  ridicule.  The  law  of  the  state  required  that  no  person  not  a  practi- 
tioner prior  to  February  4,  1802,  should  practice  medicine  or  surgery  and 
collect  fees  therefor,  without  having  first  obtained  a  license  from  a  board 
of  examiners  consisting  of  three  members  of  the  state  medical  society.  Gose- 
wisch asked  for  such  an  examination,  received  it,  and  the  board  expressed 
satisfaction,  but  the  next  day  he  received  an  official  notice  refusing  his  re- 
quest for  a  license.  Then  a  petition  signed  by  many  friends  of  homoeopathy, 
and  of  fair  play,  was  presented  to  the  next  legislature  asking  for  redress.  In 
answer  to  this  demand  an  act  was  passed  and  the  following  is  an  extract  from 

it: 

"That  such  practitioners  of  medicine  upon  the  homoeopathic  system  exclusively, 
shall  have  full  power  and  right,  and  are  hereby  fully  authorized,  permitted  and  allowed 
to  charge,  receive,  demand,  claim,  sue  for  and  recover,  any  fee,  compensation,  reward 
or  pay  whatsoever,  for  or  on  account  of  any  such  practice  of  medicine,  or  for  or  on 
account  of  any  manner  of  service  rendered,  or  medicine  administered  or  prescribed 
in  or  about  the  same,  as  the  nature  of  the  case  may  admit,  and  as  may  be  consonant  to 
right,  equity  and  good  conscience;  to  be  recovered  in  the  like  manner,  as  debts  of  the 
same'  amount  are  recoverable  according  to  the  laws  of  this  state,  any  custom,  usage  or 
law   to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 

A  law  excluding  homoeopathic  practice  had  been  passed  m  Delaware  m 
January,  1835.  but  the  act  just  quoted  from,  passed  January  27,  1843,  through 
the  efforts  of  Dr.  Gosewisch,  placed  homoeopathy  upon  precisely  the  same  legal 
basis  as  that  of  the  allopathic  system  of  medicine. 

HOMOEOPATHIC   MEDICAL  SOCIETY  OF  DELAWARE. 

The  first  general  homoeopathic  society  organization  in  the  state  was  that 
known  as  the  Delaware  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  and  was  organ- 
ized in  Wilmington  in  November,  1874.  It  was  not  mcorporated  and  held  its 
annual  meetings  in  different  parts  of  the  state.  The  first  officers  were  Dr. 
L.  Lukens  of  Newport,  president;  Dr.  L.  Kittinger  of  Wilmington,  vice-presi- 
dent; Dr.  J.  M.  Curtis  of  Wilmington,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Dr.  L.  H. 
Lawton  of  Wilmington,  corresponding  secretary ;  Drs.  J.  R.  iantum.  J.  K. 
Shaw  and  C.  H.  Lawton,  censors.  The  society  held  meetings  with  reasonable 
regularitv  for  several  years,  but  later  there  came  a  decline  followed  by  a  re- 


270  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

organization  in  1884  under  the  name  of  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of 
Delaware  and  the  Peninsula.  The  society  was  incorporated  in  1889.  At 
first  it  met  annually  in  Wilmington,  later  semi-annually,  and  afterward  quar- 
terly in  different  places.  At  the  present  time  the  annual  meeting  is  held  in 
Wilmington  in   November.     Membership  in   1903,  thirty. 

The  Wilmington  Medical  Club,  otherwise  known  as  the  Hughes  Club, 
was  organized  in  Wilmington  in  1883  and  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
the  state  in  1889.  Its  meetings,  held  weekly,  are  social  in  character,  and  are 
made  specially  interesting  by  the  discussion  of  medical  and  scientific  subjects. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Wilmington,  is  one  of  the  noblest  charities 
of  the  city  and  state,  and  was  brought  into  existence  in  answer  to  a  positive 


Jos.   R.    lantiim,   M.  D. 

need  for  such  an  institution.  The  movement  to  that  end  began  in  1887.  and 
its  chief  promoter  outside  the  profession  was  Mrs.  J.  Taylor  Cause,  who 
promised  and  gave  substantial  aid  to  the  undertaking.  For  the  purpose  of 
carrying  out  the  plans  then  suggested  a  hospital  association  of  homoeopathic 
physicians  was  formed,  and  its  chief  auxiliary  was  a  ladies'  aid  society.  Mrs. 
Cause  was  president  of  the  aid  association,  organized  November  19,  1887, 
the  other  officers  being  as  follows:  Mrs.  L.  Kittinger,  vice-president;  Mrs. 
Ceorge  W.  Stone,  recording  secretary  and  treasurer;  Mrs.  C.  B.  Smyth,  cor- 
responding secretary.  Various  committees  and  advisory  boards  were  consti- 
tuted, resolutions  were  adopted,  and  the  hospital  became  an  assured  fact.  The 
board  of  lady  managers  numbered  twenty-seven  members.  ]\Irs.  Cause  gen- 
erously offered  the  association  the  free  use  of  a  comfortable  building  for  one 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  271 

year,  with  the  privilege  of  its  purchase  at  the  end  of  that  time.  The  hospital 
was  opened  February  lo,  1888;  the  association  was  incorporated  January  31, 
1889,  and  on  February  9  following  organization  was  perfected  under  the  in- 
corporation. On  March  2,  1888,  an  auxiliary  association  known  as  "Juniors  " 
was  formed,  and  in  June  following  the  "  Children's  Band  of  Hospital  Work- 
ers "  was  organized.  The  donations  of  ]\Irs.  Cause,  including  rent  of  build- 
ing, equalled  $3,000,  and  later  the  institution  was  still  more  largely  benefited 
by  her  generosity.  In  April,  1889,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cause  presented  a  furnished 
hospital  pavilion  to  the  corporation.  In  1899  the  debt  of  $9,000  owing 
by  the  corporation  was  paid  by  Emma  and  Annie  R.  Latimer.  The  new  build- 
ing cost  about  $40,000.     It  has  accommodations  for  fifty  patients. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Gosewisch,  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Delaware,  was  a  native  of 
Peine,  kingdom  of  Hanover,  born  May  14,  1808,  and  practiced  medicine  in 
Wilmington  many  years,  establishing  a  large  business  and  making  many 
friends.  His  death  occurred  in  May,  1854.  It  is  said  that  he  never  gave  medi- 
cine below  the  thirtieth  potency. 


TT(im(EO])atliu'   Hospital   of   Delaware. 

Dr.  Caleb  Harlan  was  probably  the  second  practitioner  of  homoeopathy 
in  Delaware.  He  had  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1836,  and  had  practiced  allopathy  in  Milltown,  Newcastle  county,  where  he 
was  born  on  October  13',  1814.  In  1846  his  attention  was  called  to  the  new 
medical  system,  and  in  1847  li^'  removed  to  W^ilmington,  where  he  began  its 
practice.  Being  the  first  physician  of  the  prevailing  school  to  adopt  homoe- 
opathy, his  action  met  with  the  most  violent  opposition  from  his  former  col- 
leagues; he  was  attacked  in  public  debate  and  in  the  daily  papers,  but  was 
well  able  to  defend  himself  and  the  system. 

In  1855  he  published  an  able  pamphlet  entitled  "  A  Lecture  on  Allopathy 
and  Homoeopathv."  He  was  a  man  of  considerable  literary  ability  and  in  i860 
pubhshed  a  poem,  "  Ida  Randol])h  of  X'irginia,"  and  in  1870  another,  "  Elflora 
of  the   Susquehanna."     For  several   years   he   delivered   lectures   on   anatomy 


272 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


and  physioloiT^y,  hygiene  and  organic  chemistry  in  the  State  Normal  Univer- 
sity at  Wihnington. 

In  1852  Dr.  W'atson  Fell  Ouinby  located  in  Delaware,  where  he  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  had  graduated  from  the  Jefiferson  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia  in  1847,  ^"<i  soon  afterward  became  satisfied  that  in 
homoeopathy  he  found  that  exactitude  of  practice  that  was  lacking  in  the  old 
school  methods.  He  travelled  through  the  northern  and  southern  states,  and 
for  a  time  took  the  practice  of  Dr.  Belden  at  Mobile.  He  went  to  California 
with  the  pioneers  of  1849.  In  1852  he  paid  a  short  visit  to  Delaware  and,  mar- 
rying February  22,  1855.  he  settled  in  his  native  place,  Brandywine  Springs, 
Newcastle  county.     In  1863  he  removed  to  Wilmington. 

Dr.  August  Negendank  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Wil- 


Caleb  Harlan,  M.  D. 

mington  in  1854.  He  was  born  in  Gustrow,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  August 
6,  1823.  He  came  to  America  in  1849,  ^"^^  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  G.  Pehr- 
son  of  Philadelphia,  remaining  with  him  for  three  years  and  at  the  same  time 
attending  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Medicine,  from  which  institution  he 
graduated.  He  then  acted  as  an  assistant  to  Dr.  Hering  for  two  years,  after 
which  he  located  at  Wilmington. 

In  1857  the  following  homoeopathic  practitioners  were  located  in  Dela- 
ware. Dr.  Watson  Fell  Quinby,  Milltown ;  Dr.  J.  K.  Bryant,  Newark;  Drs. 
Caleb  Harlan,  August  Negendank,  and  William  Way  Thomas,  Wilmington. 
There  were  onlv  these  five  practitioners  in  the  state  at  that  time.  In  1869 
Drs.  E.  S.  Anderson  and  J.  F.  Baker  were  at  Dover ;  Drs.  John  Mitchell  Cur- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


273 


tis,  Caleb  Harlan,  Leonard  Kittinger,  August  Negendank,  Watson  Fell  Quin- 
by,  Joseph  R.  Tantum  and  William  Way  Thomas  were  at  Wilmington. 

In  1875  Dr.  J.  G.  Swinney  was  at  Smyrna  and  in  addition  to  the  prac- 
titioners in  Wilmington  previously  mentioned,  were  Drs.  H.  Burr,  J.  C.  Devon, 
Charles  H.  Lawton  and  W.  B.  Maloney.  The  following  were  located  in  New 
Castle  county :  Dr.  A.  Irons,  at  Newport ;  Dr.  William  F.  Kennedy,  at  Mid- 
dletown ;  Dr.  Isaiah  Lukens,  at  Newport ;  Dr.  Alex  R.  Shaw,  at  Newark. 

In  1886  there  were  twenty-nine  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state, 
of  whom  sixteen  were  in  Wilmington.  In  1895  there  were  thirty-one,  of 
whorn  nineteen  were  in  Wilmington.  In  1904  the  number  in  the  state  was 
thirty,  twenty-one  being  in  Wilmington. 


Chas.  II.  Lawton,  U.  D. 


Dr.  Leonard  Kittinger,  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  27,  1834,  was  one  of 
the  early  homoeopathic  physicians  of  Delaware.  He  became  a  student  of  Dr. 
O.  B.  Cause  in  Philadelphia,  and  graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1863.  He  then  located  at  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  and  a 
little  later  went  to  Flemington.  In  April,  1866,  he  located  at  Wilmington 
where  he  built  up  an  extensive  practice. 

Dr.  William  Way  Thomas  was  born  in  Delaware.  He  engaged  in  busi- 
ness pursuits  but  became  an  invalid,  and  after  years  of  treatment  at  allopathic 
hands  he  had  recourse  to  homoeopathy,  which  in  a  short  time  effected  such 
beneficial  results  that  he  resolved  to  practice  that  system.  He  became  a  stu- 
dent of  Dr.  Gosewisch,  attended  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  Collge  in  Philadel- 
phia, but  graduated  from  the  Western  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  at 
Cleveland  in   i860. 

Dr.  John  Gillette  Swinney,  of  Smyrna,  died  at  Shiloh,  December  27,  1894, 


274  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

at  the  age  of  fifty  years.  He  graduated  at  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1872.  He  was  an  old  army  veteran,  having  served  in  the 
Twelfth  regiment,  New  Jersey  volunteers,  and  was  wounded  in  the  Battle  of 
the  Wilderness.     He  practiced  at  Smyrna. 

Dr.  John  Mitchell  Curtis  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  June  21,  1846,  edu- 
cated at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where  he  graduated  in  1865.  In 
1869  he  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  and 
located  in  Wilmington. 

Dr.  Qiarles  Henry  Lawton  was  born  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  February  15, 
1832.  He  became  the  student  of  Dr.  Page,  of  Boston,  who  was  a  practitioner 
with  electricity,  and  he  devoted  himself  for  fourteen  years  to  the  practice  of 
electro-therapeutics  in  Providence,  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Wilmington. 
Having  no  confidence  in  old  school  drugging,  he  avoided  all  medication  until 
1870,  when  he  became  satisfied  that  there  was  a  scientific  basis  to  homoeopathy. 
He  entered  Hahnemann  College  of  Philadelphia  and  graduated  there  in  1871. 
He  then  opened  an  office  as  a  homoeopathic  physician  in  Wilmington.  His 
death  occurred  July  6,  1894. 

Dr.  Joseph  R.  Tantum  was  born  in  Monmouth  county,  N.  J..  April 
12,  1834.  He  engaged  in  the  drug  business  for  a  time,  but  ill  health  com- 
pelled him  to  relinquish  that,  and  having  become  convinced  of  the  truth  of 
iiomoeopathy  he  commenced  its  study  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Cause  of 
Philadelphia.  He  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1865,  and  soon  afterward  removed  to  Wilmington. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Delaware  previous  to  and  including  the  year 
1870.  The  date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began 
the  practice  of  homeoeopathy. 

1866  Anderson,   Edwin    S.     Dover  1863  Kittinger,   Leonard     Wilmington 

1857  Br>'ant.   J.  K.     Newark  1852  Quinby,  Watson  F.     Milltown 

1869  Curtis,   John   M.     Dover  1854  Negendank,    August     Wilmmgton 

1839  Gosewisch,   J.    C.     Wilmington  Tantum,    J.    R.     Wilmmgton 

1846  Harlan,   Caleb     Wilmington  i860  Thomas,    William    W.     Wilmmgton 


!l 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  275 


CHAPTER  XVH 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    RHODE    ISLAND. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford.  M.  D. 

Parlin,  the  Pioneer  of  Homoeopathy  in  Rhode  Island — His  Accomplishments  and  Politi- 
cal Misfortunes — Early  Homoeopathic  Practitioners  in  the  Several  Towns  of  the 
State — Reminiscences,  Statistics  and  Biography. 

The  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Rhode  Island  was  Dr.  Louis  Parlin,  be- 
lieved to  have  been  a  Frenchman,  or  of  that  extraction,  who  settled  in  Provi- 
dence in  1839,  and  during  the  next  two  or  three  years  practiced  his  profes- 
sion and  even  went  beyond  the  limits  of  ordinary  professional  duty  to  enlist 
himself  under  the  banner  of  one  Dorr  in  an  abortive  attempt  to  overthrow  the 
established  system  of  government  and  set  up  a  new  rule  for  the  political 
guidance  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  jurisdiction.  Naturally,  the  Dorr  move- 
ment came  to  an  abrupt  end  and  its  leaders  were  dispersed  without  severe 
punishment ;  and  Parlin  who  for  the  time  had  forsaken  his  small  phials  and 
little  doses  for  the  weightier  cause  of  liberty,  as  he  understood  it,  found  him- 
self personce  non  grata  in  Rhode  Island,  and  forsooth,  to  save  himself  from 
the  law — not  justice,  for  the  cause  he  espoused  was  well  grounded  in  justice 
— he  left  the  state.    Sic  transit  gloria  miindi. 

Whatever  the  justice  of  the  political  movement  in  which  our  good  Dr. 
Parlin  was  such  an  earnest  participant,  the  fact  remains  that  his  departure 
from  the  state  under  cloud  was  greeted  with  allopathic  approval,  for  tradition 
says  that  Parlin  was  decidedly  a  man  of  parts,  a  scholar,  conversant  with 
several  foreign  languages,  versed  in  the  classics,  popular  with  the  people,  al- 
ways a  courteous  gentleman,  and  withal,  so  well  grounded  in  homoeopathic 
medicine  as  to  set  at  naught  all  the  assaults  of  the  allopathic  enemy  against 
the  doctrine  promulgaated  by  Hahnemann. 

Dr.  Parlin  took  his  degree  at  old  Bowdoin  College  at  Brunswick,  Maine, 
but  where  and  through  just  what  influences,  other  than  his  own  sense  of  ap- 
preciation, he  was  led  to  accept  the  doctrine  of  similia  is  not  nov/  known;  nor 
is  it  important,  as  his  professional  career  in  Providence  extended  only  from 
1839  to  1842,  and  it  is  said  that  the  scene  of  his  later  life  was  laid  in  foreign 

parts.  .    . 

Following  Dr.  Parlin's  time  Rhode  Island  for  some  years  was  a  mission- 
ary field  for  homoeopathic  practitioners  from  New  York  and  Boston,  among 
whom  were  Dr.  William  Channing,  who  visited  Providence  occasionally  from 
1839  to  1841  •  Dr.  Phineas  Parkhurst  Wells,  who  also  visited  there  from  his 
home  in  Brooklyn ;  Dr.  Josiah  Foster  Flagg,  whose  labors  there  were  directed 
from  his  home  in  Boston;  and  Dr.  Abraham  Howard  Okie,  a  product  of 
Allentown  Academy,  and  who  settled  in  Providence  in  1842. 

Rhode  Island  never  has  been  known  as  the  prolific  mother  of  homoe- 
opathic societies,  but  such  as  have  been  formed  have  been  of  an  enduring 
character  and  instrumental  in  the  accomplishment  of  much  good  work  in  ad- 
vancing the  interests  of  the  profession.     The  Rhode    Island    Homoeopathic 


276  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Society  dates  its  history  from  the  year  1850,  and  was  organized  largely 
through  the  efforts  of  Drs.  Okie  and  Preston ;  the  Hahnemann  Medical  So- 
ciety of  Rhode  Island  was  organized  in  1854;  the  Ladies'  Rhode  Island  Homoe- 
opathic Hospital  Aid  Association  in  1873,  ^"d  the  Rhode  Island  Homceopathic 
Library  Association  in  1877.  The  Rhode  Island  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  at 
Providence,  was  incorporated  in  1878  and  organized  in  1881. 

RHODE    ISLAND    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

The  Rhode  Island  Homoeopathic  Society  was  organized  and  a  charter 
secured  in  1847,  ^^^d  for  a  short  time  held  quarterly  meetings.  On  May  i, 
1850,  Drs.  A.  H.  Okie  and  H.  C.  Preston  issued  a  circular  to  all  homoeopathic 
physicians  in  the  state  inviting  them  to  meet  in  Providence  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  a  state  homoeopathic  society ;  and  in  response  to  this  request  a 
meeting  was  held  in  that  city  May  11,  1850,  eleven  physicians  present.  An 
organization  was  then  effected  and  Dr.  Okie  was  elected  president  of  the 
society  then  formed.  Of  the  subsequent  history  of  this  pioneer  organization 
of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  little  is  now  known,  except  that  it  was  of  com- 
paratively brief  existence,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Hahnemannian  Medical 
Society  of  Rhode  Island,  organized  in  Providence,  October  21,  1854,  with 
these  officers :  Dr.  A.  Howard  Okie,  president ;  Dr.  G.  C.  McKnight,  vice- 
president;  Dr.  N.  Francis  Cooke,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Drs.  J.  J.  DeWolf 
and  Washington  Hoppin,  censors.  The  society  began  its  history  with  seven- 
teen members,  but  it  was  discontinued  about  1862.  In  1873  the  present  so- 
ciety was  organized.  On  September  23  of  that  year,  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Providence,  the  Rhode  Island  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  held  its  first 
session  under  the  reorganization,  and  the  first  annual  meeting  was  held  in 
the  same  city  January  2,  1874.  At  that  time  the  officers  elected  were:  Dr. 
Ira  Barrows,  of  Providence,  president ;  Dr.  J.  E.  Wheaton,  of  Pawtucket, 
vice-president;  Dr.  G.  A.  Wilcox,  of  Providence,  treasurer;  Dr.  Edward  B. 
Knight,  of  Providence,  secretary.  For  a  time  the  society  held  monthly 
meetings,  but  afterward  m.et  quarterly  in  April,  July  and  October,  with  the 
annual  meeting  in  Providence  in  January.     Membership  in  1903,  forty-seven. 

The  Rhode  Island  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  which  passed  out  of  existence 
as  an  institution  of  the  city  of  Providence,  was  incorporated  in  May,  1878, 
and  the  business  association  for  the  conduct  of  its  aft'airs  was  organized  in 
the  latter  part  of  188 1.  In  1885  the  trustees  purchased  the  property  formerly 
owned  by  Governor  Smith,  in  Olney  street,  which  was  arranged  and  refitted 
for  its  intended  new  occupancy  largely  through  the  kind  offices  of  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Association,  the  latter  also  having  been  regularly  incorporated.  The 
hospital  buildings  were  dedicated  February  16,  1886.  and  the  formal  opening 
took  place  March  23  following.  In  1801  the  property  was  sold  under  mort- 
gage foreclosure  proceedings. 

REMINISCENCES. 

In  1843  Dr.  John  J.  De  Wolf,  who  had  been  an  allopathic  practitioner  in 
Bristol.  R.  I.,  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  settled  in 
Providence. 

Dr.  Ira  Barrows  went  to  Providence  from  Norton,  Mass.,  in  1850.  In 
1842,  in  conversation  with  Dr.  P.  P.  Wells  concerning  the  truth  of  homoe- 
opathy he  was  induced  to  make  a  trial  of  that  treatment  in  a  number  of  stub- 
born cases,  and  the  result  was  that  he  continued  his  experiments,  and  after 


HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY  277 

some  months  became  satisfied  of  the  truth  of  the  system  and  openly  adopted 
it  in  his  practice  in  Norton.  He  became  one  of  the  most  popular  physicians 
in  Providence,  living  there  for  many  years.  His  influence  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  establishing  homoeopathy  on  a  firm  basis  in  the  state.  Dr. 
William  Ezra  Barrows,  son  of  Ira,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Hahnemann  Med- 
ical College  of  Philadelphia  in  1871,  was  associated  tvith  his  father  in  practice. 

About  1845  Washington  Hoppin  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Okie  as  his 
first  student.  After  his  graduation  in  1850  he  returned  to  Providence  and 
in  1857  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  Barrows,  and  later  with  his  brother, 
Dr.  Courtland  Hoppin. 

Dr.   Grenville   S.   Stevens  opened   an  office  in    Providence  in    1854.     Dr. 


George   B.    Peck,   M.   D. 

Addington  K.  Davenport  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1855,  and  located  at  Providence.  He  died  in  1864.  .  Dr. 
William  A.  Von  Gottschalk  settled  in  the  city  in  1855,  and  Dr.  George  D. 
Wilcox,  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  New  York, 
located  there  about  the  same  time.  He  became  partner  with  Dr.  Barrows. 
Dr.  Courtland  Hoppin  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  New  York  and  located  in  Providence  in  i860.  For  ten  years  he 
held  the  position  of  physician  to  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum.  Dr.  Isaac 
W.  Sawin  went  to  Providence  in  1867.  A  noteworthy  pioneer  in  Rhode 
Island  was  Dr.  Peleg  Clark,  who  after  practicing  allopathy  for  many  years, 
in  1844  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  began  to  practice 


278  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

it.  He  went  to  Providence  from  Ouidnunck.  Dr.  Henry  Canfield  Preston 
practiced  in  Providence  from  1848  to  1857,  removing  thence  to  St.  Johns,  N. 
B.  He  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  1848.  Dr.  Charles  G.  McKnight 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  profession  in  Providence.  He  began  practice 
previous  to  1847,  ^o^  in  that  year  he  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoe- 
opathy. Dr.  A.  P.  King  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  University,  and  prac- 
ticed allopathy  in  Providence  for  several  years,  but  became  a  convert  to 
homoeopathy  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Okie.  Dr.  Isaac  Senter  Crocker 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
185 1,  and  afterward  practiced  in  Providence.  He  died  there  October  26, 
1866,  aged  thirty-eight  years.  Dr.  M.  F.  Cooke  also  was  in  practice  there. 
Dr.  Avery  B.  Foster  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  in  1856,  attended  hospital  practice  one  year,  and  in  1857  settled  in 
Providence.  Dr.  George  L.  Barnes,  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1862,  settled  in  Providence  in  1870.  Drs.  Charles 
P.  Loring,  Robert  Hall,  George  B.  Peck,  William  Jay  Smith,  have  also  been 
in  practice  in  Providence.  Dr.  Peck  is  a  leading  practitioner  there  at  the 
present  time. 

In  1852  there  were  in  the  state  of  Rhode  Island  but  twelve  practitioners: 
Drs.  Ira  Barrows,  Isaac  S.  Crocker,  John  J.  De  Wolf,  Washington  Hoppin, 
Charles  G.  McKnight,  Abraham  H.  Okie  and  Henry  C.  Preston,  located  in 
Providence ;  Dr.  Peleg  Clark  at  Coventry ;  Dr.  Daniel  H.  Greene  at  East 
Greenwich ;  Dr.  Amory  Gale  at  Woonsocket ;  and  Charles  P.  Manchester  and 
James  S.  Wheaton  at  Pawtucket.  Dr.  Manchester  adopted  the  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1843  ^"^  made  his  beginning  at  Pawtucket.  Dr.  James  Lucas 
Wheaton  graduated  at  the  Berkshire  I\Iedical  College  in  1847.  I^  1867  Dr. 
Oliver  Henry  Arnold  graduated  at  Harvard  Medical  College  and  the  same 
year  settled  in  Pawtucket. 

Dr.  Charles  F.  Saunders,  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1855,  practiced  in  Pawtucket.  He  died  January  4, 
1862,  aged  twenty-nine  years.  Dr.  C.  W.  Harris  was  located  in  Pawtucket 
in  1847.     ^is  name  is  on  the  list  of  members  of  the  institute  for  1848. 

In  1844  Dr.  Peleg  Clark,  who  was  located  at  Centreville,  became  a 
homoeopath.  In  1853  Dr.  Asa  W.  Brown  graduated  from  the  Cleveland 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  and  settled  in  Centreville,  remaining  two  years, 
and  then  went  to  Mystic  Bridge,  Conn.  Drs.  A.  W.  Brown  and  Robert  Hall 
were  at  Centreville;  Dr.  A.  G.  Sprague  located  in  Centreville  in  1866,  having 
been  discharged  from  service  as  surgeon  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In  Slaters- 
ville  Dr.  Elam  Clark  Knight  practiced  for  a  time  in  1852,  but  went  to  Water- 
bury,  Conn.  He  became  a  convert  in  1852.  Dr.  Allen  Tillinghast  gradu- 
ated from  the  Berkshire  Medical  College  in  1843,  ^"^  after  practicing  allop- 
athy until  1854  adopted  homoeopathy.  He  was  located  in  Coventry.  He 
also  practiced  for  a  time  at  Clayville  and  Washington  village.  Dr.  William 
Hughes  Richards  graduated  at  Harvard  Medical  College  in  1866,  and  the 
same  year  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Phoenix.  Dr.  J.  B.  Tilling- 
hast, a  graduate  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1872, 
commenced  practice  at  Summit,  R.  I.,  and  was  in  partnership  with  his  father 
there  for  a  year.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  located  at  Phoenix.  In  Scituate, 
Dr.  James  E.  Roberts,  who  had  graduated  at  the  University  of  New  York  in 
1842  and  who  had  practiced  allopathy,  in  1856  declared  his  belief  in  homoe- 
opathy.    Dr.   Gilbert  Clark  was   located  at   Warren   for   several  years.     Dr. 


HISTORY  OF  HOAICEOPATHY  279 

Henry  Boynton  was  for  a  time  located  at  Bristol.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Greene  is 
regarded  as  the  father  of  homoeopathy  in  Newport.  He  studied  at  Brown 
University  and  Amherst  College,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy 
in  1850  at  Newport.  In  1873  he  withdrew  from  practice,  leaving  in  his  place 
his  partner,  Dr.  N.  G.  Stanton,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  University  in  1868. 
Dr.  Squire,  a  classmate,  afterwards  became  Dr.  Stanton's  partner.  In  1872 
Dr.  Nathaniel  Ray  Chase  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  and  located  at  Newport.  Dr.  Tullio  Suzzara  Verdi  commenced 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Newport  in  1856,  having  just  graduated  from 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  He  went  to  Washing- 
ton in  1857. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Woonsocket  in  1858  by  Dr.  Richard 
Garrique.  Dr.  J.  H.  Knowles,  who  for  thirty  years  had  been  an  old  school 
practitioner,  became  a  homoeopathist  in  1850.  His  field  of  practice  was 
Woodville.     Dr.   E.   G.   Carpenter  became  his  partner  about   1875. 

In  Wakefield  Dr.  W.  H.  Hazard,  who  had  been  an  allopath,  began  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy  in  i860.  In  Westerly,  Dr.  L.  A.  Palmer,  who  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Shurtleff  Medical  College  of  Alton,  111.,  in  1840,  practiced 
allopathy  for  twenty  years,  but  in  1861  became  a  homoeopath,  being  in- 
duced to  make  the  change  by  a  fellow  practitioner.  Dr.  William  Robinson. 
Dr.  Robinson  had  practiced  in  Westerly  for  sixty  years  and  had  become  con- 
verted to  homoeopathy  by  his  son-in-law.  Dr.  Horatio  Robinson,  of  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  about  1856.  Drs.  S.  M.  Fletcher  and  Lucy  A.  Babcock  also  practiced 
in  Westerly. 

Dr.  Thomas  H.  Mann  settled  at  New  Shoreham  on  Block  Island  in  1870. 
When  he  went  there  an  allopath  held  full  sway,  but  the  new  system  soon 
gained  favor  and  within  a  year  the  old  school  man  departed,  leaving  the 
homoeopathic  physician  in  control.  After  five  years  Dr.  Mann  found  himself 
in  a  peculiar  situation,  having  no  patients.  He  had  cured  them  all,  and 
under  his  system  of  medication  and  hygiene  there  was  little  sickness.  He 
could  not  support  his  family  on  the  limited  practice  there,  and  in  1876  de- 
cided to  leave  the  island,  but  the  town  council  induced  him  to  remain  by  voting 
him  a  fixed  annual  salary  of  $1,800. 

In  1857  there  were  twenty-nine  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state, 
thirteen  being  in  Providence.  In  1870  there  were  thirty-six,  fifteen  being 
in  Providence;  in  1875  there  were  forty-six  in  the  state,  twenty-seven  being 
in  Providence;  in  1887  there  were  73,  thirty-seven  being  in  Providence.  In 
1899  there  were  in  Providence  forty-nine  homoeopathic  physicians,  and  eighty- 
four  in  the  state.  In  1904  there  were  fifty-nine  homoeopathic  practitioners 
in  the  state. 

Dr.  William  B.  Hamlin  opened  a  homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  Providence 
in  1854,  and  sold  in  1866  to  William  E,  Clarke.  This  pharmacy,  after  pass- 
ing through  various  hands,  was  discontinued.  In  1875  Henry  J.  Denham 
opened  a  pharmacy  in  Providence.  On  December  i,  1877,  Otis  Clapp  &  Son 
opened  a  branch  establishment  in  Providence.     This  is  still  continued. 

Dr.  Ira  Barrows,  of  whom  incidental  mention  has  been  made,  was  born 
in  South  Attleborough,  Mass.,  November  18,  1804.  He  graduated  from 
Brown  University  in  1824,  and  at  once  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  Artemus  Johnson  in  Pawtucket.  He  graduated  from  Harvard  Med- 
ical School  in  1827  and  began  practice  in  Pawtucket.  In  1837,  suffering  from 
feeble  health,  he  sold  his  business  to  Dr.  Benoni  Carpenter  and  went  to  Cin- 


280  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

cinnati.  He  returned  to  the  east  in  1840  and  located  in  Norton,  Mass.,  thir- 
teen miles  from  Pawtucket,  where  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  Car- 
penter. This  relation  continued  about  eight  months.  In  1842  Dr.  Barrows 
adopted  the  homoeopathic  system  of  practice.  His  rides  extended  through 
the  towns  in  Bristol  county  and  into  Pawtucket.  Early  in  his  practice  ques- 
tion arose  as  to  his  right  to  practice  in  that  place  after  having  sold  his  business 
to  Dr.  Carpenter.  Dr.  Barrows  contended  that  the  partnership  rendered 
void  the  pledge  and  that  his  practice  as  a  homoeopath  could  not  affect  Dr. 
Carpenter,  an  allopath.  The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  of  which  both 
were  members,  decided  against  Dr.  Barrows  and  expelled  him.  In  1850  he 
removed  to  Providence  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  George  D. 
Wilcox.  Here  he  remained  until  his  death,  October  14,  1882.  at  the  age  of 
i:eventy-eight  years.  He  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 
1846.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Rhode  Island  Homoeopathic  Society,  and  a 
stalwart  in  his  profession. 

Dr.  Washington  Hoppin,  another  of  the  Rhode  Island  pioneers,  was 
born  in  Providence,  January  2,  1827.  In  1843  he  entered  Brown  Univer- 
sity, but  on  account  of  ill  health  was  compelled  to  leave  before  graduation. 
In  1844  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Okie,  attended  lectures  at 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  and  afterward  at  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  in  1850. 
He  then  returned  to  Providence  and  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Ira 
Barrows,  and  later  with  his  own  brother,  Dr.  Courtland  Hoppin.  He  died 
April  I,  1867,  leaving  a  widow  and  five  children. 

Dr.  Courtland  Hoppin  was  born  in  Providence,  September  5,  1834.  He 
graduated  from  Brown  University  in  1855,  read  medicine  with  Drs.  Barrow 
and  Hoppin,  and  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in 
New  York  in  i860.  He  practiced  in  Providence  until  his  death,  October  19, 
1876. 

Dr.  Peleg  Clarke  was  born  in  Richmond.  R.  I.,  August  5,  1784.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.-  Nathan  Knight,  of  South  Kingston,  and  with  Dr. 
Caleb  Fiske,  of  Johnston.  In  1808  he  commenced  practice  in  Johnston,  where 
lie  continued  until  1813.  In  that  year  he  attended  lectures  at  the  medical 
<-lepartment  of  Brown  University.  In  1832  he  went  to  Coventry,  practicing 
there  until  1844.  He  then  adopted  homoeopathy,  and  practiced  it  in  Coven- 
trv  for  some  years,  but  later  went  to  East  Providence,  where  he  died  January 
1,  1875,  in  his  ninety-first  year.  He  had  practiced  for  sixty  years,  his  circuit 
extending  through  the  villages  on  the  north  and  south  branches  of  the  Paw- 
tuxet  river  in  central  Rhode  Island.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Homoeopathic  Society ;  joined  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in 
1846;  was  a  petitioner  for  the  charter  for  the, first  medical  society  in  the  state; 
was  an  active  temperance  reformer,  and  an  earnest  anti-slavery  advocate. 
Of  him  William  Lloyd  Garrison  wrote :  "  By  those  who  knew  him  well  he 
was  equally  revered  and  beloved ;  and  to  them  his  memory  will  be  ever 
precious." 

Dr.  Daniel  H.  Green  was  born  in  East  Greenwich,  April  15,  1807.  He 
studied  with  Dr.  Caleb  Fiske,  of  Scituate,  and  after  completing  his  medical 
education '  opened  an  office  at  Natick,  where  he  practiced  eight  years.  In 
1840  he  removed  to  East  Greenwich,  where  he  afterward  lived.  He  also 
maintained  an  office  in  Providence.  He  became  a  believer  in  homoeopathy  in 
1850. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  2S1 

Dr.  Isaac  Warren  Sawin  was  born  in  Dover,  Norfolk  county,  Mass., 
December  30,  1823.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  P.  T.  Bowen,  of  Provi- 
dence, and  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine 
at  Cleveland  in  1857.  He  then  located  in  Centre  Dale,  near  Providence,  and 
remained  there  several  years,  removing  to  Providence  in  1867.  Dr.  Gren- 
ville  Smith  Stevens  was  born  in  Raynham,  Mass.,  July  10,  1829.  He  gradu- 
ated from  Brown  University  in  1852.  studied  medicine  with  Drs.  Barrows 
and  Graves,  of  Taunton,  and  with  Dr.  Okie,  of  Providence.  He  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  Pittsfield  Medical  School,  and  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  where  he  graduated  in  1854.  In  July  of 
the  same  year,  during  the  cholera  epidemic,  he  went  to  Chicago.  He  re- 
mained there  three  weeks  when,  being  taken  ill.  he  returned  to  the  east  and 
in  August,  1854,  opened  an  office  in  Providence,  where  he  established  a  large 
practice. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  Greene  was  born  in  Cumberland  Island,  Ga.,  about  1808. 
He  became  a  homceopath  in  1850,  and  practiced  for  manv  years  in  Newport. 
He  withdrew  from  practice  in  1873  and  removed  to  Middletown.  R.  I.,  where 
he  passed  the  rest  of  his  life.     He  died  the  first  week  in  July,  1899. 

Dr.  George  D.  Wilcox  v,^as  born  in  West  Greenwich.  August  28,  1825, 
and  graduated  from  the  University  of  New  York.  In  1856  he  began  prac- 
tice in  Providence.  Later  on  he  studied  in  Germany  and  London,  returning 
in  i860.     He  died  suddenly  July  23,  1897. 

Dr.  William  von  Gottschalk  was  born  at  Wahau,  Saxony,  near  Leipsic, 
November  12,  1826,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Leipsic  University.  In  1848  he 
joined  the  revolutionary  movement  in  Germany  and  was  obliged  to  flee.  He 
first  sought  refuge  near  Baden  Baden,  but  afterward  went  to  Switzerland, 
where  he  lived  during  the  years  1849  ^"^  1850,  part  of  that  time  acting  as  a 
dentist's  assistant.  He  then  came  to  New  York  and  in  connection  with  the 
practice  of  medicine  carried  on  a  drug  store.  While  there,  through  the  in- 
fluence' of  Dr.  Charles  J.  Hempel,  he  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy.  In 
1854  he  went  to  Paris  to  perfect  himself  in  medicine.  He  returned  to 
America  in  1855  and  settled  at  Providence.  He  established  a  large  practice 
and  became  one  of  the  best  known  homoeopathic  physicians  of  his  time.  He 
was  a  leader  among  his  fellow  countrymen,  and  was  styled  "  the  father  of 
the  German  Leiderkranz,"  and  also  was  forward  in  other  of  the  German 
societies.  His  death  occurred  on  Monday,  September  15,  1888.  Dr.  Henry 
Canfield  Preston  was  born  in  New  York  city,  March  5,  1822.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Trinity  School  in  Hartford  in  1842.  He  attended  medical  lec- 
tures at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  University  of  New  York, 
graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1844.  He  commenced  practice  as 
an  allopath  in  Windsor,  Conn.  In  1846  he  married  and  removed  to  Hart- 
ford, where  he  investigated  homoeopathy  and  became  convinced  of  its  truth. 
In  the  spring  of  1848  he  went  to  Providence  and  at  once  began  practice.  He 
remained  there  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when  he  located  in  St.  Johns,  N.  B. 

Dr.  Amory  Gale  was  born  in  Warwick,  Mass.,  in  1800.  He  attended 
medical  lectures  at  Dartmouth  College  and  Brown  Lniversity,  graduating 
from  the  latter  institution  in  1824.  He  then  commenced  practice  at  Royal- 
ston,  Mass.,  and  after  one  year  removed  to  Barre.  He  practiced  allopathy 
at  Barre,  Amherst,  N.  H.,  and  Scituate,  Mass.  In  South  Scituate  he  studied 
theology  and  was  ordained  evangelist  at   Kingston.   Mass.,  in   1844.     While 


282 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


in  the  ministry  he  investigated  the  claims  of  homceopathy  and  through  the 
influence  of  his  friend,  Dr.  Barrows,  became  convinced  of  its  truth ;  and 
about  1850,  when  bronchial  troubles  compelled  his  retirement  from  the  pul- 
pit, he  began  practice  at  Woonsocket.  He  died  February  20,  1873,  aged 
seventy-two  years. 

HomcEopathic  practitioners  in  Rhode  Island  from  1839  to  i860.  The 
date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice 
of  homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally 
was  of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x*  indicates  that  the  physician  prac- 
ticed medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1857     Aldrich,  H.     Brands  Iron  Works  1857 

1842  Barrows,   Iwa  *   Providence  1850 

1857  Beverly,  Julia      Providence  1852 

1853  Brown,  Asa  W.  Centerville  1843 
1844  Clark,  Peleg  *  Coventry  1846 
1851  Crocker,  Isaac  S.      Providence  i860 

1843  DeWolf,  John   J.  *   Providence  1857 

1855  Davenport,    Addington    K.       Provi-       1857 

dence  1857 

1840    Flagg,  Josiah  F.  *  Providence  1842 

1856  Foster,  Avery  B.  Providence  1839 
1850     Gale,  Amory      Woonsocket  t86t 

1858  Garrick,    Richard       Woonsocket  1848 

1854  Gottschalk,  Wm.  A.  von  *  Providence  1856 
1850  Green,  Daniel  H.  *  Natick  1856 
1850  Green,   Nathaniel   *  Newport  1855 

1859  Green,  Wm.  Bowen  *  Providence  1857 
1850  Hoppin,  Washington  Providence  1854 
i860  Hoppin,  Courtland  Providence  1854 
i860  Hazard,  W.  H.  *  Wakefield  1856 
1853  Hall,  Robert  Centerville  '  1847 
1846  Harris,   C.   W.     Pawtucket  1856 

1857  King,  A.   P.  *  X  Providence  1842 


King,  H.  X  Natick 
Knowles,  J.  H.  *  Woodville 
Knight,    Elam   C.     Slatersville 
Manchester,  Chas  F.  *  Pawtucket 
AIcKnight,    Chas.    G.     Providence 
Mowrey,  Airs.  H.  M.     Providence 
Nicholas,  C.  E.  x  Clayville 
Nichols,  J.    S.   X  Woonsocket 
Nutting,   T.   x  Georgiaville 
Okie,  A.  H.     Providence 
Parlin,    Louis   *   Providence 
Palmer,  L.  A.  *  Westerly 
Preston,  Henry  C.     Providence 
Roberts,  James  E.   *  S.   Scituate 
Robinson,  William      Westerly 
Saunders.  Chas  F.     Pawtucket 
Sawin,  Isaac  W.     Centerdale 
Stevens,    Grenville    S.     Providence 
Tillinghast.  Allen  *  Washington 
Verdi,  Tullio   S.     Newport 
Wheaton,    Lucas       Pawtucket 
Wilcox,    George   D.     Providence 
Wells,   Phineas  P.  *  Providence 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  283 


CHAPTER  XVni 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   KENTUCKY. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

A    Hospitable    Welcome     Greets    Homoeopathy    in    Kentucky — Bernstein,  the    Pioneer, 

Finds    Warm     Friends    among    the    Allopaths — Their    Estimate    of  his    Worth — 

Early    Practitioners    in    Various    Parts    of    the    State — A    Chapter  of    Statistics, 
Reminiscences    and    Biography. 

Quite  unlike  the  reception  accorded  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathy  in  many 
other  states  of  the  union,  Kentucky  and  its  allopathic  practitioners  greeted 
the  advent  of  Dr.  I.  G.  Rosenstein  in  Louisville  with  cordial  welcome,  ad- 
mitted him  to  their  most  intimate  friendships,  and  showed  him  many  other 
evidences  of  fraternal  regard,  even  if  he  was  indeed  the  exponent  of  a  new 
and  to  them  untried  medical  system.  But  then,  this  somewhat  unusual  treatment 
of  the  representative  of  an  opposing  school  by  the  allopathic  physicians  of 
Louisville  is  not  really  su-rprising  when  we  consider  the  hospitable,  generous  na- 
ture of  the  Kentuckians  at  the  time  of  which  we  write,  and  before  and  after- 
ward. 

Early  homoeopathic  history  in  Kentucky  records  that  Dr.  Rosenstein 
originally  was  an  allopathic  physician  and  when  he  took  up  his  abode  in  Louis- 
ville in  1839  it  was  as  a  disciple  of  the  Hahnemannian  school,  but  whence 
he  came  and  his  final  end  no  biographer  gives  any  clear  light.  We  only 
know  that  he  was  in  the  city  just  mentioned  until  1842  and  then  left  for  the 
far  south ;  but  he  left  an  impress  upon  the  times  in  the  publication  in  1840  of 
his  "  Theory  and  Practice  of  Homoeopathy,"  a  work  which  attracted  consid- 
erable attention  and  evoked  complimentary  allusion  from  his  own  and  the 
opposing  school  of  medicine,  for  his  utterances  were  fair,  rational  and  just, 
granting  to  the  allopathic  system  the  right  to  exist,  and  asserting  for  that 
to  which  he  was  a  convert  undeniable  supremacy. 

KENTUCKY    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

In  a  letter  written  November  30,  1849,  to  the  "  Southwestern  Journal 
of  Homoeopathy,"  Dr.  Huflf  said :  "  The  homoeopathists  of  Kentucky  have 
held  a  convention  in  this  city,  and  organized  a  society  called  the  Kentucky 
State  Homoeopathic  Society.  Homoeopathy  is  gaining  ground  in  this  state 
since  its  unparalleled  succes  in  the  treatment  of  Asiatic  cholera  has  been  made 
manifest."  Little  is  now  known  of  this  old  pioneer  society  of  homoeopaths 
except  that  it  was  among  the  earliest  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  south. 
The  Kentucky  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  the  present  organiza- 
tion and  probably  the  successor  to  the  society  just  mentioned,  was  organized 
in  Louisville,  May  7,  1873,  with  these  officers :  Dr.  Henry  W.  Kohler  of 
Louisville,  president ;  Dr.  W.  H.  Blakeley  of  Bellevue,  vice-president ;  Dr.  J. 
W.  Kline  of  Louisville,  secretary.  Later  on  Dr.  W.  L.  Breyfogle  was  hon- 
ored with  the  permanent  presidency  of  the  society ;  but  the  organization,  like 


284  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

its  piiedecessor,  at  length  became  decadent,  and  was  finally  revived  and  re- 
organized in  Lexington,  July  14,  1886,  with  about  thirty  constituent  mem- 
bers. The  officers  then  chosen  were  Dr.  J.  A.  Lucy  of  Georgetown,  president; 
Dr.  George  M.  Ockford  of  Lexington,  vice-president ;  Dr.  S.  M.  Wadsworth 
of  Versailles,  recording  secretary ;  Dr.  C.  P.  Meredith  of  Eminence,  corre- 
sponding secretary ;  Dr.  J-  A.  VanSant  of  IMount  Sterling,  treasurer ;  Drs.  A. 
Leight  Monroe  of  Louisville.  H.  C.  Kasselman  of  Midway  and  O.  H.  Buck  of 
Paris,  censors ;  Drs.  J.  T.  VanSant  of  Paris,  H.  C.  Kehoe  of  Cynthiana  and 
W.  H.  Dougherty  of  Corinth,  auditors.  This  society  was  incorporated  in 
1888.  It  meets  annuall}-  alternately  in  Louisville  and  Lexington.  Mem- 
bership, 75. 

The  Western  Kentucky  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
Princeton,  January  10,  1892;  membership  in  1903,  35. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Among  Rosenstein's  acquaintances  in  Louisville  were  Drs.  McDowell, 
Meriwether  and  Bell,  all  old  school  practitioners,  each  of  whom  took  occa- 
sion to  say  some  kind  word  for  their  proselyted  friend.  These  remembrances 
of  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  the  region  under  consideration  are  worthy 
of  reproduction  in  these  annals,  especially  as  they  tend  to  show  that  Jordan 
is  not  always  "  a  hard  road  to  travel,"  even  in  the  vicissitudes  of  homoe- 
opathic pioneer  life.  In  speaking  of  his  relations  with  Rosenstein,  Dr.  Mc- 
Dowell wrote :  "  My  acquaintance  with  you  has  been  sufficient  to  induce 
the  belief  that  you  possess  the  science  and  the  ability  to  furnish,  in  a  candid 
treatise,  a  fair  exposition  of  homoeopathy ;  an  exposition  which  will  at  least 
suffice  to  indicate  to  the  profession  whether  a  translation  of  Hahnemann's 
ponderous  quartos  would  be  worth  the  trouble.  And  I  hope,  sir,  that  you 
will  be  duly  encouraged  to  prosecute  your  design  to  that  effect." 

Dr.  Meriwether  wrote :  "  Since  Dr.  Rosenstein's  introduction  into  our 
city  I  have  cultivated  habits  of  unrestrained  intimacy  with  him,  because  I 
believe  him  to  be  an  amiable  gentleman  as  well  as  a  refined  and  learned  phy- 
sician. In  this  way  I  have  been  thrown  in  contact  with  a  great  amount  of 
homoeopathic  practice.  I  am  at  length  prepared  to  say,  without  hesitation, 
though  I  do  not  comprehend  the  modus  operandi  of  his  remedies,  that  his 
surprising  success,  in  many  cases  apparently  hopeless,  has  astonished  me  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  induce  me  to  pause  and  wonder.  I  am  therefore  con- 
strained to  say,  finally,  in  relation  to  Dr.  Rosenstein's  contemplated  publica- 
tion, that  I  most  cordially  give  him  and  his  laudable  enterprise  my  best 
wishes,  believing  that  if  his  system  is  false  it  will  only  be  '  as  a  tale  that  is 
told  '  and  readily  pass  under  the  wave  of  oblivion,  but,  if  true,  it  will  be  on- 
ward in  its  career,  even  amidst  the  moral  cut-throats  who  may  maliciously 
array  themselves  against  it,  for  the  same  reasons  that  influenced  Demetrius 
in  denouncing  the  redeeming  doctrines  which  Saul  of  Tarsus  preached  on 
the  subject  of  Christianity." 

This  is  the  only  time  in  the  history  of  the  progress  of  homoeopathy  in 
the  United  States  when  the  allopathic  physicians  of  a  town  were  fair  enough 
to  give  the  system  a  reasonable  hearing;  and  this  occurred  at  a  period  when 
calumny,  ridicule,  villification,  and  legal  efforts  were  resorted  to  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  the  svstem. 

Dr.  C.  F..   Brevfogle  suggests  that  Dr.  Rosenstein  located  in    Louisville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


285 


as  early  as  1838.  His  book,  "  Theory  and  Practice  of  Homceopathy,"  was  a 
work  of  288  pages.  It  gave  a  general  description  of  the  system,  opinions  of 
allopathic  physicians  on  medicine,  reviews  of  writings  against  homoeopathy, 
a  short  life  of  Hahnemann,  a  description  of  the  homceopathic  materia  medica, 
certain  chapters  on  hygiene,  and  the  state  of  homoeopathy  in  Europe,  quoted 
from  Dr.  Hull's  article  published  at  that  time  in  the  "  Homoeopathic  Ex- 
aminer." In  1836  Dr.  Rosenstein  had  written  "  A  Treatise  upon  a  New  Man- 
ner of  Medical  Practice  called  Homoeopathic,  eludicated  by  comparing  the 
High  Station  of  Homoeopathie  with  the  usual  Mode  of  Practice,  called  Allo- 
pathic.    Dedicated  to  our  Patients,  and  to  the  Friends  of  Truth  and  Human- 


Wm.  L.  Breyfogle,  M.  D. 

ity.  By  I.  G.  Rosenstein,  M.  D.,  allied  in  practice  with  two  skillful  homoe- 
opathic physicians,  M.  Bigler  and  M.  Seitz,  Albany.     1836." 

The  relationship  with  Drs.  Biegler  and  Scitz  in  Albany  continued 
only  a  few  months,  during  which  time  Dr.  Rosenstein  went  to  Louisville. 
He  was  a  man  of  learning  and  scientific  attainments. 

Dr.  Logue  settled  the  same  year  in  Louisville,  where  he  remained  in 
practice  until  1845,  when  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  Richard  Angell,  who 
had  been  engaged  in  practice  in  Mississippi,  and  who  went  to  Louisville 
in  1844.     It  was  while  in  that  city  that  he  investigated  homoeopathy. 

Dr.  Angell  writes  of  himself :  "My  full  name  is  Richard  Angell.  I 
graduated  at  Columbia  Medical  College,  Washington  city,  in  the  year  1826. 


286  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

My  present  address  is  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  I  have  resided  since  1854. 
Previous  to  that  time  I  practiced  in  Alabama,  Mississippi  and  Louisville,  Ky. 
I  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  the  year  1844  at  Louisville,  Ky." 

Soon  after  1845  Dr.  Logue  went  to  New  Orleans.  Dr.  Angell  continued 
in  Louisville  until  1847,  when  the  feeble  health  of  his  wife  compelled  him 
to  return  south,  and  he  went  to  Huntsville,  Ala.,  remaining  there  until  1855, 
when  he  went  to  New  Orleans  and  in  connection  with  his  son  took  charge 
of  the  Orphans'  House  on  Seventh  street. 

Dr.  Campbell  located  in  Louisville  about  1845,  and  remained  there  in 
practice  until  1855,  when  he  was  killed  by  being  thrown  from  his  horse. 

Dr.  Edward  Caspari  located  in  Louisville  in  1846  and  remained  there 
until  his  death  in  1870. 

Dr.  E.  Huff  located  in  Louisville  in  1849.  In  Kirby's  "  American  Jour- 
nal of  Homoeopathy  "  is  a  letter  from  Dr.  Huff'  stating  that  the  homoeopathists 
of  Kentucky  have  held  a  convention  in  Louisville  and  organized  a  state  Homoe- 
opathic Society.  He  says :  "Homoeopathy  is  gaining  ground  in  this  state 
since  its  unparalleled  success  in  the  treatment  of  Asiatic  cholera  has  been 
made  manifest.  The  number  of  practitioners  is  steadily  increasing  and  the 
doctrine  is  becoming  more  and  more  popular  daily  among  the  most  intelli- 
gent of  our  community.  The  editors  of  our  papers  are  now  favorable  to  it, 
and  their  columns  opened  to  us  for  anything  pertaining  to  it." 

Here,  as  in  Ohio  and  New  York,  homoeopathy  scored  a  triumph  with  this 
terrible  disease.  The  practitioners  of  the  new  system  were  not  afraid  to 
test  the  methods  of  Hahnemann  in  a  disease  that  baffled  the  practitioners  of 
the  old  school,  and  homoeopathy  stood  the  test. 

The  next  arrival  was  Dr.  H.  W.  Koehler,  who  was  a  graduate  of  Mar- 
burg, Germany.  Dr.  Armstrong  settled  in  L,ouisville  in  1850.  In  1857  the 
following  homoeopathic  physicians  were  in  practice  in  Louisville :  Drs.  J. 
K.  Clark,  C.  Ehrmann,  T.  Meurer,  L.  Van  Buren.  At  that  time  there  were 
only  thirteen  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state.  In  1859  ^^-  Kueffner 
and  Dr.  Lewis  Ehrmann  settled  in  Louisville;  in  1862  Dr.  Swift;  in  1867 
Drs.  Bernard  and  Charles  W.  Brevfogle;  in  1869  Dr.  William  L.  Breyfogle; 
in  1871  Dr.  D.  W.  Pierce,  and  in  1873  Drs.  J.  W.  Klein.  R.  D.  Poole  and 
John  R.  Pirtle.  Dr.  Charles  W.  Breyfogle  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr. 
Caspari,  but  in  1872  was  compelled  through  ill  health  to  go  to  San  Jose,  Cali- 
fornia. In  1870  Dr.  Caspari  sold  his  interest  in  the  business  to  Dr.  William 
L.  Breyfogle,  who,  after  his  brother's  departure,  associated  with  Dr.  R.  W. 
Pierce,  a  graduate  of  the  Louisville  University  and  who  had  been  for  twenty 
years  a  practitioner  of  the  old  school  and  a  convert  to  homoeopathy. 

Edward  Caspari  was  a  native ,  of  Prussia.  He  came  to  America  in  the 
early  thirties,  settled  in  Philadelphia  and  became  a  student  under  Hering 
and  one  of  his  followers  at  Allentown  Academv.  from  which  institution  he 
was  graduated.  It  is  said  that  he  practiced  in  Chester  county,  Penna.,  about 
1835.  After  graduation  he  went  to  Norfolk.  Virginia,  practiced  there  sev- 
eral' vears  and  afterward  in  the  region  of  Ohio  called  the  Western  Reserve, 
and  in  1846  located  in  Louisville.  In  that  city  he  built  up  a  successful  prac- 
tice, and  founded,  in  1867,  an  institution  near  the  city,  where  he  employed 
homoeopathy  and  hydropathy  together.  He  arranged  with  Dr.  Charles  W. 
Brevfogle  to  attend  his  practice  in  the  city  while  he  devoted  his  own  atten- 
tion to  the  management  of  his  private  enterprise,  to  which  he  gave  the  name 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  287 

"  Rock  Spring-  Water  Cure  of  Purvee  Valley."     Dr.  Caspar!  died  March  5, 
1870,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

Dr.  Clark,  of  whom  mention  has  been  made,  left  Louisville  in  i860,  and 
Dr.  Lewis  Ehrmann  went  to  St.  Louis  in  1870.  In  1857  there  were  four 
homoeopathic  physicians  in  Louisville;  twelve  in  1870,  sixteen  in  1880,  the 
same  in  1890,  twenty-seven  in  1899,  and  thirty  in  1904. 

Dr.  William  Murphy  introduced  the  homoeopathic  system  in  eastern 
Kentucky  about  1850.  He  was  a  graduate  in  1846  from  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity, and  afterward  practiced  allopathy  four  years  at  Hanging  Rock, 
Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  then  returned  to  his  native  place,  Maysville,  and  took 
up  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Jonathan  R.  Pad- 
dock, a  graduate  of  Worthington  Medical  College  in  1827,  and  afterward 
one  of  its  professors.  He  retired  from  active  work  soon  after  the  war.  Dr. 
William  H.  McGranaghan,  his  former  student  and  a  graduate  of  the  Eclec- 
tic Medical  College  of  Cincinnati,  abandoned  that  school  of  practice  and  be- 
came a  homoeopath ;  and  his  son,  William  H.  McGranaghan,  junior,  a  grad- 
uate of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1876,  was  afterward 
associated  in  practice  with  his  father.  Among  the  other  early  homoeopathic 
practitioners  in  Maysville  mention  may  be  made  of  Drs.  George  W.  Martin, 
who  began  in  1866,  and  Maurice  H.  Phister  in  1874. 

Dr.  George  I.  Bauer  crossed  the  Ohio  river  from  Cincinnati  in  1847 
and  settled  in  Covington,  where  after  a  few  months  he  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Robert  B.  Lnyd.  Dr.  John  W.  Fox,  a  graduate  of  the  Homceopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Covington  in  1854,  remained 
there  until  1861  and  then  went  to  San  Francisco.  In  1856  Dr.  William 
Henry  Hunt,  a  graduate  in  1855  of  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  settled  in  Covington.  His 
brother,  a  graduate  of  Pulte  Medical  College,  became  associated  with  him  in 
1872.  In  i860  Dr.  James  T.  Gushing  located  in  Covington,  and  was  followed 
in  1861  by  Dr.  Jeremiah  Haynes,  and  the  latter  in  turn,  in  1867,  by  Dr.  J. 
Russ.  In  1869  Dr.  E.  S.  Stuart,  and  in  1872  Dr.  William  M.  Murphy,  the 
latter  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Maysville,  were  in  practice  in  Covington. 
Dr.  F.  von  Kranenburg,  who  was  a  graduate  in  1850  of  the  Leyden  Medical 
College  in  the  Netherlands  and  who  had  become  a  homoeopathist  in  1858, 
went  to  Covington,  although  his  chief  practice  was  in  Cincinnati.  Dr.  E. 
M.  Hunt  went  there  in  1875. 

Dr.  Henry  Gunkel  settled  at  Newport  about  1856.  Dr.  J.  Russ  Haynes 
settled  there  in  1866,  remaining  eight  years.  In  1872  Dr.  E.  "W.  Reany  went 
there. 

In  Lexington  in  1857  Drs.  A.  Lehr  and  I.  K.  Minton  were  in  practice. 
Dr.  J.  K.  Morton  was  there  about  1854  and  Dr.  L.  N.  Howard  in  1872. 

In  1857  Drs.  E.  D.  and  M.  E.  Payne  were  at  Bowling  Green;  Dr.  A.  H. 
Flanders  was  at  Danville,  but  was  called  to  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1858.  He  lectured  one  ses- 
sion and  then  he  located  in  Williamsburgh,  N.  Y. 

In  1857  Dr.  D.  J.  Gish  was  located  at  Hopkinsville,  Dr.  Gushing  at 
Sandy,  and  Dr.  S.  Sands  at  Trenton. 

In  1872  Drs.  Alonson  Bishop  and  James  George  Hunt  established  a 
sanitarium  in  Cloverport,  at  the  White  Sulphur  and  Tar  Springs.  Dr.  Cas- 
pari  also  at  one  time  conducted  a  sanitarium  in  Kentucky. 

■  In   1857  there  were  thirteen   homoeopathic  physicians   in   the   state;   the 


288 


HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY 


number  in   1875  was  thirty-five;  in   1880,   sixty-eight;   in   1885,  ninety-two; 
in  1895,  one  hundred  and  five ;  and  in  1904,  one  hundred  and  seventeen. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Kentucky  previous  to  and  including  the 
year  1870.  The  date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  be- 
gan the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  prac- 
titioner originally  was  of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that 
the  physician  practiced  medicine  before  the  date  given. 


1843  Angell,  Richard    Louisville 

1850  Armstrong,  Dr.     Louisville 

1847  Bauer,  George  L     Covington 

1867  Bernard.  Dr.     Louisville 

1868  Breyfogle,  Chas.  W.    Louisville 
1868  Breyfogle,  Wm.  L.     Louisville 
183s  Caspari,  Edward    Louisville 

1857  Campbell,  —    Louisville 

1858  Clark,  J.  K.    Louisville 
i860  Cushing,  James  T.     Sandy 
1852  Ehrmann,  Christian     Louisville 

1859  Ehrmann,  Lewis  P.     Louisville 
1854  Fox,  John  W.     Covington 
1857  Flanders,   A.   H.  x    Danville 
1857  Gish,   D.  J.  X     Hopkinsville 
1854  Gunkel,  Henry     Newport 

1861  Haynes,  Jeremiah     Covington 

1865  Haynes,  J.  Russ     Covington 

....  Hubbell,  L. 

1850  Hunt,  James  George    Covington 

1856  Hunt,  William  H.     Covington 

1849  Hufif,  E.    Louisville 


859  Keuffner,  —     Louisville 

848  Koehler,  H.  W.     Louisville 

858  Kranenburg,  F.  von  *     Covington 

857  Lehr,  A.  x    Lexington 
842  Logue,  Dr.     Louisville 

848  Lynd,  Robert  R.     Covington 

866  Martin,  George  W.     May?\-ille 

858  McGranaghan,  Wm.  H.  *     Maysville 
857  Metcalfe,  Thomas  x    Louisville 

857  Meurer,  T.  x     Louisville 

857  Minton,  L  K.  x 

S53  Morton,  J.  K.     Lexington 

850  Murphy,  Wm.  M.  =*=     Maysville 

855  Paddock,  Jonathan  R.  *     Maysville 
857  Payne,  E.  D.  x     Bowling  Green 
857  Payne,  M.  E.  x     Bowling  Green 
836  Rosenstein,  L  G.     Louisville 

857  Sands,  S.  x    Trenton 

857  Swift,  —  X 

869  Stuard,  E.  S.     Covington 

856  Van  Beuren,  L.  H.    Louisville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  289 


CHAPTER    XIX 

HOMOEOPATHY  IN   NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Moses  Atwood,  a  Convert  of  Gregg's,  the  Pioneer  of  Homoeopathy  in  New 
Hampshire — The  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Early  Practitioners  in 
the    Several    Counties. 

HomcEopathy  in  New  Hampshire — the  "  Old  Granite  State  " — belongs  to 
what  is  known  as  the  second  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  system  promulgated 
by  Hahnemann,  and  dates  from  the  year  1840,  when  Dr.  Moses  Atwood, 
who  had  been  a  student  of  Dr.  Gregg  of  Boston,  located  in  little  Frances- 
town  in  Hillsborough  county  and  began  practice  there.  His  stay  was  short, 
however,  and  he  afterward  carried  the  doctrine  into  Nashua,  then  to  Con- 
cord, then  to  Manchester,  and  finally  to  New  Boston,  where  his  life's  work 
was  closed  in  1850.  As  Dr.  Gallinger  has  said :  "  His  name  is  held  in  sweet 
remembrance  as  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state."  Record  and  tra- 
dition both  say  that  Moses  Atwood  was  a  capable  physician,  deeply  interested 
in  his  work  and  especially  in  the  welfare  of  the  school  of  medicine  to  which 
he  was  the  direct  means  of  bringing  several  converts.  He  did  not  live,  how- 
ever, to  take  part  in  the  organization  of  the  first  medical  society,  although 
some  of  those  whom  he  was  instrumental  in  proselyting  were  among  its 
founders. 

The  New  Hampshire  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  a 
meeting  of  homoeopathic  physicians  held  in  Concord,  June  3,  185 1,  and  on 
January  8,  1853.  it  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state.  In  June 
following  the  society  completed  its  permanent  organization  and  since  that 
time  has  maintained  a  healthful  existence.  The  incorporators  were  Alpheus 
Merrill  and  Hamilton  J.  M.  Gate  of  Concord;  Israel  Herrick  of  Lyndebor- 
ough ;  Joshua  F.  \\'hittle  of  Nashua  ;  Emil  Custer  of  Manchester ;  John  Le 
Bosquet  of  Greenfield ;  James  Peterson  of  Weare ;  and  A.  W.  Pike  of  Dover. 
Since  its  organization  meetings  of  the  society  have  been  held  with  reason- 
able regularity,  the  fixed  place  of  the  annual  assemblage  being  Concord,  the 
capital  city  of  the  state.  The  present  membership  is  about  seventy-five  phy- 
sicians, which  represents  nearly  the  strength  of  the  homoeopathic  profession 
in  the  state. 

The  only  other  homoeopathic  society  of  a  general  character  is  that  known 
as  the  Northern  New  Hampshire  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  which  was 
organized  in  1874.  These  comprise  the  chief  institutions  of  homoeopathy 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  other  than  as  herein  mentioned  the  history  of  the 
system  is  written  in  the  lives  of  the  exemplars  who  have  practiced  within 
the  borders  of  the  state  during  the  past  three  score  years.  It  cannot  be  said 
that  the  state  is  non-progressive  in  homoeopathic  history,  for  such  is  not  the 
case;  the  seed  sown  bv  Atwood  in  1840  became  firmly  rooted  in  the  soil  and 
has  yielded  bountifully  in  later  years,  although  the  profession  here  as  else- 
where has  recorded  little  of  its  own  history. 


290 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


REMINISCENCES. 

In  Weare,  twelve  miles  from  Francestown,  Dr.  James  Peterson  had  been 
for  several  years  a  practitioner  of  the  old  school,  but  was  persuaded  through 
the  influence  of  Dr.  Atwood  to  adopt  the  practice  of  Hahnemann.  Of  his 
conversion  Dr.  Peterson  himself  said :  "  Dr.  Moses  Atwood  was  the  first 
practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  New  Hampshire;  myself  the  second.  I  pre- 
scribed my  first  globule  in  1843."  Dr.  Peterson  practiced  many  years  at  Weare 
and  died  there  April  8,  1870.  He  was  called  into  many  towns  of  Hillsbor- 
ough county,  and  his  name  as  a  successful  practitioner  extended  through    all 


Joshua  F.  Whittle,  M.  D. 

that  region.  In  the  same  year,  1843,  Dr.  Joshua  F.  Whittle,  a  nephew  and 
student  of  Dr.  Peterson,  graduated  from  the  Castleton  Medical  College  and 
settled  in  Nashua,  then  a  city,  and  distant  from  Weare  about  forty  miles.  He 
continued  in  practice  in  Nashua  until  his  death,  August  17,  1888,  at  the  age 
of  seventy-eight  years.  The  next  convert  was  Dr.  Israel  Hcrrick,  who  was 
in  practice  at  Lyndeborough,  another  small  town  a  few  miles  from  Frances- 
town.  Pie  began  the  practice  of  homceopathy  in  1844,  and  died  February 
18,  1866,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Dr.  S.  A.  Bard  of  Francestown  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  about 
1844.  In  1847  Dr.  Willard  Parkman  Gambell  located  in  that  place.  He  had 
graduated  at  Pittsfield  in  1845,  and  spent  a  year  or  more  in  investigating  the 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


291 


homoeopathic  system.  He  remained  in  Francestown  ten  years,  then  went  to  Hav- 
erhill, Mass.,  and  thence  to  Boston,  where  he  died  December  i,  1887.  The  next 
practitioner  in  Francestown  was  Dr.  Levi  Pierce,  who  located  there  in  1857. 
He  had  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1854.  He  remained  two  years  and  then  went  to  New  London,  Conn.,  and 
in  1864  to  a  town  in  Massachusetts.     He  died  April  28,  1891. 

Dr.  Pierce  was  followed  by  Dr.  Andrew  J.  Moulton,  who  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war  of  1861-65  enlisted  as  a  private  and  was  reported  missing 
after  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness.  He  now  lies  in  an  unknown  grave.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College  in  i860. 

The  next  to  practice  in  Francestown  was  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Fisher,  who  has 


Oliver  L.  Bradford,  M.  D. 


been  there  for  many  years.  Drs.  A.  J.  Todd  and  Edwin  D.  Stevens  have  also 
been  located  there. 

In  1850  Dr.  Oliver  A.  Woodbury  located  at  Nashua,  remaining  there 
until  his  death  in  March,  1875.  In  1870  only  Drs.  Whittle  and  Woodbury 
were  located  in  Nashua.  From  1875  to  1880  there  were  Drs.  Whittle  and 
Charles  Sumner  Collins,  the  latter  a  graduate  in  1875  of  the  Boston  Univer- 
sity School  of  Medicine.  In  1899  Dr.  Henry  H.  Jewell,  a  graduate  in  1882 
of  Hahnemann  College  of  Chicago,  settled  in  Nashua.  In  1904,  Drs.  Collins, 
Jewell  and  Rouncevel  were  located,  there. 

In   1855  Dr.   Freeman  Horton  associated  with   Dr.   Peterson   in  Weare, 


202  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

remaining  there  three  years,  when  he  went  to  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  he  died 
March  3,  1861.     Dr.  James  P.  Whittle  also  practiced  in  Weare. 

HomcEopathy  was  introduced  into  Concord  in  1844  by  Dr.  Augustus 
Frank,  who  came  from  Boston,  remained  two  years,  then  he  went  to  Man- 
chester, and  later  to  Norwich,  Conn.  In  1845  Dr.  Atwood  settled  in  Con- 
cord, and  in  1849  Dr.  Alpheus  Morrill,  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in 
1832  and  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1843,  settled  there.  He  was  succeeded 
by  his  sons,  Drs.  Shadrach  C.  and  E.  Morrill.  In  1851  Dr.  Hamilton  J.  M. 
Cate,  a  graduate  of  1849  o^  the  Woodstock  Medical  College,  went  to  Con- 
cord and  practiced  there  until  1855,  when  he  removed  to  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  was  succeeded  in  1856  by  Dr.  Ferdinand  Gustav  Oehme,  who  remained 
for  ten  years.  Dr.  J.  C.  Baker  also  practiced  there  but  removed  in  1857  to 
Middleboro.  Mass.  Dr.  Jacob  H.  Gallinger  settled  in  Concord  in  1862,  and 
still  lives  there.  Dr.  Isaac  Colby  began  practice  in  Concord  in  1846.  In 
1857  Drs.  J.  C.  Baker,  Isaac  Colby,  Alpheus  Morrill  and  F.  G.  Oehme  were 
located  in  Concord;  in  1875,  Drs.  Edward  H.  Foster,  J.  H.  Gallinger,  Shad- 
rach M.  Morrill,  and  Ezekiel  Morrill;  in  1880,  Dr.  J.  C.  Moore;  in  1887,  Drs. 
Joseph  Chase,  Jr.,  J.  H.  Gallinger,  Ezekiel  Morrill,  B.  D.  Peaslee  and  Moses 
Whitcomb;  in  1899  Drs.  J.  H.  Gallinger,  Almond  W.  Hill,  Maude  H.  Kent, 
A.  B.  Morrill.  E.  Morrill,  George  F.  Roby  and  Arthur  F.  Sumner;  in  1904, 
Drs.  Alpheus  B.  INIorrill,  Ezekiel  Morrill,  A.  F.  Sumner,  J.  H.  Gallinger  and 
Almon  W.  Hill. 

Dr.  Aaron  H.  Atwood  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Manchester.  He 
was  a  nephew  of  Moses  Atwood,  the  pioneer,  and  an  allopathic  graduate.  In 
1847  Dr.  Emil  Custer  became  his  partner.  A  few  years  later  Dr.  Atwood 
went  to  Virginia  and  died  there.  In  1844  or  1845  Dr.  Henry  C.  Parker  be- 
came a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  began  practice  in  Manchester,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death,  December  8,  1861.  In  1853  Dr.  Charles  H.  Walker 
graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  ^ledical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and  located 
in  Manchester.  He  remained  there  several  years  and  then  went  to  Chelsea, 
Mass.  In  1856  Dr.  Israel  P.  Chase,  a  gradua'te  of  the  homoeopathic  college 
at  Cleveland,  came  from  Richmond,  Ya.,  practiced  for  a  time  in  Manchester, 
and  later  removed  to  Henniker. 

The  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Keene  was  Dr.  D.  White,  who  went  there 
about  1850.  He  seems  to  have  been  both  energetic  and  zealous  in  his  work, 
and  in  connection  with  his  practice  published  for  a  short  time  the  "  Homoe- 
opathic Advocate  and  Guide  to  Health."  Dr.  William  B.  Chamberlain  located 
at  Keene  in  i8;4,  rcmaininsr  there  until  1863,  when  he  went  to  Fitchburg, 
Mass.  He  was'  followed  bv  Dr.  Henrv  H.  Darling,  and  later  by  Dr.  G.  W. 
Flagg.  In  1855  Dr.  Tames  Chester  Freeland  entered  into  partnership  with 
Dr.  Chamberlain  in  Keene.  Dr.  Joseph  C.  Baker  practiced  there  in  1857. 
Drs.'  Francis  Brick,  J.  H.  Darling.  Frank  D.  Worcester  and  John  F.  Jenni- 
son  are  also  to  be  mentioned  among  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  Keene. 
Dr.  Richter  located  at  Portsmouth  in  1850,  and  Dr.  J.  S.  Donaldson  m 

t87zI 

In  1857  Drs.  Richter,  Parant  and  Parrv  were  there.  Drs.  F.  L.  Bene- 
dict, H.  F.  Clark,  S.  J.  Donaldson,  R.  C.  Grant.  F.  L.  Snell.  Tristram  Rogers, 
have  also  practiced  in  Portsmouth. 

Homoeopathv  was  introduced  into  Peterboro  by  Mr.  Seavey,  a  layman. 
In  1867  Dr.  Oliver  Leech  Bradford  settled  there,  remaining  until  1875,  when 
he  went  to  Fitchburg,  Mass..  where  he  is  still  located.     He  was  followed  m 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


293 


Peterboro  bv  Dr.  Levi  Dodge,  who  remained  until  1873  and  then  went  to 
Fall  River,  Mass.  Drs.  Harry  M.  Morse,  Mary  T.  Kimball,  F.  A.  Hodgdon 
and  Mrs.  M.  Marcy  have  been  located  there. 

In  1856  Dr.  David  D.  Moore  was  in  practice  at  Lake  Village,  Belknap 
county.  Drs.  J.  Clifford  Moore  and  Thomas  M.  Sanborn  also  have  practiced 
there. 

In  Dover  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  was  Dr.  A,  W.  Pike.  He 
was  succeeded  in  1853  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Jones,  who  remained  until  September, 
1854,  and  then  went  to  Massachusetts.  His  place  was  filled  by  Dr.  Jerome 
Harris.  Dr.  Harris  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1830,  practiced  allo- 
pathy until  1845  s"d  then  adopted  homoeopathy.  In  1856  he  went  to  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  exchanging  places  with  Dr.  William  E.  Thompson.  Dr. 
Thompson  remained  at  Dover  until  1865,  when  he  went  to  Augusta,  Me.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Drake.  In  1854  Dr.  C.  H.  Horsch  located  in 
Dover.  Drs.  Eugene  B.  Cushing,  Jason  W.  Drake,  Florelia  Estes,  George  R. 
Smith,  J.  Nelson  Ricardo,  N.  M.  Payne  and  IMary  E.  Nutter  have  also  prac- 
ticed in  Dover. 

In  Wilton  Dr.  Israel  Herrick  visited  patients  previous  to  1854.  In  that  year 
Dr.  William  A.  Jones,  a  graduate  of  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege, located  there.  Dr.  A.  Herrick  also  introduced  homoeopathy  into  Milford.  Dr. 
O.  O.  Roberts  was  the  first  resident  physician  in  that  town,  having  located 
there  in  1854.  A  few  years  later  removed  to  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  was 
succeeded  in  Milford  by  Dr.  H.  J.  M.  Cate.  Other  and  later  practitioners 
in  Milford  have  been  Drs.  Marston,  L.  W.  Wilkins,  W.  H.  W.  Hinds,  J.  W. 
Finerty,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Lull  and  W.  H.  W.  Hinds,  Jr. 

As  early  as  1855  Dr.  L.  T.  Weeks  settled  at  Canterbury.  In  1856  Dr. 
Albert  Lindsay  settled  in  Laconia.  Dr.  Levi  Judson  Pierce,  a  graduate  in 
i860  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Ant- 
rim and  practiced  there  until  his  death  in  1863.  Dr.  J.  Morris  Christie  has 
for  many  years  been  in  practice  in  Antrim.  He  became  a  convert  from  the 
allopathic  school  in  1863.  In  1868  Dr.  Edwin  A.  Knight,  a  graduate  of  the 
New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  settled  for  practice  in  Lebanon, 
having  removed  there  from  Boston,  Mass. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  New  Hampshire  between  the  years  1839  and 
i860.  The  date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner 
originally  was  of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physi- 
cian practiced  medicine  before  the  date  given. 


1839  Atwood,  Moses,  Francestown  1857 

1845  Atwood,  Aaron  H.  *     Manchester  1844 

1856  Baker,  Joseph  C.  Concord  1847 
1851  Cate,  H.  J.  M.     Milford  i860 

1846  Colby,  Isaac  *     Concord  1845 

1857  Colby,  E.  L.  X  Claremont  1844 
1854  Chamberlain,  Wm.  R.  Keene  1854 
1857  Chapman,  F.  D.  x  Haverhill  1855 
1854  Chase,  Israel  P.     Manchester  1854 

1857  Colcord,  A.  D.  x     Sutton  1853 

1847  Custer,  Emil     Manchester  .... 

1858  Cummings,  E.  P.  Exeter  1S56 
1857  Flanders,  T.  x     Durham  1857 

1848  Freeland,  James  C.  *     Keene  1843 


Foster,  P.  A.  x     Shaker  Village 
Frank,  Augustus     Concord 
Gambell,  Willard  P.     Francestown 
Gallinger,  Jacob  H.  *     Concord 
Harris,  Jerome  *     Dover 
Herrick,  Israel  *     Lyndeborough 
Horsch,  C.  H.     Dover 
Horton,  Freeman  *     Weare 
Jones,  William  A.     Wilton 
Jones,  E-  M.     Dover 
Jenness,  E.     Rochester 
Lindsay,  Albert     Laconia 
Le  Bosquet.  John  x     Greenfield 
Morrill,   Alpheus  *     Concord 


294 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1855  Moore,  D.  R.     Lake  Village  1854 

i860  Moulton,  Andrew  J.     Francestown  1850 

1854  Oehme,  F.  G.  *     Concord  1856 

1849  Parker,  Henry  C.  Bedford  1857 
1843  Peterson,  James  *  Weare  1847 
1857  Perry,  —  x  Portsmouth  1855 
1857  Parant,  —  x  Portsmouth  1843 
1857  Patterson,  D.     Groton  1850 

1850  Pike.  A.  W.  Dover  .  1850 
i860  Pierce,  Levi   Judson     Antrim 


Roberts.  Osmore  O.     Milford 
Richter,   E.     Portsmouth 
Thompson,  William  E.     Dover 
Volkes,  —  X     Claremont 
Walker,  Charles  H.    Manchester 
Weeks,  Lorain  T.  *     Canterbury 
Whittle,  Joshua  F.     Nashua 
Woodburj',  Oliver  A.     Nashua 
White,  D.     Keene 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  295 


CHAPTER    XX  . 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN   INDIANA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Isaac  Coe,  the  Pioneer  of  Homreopathy  in  Indiana,  was  Hull's  Converted  Allopath 
— Outspreading  of  the  Practice  in  the  State — The  State  and  Other  Homoeopathic 
Medical   Societies — Recollections  of  Early   Practitioners — A  Table  of  Converts. 

Well  authenticated  records  state  that  homoeopathy  first  found  its  way 
into  Indiana  in  1840  through  the  medium  of  one  Dr.  Isaac  Coe,  a  physician 
of  the  allopathic  school  and  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  through  the  offices  of 
that  noble  old  defender  of  the  faith,  A.  Gerald  Hull  of  New  York  city.  Hull 
always  was  known  by  his  works,  and  a  careful  analysis  of  homoeopathic  his- 
tory in  the  eastern  states  will  reveal  in  some  manner  the  immediate  associa- 
tion of  his  name  with  that  of  the  earliest  exemplars  of  the  new  doctrine.  Hull 
treated  Coe  for  a  bodily  ailment,  and  cured  him,  which  so  impressed  the 
learned  allopath  that  he  readily  listened  to  Hull's  instructions  on  the  sub- 
ject of  homoeopathic  materia  medica  and  the  basic  principles  of  the  doctrine 
of  Hahnemann ;  and  listening,  he  was  convinced — Hull  was  an  able  teacher 
— and  freely  accepted  its  teachings  and  just  as  freely  put  them  to  use  in  his 
subsequent  professional  career. 

Thus  through  Dr.  Isaac  Coe  homoeopathy  first  found  lodgment  in  In- 
diana in  1840,  but  a  fair  measure  of  the  honor  usually  accorded  to  pioneer- 
ship  in  such  cases,  belongs  to  Dr.  L.  H.  Van  Buren,  who  practiced  in  partner- 
ship with  Coe  for  several  years  in  Indianapolis,  from  which  point  homoeopathy 
always  has  radiated  in  this  state.  History  gives  at  best  a  poor  account  of  the 
life  and  professional  career  of  the  pioneer  after  his  removal  from  Indiana. 
He  is  said  to  have  settled  in  Kentucky,  as  did  his  partner,  Van  Buren,  who 
was  afterward  a  conspicuous  figure  in  homoeopathic  circles  in  Louisville,  a 
famous  seat  of  medical  learning  half  a  century  ago,  as  it  is  even  to  this  day. 

The  development  of  homoeopathy  in  Indiana  was  not  slow  and  was  in 
keeping  with  the  growth  of  the  system  in  other  states,  but  in  later  years  the 
outspreading  of  the  doctrine  was  more  rapid  than  in  many  other  of  the  states, 
while  its  practitioners  increased  and  multiplied  several  fold  within  the  brief 
space  of  half  a  century,  and  that  notwithstanding. the  fact  that  Indiana  never 
could  lay  claim  to  a  school  of  homoeopathic  medical  instruction  within  her 
own  borders.  But  in  Indiana  the  standard  of  education  in  general  is  higher 
than  in  any  other  state  in  the  union,  and  that  fact  alone  in  part  accounts  for 
the  increase  in  homoeopathic  popularity  in  the  state  during  the  last  fifty  years. 

In  1857  there  were  twenty-one  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state, 
and  in  1870  the  number  had  increased  to  eighty-four.  Ten  years  later  there 
were  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight;  in  1890  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight,  and 
in  1904  there  were  three  hundred  and  eight.  A  table  appended  to  this  chap- 
ter will  show  the  names  of  the  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state  between 


29G 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


the  year's   1840  and   i860,  almost  all  of  whom  were  converts  from  the  allo- 
pathic school,  with  a  few  from  other  schools. 

As  early  as  1867,  when  the  number  of  homeopathic  practitioners  in  the 
state  was  less  than  seventy-five,  a  movement  was  made  among  them  to  organ- 
ize a  state  medical  society.  This  was  the  result  of  the  influence  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homoeopathy  upon  and  with  the  profession  in  general,  for 
it  always  has  been  one  of  the  cardinal  principles  of  the  mother  institution  to 
foster  permanent  organization  as  a  means  of  attaining  the  best  results  in  the 
world  of  homceopathic  medicine  and  surgery.  From  this  it  must  not  be  in- 
ferred that  the  institute  was  directly  instrumental  in  the  creation  of  the  state 
societv,  for  at  least   four  or  five  years  before  the  organization  was    accom- 


Oliver    P.    Bacr.    JM.    D. 


plished  the  scattered  homoeopaths. of  the  state  had  discussed  the  subject  among 
themselves  and  were  only  awaiting  opportunitv  to  assemble  their  strength  for 
that  purpose.  The  result  of  their  endeavors  was  the  state  medical  society, 
to  which  a  brief  allusion  in  this  chapter  is  appropriate. 

On  May  23,  1867,  a  number  of  homoeopathic  ])hysicians  met  in  the  senate 
chamber  in  the  state  house  in  Indianapolis  and  organized  the  Indiana  Homoe- 
opathic Institute,  with  officers  as  follows :  Dr.  O.  P.  P)aer,  president ;  G.  T. 
Parker  and  P.  M.  Leonard,  vice-presidents:  J.  T.  Boyd,  recording  secretary; 
N.  G.  Burnham.  corresponding  secretary ;  W.  Eggert,  J.  T.  Boyd,  G.  H. 
Stock-ham,  A.  J.  Cnmpton,  M.  H.  Waters,  censors.    On  May  it,  1870,  the  so- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  297 

ciety  was  reorganized  under  the  name  of  Indiana  Institute  of  Homoeopathy, 
which  it  still  bears,  and  under  which  it  was  incorporated  in  1882.  Its  meet- 
ings are  held  semi-annually  in  Indianapolis.  Proceedings  were  issued  in  1867 
and  1870.  The  membership  at  the  present  time  is  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  physicians. 

The  Marion  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  In- 
dianapolis on  December  10.  1871,  but  was  not  incorporated.  Its  meetings 
were  held  semi-annually  until  1881,  when  the  society  passed  out  of  existence. 

The  Northern  Indiana  Homoeopathic  Institute,  otherwise  known  as  the 
Northwestern  Indiana  Society,  was  organized  at  Elkhart,  February  i,  1876, 
and  enjoyed  a  brief  career  of  varied  interests  until  about  1882,  when  it  was 
dissolved,  not  having  published  its  transactions  and  leaving  only  a  meagre 
record  history. 

The  Terre  Haute  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  Terre 
Haute  in  1882. 

The  Wayne  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at 
Richmond  on  September  16,  1884,  and  was  discontinued  in  1888. 

The  Hahnemann  Club  of  Terre  Haute  was  organized  in  1889,  and  was 
a  social  organization  devoted  chiefly  to  the  interesting  study  of  Hahnemann's 
Organon. 

The  Indianapolis  Homoeopathic  Institute  was  organized  November  25, 
1889,  flourished  for  several  years,  then  became  decadent,  without  entirely 
losing  its  identity. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Northern  Indiana  and  Southern 
Michigan  was  organized  at  Elkhart,  September  22,  1891.  It  meets  semi-an- 
nually, is  migratory  in  its  assemblages  and  publishes  reports,  although  not  hav- 
ing a  journal  of  its  own. 

Having  thus  referred  to  the  planting  and  early  growth  of  homoeopathy 
and  the  organization  of  some  of  the  more  important  of  its  institutions  in  the 
state,  we  may  now  with  propriety  turn  to  the  record  of  those  who  were  a  part 
of  the  history  of  the  period  under  consideration,  leaving  to  subsequent  chap- 
ters of  the  present  work  to  record  something  of  the  lives  and  works  of  those 
who  came  upon  the  field  of  action  at  a  later  period. 

REMINISCENCES. 

As  has  been  stated  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Indiana  was  Dr.  Isaac 
Coe,  whose  immediate  follower  was  Van  Buren,  his  partner.  In  1855  Dr. 
Shard,  of  whom  little  is  known,  settled  in  Indianapolis,  and  was  followed  soon 
afterward  by  Dr.  Augustus  S.  Wright,  a  graduate  in  1850  of  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  He  afterward  removed  to  Nebras- 
ka and  is  said  to  have  been  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  that  state.  In 
1874  he  went  to  California. 

Dr.  C.  T.  Corliss  located  in  Indianapolis  in  1856,  and  Dr.  James  Thomas 
Boyd  in  1859.  Dr.  Boyd  was  a  graduate  of  Starling  Medical  College  in  1850, 
and  practiced  allopathy  until  1857,  when  his  attention  was  called  to  hornoe- 
opathy  through  a  newspaper  controversy  between  physicians  of  the  opposing 
schools.  One  of  Boyd's  articles  was  so  pleasing  to  his  medical  friends  that 
he  was  urged  to  carefully  investigate  homoeopathy  that  he  might  more  effect- 
ually revile  and  ridicule  it ;  but  his  investigations  were,  the  means  of  his  un- 
doing, and  the  more  he  studied  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann  the  more  con- 


298  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

vinced  was  he  of  its  truth,  until  at  last  he  became  a  convert  and  afterward 
one  of  the  best  exemplars  of  homoeopathy  in  the  city,  a  practitioner,  a  teacher, 
lecturer,  surgeon  in  the  army  during  the  war  of  1861-1865,  and  afterward 
for  a  time  a  professor  in  one  of  the  homoeopathic  medical  colleges  of  St.  Louis. 
Dr.  Boyd  was  a  native  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  born  April  23,  1823,  but  the  chronol- 
ogy of  later  events  of  his  life  is  meagre. 

Dr.  N.  G.  Burnham  located  in  Indianapolis  in  1862  and  Dr.  William  A. 
Eggert  in  1863.  Dr.  Burnham  was  a  graduate  in  1855  o^  the  Western  Col- 
lege of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  Cleveland.  Dr.  Eggert  was  a  graduate 
of  Berlin  University,  and  in  1863  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College.  He  had  practiced  in  Ottawa,  Canada,  and  in  other  places  as  an  allo- 
pathic physician,  but  had  become  a  homoeopath  in  1859.  Drs.  Burnham  and 
Eggert  were  partners  and  succeeded  in  building  up  a  lucrative  practice.  In 
1857  Drs.  K.  Hornberg,  G.  W.  Shaw  and  A.  S.  Wright  were  located  in 
Indianapolis.  In  1869  Drs.  J.  T.  Boyd,  N.  G.  Burnham,  C.  T.  Corliss,  Will- 
iam Eggert,  K.  Hornburg  and  T.  P.  Tisdale  were  in  practice  there.  In  1877 
there  were  Drs.  A.  A.  Allen,  T.  E.  Allen,  R.  S.  Brigham,  J.  T.  Boyd,  J.  A. 
Compton,  C.  T.  Corliss,  W.  Eggert,  David  Haggart,  J.  R.  Havnes,  S.  D.  Jones, 
J.  W.  Mitchell,  G.  W.  Biddle,''Moses  T.  Runnels,  O.  S.  Runnels,  Mrs.  H.  J. 
Sprague,  E.  E.  Williams  and  Charles  S.  Wymond.  There  were  fourteen  homoe- 
opathic physicians  in  Indianapolis  in  1890,  and  thirty  in  1904. 

As  early  as  1847  homoeopathy  gained  a  foothold  in  Wayne  county,  being 
mtroduced  into  Richmond  by  James  Austin,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia  and  later 
of  Cincinnati.  He  did  not  claim  to  be  a  physician  but  made  use  of  an  adver- 
tisement after  this  style :  "  Diseases  treated  here  according  to  Samuel  Hahne- 
mann." 

In  1848  Dr.  C.  W.  Steemm  located  in  Richmond,  remained  during  the 
cholera  epidemic  of  1849,  ^^^  afterward  went  to  Ohio. 

The  next  homoeopath  in  Richmond  was  Dr.  Oliver  Perry  Baer  who  set- 
tled there  September  3,  1849.  He  was  born  in  Frederick  City,  Md.,  August 
25,  1816,  and  educated  in  Ohio,  taking  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  in 
Louisville  in  1841.  The  following  letter  written  by  Dr.  Baer  in  1867  tells 
the  story  of  early  homoeopathy  in  Richmond :  "  Took  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in 
1838,  the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1841  (Allop).  Practiced '  allopathy  ten  years. 
Became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1848.  moved  to  Richmond,  Ind.,  in  1849, 
where  I  found  Drs.  Steemm  and  Austin  both  trying  to  do  something  in  the 
Hahnemannian  system,  but  not  at  all  to  their  satisfaction,  or  that  of  their  em- 
ployers, as  they  rarely  prescribed  even  in  acute  cases  oftener  than  once  in  forty 
days.  They  advised  me  not  to  stay,  stating  for  reasons  that  the  people  could 
not  appreciate  homoeopathy,  that  it  would  not  pay  five  dollars  per  annum.  I 
thought  these  not  sufficient  reasons  for  leaving  so  important  a  point  unrep- 
resented by  our  art.  I  located  by  purchasing  property  and  going  at  once  to 
work  to  build  up  a  homoeopathic  practice.  I  used  the  thirtieth  dilutions  en- 
tirely, and  succeeded  far  beyond  my  most  sanguine  expectations.  My  first 
year's  practice  amounted  to  over  one  thousand  dollars,  with  a  steady  increase 
until  in  four  years  I  found  it  necessary  to  add  a  second  physician,  and  accord- 
ingly Dr.  Minier  came,  but  being  timid  to  fight  his  way  among  so  many  allo- 
paths, he  in  a  few  months  left  for  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  Dr.  Cuscaden  took 
his  place.  He  after  some  two  years'  commendable  practice  moved  to  Lebanon, 
Ohio,  where  after  some  three  years  of  practice  he  contracted  consumption  and 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


299 


died.  And  about  eleven  years  ago  Dr.  Joseph  Garrettson  came  here  from 
Richmond,  Ohio,  and  soon  acquired  a  good  living  practice.  In  1865  he  went 
to  Cincinnati.  Dr.  T.  H.  Davis  next  came  here  about  nine  years  ago,  and  is 
still  here.  Dr.  S.  D.  Jones  came  here  two  years  ago,  has  a  good  practice.  He 
was  formerly  an  eclectic  and  hydropath,  and  once  had  a  water  cure.  About 
one  year  ago  Miss  Dr.  Eliza  Knowles,  graduate  of  New  York,  came  and  is 
doing  pretty  well,  is  of  good  mind,  and  I  believe  thoroughly  competent  to  prac- 
tice with  any  of  our  craft.  About  six  months  ago  Dr.  George  Swan  came. 
We  have  now  five  homceopaths  and  homoeopathy  has  gradually  gained  in  the 
community  until  we  have  a  decided  ascendency.  Our  whole  county  is  now  so 
strongly  in  favor  of  our  system  that  the  old  school  men  are  rampant  with  rage 


George  W.  Bowen,  M    D. 


to  have  laws  passed  to  prohibit  the  spread  of  homoeopathy.  Being  of  the  old 
school  though  not  with  the  old  school,  I  last  winter  thought  it  prudent  to  more 
perfectly  identify  myself  with  the  true  system  of  healing  by  taking  anew  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  in  Philadelphia." 

Dr.  Baer  may  be  called  the  father  of  homoeopathy  in  Indiana.  His  death 
occurred  at  Richmond,  August  10.  1888.  In  1870  Drs.  Baer,  F.  H.  Davis, 
S.  D.  Jones,  G.  E.  Swan  were  in  Richmond.  Drs.  John  Emmons,  M.  M.  Hamp- 
ton, Joseph  Howells,  E.  G.  McDevitt,  I.  C.  Teague  and  J.  T.  Teague  also 
have  been  in  practice  there.  At  present  the  homoeopathic  physicians  there 
are  Drs.  Joseph  M.  Bulla,  T.  H.  Davis,  Frank  H.  Dunham,  Elmer  B.  Gros- 


300  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

venor.  Minnie  E.  Hervey,  Donald  B.  Holloway  and  William  ^^'.  Zimmerman. 

Dr.  Potter  located  at  Cambridge  in  1862,  remained  there  a  short  time  and 
went  to  Terre  Haute.  Dr.  William  Carnahan  succeeded  him,  but  in  1875  went 
to  Hamilton,  Ohio.  Dr.  Jacob  H.  Borger,  a  student  of  Dr.  Carnahan,  took 
Carnahan's  practice.     Drs.  Steddom  and  Wright  have  practiced  there. 

The  homcEopathic  practitioners  in  Indiana  in  1857  were  as  follows: 
Aurora,  Dr.  Schmidt;  Bristol.  Dr.  L.  Dornbergh ;  Deep  River,  Dr.  Martin; 
Evansville,  Dr.  E.  J.  Ehrmann ;  Fort  Wayne,  Drs.  G.  W.  Bowen,  T.  H. 
Gotsch ;  Indianapolis,  Drs.  K.  Hornberg,  G.  W.  Shaw,  A.  S.  Wright ;  Lafay- 
ette, Dr.  J.  Weaver ;  Laporte,  Drs.  G.  S.  Hill,  Karr  and  Plympton ;  Madi- 
son, Drs.  Ennis  and  J.  B.  Hutchinson ;  New  Albany,  Dr.  G.  D.  Stewart ;  New 
Harmony,  Dr.  D.  O.  Owen;  Richmond,  Dr.  O.  P.  Baer;  South  Bend,  Dr.  N. 
Miller;  terre  Haute,  Dr.  I.  Potter. 

Fort  Wayne  had  a  homcEopathic  practitioner  in  1847,  i"  the  person  of 
Dr.  Collins.  Dr.  P.  W.  Leonard  settled  there  in  185 1  and  Dr.  George  W. 
Bowen  in  1852.  Dr.  Leonard  practiced  there  for  many  years.  Dr.  Bowen 
graduated  from  a  homoeopathic  college  in  Cleveland  in  1852,  having  been  a 
student  of  Dr.  D.  S.  Smith  of  Chicago.  He  has  long  been  a  well  known  expo- 
nent of  homoeopathy  in  Wayne  county,  and  is  still  in  practice  in  Fort  Wayne. 

In  1857  Drs.  Bowen  and  Gotsch  had  the  field.  In  1869  Drs.  Bowen,  John 
Frietzsche  and  P.  W.  Leonard  were  there,  and  in  1877  Drs.  M.  F.  Green,  H. 
Myers  and  A.  C.  Williams  had  joined  them.  Drs.  M.  F.  Green,  Ella 
F.  Harris,  Christian  Martz,  Henry  G.  Merz,  Arthur  L.  Mikesell,  George  A. 
Ross,  John  A..  Stutz,  A.  L.  Wilson,  Carina  B.  Banning,  Edmund  P.  Banning, 
Isaac  E.  Morris,  George  A.  Ross  and  S.  F.  Sutton  are  also  to  be  mentioned 
among  those  who  have  practiced  at  Fort  Wayne. 

In  1865  Dr.  Chase  located  in  Muncie.  In  1867  Dr.  J.  A.  Compton,  a 
graduate  of  Cleveland  homoeopathic  college,  settled  there,  and  removed  to  In- 
dianapolis in  1873.  Dr.  E.  Beckwith  located  in  Muncie  in  1873.  I^^s,  Casper 
L.  Bacon,  Harry  H.  Baker,  William  A.  Egbert,  Seth  G.  Hastings,  John  S. 
Martin,  Arthur  J.  Phinney,  J.  Edward  Wallace,  Emma  A.  Whitney,  William 
D.  Whitney,  A.  H.  Hastings  and  W.  Owen  have  practiced  there. 

The  father  of  homoeopathy  in  Floyd  county  was  Dr.  David  G.  Stewart, 
who  began  practice  in  New  Albany,  July  i,  1843.  Dr.  Stewart  said:  "I  be- 
gan to  practice  medicine  in  the  year  1824.  I  passed  an  examination  by  a  legal 
medical  board  of  the  medical  society  at  Vincennes,  Knox  county,  Indiana,  in 
183 1,  and  received  a  diploma.  The  Western  Homoeopathic  College  of  Medicine 
conferred  on  me  an  honorary  degree  at  Cleveland,  in  185 1." 

There  were  several  homoeopathic  physicians  located  in  New  Albany  be- 
tween 1843  and  1846,  but  none  permanently.  In  1856  Dr.  Theodore  Meurer 
settled  and  remained  there.  In  1868  Dr.  William  L.  Breyfogle  located  there 
but  after  two  years  went  to  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1868  Dr.  L.  W.  Carpenter,  and 
in  1875  Dr.  A.  :McNeiIl  located  in  New  Albany.  Drs.  W.  F.  LeFavre,  R.  S. 
Brigham,  John  H.  Baldwin,  G.  Oscar  Erni,  Louis  D.  Levi,  H.  J.  Needham, 
Carrie  M.  Reis  and  Edwin  A.  Sevringhaus  also  practiced  there. 

In  Clark  county  Dr.  H.  N.  Holland  introduced  homceopathy  into  Jeffer- 
sonville  in  1855.  Dr.  Holland  had  been  practicing  allopathy  since  1849,  but 
in  1855  investigated  the  claims  of  the  new  medical  method  and  adopted  it. 
He  was  born  in  Chemung,  N.  Y.,  November  10,  1807:  studied  at  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati :  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Scott 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  301 

county,  Indiana,  in  1837;  removed  to  Jeffersonville  in  1848,  and  the  next  year 
graduated  from  the  Louisville  Medical  College.  Drs.  J.  H.  Holland  (son  of 
N,  H.  Holland),  J.  Loomis,  Sarah  C.  Jackson,  George  W.  Lampton,  Solomon 
H.  Secoy  and  John  H.  Baldwin  have  also  been  in  practice  in  Clark  countv. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Wabash  county  in  1859  by  Dr.  Thomas 
C.  Hunter,  formerly  of  Ohio,  who  practiced  in  Wabash  one  year  and  then  re- 
turned to  Ohio.  After  that  for  a  time  there  was  no  homoeopathic  physician  in 
Wabash.  One  Dr.  Jones  conducted  a  water  cure  establishment  a  mile  from 
there,  in  which  the  medication  was  homoeopathic.  In  1865  Dr.  Jeremiah  W. 
Stewart,  who  had  been  a  student  of  Dr.  Hunter  and  who  had  been  in  practice 
in  Henry  county,  Ohio,  returned  to  Wabash  and  commenced  practice.  In 
1869,  while  there  were  in  Wabash  county  about  twenty-five  allopaths,  there 
were  but  two  homoeopaths,  Drs.  Stewart  and  Dedrich, 

Dr.  C.  E.  Rutherford  was  the  pioneer  in  Peru.  Miami  county,  about  1862. 
Dr.  Moses  H.  Waters,  a  graduate  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College,  commenced  practice  in  Peru  about  1865.  In  1868  he  located  at  Terre 
Haute. 

Dr.  Freese  was  the  first  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  Warsaw,  Kosciusko 
county,  locating  there  about  1854  or  1855.  Dr.  Seizor  practiced  there  about 
1866-68.  Drs.  Saunders  and  Ramsey  practiced  in  Logansport,  Cass  county, 
comm.encing  in  1861  or  1862. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  into  Evansville,  Vanderburg  county,  by  a 
German  Methodist  minister  whose  name  was  Barenburgh.  He  was  followed 
by  Dr.  Ernest  J.  Ehrmann,  who  was  born  in  Germany  in  1819.  His  father  w^as 
a  physician  who  followed  the  allopathic  practice  many  years.  He  came  to 
America  in  1823,  locating  in  York  county.  Pa.,  being  the  first  to  introduce 
homoeopathy  into  that  county.  Young  Ehrmann  studied  with  his  father  five 
years  and  in  1844  located  for  practice  in  Liverpool,  York  county.  In  185 1 
he  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  Philadelphia,  and  then  removed  to  Reitzville,  introducing  homoe- 
opathy there.  In  1852  he  went  to  Evansville,  Ind.,  where  he  established  a  good 
practice.  In  1865  Dr.  L.  S.  Herr  located  in  Evansville.  In  1866  Dr.  Field- 
ing L.  Davis  located  there.  In  1868  Dr.  R.  H.  McFarland  went  there  from 
Paducah,  Ky.  About  i860  Dr.  Theodore  Shultz  established  himself  in  Evans- 
ville.    His  practice  was  largely  among  the  German  population. 

The  following  letter  written  by  Dr.  R.  H.  Sears  was  published  in  the 
July,  185 1,  number  of  the  Cincinnati  "Journal  of  Homoeopathy." 

"  Point  Commerce,  Ind.,  June  16,  1851. 

"  Gentlemen :  I  practiced  medicine  for  four  years  on  the  old  system. 
T  attended  lectures  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  left  college  filled  with  prejudice, 
not  only  against  homoeopathy,  but  everything  liberal.  I  took  the  ipse  dixit 
of  the  professors  as  law  in  the  premises,  that  homoeopathy  was  a  humbug 
and  nothing  else.  Consequently  I  did  not  investigate  it  for  myself  but  plodded 
my  way  amidst  the  mazes  of  allopathic  darkness  for  four  years.  At  length, 
becoming  disgusted  with  the  uncertainty  of  such  means  for  the  relief  of 
suffering  humanity,  I  pondered  in  my  mind  whether,  after  all,  my  sapient 
professors  might  not  be  mistaken ;  whether  there  might  not  be  a  better  sys- 
tem than  the  '  old,'  '  regular,'  '  legitimate  '  system ;  whether,  indeed,  homoe- 
opathy was  not  the  system. 

"When  I  saw  a  homoeopathic  chair  announced  in  the  Eclectic  school  I 


302 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


determined  to  attend  and  hear  for  myself  what  these  two  systems  had  to 
oflfer.  The  result  was  that  I  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  have 
practiced  it  with  the  most  gratifying  success." 

As  early  as  1851  Dr.  James  B.  Hutchinson  settled  in  Madison,  Jeffer- 
son county.  He  had  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia in  1837,  and  located  in  Cincinnati.  In  1846  he  investigated  and 
adopted  homoeopathy,  and  began  its  practice.  Dr.  Alice  B,  Stockham  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  at  Lafayette,  Tippecanoe  county,  in  1856.  She 
was  a  graduate  from  the  Cincinnati  Eclectic  Medical  College  in  1854.  Her 
husband.  Dr.  G.  H.  Stockham,  also  practiced  in  Lafayette.  In  1869  they 
removed  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

Physicians  who  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Indiana  between  the  years 
1840  and  i860.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  was  a  con- 
vert to  homoeopathy.  The  character  x  indicates  that  practice  was  begun  be- 
fore the  year  noted. 


1847  Austin,  James    Richmond  1857 

1848  Baer,  Oliver  P.  *  Richmond  185 1 
1855  Burnham,  N.  G.     Indianapolis  1856 

1852  Bowen,  George  W.     Fort  Wayne  1857 

1857  Bovd,  James  T.  *  Indianapolis  1854 
....  Briice,  J.  E.  1857 
1847  Collms,  Dr.  Fort  Wayne  1857 
1840  Coe.  Isaac  *     Indianapolis  1857 

1858  Corliss,  C.  T.     Indianapolis  1857 

1853  Cuscaden,  Dr.  Richmond  1862 
1855  Davis,  T.  H.  Richmond  1857 
1857  Dornbergh,  L.  x  Bristol  1850 
1857  Ennis,  Dr.  x  Madison  1856 
1852  Ehrmann,  Ernest  J-     Evansville  1857 

1859  Eggert,  Wm.  A.  *  Indianapolis  1843 
1840  Frietzsche,  John     Fort  Wayne  1843 

1854  Freese,  Dr.  Warsaw  1848 
1859  Garrettson,  Joseph  Richmond  1850 
1857  Gotsch,  T.  H.  X     Fort  Wayne  1856 

1855  Holland,  H.  N.  *  Jeffersonville  1847 
1857  Hornberg,  K.  Indianapolis  1850 
1857  Hill,  G.  S.  X  Laporte  1857 
1859  Hunter,  Thomas  C.  Wabash  1857 
1846  Hutchinson,  J.  B.  *     Madison 


Karr,  —  x     Laporte 
Leonard,  P.  W.    Fort  Wayne 
Meurer,   Theodore     New   Albany 
Martin,  Dr.  x     Deep  River 
Minier,  Dr.     Richmond 
Miller,   N.  x     South   Bend 
Owen,  D.  O.  x     New  Harmony 
Plympton,   Dr.  x     Laporte 
Potter,  L.  x     Cambridge 
Rutherford,   C.   E.     Peru 
Schmidt,  —  x     Aurora 
Sears,  R.  H.  *     Point  Commerce 
Shard,  —    Indianapolis 
Shaw,  G.  W.  X     Indianapolis 
Stewart,  Jeremiah  W.     Wabash 
Stewart,  D.  G.  *     New  Albany 
Steemm,  C.  W.     Richmond 
Stockham,  G-  H.  *     Lafayette 
Stockham,  Alice  B.  *    Lafayette 
Van  Buren,  Dr.     Indianapolis 
Wright,  A.   S.     Indianapolis 
Weaver,  J.  x     Lafayette 
Weaver,  Dr.  x     Lafayette 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  303 


CHAPTER    XXI 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    MAINE. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Early  Homoeopathy  in  the  Pine  Tree  State — Characteristics  of  the  Early  Practitioners — 
The  State  and  Other  Medical  Societies — Sandicky,  the  Itinerant  Homoeopath — 
His   Converts   and    Followers — List   of   Early   Practitioners. 

In  the  year  1840  homceopathy  was  introduced  in  three  states :  Indiana, 
New  Hampshire  and  Maine,  and  while  in  New  Hampshire  the  medical  de- 
partment of  Dartmouth  Colleg-e  and  in  Maine  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School 
were  respectively  situated,  in  each  of  these  states  the  growth  of  the  new  sys- 
tem was  exceedingly  rapid.  In  the  ten  years  from  1840  to  1850  homoeopathy 
was  planted  in  the  towns  of  Bath,  Portland,  Belfast,  Bangor,  Brooks,  Vas- 
salboro.  Auburn,  China,  Augusta,  Gardiner  and  Kennebunkport,  and  the  men 
who  became  its  best  exemplars  and  most  able  defenders  had  been  practitioners 
of  the  old  school.  Maine  was  represented  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homceopathy  in  1844  by  Drs.  Albus  Rea,  Eliphalet  Clark  and 
John  Merrill  of  Portland,  and  they  were  apppinted  to  perform  the  duty  of 
censors  of  one  of  the  six  boards  created  by  the  institute  for  the  examination 
of  candidates  for  membership. 

During  the  first  ten  years  of  life  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state,  the  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  its  practitioners  was  remarkable,  especially  when  we 
consider  the  comparatively  undeveloped  condition  of  the  homoeopathic  sys- 
tem at  that  time,  and  the  further  fact  that  it  had  no  school  of  medical  instruc- 
tion in  the  country.  Again,  nearly  all  these  old  pioneers  in  the  state  had 
been  converted  from  the  allopathic  school,  and  few  indeed  of  them  were  in- 
duced to  take  up  the  new  practice  until  its  merits  had  been  fully  tested  and 
proved.  As  in  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  other  states,  the  meth- 
ods of  medical  treatment  during  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1849  brought  homoe- 
opathy into  prominent  view  in  Maine,  and  its  practitioners  there  as  elsewhere 
were  able  to  report  far  better  results  in  the  use  of  attenuated  medicines  than 
could  be  shown  by  the  allopaths  with  their  so-called  "  heroic  doses."  This 
difference  was  particularly  noticeable  in  Bangor  and  that  vicinity,  where 
the  ravages  of  the  disease  were  very  severe.  Again,  during  the  series  of 
epidemics  of  diphtheria  which  ravaged  the  state  about  i860  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  scored  signal  success  over  their  less  modest  brethren  of  the  old 
school  in  the  treatment  of  those  afflicted  with  that  disease.  As  was  the  suc- 
cess then,  so  was  it  afterward,  and  so  it  is  even  at  the  present  day. 

An  idea  of  the  growth  of  homceopathy  in  the  state  may  be  obtained  in 
the  statement  that  in  1850  there  were  twenty  of  its  practitioners  in  Maine, 
and  in  i860  the  number  had  increased  to  thirty-five;  in  1870  to  forty-five;  in 
1880  to  seventy-five;  in  1890  to  one  hundred;  and  in  the  year  1904  there 
were  in  practice  in  the  state  ninety-five  homoeopathic  physicians  and  surgeons. 


304 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


MAINE   HOMOEOPATHIC   MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

As  early  as  1866  the  homoeopathic  physicians  Hving  in  the  valley  of  the 
Kennebec  river  formed  the  Central  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  of 
Maine,  the  meetings  of  which  were  held  quarterly  in  different  towns.  It 
is  said  that  this  society  was  the  result  of  a  conversation  between  Drs.  Bell 
and  Thompson  of  Augusta.  Soon  afterward  a  call  was  issued  and  on  Aug- 
ust 22.  1866,  the  society  was  organized  in  Augusta,  with  officers  as  follows: 
Dr.  William  E.  Payne  of  Bath,  president;  Dr.  Herbert  C.  Bradford  of  Lewis- 
town,  vice-president;  Dr.  N.  G.  H.  Pulsifer  of  Waterville,  treasurer;  Dr. 
James  B.  Bell  of  Augusta,  secretary.     After  July  14,   1868,  the  society  met 


Wm.    E.    Pavne,    M.    D. 


semi-annually.     Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  state  society  the  older  body 
lost  its  identity. 

The  Maine  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  formed  from  the  society 
just  mentioned  at  a  meeting  held  in  Augusta,  January  15,  1867,  and  was  in- 
corporated May  23  following.  Its  first  officers  were  Dr.  William  E.  Payne 
of  Bath,  president;  Drs.  C.  H.  Burr  of  Portland  and  Hosea  B.  Eaton  of 
Rockport,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  N.  G.  H.  Pulsifer  of  Waterville,  recording 
secretary;  Dr.  J.  B.  Bell  of  Augusta,  corresponding  secretary;  Drs.  Eliphalet 
Clark  of  Portland,  George  P.  JefTords  of  Bangor,  Richmond  Bradford  of 
Auburn,  Moses  R.  Pulsifer  of  Ellsworth  and  M.  S.  Briry  of  Bath,  censors. 
This  society  is  still  in  existence,  and  meets  annually  in  June  in  different  towns ; 
membership  in   1903,   sixty-six.     Transactions  have  been  published  annually 


I 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  305 

since  1887.  The  number  for  1892  contains  a  complete  history  of  homoe- 
opathy in  Maine,  being  the  president's  address  at  the  quarter-centennial  cele- 
bration of  the  society's  existence. 

REMINISCENCES. 

The  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Maine  naturally  belongs  to  what 
is  conveniently  termed  the  second  epoch  of  homoeopathy  in  America. 
The  first  practitioner  of  the  system  in  the  state  was  Dr.  D.  F. 
Sandicky,  a  Polish  physician  who  visited  several  towns,  practicing  in  each  a 
short  time  and  not  locating  permanently.  The  honor  of  pioneership,  however, 
is  generally  accorded  to  Dr.  William  E.  Payne,  who  came  to  Bath  in  1840 
and  found  Sandicky  in  practice  there.  In  speaking  of  his  intercourse  with 
the  itinerant,  who  really  converted  Dr.  Payne  to  homoeopathy,  the  latter  said : 
"  I  found  him  intelligent,  and  as  the  reserve  from  professional  antagonism 
wore  away  our  conversation  turned  to  the  subject  of  medicine.  A  concise 
presentation  of  homoeopathy  showed  that  I  had,  through  misrepresentation, 
misapprehended  its  principles ;  and  I  felt  a  growing  desire  to  know  some- 
thing more  of  the  system  of  which  I  had  up  to  this  time,  entertained  so  mean 
an  opinion.  I  therefore  gladly  accepted  the  doctor's  proposition  to  loan  me 
the  Organon  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine ;  and  well  do  I  remember  with  what 
impatience  I  looked  forward  to  an  opportunity  to  read  it.  After  the  labors 
of  the  day  were  over,  I  retired  to  my  sleeping  apartment,  locked  the  door, 
and  sat  down  to  its  perusal.  In  running  rapidly  through  the  introductory 
chapter  I  became  intensely  interested ;  for  light  was  thrown  upon  certain  in- 
cidents that  had  occurred  in  the  course  of  my  practice  which  I  had  in  vain 
endeavoured  to  comprehend  and  explain.  Here,  I  thought,  is  enunciated  a 
principle,  which,  if  true  in  practice  will  take  the  place  of  all  the  theorizings 
and  speculations  of  the  schools."  Dr.  Payne  determined  to  take  no  man's 
word  regarding  the  truth  of  Hahnemann's  statements,  but  to  test  it  care- 
fully, and  as  a  result  the  i6th  day  of  October,  1840,  he  made  his  first  pre- 
scription in  accordance  with  the  law  of  similars. 

When  Dr.  Payne  proclaimed  himself  a  believer  in  homoeopathy  he  was 
ridiculed  and  m.isrepresented  by  his  former  colleagues,  but  he  kept  his  pa- 
tients and  afterward  declared  that  the  notoriety  given  the  matter  by  his  villi- 
fiers  was  of  great  benefit  to  the  cause  and  to  his  practice.  For  twenty  years 
after  this  he  was  the  only  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  Bath.  <  Dr.  Sandicky, 
his  teacher,  remained  but  a  few  weeks  in  Bath,  going  from  there  to  Port- 
land in  the  latter  part  of  November,  1840.  In  1856  Dr.  Milton  S.  Briry,  an 
11  allopath  who  had  located  in  Bath  the  year  before,  became  interested  in  homoe- 
pathy  and  placed  himself  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Payne.  After  careful 
investigation  he  gave  up  his  allopathic  practice  and  became  an  earnest  expo- 
nent of  the  new  system  in  Bath,  where  he  lived  many  years. 

Drs.  Pavne  and  Briry  held  the  field  until  1868,  when  Dr.  Payne's  son, 
Dr.  Fred  W.  Payne,  a  graduate  from  the  Harvard  Medical  School  and  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  (also  having  spent  some 
months  in  study  abroad)  entered  into  partnership  with  his  father.  In  1877 
the  cause  was  strengthened  in  Bath  by  the  advent  of  Dr.  Levi  S.  Kimball, 
who  had  just  graduated  from  the  Boston  University  School  of  Medicine. 
Since  that  time  Drs.  E.  P.  Roche.  James  W.  Savage,  A.  K.  Gilmore,  Percy 
W.  Roberts,  C.  Frederick  Curtis  and  Charles  D.  McDonald  have  also  been 
practitioners  in  Bath. 


3  (Mi 


IITSTORV  OF  HOMa:OPATHY 


As  has  been  stated,  Dr.  Sandicky  in  the  latter  part  of  1840  removed 
from  Bath  to  Portland.  He  was  not  long  in  that  city  before  his  earnest  mis- 
sionary work  brought  forth  results.  Among  the  allopathic  physicians  there 
were  three  who  had  been  for  some  time  in  practice  and  who  held  the  esteem 
of  the  community,  Drs.  Eliphalet  Clark,  Albert  Rea  and  John  Merrill.  They 
became  interested  in  the  medical  propaganda  of  the  wandering  Sandicky  and 
it  was  probably  about  the  same  time  that  they  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. This  was  in  the  year  1841.  Dr.  Payne  says  of  this  that  he  does  not 
know  who  was  the  first  to  adopt  the  system,  but  that  Dr.  Merrill  always 
claimed  that  honor.  Dr.  Payne  writes :  "  In  the  winter  of  1841  I  first  be- 
came cognizant  of  the  fact  that  Drs.  Clark  and  Merrill  were  engaged  in  the 


Eliphalet  Clark,  .M.  D. 

practice.  In  the  latter  part  of  thai  winter  I  visited  them  in  Portland,  and 
in  return  was  visited  by  Dr.  Merrill  at  Bath.  Meeting  and  taking  by  the 
hand  a  professional  brother  in  these  early  days  of  homoeopathy  was  an  0C7 
casion  of  extreme  pleasure.  It  was  like  meeting  an  old  and  long  absent 
friend." 

It  is  said  that  Dr.  Rhea  was  converted  by  Dr.  Clark,  but  it  was  the  in- 
fluence of  Dr.  Sandicky  that  resulted  in  the  introduction  of  the  law  of  similia 
in  the  two  widely  separated  towns  of  Bath  and  Portland. 

Another  of  the  notable  pioneers  of  Portland  was  Dr.  Moses  Dodge,  an 
allopathic  physician  who  while  on  a  tour  in  search  of  a  place  to  locate  stopped 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  307 

for  a  few  days  at  Portland.  During-  this  visit  his  son  was  taken  sick  with 
croup,  and  after  vainly  trying^  the  rei^ular  remedies  of  which  he  knew,  with- 
out any  result,  he  was  persuaded  by  friends  to  call  in  Dr.  Clark  and  try 
homoeopathy.  The  effect  was  so  marked  that  Dr.  Dodi^e  gave  the  matter  a 
thorough  investigation,  and  this  induced  him  to  remain  in  Portland  and  prac- 
tice under  the  new  system.  He  became  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  that 
city  and  lived  there  the  rest  of  his  life. 

In  1848  Dr.  Rufus  Shackford  located  in  Portland.  He  had  graduated 
at  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1845,  and  practiced  for  three  years  in  Lowell, 
Mas&. 

In  1850  Dr.  James  Merrill  Cummings,  who  had  been  the  preceptor  of 
Dr.  Shackford,  after  practicing  in  several  towns  in  Massachusetts,  was  in- 
duced to  settle  in  Portland. 

Dr.  Charles  Hartwell  Burr  opened  a  dental  office  in  Portland  in  185 1,  but 
in  1857  decided  to  study  medicine.  He  graduated  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1859,  '^"d  i"  the  same  year  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Dr.  Rea.  He  became  one  of  the  notble  practitioners  of  homoe- 
opathy in  Maine. 

The  following  homoeopathic  physicians  have  been  at  different  periods  prac- 
titioners in  Portland :  Drs.  George  A.  Clark.  R.  L.  Dodge,  Silas  E.  Sylves- 
ter, Greenleaf  P.  Thompson,  Mrs.  Annie  G.  C.  Ohler,  John  T.  Palmer,  M. 
C.  Pingree,  E.  F.  Vose,  George  P.  Wesselhoeft,  J.  W.  "Whidden,  Luther  A. 
Brown,  Francis  D.  Coleman,  Rudolph  L.  Dodge,  Leslie  C.  Jewell,  and  Samuel 
Worcester. 

In  the  autumn  of  1843  ^^-  John  Payne,  an  allopath  then  residing  tem- 
porarily at  Northport,  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  through  the  influence 
of  Dr.  William  E.  Payne.  After  making  a  trial  of  the  remedies  he  went  to 
Belfast  in  February,  1844,  and  renouncing  the  old  practice  which  he  had  fol- 
lowed for  fifteen  years,  devoted  himself  to  the  new  method.  He  remained  in 
Belfast  until  his  death,  October  8,  1857.  His  son,  Dr.  Lycurgus  V.  Payne, 
who  died  in  1853,  was  associated  with  him  from  1846  to  1849.  It  was  through 
the  influence  of  Dr.  John  Payne  that  Dr.  Jacob  Roberts,  of  Brooks,  another 
old  school  physician  of  many  years'  experience,  was  induced  to  adopt  homoe- 
opathy. The  successor  of  Dr.  Payne  at  Belfast  was  Dr.  David  P.  Flanders, 
who  located  there  in  1858.     Dr.  J.  A.  Savage  also  practiced  there. 

In  1843  Dr.  Snell;  of  Bangor,  sought  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  that  city 
with  a  domestic  book  and  a  box  of  medicines.  In  July,  1844,  Dr.  William 
Gallup  removed  from  Concord,  Mass.,  to  Bangor,  where  he  announced  him- 
self a  homoeopathic  physician.  While  in  practice  in  Concord  in  1839  he  met 
a  lady  who  had  been  subject  to  severe  attacks  of  enteralgia  and  had  not  been 
able  to  obtain  relief  from  allopathic  treatment.  She  told  Dr.  Gallup  of  the 
very  satisfactory  results  experienced  from  the  use  of  homoeopathic  remedies 
and  he  was  by  this  interview  led  to  investigate  the  matter  for  himself.  After 
some  difficulty  he  obtained  a  few  books,  subscribed  for  the  "  Homoeopathic 
Examiner,"  then  published  in  New  York,  secured  a  copy  of  the  Organon  and 
began  to  experiment  in  his  treatment.  He  was  soon  converted,  and  after  he 
located  in  Bangor  he  practiced  nothing  but  the  most  rigid  homoeopathy.  From 
1844  to  1849  t)r.  Gallup  w-as  the  only  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  Bangor, 
but  in  the  spring  of  1849  ^^-  James  H.  Payne  removed  there  from  Mont- 
ville.  Drs.  Gallup  and  Payne  remained  alone  in  Bangor  until  the  autumn  of 
1854,  when  Dr.  James  H.  P.  Frost  opened  an  office  there,  being  followed  in 


308  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

1855  by  Dr.  George  Kellogg,  who  removed  two  years  later  to  New  York  state. 

In  December,  i860,  Dr.  George  P.  Jefferds  took  the  place  of  Dr.  Payne. 
He  had  previously  been  located  at  Kennebunkport.  where  he  had  been  prac- 
ticing homoeopathy  since  1850.  His  attention  had  been  drawn  to  that  system 
by  Dr.  Hoffendahl  of  Boston.  In  1865  Dr.  Frost  went  to  Philadelphia  and 
was  succeeded  in  Bangor  by  Dr.  John  M.  Blaisdell.  Dr.  Herbert  C.  Brad- 
ford also  practiced  in  Bangor  for  a  short  time  about  1857.  Dr.  John  M. 
Prilay  went  there  in  1885,  having  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia  the  same  year ;  Dr.  Henry  Clark  Jefferds  graduated  from 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1885  and  located  in 
Bangor,  where  he  remained  until  1889,  when  he  went  to  Oregon.  Dr.  Will- 
iam F.  Shepard  settled  there  in  1875.  Dr.  William  E.  Fellows  went  there 
in  1890.     In  1899  Dr.  Byron  D.  Spencer  was  located  in  Bangor. 

In  1844  Dr.  Jacob  Roberts,  of  Brooks,  who  had  been  engaged  in  allo- 
pathic practice  for  forty  years,  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy.  His  grand- 
son, F.  A.  Roberts  (then  a  child  but  afterward  a  homoeopathic  physician), 
was  suffering  from  whooping  cough.  Dr.  Roberts  had  tried  in  vain  to  aid 
his  afflicted  grandson.  At  last  he  went  to  Dr.  Payne  and  told  him  about  the 
case  and  within  twenty-four  hours  after  Dr.  Payne's  homoeopathic  pre- 
scription the  child  was  better.  After  this  Dr.  Roberts  investigated  homoe- 
opathy and  in  1846  removed  to  Vassalboro,  introducing  the  system  in  that 
town.  He  remained  there  until  his  death  in  ^Nlarch,  1856.  Dr.  Roberts  v/as 
born  in  Brookfield,  Maine,  in  1784. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Barrows  was  an  early  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  \'assal- 
boro,  where  he  remained  until  1865.  Later  on  he  went  to  Gardiner,  a  few 
miles  away,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  June  20,  1870.  Dr.  Rufus  R. 
Williams  in  1858  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Clinton,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1863,  and  then  went  to  North  Vassalboro.  Later  he  removed  to  Gardiner, 
practicing  there  until  1875,  when  illness  compelled  him  to  seek  a  southern 
climate.     He  died  in  Malvern,  Arkansas,  March  25,  1875. 

Dr.  Francis  A.  Roberts  commenced  practice  in  China  in  February,  1861. 
The  next  year  he  went  to  Vassalboro  and  took  up  the  study  of  homoeopathy 
with  Dr.  Barrows.  In  September  of  the  same  year  he  returned  to  China, 
where  he  practiced  until  1865  and  then  located  in  North  A-'assalboro,  taking 
Dr.  Barrows'  practice  while  the  latter  went  to  Gardiner.  In  1883  Dr.  Rob- 
erts removed  to  Waterville.  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  May  26.  1892. 

Drs.  J.  Donnell  Young,  Thomas  M.  Dillingham,  Gertrude  E.  Heath, 
Huldah  McA.  Potter  and  Alanson  T.  Schuman  have  practiced  in  Gardiner. 
Drs.  Daniel  C.  Perkins,  M.  K.  Dwinell  and  Ralph  H.  Pulsifer  have  practiced 
in  Vassalboro. 

In  1845  ^"  important  addition  was  made  to  the  ranks  of  homoeopathy  by 
the  conversion  of  Dr.  Richmond  Bradford  of  Auburn.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Bowdoin  "  banner  class  "  of  1825,  among  whose  members  were  Long- 
fellow, Hawthorne,  John  S.  C.  Abbott,  George  B.  Giecver  and  Jonathan  Cil 
ley.  He  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Maine  Medical  School  in  1829, 
After  practicing  allopathy  for  fifteen  years  he  became  a  convert  to  homoe-' 
opathy,  abandoning  the  old  practice  in  September,  1845.  He  attended  a 
course  of  lectures  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and 
returned  to  Maine  to  practice.  He  influenced  many  to  believe  in  homoeopathy, 
including  an  old  allopathic  medical  friend,  Dr.  Calvin  Gorham,  and  was  a 
power  for  the  principles  of  Hahnemann  in  that  part  of  the  state  for  many 


r 

i. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


309 


years.  He  was  identified  with  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Auburn  and 
the  neighboring  city  of  Lewiston.  He  died  December  21,  1874,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  Dr.  Herbert  C.  Bradford,  Avho  studied  with  his  father, 
graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1856, 
and  then  located  in  Lewiston. 

Drs.  David  N.  Skinner,  Mary  W.  Bates  Stevens,  Ward  J.  Renwick  and 
Alfred  Sails  have  practiced  in  Auburn.  In  Lewiston  Drs,  Robert  L.  Dana, 
W.  S.  Howe,  H.  N.  Parker.  N.  E.  Parker,  Aurelia  Springer,  Arthur  D.  Bow- 
man and  Austin  L.  Harvey  have  been  located  and  in  practice. 

In  1847  or  1848.  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Jonathan  Roberts,  Dr.  Will- 
iam B.  Chamberlain  introduced  homoeopathy  to  the  people  of  China.     He  re- 


James  H.  Payne,  M.  D. 


mained  there,  however,  only  a  short  time.    He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Western 
College  of  Homoeopathic   Medicine  in   1854. 

Dr.  Green  introduced  homoeopathy  m  Augusta  in  1847,  but  the  first  real 
practitioner  there  was  Dr.  Shadrach  M.  Cate,  who  located  in  that  city  in  1850. 
He  had  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in 
Cleveland  in  185 1.  He  remained  in  Augusta  until  i860,  when  he  went  to 
Salem,  Mass.  His  place  was  taken  by  Dr.  Danforth  Whiting,  who  for  sev- 
eral years  previously  had  been  associated  with  him.  In  1865  Dr.  William 
L.  Thompson  took  the  practice  of  Dr.  Whiting.  In  1861  Dr.  James  Batch- 
elder  Bell  located  at  Augusta  and  remained  there  until  1880.  when  he  went 


310  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

to  Boston.  Dr.  Bell  made  for  himself  in  Maine  a  most  enviable  reputation 
as  a  surgeon  and  careful  prescriber. 

In  1874  Dr.  Thomas  M.  Dillingham  went  to  Augusta,  remaining  there 
for  five  years  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Bell.  In  1882  Dr.  Nancy  T.  Will- 
iams settled  in  Augusta.  To  Dr.  Williams  is  due  the  honor  of  having  been 
the  largest  single  contributor  to  the  Hahnemann  monument  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  her  gifts  for  that  purpose  amounting  to  $4,510.  At  present  the  homoe- 
opathic field  in  Augusta  is  occupied  by  Drs.  W.  Scott  Hall  and  William  S. 
Thompson. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Gardiner  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Jackson  in  April, 
1849.  Previous  to  that  time  a  clergyman  named  Howard  had  practiced  as 
far  back  as  1843.  About  1853  Dr.  Jackson  went  to  Roxbury,  Mass.,  and 
Dr.  F.  N.  Palmer  succeeded  him.  Dr.  George  P.  Jefferds  introduced  homoe- 
opathy in  Kennebunkport  in  1849,  ^"d  Dr.  B.  H.  Batchelder  located  the  same 
year  at  Montville. 

In  1850  Dr.  Greenfield  P.  Thompson  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Yar- 
mouth, and  Dr.  Moses  R.  Pulsifer  in  Ellsworth,  each. of  these  physicians  hav- 
mg  previously  been  engaged  in  allopathic  practice.  In  1872  Dr.  Olin  M. 
Drake  located  in  Ellsworth.  Drs.  Walter  M.  Haines,  Atwater  L.  Douglass, 
James  T.  McDonald  and  Harry  W.  Osgood  have  practiced  in  Ellsworth.  Dr. 
James  C.  Gannett  located  in  Yarmouth  in  1878. 

A  Rev.  Mr.  Hill  introduced  the  system  in  Winthrop.  He  was  followed 
by  Dr.  F.  N.  Palmer,  who  soon  went  to  Gardiner.  In  1857  Dr.  Charles  A. 
Cochran  located  in  Winthrop.  In  1858  Dr.  Mitchell  went  to  Calais  and  later 
that  field  was  occupied  by  Dr.  D.  E.  Seymour,  who  went  there  in   1862. 

In  1862  Dr.  Nathan  G.  H.  Pulsifer  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Water- 
ville.  In  1883  Dr.  F.  A.  Roberts  located  there,  and  in  1887  Dr.  W.  M.  Pulsi- 
fer was  there  for  a  short  time.  In  1887  Dr.  Maurice  K.  Dwinell  went  there, 
and  about  that  time  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Knox  went  from  Bangor  to  Waterville. 

In  Rockland  Dr.  J,  M.  Blaisdell  was  the  pioneer  in  1862.  In  Damaris- 
cotta  the  same  year  Dr.  J.  P.  Paine  introduced  the  practice.  Dr.  Joseph  M. 
King  is  in  practice  there  at  the  present  time. 

Richmond  and  Rockport  (Camden)  were  the  only  new  points  in  Maine  in 
which  homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  1854.  Dr.  J.  D.  Young  was  the  pio- 
neer in  Richmond  and  Dr.  Hosea  B.  Eaton  in  Rockport.  In  1857  Dr.  David 
S.  Richards  went  to  Richmond,  remaining  there  permanently. 

In  1856  Dr.  Herbert  C.  Bradford  introduced  homeopathy  in  Lewiston. 
Dr.  J.  O.  Moore  in  Saco,  and  Dr.  Edward  W.  Morton  in  Kennebunk. 

Dr.  T.  S.  Goodwin  opened  an  office  in  Skowhegan  in  1857,  -^"cl  the  next 
year  Dr.  J.  H.  Hamilton  went  there,  remaining  two  years.  Dr.  Goodwin  re- 
mained until  1865  and  was  succeeded  in  the  next  year  by  Dr.  Sumner  H. 
Boynton.  He  left  in  1867.  In  April,  1869,  Dr.  Thomas  L.  Bradford  grad- 
uated from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  and  located 
at  Skowhegan,  where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of  1877  and  then  removed 
to  Philadelphia,  his  present  residence.  In  1874  Dr.  Winfield  S.  Wright  prac- 
ticed in  Skowhegan  for  a  few  months.  Dr.  Fellows  continued  in  practice 
there  until  1890,  when  he  went  to  Bangor.  Dr.  Cora  M.  Johnson  located  at 
Skowhegan  in  1883.  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Sewell  went  to  Skowhegan  in  1882  or 
1883.     Drs.  William  M.  Pulsifer  and  Johnson  are  now  located  there. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Farmington  in  1861  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Ham- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  311 

ilton.  In  1863  Dr.  O.  W.  True  located  there.  Drs.  F.  O.  Lyford,  William 
Randall  and  Mary  F.  Cushman  have  practiced  in  Farmington. 

In  1862  Dr.  J.  W.  Savage  opened  an  office  in  East  Wiscasset.  In  1866 
Dr.  S.  E.  Hartwell  located  in  Strong.  Dr.  B.  L.  Dresser  located  at  Sears- 
port  about  1866.     Later  Dr.  William  R.  Knowles  went  there. 

Dr.  William  E.  Payne  was  born  in  Unity,  Kennebec  county,  November 
15,  1815.  He  graduated  from  the  Maine  Medical  School  in  1838  and  located  in 
Bath.  In  September,  1840,  he  embraced  homoeopathy.  He  was  prominent 
both  in  the  councils  of  his  professional  brethren  in  the  state  and  in  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  He  was  active  and  emeritus  professor  in  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  Boston  University,  and  the 


Nancy  T.  Williams,  M.  D. 

New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  "  North  American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy,"  and  was  honorary  member 
of  several  state  societies.  He  was  several  times  connected  with  the  city  gov- 
ernment in  Bath,  traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  may  be  considered  the 
father  of  homoeopathy  in  Maine.     He  died  in  Bath,  May  9,  1877. 

Dr.  James  Batchelder  Bell  was  born  in  Monson,  Piscataquis  county,  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1838.  He  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1859,  passed  the  following  year  in  the  hospitals  of  Vienna,  and 
in  1861  located  in  Augusta,  remaining  there  until  1880,  when  he  went  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  William  P.  Wesselhoeft, 
He  is  still  in  practice  in  Boston. 


312  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Dr.  Eliphalet  Clark  was  born  in  Stroigg,  Maine,  in  1801.  He  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  Rowdoin  Medical  School  and  graduated  from  there 
in  1824.  He  began  practice  in  Wilton,  but  in  1830  removed  to  Portland, 
where  he  built  up  a  large  business.    He  died  in  Portland,  June  8,  1883. 

Dr.  John  ]\Ierrill  was  born  in  Conway,  N.  H.,  in  1782;  attended  Phillips 
(Exeter)  Academy;  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in  1804;  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  John  Warren,  and  graduated  from  the  Harvard  Medical  School 
in  1807.  He  then  located  in  Portland  and  began  the  practice  of  homceopathy 
in  1841.     He  died  there,  June  7,  1855. 

Dr.  Richmond  Bradford  was  born  in  Turner,  Me.,  in  1801 ;  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  College  in  1825  ;  in  medicine  from  the  same  institution  in  1829, 
and  located  in  Turner.  In  1835  he  went  to  Auburn,  being  the  only  physician 
there  and  the  adjoining  town  of  Lewiston.  He  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1845. 
He  died  in  Auburn,  December  21,  1874. 

Dr.  George  P.  JefTerds  was  born  at  Kennebunkport,  May  7,  1816;  grad- 
uated from  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in  1845  ■  located  in  his  native  place 
and  remained  there  until  i860.     In  1849  ^^  became  a  homceopathist. 

Dr.  IMilton  S.  Briry  was  born  in  Bowdoin,  May  17,  1825;  graduated 
from  the  Maine  Medical  School  in  1853,  ^^^  settled  in  Bath ;  adopted  homoe- 
opathy in  1855;  died  in  Bath,  August  2,  1899. 

Dr.  Albert  Rea  was  born  in  Windham,  Cumberland  county,  ]\[e.,  in  1795; 
graduated  from  the  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1819,  and  in  1820  settled  in 
Portland.  He  became  a  convert  in  1841.  He  died  in  Portland,  October  14, 
1848. 

Dr.  James  Merrill  Cummings  was  born  in  Boston.  Mass..  July  27,  1810; 
graduated  from  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School,  and  located  in  Calais,  Me.; 
removed  to  Nashua.  N.  H.,  and  from  there  to  Cairo,  111. ;  returned  east  and 
settled  in  Groton,  Mass.;  remained  there  until  1846,  and  then  went  to  Salem; 
adopted  homoeopathv  in  1844;  died  in  Portland.  July  20.  1883. 

Dr.  Moses  Dodge  was  born  in  Sedgewick,  Me.,  March  9.  1812;  grad- 
uated from  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in  1838,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  at  Sedgewick.  In  1846,  desiring  a  larger  field,  he  started 
westward  and  located  at  Portland,  Oregon.     He  died  there,  October  18,  1879. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Maine  previous  to  i860.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  be- 
fore the  date  given. 

1849  Batchelder.  B-  H.  *    Montville  1845  Dodge,  Moses  *    Portland 

1857  Barrows,  J.  H.  x     North  Vassalboro      1854  Eaton,  Hosea  B.  *    Rockport 

1859  Bell,  James  B.     Augusta  1857  Flanders,  David  P.     Belfast 

1845  Bradford,  Richmond  *     Auburn  1850  Frost,  James  H.  P.     Bangor 

1856  Bradford,  Herbert  C.     Lewiston  1840  Gallup,  William  *     Bangor 
1859  Briry,   Milton  H.  *     Bath  1857  Goodwin,  T.  S.     Skowhegan 

1857  Brown,  E.  W.  x     Portland  1847  Green,  Dr.     Augusta 
1859  Burr,   Charles  H.     Portland  1855  Hill,  Rev.  Mr.     Winthrop 
1845  Gate,  Shadrach  M.     Augusta  1858  Hamilton.  J.  H.     Skowhegan 
1847  Chamberlain,  William  B.     China  1840  Jackson,   W.   F.     Gardiner 

1840  Clark,  Eliphalet  *     Portland  1849  JeflFerds,  Geo.  P.  *     Kennebunkport 

1856  Cochran,  Oiarles  A.     Winthrop  1852  Kellogg,  Edwin  Merritt     Bangor 
1844  Cummings,  James  M.  *     Portland  1841  Merrill,  John  *     Portland 

1857  Currier,   Dr.  x    Readfield  1857  Morton,  E.  W.  x     Kennebunk 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


313 


1849  Moore,  James  Otis     Saco 
1858  Mitchell,  Dr. 

1857  Miilvey,  B.  C.  x     Saco 

1853  Palmer,    F.    N.     Gardiner 

1843  Payne,  John  *    Belfast 

1840  Payne,  William  E.  *     Bath 

1846  Payne,  Lvcurgus  V.    Belfast 

1851  Pulsifer,  Nathan  G.  H.  *     Waterville 

1850  Pulsifer,  Moses  R.  *     Ellsworth 
1857  Putnam,  James  T.  x     York 
1840  Rea,  Albert  *     Portland 

1857  Richards,  D.  S.  *     Richmond 


1861  Roberts,  F.  A.  *    China 

1844  Roberts,  Jacob  *    Brooks 

1840  Sandicky,  D.  F.    Bath— Portland 

1858  Seymour,  D.  E.     Calais 

1845  Shackford,  Rufus     Portland 
1843  Snell,  Dr.  *    Bangor 

1850  Thompson,  G.  P.  *     Yarmouth 

1857  Thonipson,  William  L.     Augusta 
....  Whiting,  Danforth     Augusta 

1858  Williams,  R.  R.     Qinton 
1854  Young,  J.  D.    Richmond 


O 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  315 


CHAPTER    XXH 

HOMOEOPATHY    IX    THE   DISTRICT   OF    COLUMBIA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Brief  Allusion  to  the  Hahnemann  Monument — Ceremonies  of  the  Unveiling — The  Wash- 
ington Convention — HomcEopathic  Societies  and  Hospitals — Dr.  John  Piper,  the  First 
Homoeopathic  Physician  in  the  District  of  Columbia — Reminiscences  and  List  of 
Early  Practitioners. 

"  We  give  into  your  keeping  this  testimonial  of  our  recognition  of  one 
of  the  world's  most  pronounced  benefactors.  Take  it  under  the  national  pro- 
tection; guard  it  as  the  cherished  object  of  millions  of  our  people." 

These  words  were  spoken  by  Dr.  Charles  Edgar  Walton,  of  Cincinnati, 
in  his  official  capacity  as  president  of  the  Ainerican  Institute  of  Homoeopathy 
to  Col.  Theodore  A.  Bingham,  superintendent  of  public  buildings  and 
grounds  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  occasion  of  the  national  conven- 
tion of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  the  city  of  Washington  dur- 
ing the  week  beginning  June  19,  1900. 

The  annual  convention  oi  the  institute  in  1900  waslield  in  the  capitol  city 
for  the  complete  fulfillment  of  a  special  object,  the  accomplishment  of  which 
in  all  its  details  had  engaged  the  attention  of  that  body  for  several  years,  and 
now  had  attained  fruition.  The  occasion  was  that  of  the  formal  unveiling 
and  presentation  of  the  Hahnemann  monument,  and  its  presentation  to  the 
national  government  through  the  custodian  of  the  public  properties. 

This  event  alone  was  sufficient  to  give  the  District  of  Columbia  unusual 
prominence  in  the  annals  of  homoeopathy  in  America ;  an  importance  which 
overshadowed  all  else  besides  in  the  history  of  the  Hahnemannian  school  of 
medicine  in  the  region  in  question,  even  from  the  time  when  Dr.  John  Piper 
graduated  from  the  allopathic  University  of  Maryland,  fell  under  the  influence 
of  that  worthy  pioneer  of  Baltimore — Dr.  Felix  MclManus — and  was  by  him 
proselyted  to  the  teachings  of  Hahnemann.  On  this  subject,  however,  more 
will  be  said  in  a  later  part  of  this  chapter. 

The  exercises  at-  the  unveiling  and  presentation  were  presided  over  by 
Dr.  J.  B.  Gregg  Custis,  of  Washington,  who  called  the  assemblage  to  order 
and  then  said : 

"  We  are  gathered  together  upon  an  .occasion  which  in  some  of  its  aspects  is  solemn, 
in  some  glorious,  in  all  momentous.  Solemn,  because  \vc  have  assumed  the  responsibility 
of  setting  as  an  ideal  for  the  twentieth  century  a  character  to  whom  a  memorial  con- 
stituting the  greatest  testimonial  ever  received  by  any  in  the  w^alks  of  life  followed  by  our 
confrere,  Samuel  Hahnemann,  we  are  now  about  to  dedicate. 

"  Glorious,  because  it  represents  a  completed  work,  conceived  in  Washington,  nur- 
tured by  the  American  Institute  of  Homrjeopathy,  and  made  possible  by  the  liberality  of 
the  adherents  and  patrons  of  the  school  founded  by  him,  in  whose  honor  this  grand  work 
of  art  and  architecture  is  erected. 

"  jNlometitous,  because  it  places  in  bold  relief  the  fact  that  truth,  represented  simply 
by  a  thought,  can,  in  so  short  a  :ime,  in  a  country  whose  motto  is   freedom,   reach  its 


Presentation,  by  Dr.  Charles  E.  Walton. 


Ode    to    Hahnemann,    by    Dr.    W'm.    Tod    Heimuth. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  317 

highest  development.  This  monument  is  erected  in  the  hope  that  from  it,  as  a  center, 
truth  may  be  spread,  which  will  result  in  the  lessening  of  suffering,  and  the  increased 
usefulness  of  mankind." 

Following  Dr.  Custis's  address,  and  the  invocation  of  Rev.  B.  F.  Bel- 
linger, the  monument  was  formally  presented  to  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy  by  Dr.  James  H.  McClelland  of  Pittsburg,  chairman  of  the 
monument  committee,  Avho  said : 

"Eight  years  ago  at  a  meeting  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  this  city 
this  committee  was  charged  with  the  extra  professional  duty  of  erecting  a  monument 
which  should  be  a  suitable  memorial  to  the  man  whom  we  wish  to  honor  and  be  com- 
mensurate with  the  dignity  of  the  body  we  have  the  honor  to  represent.  Your  committee, 
after  many  failures,  finally  secured  a  design  which  it  feels  sure  will  meet  the  approval  of 
our  parent  body  and  all  those  who  love  the  beautiful  in  art  as  well  as  that  which  repre- 
sents a  great  and  noble  idea.  We  are  indebted  for  this  beautiful  sculpture  to  an  American 
— Mr.  Charles  Henry  Nieuhaus — and  for  the  exquisite  architectural  effects  to  Mr.  Julius 
F.  Harder  of  New  York. 

"  Mr.  President,  I  take  pleasure  in  transferring  to  your  keeping,  for  the  time,  this 
monument  erected  to  the  honor  and  glory  of  Samuel  Hahnemann." 

After  the  formal  presentation  of  the  monument  to  the  institute  an  orig- 
inal ode  to  Hahnemann  was  read  by  Dr.  William  Tod  Helmuth,  of  New  York 
city,  in  which  the  achievements  of  the  founder  of  the  homoeopathic  school 
were  treated  at  length.  In  presenting  the  monument  to  the  government 
President  Walton  made  a  splendid  address,  and  at  its  close  turned  to  Col. 
Bingham  and  said  the  words  quoted  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapter. 

The  monument  is  in  the  form  of  the  Greek  exhedra  and  is  elliptical  in 
plan.  Four  steps  in  front  lead  up  to  the  lesser  axis,  at  the  back  of  which 
rises  the  superstructure.  The  sitting  statue  of  Hahnemann,  heroic  in  size, 
and  mounted  on  a  granite  pedestal,  is  placed  in  the  central  portion,  which 
is  composed  of  four  columns  supporting  an  entablature,  above  which  is  an 
attica  with  the  inscription,  "  Hahnemann."  On  the  base  of  the  pedestal  is 
the  motto,  "  Similia  Similibus  Curantur."  The  statue  itself  is  the  culmina- 
tion of  the  plan  of  the  monument.  By  the  expression  of  the  features  and 
the  pose  of  the  figure  it  is  designed  to  convey  the  characteristics  of  the  philos- 
opher, philanthropist  and  teacher,  and  above  all  the  leader  of  a  great  reforma- 
tion in  the  medical  practice  of  his  period.     (D.  M.  C.  Journal,  Ap.  1900.) 

The  Washington  convention,  held  during  the  winter  of  1871,  was  a  mem- 
orable occasion  in  homoeopathic  medical  annals.  It  was  composed  of  dele- 
gates from  the  several  state  medical  societies,  and  its  object  was  to  protest 
against  the  open  hostility  to  the  school  on  the  part  of  a  certain  prominent  of- 
ficer of  the  pension  department,  and,  if  possible,  to  accomplish  his  removal 
from  office.  The  purpose  of  the  convention  was  entirely  successful,  the  ob- 
noxious official  was  removed,  and  the  integrity  of  the  homceopathic  profes- 
sion was  fully  vindicated. 

The  Washington  Homceopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  the 
city  of  Washington  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  May  20.  1870,  in  pursuance 
of  an  act  of  congress  passed  April  15  of  that  year.  Its  first  officers  were  Dr. 
Tullio  S.  Verdi,  president ;  Dr.  C.  W.  Sonnenschmidt,  secretary ;  Dr.  G.  W. 
Pope,  treasurer;  Drs.  J.  Brainerd,  J.  T.  O'Connor  and  S.  J.  Grout,  censors. 

The  Washington  Medical  and  Surgical  Qub  was  organized  in  1866  but 
was  not  incorporated. 

The  National  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Washington  is  the  outgrowth 
of  a  movement  which  had  its  beginning  in  1881  in  the  organization  of  a  hos- 


318 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


pital  association  of  which  Montgomery  Blair  was  the  first  president.  This 
association  organized  the  Homoeopathic  Free  Dispensary,  which  dates  its  his- 
tory from  November,  1882.  Two  years  later  steps  were  taken  toward  the 
erection  of  a  hospital  building,  and  after  various  attempts  to  maintain  such 
an  institution  without  an  appeal  to  congress  for  aid,  such  action  was  taken 
and  an  appropriation  of  $15,000  was  voted  in  its  behalf.  A  new  hospital  was 
built  and  opened  February  i,  1886.  The  officers  of  the  hospital  association 
comprise  a  president,  a  vice-president  from  each  state,  a  secretary,  treas- 
urer, board  of  trustees,  and  a  medical  staff  of  thirteen  physicians  who  are 
members  of  the  homoeopathic  medical  society  of  the  district.    A  nurse's  school 


Tullio    S.   Verdi,    M.    D. 


was  opened  in  1893.  In  1903  preparations  were  made  for  the  erection  of  an 
addition  to  the  hospital  establishment,  to  be  knowm  as  the  Gardner  Memorial, 
for  which  congress  appropriated  $50,000. 

REMINISCENCES. 

History  accords  to  Dr.  John  Piper  the  honor  of  having  first  carried 
the  gospel  of  Hahnemann  into  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  biographers 
say  that  the  pioneer  had  left  the  University  of  Maryland  school  of  med- 
icine in  1839,  bearing  the  diploma  of  that  honored  institution;  but 
before  he  entered  the  district  territory  he  came  under  the  influence  of  Dr. 
Felix  R.  McManus,  who  made  known  to  him  the  sounder  philosophy  of  Hahne- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


319 


mann  and  easily  persuaded  him  to  adopt  it  in  his  practice;  and  thus  con- 
verted and  equipped  with  the  necessaries  for  professional  work  he  took  up 
his  abode  in  the  city  of  Washington  in  1841.    He  died  there,  March  16,  1871. 

During  the  fifteen  years  next  following  the  advent  of  Dr.  Piper  the  in- 
crease in  number  of  practitioners  in  the  district  was  small,  being  only  five 
in  1857,  and  seventeen  in  1870.  In  later  years  the  growth  of  the  system 
was  more  rapid,  statistics  showing  thirty-seven  practitioners  of  the  school  in 
the  district  in  1883,  seventy-five  in  1899,  and  seventy-two  in   1904. 

Dr.  Jonas  Green,  who  had  been  a  practitioner  of  homceopathy  in  Phila- 
delphia, went  to  Washington  about  1845.  His  name  appears  in  the  register 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1846  as  located  at  Washington, 


Susan  Ann  Edson,  M.  D. 

...  ...    ^^• 

although  in   1844  he  is  mentioned  as  dwelling  in   Philadelphia.     Dr.   Green 
died  in  1868. 

Dr.  Gustavus  William  Pope  settled  in  Washington  in  1856.  He  was 
a  native  of  Niagara,  N.  Y.,  graduated  from  the  Albany  Medical  College  in 
1 85 1,  and  in  1852  was  assistant  physician  in  the  New  York  State  Lunatic 
Asylum  at  Oneida.  He  remained  there  two  years  and  during  that  time  his 
attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy.  Despite  all  the  opposition  of  his  fam- 
ily; in  which  were  two  distinguished  allopathic  physicians,  he  continued  to 
study  the  subject  and  test  it  carefully  for  three  years.  Finally  he  avowed  his 
belief  in  it,  resigned  from  the  Oneida  County  Medical  Society,  and  in   1856 


320 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


went  to  Washington,  where  his  ability  soon  secured  for  him  a  large  practice. 
Dr.  Pope  for  many  years  was  one  of  the  well  known  figures  in  Washington 
life.     His  death  occurred  in  July,  1902. 

Dr.  TuUio  Suzzara  Verdi,  a  native  of  Italy,  who  had  been  in  the  Sardinian 
army  in  1848,  and  in  consequence  had  been  proscribed  by  the  Austrians,  came 
to  New  York  in  1857,  landing  in  that  city  with  but  five  dollars  in  his  pocket. 
He  there  met  Garibaldi,  who  introduced  him  to  George  Washington  Greene, 
professor  of  modern  languages  in  Brown  University,  in  Providence.  He 
was  soon  able  to  support  himself  by  teaching  French  and  Italian,  and  he  soon 
gained  such  knowledge  of  English  that  he  was  able  to  lecture  in  that  language 
upon  the  Italian  revolution.     Two  years  later  Professor  Greene  resigned  his 


Jehu  Brainerd,  M.  D. 


office  and  it  was  tendered  to  Verdi.  He  then  sent  for  his  two  brothers,  and 
while  still  holding  his  professorship  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  the  study 
of  medicine  under  Dr.  A.  Howard  Okie,  a  homoeopathic  physician  then  lo- 
cated in  Providence.  In  1856  he  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  but  in  1857  removed 
to  Washington.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  only  board  of 
health  of  the  District  of  Columbia  created  by  congress,  and  was  its  secretary, 
and  also  was  chairman  of  the  sanitary  commission.  It  was  through  his  efforts 
that  a  charter  was  obtained  for  the  Washington  Homoeopathic  Society,  with 
all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  other  older  societies.     He  also  was  of  in- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  321 

fluence  in  securing  the  admission  of  homoeopathic  physicians  as  examining 
surgeons  for  pensions.  Dr.  Verdi  Hved  for  many  years  in  Washington,  but 
in  1895,  on  account  of  failing  health,  decided  to  retire  from  practice  and  re- 
turn to  Italy. 

In  1861,  at  the  beginning  of  the  \var,  Dr.  Susan  Ann  Edson  went  to 
Washington  to  devote  herself  to  her  country's  cause.  She  had  graduated 
from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1854,  and  afterward 
practiced  in  Cleveland  and  in  Ashtabula,  Ohio.  At  that  time  Columbia  Col- 
lege on  Meridian  Hill  was  used  as  a  hospital,  and  Dr.  Edson  acted  as  nurse 
there  from  August,  1861,  to  March,  1862.  From  there  she  went  to  the  Hygeia 
Hospital  at  Fortress  Monroe.  She  also  occasionally  acted  as  physician.  She 
was  engaged  in  hospital  work  during  the  entire  war,  after  which  she  located 
as  a   practicing  physician   in   Washington.      She   died  there    November     12, 

1897. 

Dr.  Caroline  Brown  Winslow  located  in  Washington  in  1864.  She  had 
graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1856,  and 
for  a  time  practiced  in  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  Jehu  Brainerd  went  to  Washington  and  opened  an  office  for  practice 
in  1 86 1.  He  was  for  many  years  a  teacher  and  processor  in  various  colleges, 
holding  chairs  of  natural  sciences  and  of  chemistry.  His  attention  was  drawn 
to  homoeopathy  in  1842,  while  living  in  Ohio.  He  was  connected  with  the 
Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine,  the  Agricultural  College  of 
Ohio,  and  the  Women's  Homoeopathic  College  of  Cleveland.  He  died  in 
Washington,  in  March,  1878. 

Dr.  Ciro  Suzzara  Verdi  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic 
College  in  1861,  and  then  located  in  Georgetown.     He  died  in  1887. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  District  of  Columbia  previous  to  1861. 
The  date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  orig- 
inally was  of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician 
practiced  medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1857  Appleton,  H.  D.  x"    Washington  1840  Piper,  John  R.  *     Washington 

1842  Brainerd,  Jehu     Washington  1S55  Pope,  Gustavus  W.  *     Washington- 

1854  Edson,  Susan  Ann     Washington  1857  Thorne,  J.  x    Washington 

1835  Green.  Jonas     Washington  1856  Verdi,  Tullio  S.     Washington 

1857  Herniss,    S-  x     Washington  1861  Verdi,  Ciro  S.     Georgetown 


322  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER   XXHI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MICHIGAN. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Beginnings  of  Homoeopathy  in  Michigan — Early  Practitioners  all  Converted  Allopaths — 
Record  of  Medical  Societies — Hall  and  Lamb,  the  Pioneers — Reminiscences  and  Lists 
of  Early  Practitioners. 

History  and  tradition  both  accord  to  homoeopathy  in  Michigan  a  lodg- 
ment sometime  between  the  years  1841  and  1843,  and  at  a  time  when  the  tide 
of  emigration  first  set  strongly  toward  the  great  northwest  territory  of  which 
the  "  Wolverine  "  state  then  formed  a  part.  Here  homoeopathy  was  intro- 
duced soon  after  the  region  in  question  evolved  from  a  territory  into  a  state 
of  the  federal  union.  In  the  years  following  the  growth  of  the  new  system 
was  more  rapid  than  in  many  other  states  farther  east  and  south,  and  the 
work  of  the  pioneers  soon  spread  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann  throughout  the 
entire  region. 

One  of  the  most  noticeable  facts  in  connection  with  early  homoeopathy 
in  Michigan  was  that  almost  every  one  of  its  pioneers  was  a  converted  allo- 
path, an  excellent  practitioner  and  a  man  of  influence,  well  equipped  in  every 
respect  to  battle  against  the  cholera  ravages  which  soon  came  upon  the  coun- 
trs',  and  also  to  wage  battle  in  the  war  of  words  and  argument  which  pre- 
ceded the  absolute  recognition  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  and  gave  to  it  a 
separate  department  in  the  state  university.  This  movement  began  in  1850 
and  was  carried  forward  with  varying  degrees  of  success  until  a  school  of 
homoeopathic  medical  instruction  was  founded  in  connection  with  that  insti- 
tution of  learning.  Drs.  Thayer  and  Ellis,  who  figured  conspicuously  as  edi- 
tors and  publishers  of  the  ''  ^Michigan  Journal  of  Homoeopathy,''  were  among 
the  most  zealous  advocates  of  the  endeavor,  and  from  the  time  their  journal 
was  founded  neither  spared  time  or  energy  in  striving  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  desired  end. 

As  early  as  1855  the  legislature  passed  an  act  which  authorized  at  least 
one  professorship  of  homoeopathy  in  the  university,  which  was  a  gain,  yet 
produced  comparatively  small  results,  but  was  the  foundation  of  the  splendid 
homoeopathic  department  which  in  later  years  has  accomplished  grand  re- 
sults in  the  world  of  homoeopathic  medicine.  This  subject,  however,  is  men- 
tioned at  greater  length  in  another  department  of  this  work.  In  1871  a  private 
homoeopathic  medical  college  was  started  in  Lansing,  and  was  known  as  the 
Central  Michigan  Homoeopathic  Medical  Institute,  a  name  more  formidable 
perhaps  than  the  college  itself,  as  its  life  continued  only  one  session.  In 
1872  the  Detroit  Homoeopathic  College  was  established,  and  lived  through 
about  four  years  of  vicissitudes ;  but  it  was  a  beginning  of  homoeopathic  col- 
lege life  in  that  city,  a  subject  which  is  fully  discussed  by  Dr.  MacLachlan 
in  another  volume  of  this  work. 

In  1847,  when  the  Michigan 'Institute  of  Homoeopathy  was  first  started, 
there  were  only  eight  practitioners  of  the  school  in  the  state,  and  the  system 


* 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


323 


then  had  an  abiding  place  in  the  towns  of  Adrian,  Detroit,  Pontiac,  Ann  Arbor, 
Dexter,  Birmingham  and  Lyons,  all  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state. 
Ten  years  later,  in  1858,  the  number  of  practitioners  had  increased  to  fifty- 
eight  and  the  system  then  had  been  introduced  in  thirty-three  towns.  In  1870 
there  were  two  hundred  and  nineteen  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state, 
and  the  methods  of  the  school  were  being  practiced  in  one  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five towns.  In  1896  there  were  four  hundred  and  sixty,  and  in  1904  five 
hundred  and  one  practitioners  in  Michigan,  of  whom  eighty  were  in  Detroit, 
thirty  in  Grand  Rapids,  nineteen  in  Ann  Arbor,  eleven  in  Battle  Creek,  with 
one  or  more  in  every  other  settled  town  in  the  state. 

From  1859  to  1864  and  from  1872  to  1876  homoeopathic  treatment  was 


W.   I  Ian  ford  While,  M.  D. 


practiced  m  the  Michigan  state  prison,  but  in  other  years  the  allopathic  school 
has  succeeded  in  maintaining  supremacy  in  that  penal  institution.  The  first 
homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  the  state  Avas  opened  in  Detroit  in  1850  by  Dr. 
John  Ellis,  who  was  succeeded  in  1859  by  Dr.  Edwin  A.  Lodge,  and  the  lat- 
ter in  turn  in  1875  by  his  son,  Albert  Lodge.  The  senior  Lodge  then  opened 
a  pharmacy  in  Orchard  Lake  and  about  the  same  time  in  Pontiac.  In  1856 
Drake  &  Foster  opened  a  pharmacy  in  Detroit,  and  Dr.  H.  C.  Driggs  started 
a  similar  business  there  in  1852,  and  Dr.  Benjamin  E.  Sickler  in  1873.  ^^ 
1858  Farnsworth  &  Spinney  opened  a  pharmacy  in  East  Saginaw,  the  same 
now  carried  on  by  Drs.  A.  &  W.  A.  Farnsworth.     Eberbach  &  Son  opened  a 


324  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

pharmacy  in  Ann  Arbor  in  1875.  and  the  Michifjan  liomceopathic  pharmacy  in 
Grand  Rapids  was  started  in  1880  by  J.  S.  Alortlock  &  Co. 

HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    MICHIGAN. 

Michigan  was  early  in  the  field  with  organization,  the  first  society  hav- 
ing been  formed  October  20,  1847,  by  the  eight  physicians  of  that  school 
then  in  the  state.  Their  pioneer  organization  took  the  name  of  Michigan 
Homoeopathic  Institute,  probably  in  allusion  to  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  of  which  it  was  an  offshoot  and  branch.  Its  first  officers  were 
Dr.  C.  A.  Lamb  of  Pontiac,  president;  Dr.  Thomas  Blanchard  of  Ann  Arbor, 
vice-president ;  Dr.  P.  M.  Wheaton  of  Detroit,  secretary ;  Dr.  John  Ellis  of 
Detroit,  treasurer.  This  society  passed  out  of  existence  in  1855,  ^"cl  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1866  by  another  society  of  the  same  name,  the  history  of  which 
dates  from  October  3  of  the  year  last  mentioned  to  May  16,  1871,  when  it 
was  merged  in  the  then  newly  organized  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of 
the  State  of  Michigan. 

Previous  to  the  organization  of  the  latter  society  the  homoeopathic  pro- 
fession in  the  state  had  become  divided  in  opinion  regarding  the  establish- 
ment and  maintenance  of  a  school  of  homoeopathic  medicine  in  connection 
with  the  university,  but  the  main  purpose  of  the  successor  organization,  its 
principal  mision  in  life  at  the  time,  was  the  accomplishm.ent  of  that  very  ob- 
ject, and  in  which  its  endeavors  were  rewarded  with  ultimate  success.  The 
new  society  was  founded  at  a  meeting  held  in  Jackson,  November  10,  1869, 
and  soon  afterward  was  incori:)orated ;  and  it  has  since  maintained  an  active, 
healthful  existence,  publishing  yearly  transactions.  It  was  re-incorporated 
February  18.  1900. 

Among  the  other  nrincipal  homoeopathic  society  organizations  which 
have  been  or  are  incidental  to  the  history  of  the  profession  in  the  state, 
each  worthy  of  greater  recognition  than  the  scope  of  the  present  chapter  per- 
mits, mention  may  be  made  of  the  Central  District  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  organized  in  Lansing  in  1866;  the  Central  Michigan  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  organized  in  East  Saginaw,  Julv  13,  1869;  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  organized  in  Detroit,  October  21,  1878;  the  De- 
troit Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  organized  April  12,  1876.  subsequently  a 
part  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  still  later  of  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  Association  of  Detroit ;  the  Grand  Rapids  Society,  organized 
in  1875;  the  College  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Grand  Rap- 
ids, organized  April  26,  1890;  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Society  of  Eaton 
and  Barry  Counties,  organized  in  1879;  the  Huron  District  Medical  Society, 
organized  in  1886;  the  Ingham,  Shiawassee,  Clinton  and  Eaton  Counties 
Homoeopathic  Society,  organized  June  18.  1868;  the  Jackson  County  Homoe- 
opathic ^ledical  Society,  organized  March,  1876;  the  Kent  County  and  Grand 
Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  which  dissolved  in  1879;  the  Northern 
Michigan  Homoeopathic  ]\Iedical  Association ;  the  Saginaw  Vallev  Homoe- 
opathic Association,  organized  in  1886;  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of 
Southwestern  Michisfan,  organized  in  December,  1886;  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  of  Southern  Michigan  and  Northern  Indiana ;  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  of  Tuscola  and  Adjacent  Counties;  Thayer  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  of  Southern  Michigan.  1876;  Wayne  County  Homoeopathic 
Institute.  1868;  Western  Michigan  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  1886;  Homoe- 
opathic Society  of  Western  }^Iichigan,  1903. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  325 

Grace  Hospital,  Detroit,  as  an  institution  of  homoeopathy,  is  closely  allied 
to  the  Detroit  Homoeopathic  College,  in  which  connection  its  full  history  is 
narrated. 

In  this  connection,  also,  it  is  proper  to  make  some  brief  mention  of  the 
hornceopathic  relation  to  the  Michigan  Asylum  for  Insane  Criminals,  in 
Ionia,  which  is  a  state  institution,  under  homoeopathic  care,  incorporated  in 
1883  and  opened  in  1885. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Sometime  between  1841  and  1843  Dr.  S.  S.  Hall,  who  had  for  many 
years  practiced  medicine  and  was  then  living  in  Detroit,  became  in- 
terested in  homoeopathy.  His  son  was  suffering  with  a  bronchial  trouble 
for  which  he  could  obtain  no  relief,  and  he  procured  homoeopathic  books  and 
medicines  and  devoted  hihiself  to  the  study  of  his  own  case.  Relying  on  his 
father  for  proper  diagnosis,  he  also  prescribed  for  other  patients,  and  it  is 
said  that  during  the  year  1843  the  father  and  son  treated  one  hundred  and 
fifty  difficult  chronic  cases  and  cured  one  hundred  of  them. 

Another  physician,  Dr.  C.  A.  Lamb,  living  in  Pontiac,  became  interested 
in  the  new  medical  practice  and  borrowed  books  and  medicines  from  Dr.  Hall 
and  began  to  practically  investigate  the  subject  of  homoeopathy. 

In  1843  Rev.  J.  D.  Perry,  who  had  been  restored  to  health  by  homoe- 
opathic medicines  while  living  in  the  east,  went  to  Michigan.  He  became 
acquainted  with  Dr.  Hall  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  inducing  him  to 
adopt  the  hom.oeopathic  practice.  Mr.  Perry  also  persuaded  Dr.  Thomas 
Blackwood  of  Plymouth.  Wayne  county,  to  test  the  truth  of  the  new  prac- 
tice, with  the  result  that  he  soon  became  an  avowed  follower  of  the  doctrines 
of  Hahnemann.  In  a  visit  to  a  patient  Dr.  Blackwood  met  Dr.  Lamb  and 
the  result  of  the  treatment  caused  the  latter  to  espouse  the  new  cause.  Mr. 
Perry  was  a  zealous  missionary  of  homoeopathy  and  made  many  converts. 
He  was  of  value  in  assisting  young  physicians,  and  was  held  in  great  esteem. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  a  skillful  prescriber. 

There  seems  to  be  some  doubt  as  to  the  first  practitioner  of  homoeopathy 
in  the  state.  Dr.  A.  Bagley,  a  pioneer,  gives  that  honor  to  Dr.  John  Mosher. 
Dr.  E.  M.  Hale  called  Dr.  Mosher  the  pioneer  in  central  and  southern  Michi- 
gan, Dr.  Francis  Woodrufif  accords  the  honor  to  Dr.  Hall.  It  is  certain  that 
Dr.  Mosher  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Somerset,  Hillsdale  county,  as 
early  as  1842.  He  lived  in  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  as  early  as  18 10.  He 
had  become  converted  through  a  young  lawyer  named  Peterson,  who  had 
occupied  a  part  of  Dr.  Mosher's  office  in  Union  Springs,  N.  Y.  This  was  in 
the  thirties.  Peterson  had  visited  New  York  where  he  became  interested  in 
the  new  medicine,  then  unknown  in  LInion  Springs,  and  on  his  return  told 
Dr.  Mosher  of  its  wonderful  results  and  something  of  its  methods  in  prac- 
tice. Soon  after  this  Dr.  Mosher  removed  to  Somerset,  Hillsdale  county, 
Michigan,  where  homoeopathy  never  had  been  heard  of,  and,  notwithstand- 
ing the  opposition  of  the  allopaths,  in  a  few  years  he  established  a  large  prac- 
tice. He  was  a  man  of  strong  will  and  great  mental  energy,  and  fought  the 
battle  for  homoeopathy  manfully  and  successfully.  In  1850  Dr.  Mosher  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the  state  and  he 
was  largely  instrumental  in  effecting  the  change  in  the  law  so  that  any  quali- 
fied person  could  practice  medicine  and  collect  fees. 

Dr.  L.  Sabine  located  near  Dr.  Mosher  in  the  town  of  Adams.  Hillsdale 
county,  in  1844,  and  practiced  in  that  vicinity  until  his  death  in  1855. 


326  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Dr.  Lewis  Dodge  settled  in  Adrian,  Lenawee  county,  in  1843,  remaining 
there  until  1850.  He  had  a  wide  practice,  often  riding  from  thirty  to  fifty 
miles,  and  he  gained  a  good  reputation. 

Dr.  John  Ellis  located  in  Grand  Rapids  in  1843.  -'^  short  time  before, 
while  he  was  in  practice  at  Chesterfield,  Mass.,  his  attention  was  called  to 
homoeopathy,  and  he  procured  books  and  medicines  and  devoted  himself  to 
its  study,  but  did  not  practice  it  until  he  had  settled  in  Michigan.  He  was 
a  noted  surgeon  and  performed  a  number  of  remarkable  operations,  one  of 
which  mention  was  made  in  Mott's  notes  on  "  Velpeau's  Surgery,"  and  was 
also  commented  on  in  the  allopathic  journals  of  that  day.  Dr.  Ellis  practiced 
in  Grand  Rapids  three  years  and  then  went  to  New  York  for  further  study. 
In  1846  he  returned  to  Michigan  and  located  in  Detroit,  forming  a  partner- 
ship with  Dr.  P.  M.  Wheaton,  who  had  succeeded  Dr.  Hall.  He  remained 
there  fifteen  years.  He  was  one  of  the  men  who  were  instrumental  in  secur- 
ing a  professorship  of  homoeopathy  in  the  University  of  ]\Iichigan. 

Dr.  Thomas  Blackwood  was  the  pioneer  homceopath  in  Ypsilanti  and 
Ann  Arbor,  settling  in  the  latter  town  in  1847.  While  living  in  Plymouth 
he  was  challenged  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Olds,  a  champion  of  allopathy,  to  a  public  dis- 
cussion of  the  merits  of  the  two  systems  of  medicine,  with  the  result  that 
Dr.  Olds  became  a  believer  in  homoeopathy.  In  1847  Dr.  Olds  removed  to 
Ann  Arbor  and  was  invited  by  his  allopathic  brethren  to  repeat  his  lectures 
against  homoeopathy,  w^hich  he  refused  to  do,  being  half-convinced  of  its 
truth. 

Dr.  Isaac  Xewton  Eldridge  was  converted  to  homoeopathy  in  New  York 
state  by  Dr.  A.  P.  Biegler  of  Rochester,  and  after  studying  under  Dr.  C.  M. 
Dake  of  Genesee,  for  three  years,  he  went  to  Michigan  in  1846  locating  in 
Ann  Arbor,  where  he  was  a  partner  a  short  time  with  Dr.  Blackwood.  Dr. 
Eldridge  cured  several  cases  that  Dr.  Olds  had  given  up,  and  this  completed 
the  latter's  conversion.  The  two  were  then  associated  for  a  short  time.  In 
1 85 1  Dr.  Eldridge  located  in  Flint,  being  the  pioneer  there. 

Dr.  H.  Knapp  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1849  ^^'^  located  in 
Adrian.  In  relating  his  early  professional  experience  he  once  wrote :  "  I 
pitched  my  tent  in  Brooklyn,  Jackson  county,  in  October,  1839,  where  for 
ten  years  I  practiced  medicine  under  the  old  school  banner.  During  my 
residence  in  Brooklyn  I  heard  of  Dr.  Adams  living  west  of  CHnton,  and  Dr. 
Mosher  of  Cambridge,  practicing  homoeopathy  occasionally,  but  the  first 
homoeopathic  physician  with  whom  I  came  in  contact  was  Dr.  Amos  Walker. 
We  were  allopathic  competitors  for  a  few  years  in  Brooklyn."  *  *  *  "  About 
this  time  it  became  my  duty  to  deliver  an  essay  before  the  Jackson  County  Med- 
ical Society,  of  which  I  was  president,  in  which  I  paid  particular  attention  to 
humbugs,  claiming  homoeopathy  to  be  the  chief  and  explaining  it  away  ac- 
cording to  my  philosophy.  I  have  preserved  that  essay  as  a  curiosity.  After 
Dr.  Walker  went  east  I  felt  it  a  duty  I  owed  to  the  friends  who  had  so  val- 
iantly stood  by  me  to  prove  to  them  that  what  I  had  claimed  was  true.  So 
I  sent  to  Drs.  Ellis  and  Thayer  of  Detroit,  then  the  principal  homoeopaths  of 
Michigan,  for  some  remedies,  and  a  book  of  instructions  for  using  them.  I 
was  determined  to  prove  experimentally  that  in  practice  homoeopathy  was  a 
humbug.  They  sent  me  '  Jahr's  Ten  Remedies  '  and  ten  of  the  principal 
medicines,  aconite,  arnica,  arsenisum,  belladonna,  bryonia,  etc.  After  trying 
these  remedies  for  nearly  a  year  I  was  convinced  that  there  was  something 
in  the  svstem.  sent  for  more  books  and  medicines  and  was  soundly  converted 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  327 

to  homoeopathy.  This  I  afterward  acknowledged  to  Dr.  Walker,  and  said 
that  in  opposing  him  I  became  converted.  Twenty  years  of  my  homoeopathic 
experience  were  in  Adrian,  in  which  place  T  located  in  October,  1849.  Dur- 
ing the  first  ten  years  of  my  practice  in  Adrian,  my  business  was  very  large 
and  my  practice  very  successful.  At  first  T  had  ten  old  school  competitors, 
but  after  some  four  years  only  five  remained,  as  I  had  taken  their  best  fam- 
ilies. When  I  first  went  to  Adrian  I  was  associated  with  Dr.  Lewis  Dodge, 
who  subsequently  removed  to  Cleveland,  being  appointed  professor  in  the 
homoeopathic  college  established  there  about  that  time." 

Dr.  Lamb,  after  his  conversion  by  Dr.  Hall,  went  to  Farmington,  Oak- 
land county,  where  he  delivered  lectures  on  homoeqpathy.  He  then  located 
in  Pontiac  and  remained  a  short  time,  returning  thence  to  Farmington.  Later 
on  Dr.  Lamb  removed  to  Clinton  county,  retired  from  practice  and  entered 
the  ministry.  He  continued  to  preach  until  his  death  in  1884,  when  he  was 
in  his  eighty-fifth  year.  He  was  greatly  respected  and  was  known  as  "  Father 
Lamb." 

Dr.  S.  B.  Thayer  located  in  Detroit  in  1847  ^^^  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  He  had  practiced  allopathy  in  Kalamazoo  until  1846,  when 
his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  by  Dr.  E.  A.  Atlee  of  Philadelphia. 
He  tested  the  system  at  the  bedside,  adopted  it,  removed  to  Detroit,  and  be- 
came partner  with  Dr.  Ellis.  Dr.  Thayer  was  of  great  assistance  in  gaining 
for  homoeopathy  recognition  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Dr.  John  Doy  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Michigan  homoeopathy.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  from  England  in  1846.  He  had  been  an  old  school 
practitioner,  and  soon  after  1846  located  in  Battle  Creek.  He  says  in  a  let- 
ter written  in  1867 :  "  I  practiced  as  a  regular,  as  the  dominant  school  is 
called,  for  twelve  years,  came  to  this  country  in  1846  and  have  practiced 
homoeopathy  more  or  less  ever  since,  the  less  part  was  while  making  Kansas 
a  free  state ;  I  was  not  allowed  by  the  invaders  to  practice  with  little  pills, 
but  distributed  large  blue  pills  from  and  with  a  '  Beecher's  Bible'  (a  rifle). 
While  in  Kansas  Dr.  Doy  was  persecuted,  arrested,  imprisoned,  and  rescued 
by  force. 

Dr.  P.  M.  Wheaton  located  in  Detroit  at  a  date  not  now  definitely  known, 
but  it  must  have  been  as  early  as  1845,  ^^  he  became  partner  with  Dr.  John 
Ellis  in  1846.  In  December,  1848,  he  was  practicing  in  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
In  a  letter  written  in  1847,  Dr.  Wheaton  said :  "Homoeopathy  is  progressing 
steadily  and  surely  throughout  Michigan.  We  have  now  more  than  a  dozen 
avowed  and  acknowledged  practitioners  of  homoeopathy  throughout  the  state, 
and  several  allopaths  are  investigating  its  truth.  The  result  of  the  investiga- 
tion I  anticipate  will  be  the  same  as  it  always  has  been  when  homoeopathy  has 
been  examined  and  tested  by  honest  men.     I  mean  its  unhesitating  adoption." 

Dr.  John  R.  Jewett  began  to  practice  homoeopathy  in  1846  in  Lyons,  Ionia 
county,  farther  west  than  his  fellow  practitioners.  In  1832  he  received  a  ter- 
ritorial license  and  had  practiced  the  old  school  system  at  Lyons.  In  1838 
his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy  by  the  address  of  Dr.  Hering,  pub- 
lished in  "  A  Concise  View  of  Homoeopatliy  "  in  1833  and  by  a  communica- 
tion from  Dr.  Gideon  Humphrey  of  Philadelphia ;  but  it  was  not  until  1846 
that  he  declared  his  belief.  In  1851  he  attended  lectures  and  received  a  de- 
gree from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine. 

Dr.  A.  Van  Dusen  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Birmingham,  Oakland 
county,  previous  to  1846.     Dr.  Charles  Jeffries  began    practice    in    Ingham 


328 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


county  before  1846,  and  Dr.  E.  W.  Cowles  located  in  Adrian  about  the  same 
time. 

Besides  the  regularly  educated  physicians  who  had  become  converts  to 
the  mild  system  of  medicine,  there  were  several  laymen  who  procured  Her- 
ing's  "  Domestic  Practice  "  and  some  homoeopathic  remedies  for  use  in  the 
then  sparsely  settled  towns  in  which  they  lived,  and  were  wont  to  prescribe 
for  their  neighbors.  Among  them  were  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kanosh  of  Washtenaw 
county.  Rev.  J.  N.  Reed,  H.  C.  Knight,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Perry,  of  whom  men- 
tion has  been  made. 

•Dr.  Charles  L.  ]\Ierriman  located  in  Jackson  about   1847.     In   1849  the 
following  letter  was  written  by  him  to  Drs.  Ellis  and  Thayer,  and  very  plainly 


Edwin  M.  Hale,  M.  D. 


shows  the  conditions  with  which  the  early  homoeopathic  practitioners  in 
Michigan  were  surrounded.  "  The  excitement  here  in  Jackson  in  favor  of 
homoeopathy  amounts  to  a  perfectly  wild  enthusiasm.  I  address  you  to  learn 
if  there  is  within  the  bounds  of  your  acquaintance  an  experienced,  scientific 
and  practical  homoeopathic  physician,  who  can  be  procured  to  come  to  my 
assistance.  I  am  willing  to  guarantee  a  business  that  will  be  entirely  satis- 
factory to  such  a  man.  You  can  scarcely  imagine  my  anxiety  on  account  of 
the  circumstances  under  which  I  am  placed.  I  have  on  hand  from  twenty 
to  thirty  patients  at  present,  and  I  am  rejecting  daily  about  the  same  number. 
Many  of  these  I  have  taken  from  the  hands  of  the  allopathic  physicians  after 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  329 

the  friends,  and  in  some  cases  the  physicians,  have  despaired  of  their  re- 
covery. Among  the  latter,  I  am  happy  to  state,  I  have  had  thus  far  the  most 
marked  success." 

Dr.  Charles  Mann  O'Delh  located  in  Paw  Paw  in  1850  and  began  the 
practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  had  come  from  Canada,  where  he  had  prac- 
ticed allopathy  and  the  eclectic  system.  He  had  been  cured  of  a  lingering 
sickness  by  Dr.  J.  I.  Lancaster,  a  homoeopathic  practitioner  of  Canada,  and 
this  decided  him  to  practice  homoeopathy.  He  graduated  from  the  Detroit 
Homoeopathic  College.  He  was  a  zealous  Methodist,  and  in  1863  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry,  after  which  he  combined  the  two  professions. 

Dr.  Charles  Hastings,  a  graduate  of  the  Columbian  Medical  College, 
adopted  homoeopathy  previous  to  1850  and  located  in  Detroit.  In  1852  the 
board  of  auditors  of  Wayne  county  appointed  him  county  physician.  The 
"  Detroit  Tribune  "  in  commenting  upon  this  said :  "  This,  we  believe,  is  al- 
most the  only  instance  of  the  appointment  of  a  homoeopathic  physician  to  such 
a  post." 

Dr.  Hastings,  writing  to  Drs.  Pulte  and  Gatchell  in  1852  regarding  the 
introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  the  University  of  Michigan,  said :  "  The 
assertion  that  homoeopathy  is  going  down  in  the  west  is  false,  and  in  Michi- 
gan it  stands  higher  and  promises  sooner  to  redeem  the  people  from  the  er- 
rors and  sufferings  of  allopathy  than  ever  before.  In  no  state  has  homoe- 
opathy succeeded  better  than  in  Michigan,  and  the  future  promises  quite  as 
much  as  the  past  has  realized.  Seven  years  since,  there  was  scarcely  a  physi- 
cian in  our  state  practicing  the  new  system,  and  now  there  are  not  less 
than  forty,  and  perhaps  as  many  more  who  are  investigating  it,  with  adher- 
ents numbering  nearly  one-third  of  the  reading  and  intelligent  citizens  of  the 
state." 

Dr.  O.  D.  Goodrich  located  in  Allegan,  Allegan  county,  in  the  western 
part  of  the  state  in  1855.  He  had  practiced  in  Allegan  as  early  as  1836,  in 
1845  had  gone  to  Connecticut,  and  there  had  become  satisfied  of  the  truth  of 
homceopathv.  He  was  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  Allegan  county. 

Dr.  Srnith  Rogers,  who  had  attended  the  Western  College  of  Homoe- 
opathic Medicine  during  the  session  of  1851-52,  located  in  Union  City,  Branch 
county,  in  1852,  being  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  there.  He  re- 
mained five  vears  and"  then  went  to  Battle  Creek.  In  1856  a  Dr.  Rodgers 
was  practicing  there,  and  in  1867  there  were  five  homoeopathic  practitioners 
in  Union  Citv. 

Dr.  Francis  Woodruff  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoe- 
opathic Medicine,  Cleveland,  in  1852,  and  located  in  Ann  Arbor,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1875  and  then  went  to  Detroit.  Dr.  Woodruff  was  one  of  the 
earnest  workers  in  establishing  homoeopathy  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Dr.  Elijah  H.  Drake,  having  studied  medicine  in  New  York  state,  and 
having  received  a  practitioner's"  license  from  the  Steuben  County  Medical 
Societv,  settled  in  Rattle  Creek  in  1845,  and  began  the  practice  of  allopathy. 
The  principles  of  homoeopathy  were  brought  to  his  attention  by  Drs.  Ellis 
and  Thayer,  and  in  i8=;4,  after  attending  lectures  and  graduating  from  the 
Rush  Medical  College,  he  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Detroit.  He 
lived  twentv  years  in  Detroit  and  became  a  leader  in  his  school  of  medicine. 
He  was  killed  in  a  railroad  accident  in  Ypsilanti,  November  16,  1874. 

Dr.  William  Hanford  White  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Cold- 


330  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

water,  Branch  county,  in  1854.  In  1866  he  removed  to  New  York  city,  enter- 
ing into  a  partnership  with  Dr.  E.  E.  Marcy. 

Dr.  David  C.  Powers  located  in  Coldwater  in  1855  and  became  partner 
with  Dr.  White.  He  had  graduated  in  1848  from  the  Berkshire  Medical  Col- 
lege, Pittsfield,  Mass.  In  1849  he  went  to  California  but  returned  the  next 
•year,  married  and  located  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  where  he  became  converted  to 
homoeopathy.     In  the  autumn  of  1855  he  settled  in  Coldwater. 

Dr.  Frederick  Finster  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoe- 
opathic Medicine  in  1855,  and  at  once  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  E. 
H.  Drake  in  Detroit.  He  remained  there  two  years  and  in  1857  went  to  Port 
Huron,  where  he  died  in  1885. 

Dr.  Edwin  M.  Hale  was  an  early  practitioner  in  Michigan  and  a  physi- 
cian of  ability.  While  a  young  man  he  had  been  cured  of  pneumonia  by 
homceopathic  treatment  and  this  resolved  him  to  study  homoeopathy,  which 
he  did  against  the  advice  of  his  father.  He  attended  the  Western  College 
of  Homceopathic  Medicine  at  its  first  session,  and  in  1850  located  in  Jones- 
ville,  Hillsdale  county,  being  the  pioneer  in  that  section.  He  remained  in 
that  town  until  1864. 

Dr.  E.  D.  Burr  located  at  Mason,  Eaton  county,  previous  to  1846,  and 
afterward  settled  in  Lansing.  In  1857  he  was  practicing  in  Eaton  Rapids. 
He  formerly  had  been  a  practitioner  of  allopathy. 

Dr.  Eugene  Bitely  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic 
Medicine  in  1853.  and  located  at  Paw  Paw,  where  he  practiced  until  his 
death,  March  31,  1873. 

Dr.  Erastus  R.  Ellis,  nephew  of  Dr.  John  Ellis,  studied  with  his  uncle, 
graduated  from  the  Western  Homoeopathic  College  in  1857,  ^^^  ^t  once  lo- 
cated in  Grand  Rapids,  where  he  remained  until  1867,  and  then  went  to  De- 
troit. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Dr.  John  Ellis  was  born  in  Ashfield,  Mass.,  November  26,  181 5.  He 
studied  medicine  at  Berkshire  Medical  College,  Pittsfield,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1 84 1.  He  first  located  in  Chesterfield,  remained  there  about  a 
year,  and  then  went  to  Grand  Rapids.  He  became  interested  in  homoe- 
opathy while  in  Chesterfield.  In  1846  he  located  in  Detroit  where  he  practiced 
for  fifteen  years,  during  the  last  six  of  which  he  devoted  a  part  of  his  time 
to  lecturing  on  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  at  the  Western  Homoeopathic 
College  of  Cleveland.  In  1861  he  went  to  New  York,  opened  an  office,  and 
accepted  the  chair  of  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in  the  then  recently 
opened  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College.  About  1868  he  gave  up 
practice  and  entered  manufacturing  pursuits.  He  was  an  earnest  advocate 
of  temperance  and  other  reforms,  and  wrote  a  number  of  books  on  hygienic 
subjects.    He  died  December  3,  1896. 

Dr.  Lewis  Dodge  was  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  June  27.  181 5.'  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Woodstock  Academy.  Hamilton  College,  Geneva  Medical  College, 
and  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law  School.  From  1840  to  1843  ^^  was  pro- 
fessor in  Granville  College,  Licking  county.  Ohio,  being  principal  of  the  pre- 
paratory department.  Leaving  that  position,  he  opened  a  private  training 
school  for  boys  and  young  men  for  college  or  business.  While  thus  occupied 
he  met  Dr.  John  Ellis  in  Detroit.  In  1844-45  he  attended  lectures  at  Geneva 
College  and  then  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Adrian.     He  at- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  331 

tended  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1849-50  and 
graduated  from  there.  Two  years  later  he  received  an  honorary  degree  from 
the  same  institution.  In  1850  he  becamiC  a  professor  in  the  Western  College 
of  Homoeopathic  Medicine.  About  i860  he  removed  to  Chicago.  He  died 
in  June,  1890. 

Dr.  S.  B.  Thayer  was  born  in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  February  12,  181 5. 
He  was  educated  in  Medicine  at  Geneva,  and  graduated  from  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio,  in  1842.  He  practiced  in 
Kalamazoo  county  until  1846,  when  his  attention  was  called  to  the  homoe- 
opathic practice  by  Dr.  E.  A.  Atlee  of  Philadelphia.  He  adopted  the  system 
and  removed  to  Detroit,  entering  into  partnership  with  Dr.  John  Ellis.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  2d  Missouri  cavalry  (Merrill's  Horse) 
and  afterward  became  brigade  surgeon  and  medical  director  of  a  military 
district.  He  left  the  army  in  1863  and  settled  in  Battle  Creek.  He  was  a 
persistent  anti-slavery  man.     He  died  September  16,  1874. 

Dr.  John  Mosher  was  born  in  Washington  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1783.  In 
1809  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Washington  County  Medical  Society. 
In  1810  he  went  to  Cayuga  county,  where  as  a  physician,  merchant,  and 
faithful  public  officer,  he  was  greatly  esteemed.  In  1842  he  removed  to  Hills- 
dale county.     His  death  occurred  November  5,  1856. 

Dr.  John  R.  Jewett  was  born  in  Saybrook,  Middlesex  county.  Conn., 
March  5,  1809.  In  1829  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  Ann  Arbor 
with  his  cousin.  Dr.  David  Lord.  In  the  winter  of  1831-32  he  attended  lectures 
in  Cincinnati,  and  the  next  year  received  a  license  to  practice  from  the  Terri- 
torial Medical  Society.  In  1838  his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathy,  and 
in  1846  he  adopted  that  system.  He  received  the  degree  from  the  Western 
College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1853. 

Dr.  Isaac  Newton  Eldridge  was  born  in  Livingston  county,  N.  Y.,  Aug- 
ust 5,  1819.  He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  C.  M.  Dake  of  Genesee,  N.  Y. 
He  located  in  Ann  Arbor  in  1846,  and  in  1851  went  to  Flint,  where  he  died, 
January  18,  1893. 

Dr.  Thomas  Fuller  Pomeroy  was  born  in  Cooperstown.  Otsego  county, 
N.  Y.,  May  11,  1816.  He  was  educated  at  Hamilton  and  Union  Colleges, 
graduating  from  the  latter  in  1836.  After  reading  law  one  year,  he  went  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  fourteen  years  later 
took  up  the  study  of  medicine,  having  in  the  meantime  become  a  convert  to 
homoeopathy.  He  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic 
Medicine  in  1853,  and  located  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  in  partnership 
with  Dr.  Lucien  B.  Wells,  an  old  friend  of  his  father,  until  1859.  when  he  re- 
moved to  Detroit.  In  1891,  his  health  failing,  he  sought  relief  in  Philadelphia, 
and  being  restored,  he  went  to  Providence,  where  he  resided  until  his  death, 
April  2,  1892,  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years. 

Dr.  Eugene  Bitely  was  born  in  Moreau,  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  April 
17,  1824.  He  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cine in  1853,  and  acted  as  demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  his  alma  mater  during 
the  winters  of  1854  and  1855,  being  at  the  time  located  in  Paw  Paw.  He 
died  March  31,  1873. 

Dr.  Edwin  M.  Hale  was  born  in  Newport,  N.  H.,  February  2,  1829,  his 
father,  Dr.  S.  Hale,  also  being  a  practitioner  of  medicine.  The  elder  Hale 
removed  from  New  Hampshire  to  Ohio  when  the  son  was  seven  years  of  age, 
locating  in  Fredonia,  near  Newark.     At  the  age    of    eighteen    young    Hale 


332 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


learned  the  trade  of  printing  and  became  associate  editor  of  a  newspaper  in 
Newark.  While  there  he  was  attacked  with  pneumonia  and  was  attended  by 
Dr.  A.  O.  Blair,  then  the  only  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  place.  He  was 
cured  so  promptly  that  he  became  a  believer  in  homoeopathy,  and  a.^ainst  the 
wishes  of  his  father  began  the  study  of  the  new  system  under  Dr.  Blair.  He 
attended  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1850,  and  then 
located  at  Jonesville,  Hillsdale  county.  He  remained  there  twelve  years  and 
in  1864  located  in  Chicago,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His 
death  occurred  January  15,  1899.  Dr.  Hale  was  best  known  by  his  voluminous 
writings  and  publications  on  homoeopathic  materia  medica.  He  also  was  the 
author  of  some  works  upon  the  diseases  of  women.  At  one  time  he  held  the 
chair  of  materia  medica  in  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago. 


Charles  J.  Hempel,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Frederick  Finster  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  April  3,  183 1.  He 
came  to  this  country  when  six  years  of  age,  and  in  1850  became  a  student  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  John  Ellis  and  Dr.  S.^B.  Thayer  of  Detroit.  He  attended 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1853,  ^"d  graduated  from  the  Western  College 
of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  In  1855.  He  became  partner  with  Dr.  E.-  H. 
Drake,  and  two  years  later  removed  to  Port  Huron. 

Dr.  Alfred  Isaac  Sawyer  was  born  m  Lyme  township,  Ohio,  October  31, 
1828.  He  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine 
in  1854,  and  entered  into  partnership  with  his  former  preceptor,  Dr.  D.  H. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


333 


Beckwith  of  ]\ [arietta.  He  also  practiced  in  Zanesville.  In  1856  he  passed 
some  time  in  New  York  in  study.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  settled  at  Mon- 
roe, where  he  remained  until  his  death,  May  7,   1891. 

Dr.  Charles  Julius  Hempel  located  in  Grand  Rapids  in  1859,  making 
that  place  his  permanent  home  until  his  death,  September  24,  1879. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Michigan  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1857  Bagley,  A.  x    Marshall  1846 

1857  Bagg,  Dr.  x    Corunna  1846 

1857  Ball,  Dr.  x    Grand  Lodge  1850 

1848  Baldwin,  S.  C.  x    Jackson's  Mills  1857 

1853  Bitely,  Eugene  Paw  Paw  1850 
1845  Bissell,  A.  F.  Grand  Rapids  1849 
1857  Botsford,  A.  H.  x     Grand  Rapids  1846 

1845  Blackwood,  Thomas  *     Plymouth  1857 

1846  Burr,  E.  D.  *  Mason  1846 
1857  Brown,  Dr.  x  Farmington  1848 
1857  Brown,  Dr.  x  Pinckney  1857 
1857  Carpenter,  R.  x  Ann  Arbor  1842 
1857  Cronell,  Dr.  x  Kalamazoo  1857 
1857  Cranmer,  Dr.  x  Kalamazoo  1848 
1857  Clark,  Dr.  x     Niles  1850 

1847  Cowles,  E.  W.  X  Ann  Arbor  1857 
1857  Day,  S.  B.  x    Detroit  1851 

1845  Dodge,  Lewis     Adrian  1843 

1846  Doy,  John  *    Battle  Creek  1857 

1854  Driggs,  H.  C.  *     Detroit  1853 

1853  Drake,  Elijah  H.  *    Detroit  

1846  Ellis,  John  *    Grand  Rapids  1857 

1857  Ellis,  Erastus  R.     Grand  Rapids  1864 

1846  Eldridge,  Isaac  N.     Flint  1852 

1859  Farnsworth,  A.  M.     East  Saginaw  1857 

1855  Finster,  Frederick  Detroit  1854 
1857  Fish,  Dr.  x  Otisco  1844 
....  Fulton,  S.  J.  Tecumseh  1857 
1857  Godfrey,  E.  x  Quincy  1857 
1855  Goodrich,  O.  D.  *  Allegan  1857 
1857  Gray,  A.  x  Dexter  1857 
1841  Hall,  S.  S.  *  Detroit  1857 
1850  Hale,  Edwin  M.  Jonesville  1847 
ICJ50  Hastmgs,  Charles  *  Detroit  1850 
1857  Hawley,  Dr.  x  Lansing  1845 
1845  Hempel,  Charles  J.  Grand  Rapids  1847 
1857  Hemingway.  Dr.  x  Flint  1857 
1850  Hewitt,  J.  I.  Detroit  1845 
1857  Hopkins,  T.  H.  x  Pomfret  1854 
1857  Huntington,  Dr.  x    Howell  1852 


Jewett,  John  R.  *    Lyons 
Jeffries,  Charles  x     Dexter 
Kanosh,  Rev.    Washtenaw  county 
King,  Dr.  x     Detroit 
Knight,  H.  C.    (Hon.)     layman 
Knapp,  H.  *     Adrian 
Lamb,  C.  A.  *     Pontiac 
Lander,   Dr.  x     Monroe 
Meacham,  W.   P.  x     Pontiac 
Merriman,  Charles    Jackson 
Miller,  W.  x     White  Pigeon 
Mosher,  John  *     Somerset 
Mott,  P.  W.  X    Hillsdale 
Olds,  E.  F.  *     Salem 
O'Dell,  Charles  M.  *     Paw  Paw 
Pattison,  Wm.  x     Ypsilanti 
Powers,  David  C.  *     Cold  Water 
Perry,  J.  D.  (Rev.)     Detroit 
Pierce,  Dr.  x     Ypsilanti 
Pomeroy,  Thomas  F.     Detroit 
Reed,  J.  N.   (Rev.) 
Reynolds,  I.  C.  x    Jackson 
Rice,  M.  B.  *     Lansing 
Rogers,  Smith     Union  City 
Rudolph,  S.  B.  X     Detroit 
Sawyer,  Alfred  I.     Monroe 
Sabine,  L.     Adams 
Sill,  J.  X     Kalamazoo 
Shepherd,  Dr.  x    Grand  Rapids 
Smith,   Dr.  x     Monroe 
Sullings,  H.  X     Battle  Creek 
Sangen,  Dr.  x    Detroit 
Thayer,  S.  B.  *     Battle  Creek 
Turrill,  G.  F.     Detroit 
Van  Dusen,  A.     Birmingham 
Walker,  Amos  *     Pontiac 
Wheeler,  Dr.  x     Pontiac 
Wheaton,  P.  M.  *     Detroit 
White,  William  B.     Cold  Water 
Woodruff,  Francis    Ann  Arbor 


334  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  XXIV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    GEORGIA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

This    State  not   Highly   Productive  of   Homoeopathic     History — Gilbert   and    Schley,   the 
Pioneers — Reminiscences  of  Other  Early  Practitioners. 

While  homceopathy  was  known  in  Georgia  as  early  as  1842,  the  condi- 
tions m  the  state  were  of  such  character  that  the  few  practitioners  there  were 
inclined  to  limit  the  field  of  their  operations  to  the  commercial  centers.  Pre- 
vious to  the  war  of  1861-1865  the  slave  people  furnished  at  least  half  of  the 
physician's  patronage,  and  in  consequence  of  this  many  medical  men  were 
stationed  on  the  plantations,  where  they  supported  themselves  in  comfort,  but 
after  the  war  the  country  was  in  an  impoverished  condition,  while  the  ex- 
penses of  living  were  much  increased,  hence  the  more  promising  fields  of 
the  western  country  drew  away  many  homoeopathic  physicians  whose  ambi- 
tion in  life  was  to  accomplish  something. 

The  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Greorgia  was  Dr.  James  Banks  Gilbert, 
who  settled  in  Savannah  in  1842.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University 
Medical  College  of  New  York,  and  a  former  student  of  Dr.  John  F.  Gray  of 
that  city.  His  remarkable  success  in  the  state  was  due  wholly  to  his  splendid 
capacity  and  attainments,  and  he  succeeded  in  building  up  for  himself  a  large 
practice,  and  at  the  same  time  gave  the  homoeopathic  school  an  excellent  stand- 
ing in  the  south.  On  his  arrival  in  Savannah  he  presented  his  diploma  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Medical  Society,  and  after  he  was  fairly 
established  his  success  attracted  the  attention  of  a  fellow  member.  Dr.  James 
M.  Schley,  who  soon  afterward  went  to  New  York  and  placed  himself  under 
Gray's  medical  instruction.  On  his  return  he  also  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy, but  before  long  both  these  worthies  were  arraigned  for  trial  before 
the  medical  society  on  charge  of  promulgating  the  heresies  of  Hahnemann's 
doctrine^  and  they  were  expelled,  but  they  were  not  crushed  nor  subdued, 
and  the  people  employed  them  whenever  they  had  need  of  medical  attention. 
Dr.  Gilbert  died  in  1853,  ^^d  Dr.  Schley  in  1874. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Banks  settled  at  an  early  date  in  Savannah,  becoming  part- 
ner with  Dr.  Gilbert.  In  1850  Dr.  Francis,  Hodgson  Orme  entered  the  office 
of  Dr.  Gilbert  as  a  student,  and  completed  his  studies  in  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  New  York.  He  graduated  from  that  institution  in 
1854,  returned  to  Savannah  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  Banks. 
Almost  his  first  professional  experience  was  during  the  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever  that  so  terribly  decimated  the  south  in  1855,  and  during  which  one 
thousand  people  died  of  that  disease.  During  the  height  of  the  epidemic,  of 
five  homoeopathic  physicians  then  resident  in  Savannah,  Dr.  Orme  alone  was 
able  to  practice,  the  others  having  sickened  and  left  the  city.  He  escaped  the 
fever  until  late  in  the  season,  when  a  severe  attack  compelled  him  to  leave  his 
post  for  a  time.  His  great  success  with  homoeopathic  remedies  caused  the  sys- 
tem to  become  very  popular.  The  partnership  with  Dr.  Banks  continued  for  four 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  335 

years,  when  another  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  visited  the  region,  and  Dr. 
Orme  for  the  second  time  contracted  the  disease.  He  went  to  Atlanta,  in  which 
city  he  afterward  made  his  home.  In  1878  he  was  a  member  of  the  Homoe- 
opathic Yellow  Fever  Commission.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  sessions 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy. 

Dr.  Louis  Knorr  also  was  an  early  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  Savan- 
nah. He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Munich  in  1848,  and  became 
a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1850. 

Dr.  Louis  Alexander  Falligant  located  in  Savannah  in  1858,  associating 
himself  with  Dr.  Schley.  He  then  had  just  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.     At  the  commencement  of  the  war  he  en- 


I-'.   H.   Ornic.   .M.   \). 

tered  the  confederate  army,  serving  as  captain  and  aide-de-camp,  and  from 
1862  to  1864  as  health  officer  at  Savannah. 

Dr.  Edward  Worthington  Starr  settled  as  an  allopathic  physician  in  Co- 
lumbus in  1836,  but  after  a  time  he  became  convinced  that  homoeopathy  was 
the  true  system  of  healing  and  adopted  It  in  his  practice.  In  i860  he  attended 
lectures  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  returned  to  Columbus,  where  he 
practiced  until  his  death  in   1862. 

Dr.  William  Elliott  Dunwody  practiced  allopathy  in  Marietta  from  1845 
to  1856,  when  he  adopted  the  homoeopathic  system. 

Dr.  Samuel  Pierre  Hunt  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in  1858,  and 
after  serving  through  the  war  in  the  confederate  army,  located  with  his  fam- 
ily in  Augusta. 

Dr.  William  Earned  Cleveland  located  in  Atlanta  in  1858,  after  gradual- 


336 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


ing  from  the  Western  Homoeopathic  College  of  Cleveland.  The  cure  of  his 
sister  by  Dr.  Bayard  of  New  York  first  turned  his  attention  to  homoeopathy. 
He  built  up  a  large  practice  in  Atlanta,  where  he  died  May  20,  1876. 


*# 


\Vm.  L.  Cleveland,  M.  D. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Georgia  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1850  Banks,  W.  H.  x    Savannah  1857 

1856  Clcckley,  H.  M.     Columbus  1857 

1856  Cleckley,   Marsden  A.     Columbus  1850 

1859  Cleveland,  William  L.     Atlanta  1857 

1856  Dunwody,  William  E.  *  Marietta  1854 
1858  Falligant,   Louis  A.     Savannah  1857 

1857  Gebhardt,  Dr.  x  Augusta  1844 
1857  Goode,  S.  W.  X  Lumpkins  1859 
1857  Geiger,  C.  A.  x  Roswell  1857 
1842  Gilbert,  James  B.  ♦    Savannah  1857 


Home,   W.   x     Savannah 
Hunt,  Samuel  Pierre  *     Augusta 
Knorr,  Louis     Savannah 
Kohlhaus,  Dr.  x     Savannah 
Orme,  Francis  H.    Atlanta 
Roosevelt,  C.  J.  x    Macon 
Schley,  James  M.  *     Savannah 
Starr,  Edward  W.  ♦    Columbus 
Thayer,  H.  R.  x    Augusta 
Van  Voorhies,  H.  x    Augusta 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  337 


CHAPTER   XX\' 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    WISCONSIN. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  Pioneers  of  Homcieopathy  in  Wisconsin — The  Conditions  there  Described  by  Dr. 
Chittenden — Wisconsin  State  Homceopathic  Medical  Society — Recollections  of  the 
Pioneers  and  their  Early  Experiences — List  of  Old  Practitioners. 

Homoeopathy  preceded  statehood  in  the  region  now  called  Wisconsin, 
and  dates  its  history  in  the  territory  from  1846,  when  Dr.  Henry  Hull  Cator,^ 
a  former  practitioner  in  Syracuse,  New  York,  removed  from  that  city  to  Mil- 
waukee on  account  of  the  health  of  his  wife.  Tradition  says,  however,  that 
homoeopathic  medicines  were  first  used  in  the  state  by  the  wife  of  an  Episco- 
pal clergyman,  and  that  Green  Bay  in  Brown  county  was  the  scene  of  her 
ministrations. 

During  the  ten  years  following  Dr.  Cator's  coming  to  Milwaukee,  the 
development  and  outspreading  of  the  system  were  comparatively  rapid,  and 
records  show  that  in  1857  thirty-two  physicians  of  the  school  were  in  prac- 
tice in  the  state.  In  1870  the  number  had  increased  to  more  than  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  and  in  1880  to  almost  two  hundred.  In  1904  there  were  two 
hundred  and  thirty-four  homceopathic  physicians  in  the  state.  The  conditions 
which  surrounded  the  early  practice  in  this  state  are  interestingly  described 
in  an  article  written  in  1851  by  Dr.  Chittenden,  and  from  which  a  few  ex- 
tracts are  here  given : 

"  In  this  state,  as  through  the  great  west,  the  mighty  ball  of  homoe- 
opathic truth  is  fast  rolling  on.  It  is  always  waxing  and  knows  no  waning. 
The  old  school  has  taken  the  alarm  and  sounded  it  throughout  the  country. 
Organized  efforts  are  made  in  almost  every  county  (when  a  homoeopathist 
enters)  to  oppose  its  progress,  and  what  is  very  remarkable,  the  object  of 
these  societies  is  always  to  promote  medical  science.  They  have  worked  hard 
in  this  county,  bringing  everything  possible  to  bear,  from  the  foolish  story 
of  the  child's  eating  a  whole  phial  of  the  little  sugar  pills  without  hurting 
it,  up  to  the  great  extermination  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Latta;  a  large  number  of 
which  were  gratuitously  circulated  in  the  town  for  the  protection  of  the  dear 
people  against  quackery.  The  first  has  been  much  more  effectual  than  the 
last,  but  we  survive  both  to  the  tune  of  a  large  increase  in  our  practice." 

From  this  it  is  seen  that  misrepresentation  and  abuse  prevailed  in  Wis- 
consin as  in  other  states,  and  that  to  be  a  homoeopathic  practitioner  there  in 
early  days  meant  hardships  and  vicissitudes.  In  1848  the  homoeopathic  prac- 
titioners formed  an  association  called  the  Western  Institute  of  Homoeopathy, 
for  the  main  purpose  of  proving  drugs.  About  the  same  time  the  allopathic 
society  was  reorganized,  and  soon  afterward  renewed  its  attacks  on  the  new 
school  practice  with  such  vigor  that  the  "  Homoeopathic  Medical  Reporter," 
a  journal  of  the  new  school  published  in  Milwaukee,  gave  vent  to  its  feelings 
in  an  article  from  which  a  few  excerpts  are  made : 

"  It  was  perfectly  understood  that  the  members  were  not  only  to  avoid 


338  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

recognizing  ns  as  physicians,  but  that  they  were  not  to  know  us  as  human 
beings  in  any  of  the  relations  of  Hfe.  Scarcely  an  individual  member  acceded 
to  us  any  of  the  common  civilities  of  life.  When  we  accidentally  met  at  the 
house  of  a  common  friend,  and  had,  as  a  matter  of  common  civility,  an  in- 
troduction, we  were  treated  with  such  marked  incivility  that  the  family 
felt  that  they,  as  well  as  we.  were  insulted  in  their  own  house.  One  of  the 
members  of  the  association  having  been  seen  to  recognize  us  in  the  street, 
received  a  severe  reprimand  for  it.  He  excused  himself  by  saying  that  he  did 
not  recognize  us  as  physicians,  but  as  men.  He  thought  us  clever  fellows 
and  liked  to  talk  with  us.  The  reply  was,  it  is  no  matter,  you  have  no  busi- 
ness to  know  them  at  all." 

WISCONSIN   STATE   HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL   SOCIETY. 

In  1848,  four  years  after  the  organization  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  the  Wisconsin  members  of  that  body  aroused  themselves  in  the 
work  of  creating  a  branch  of  the  parent  society  in  their  own  state,  and  to 
that  end  brought  into  existence  what  was  called  the  Wisconsin  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  which  was  organized  in  Milwaukee,  and  was  continued  a  few 
years  with  indifferent  success.  Ten  years  later,  June  16,  1858,  the  homoe- 
opathic profession  in  the  state  held  a  meeting  in  Milwaukee  and  organized 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  a  larger 
and  stronger  body  than  its  predecessor,  though  the  period  of  its  existence  was 
comparatively  brief. 

The  third  homoeopathic  state  society  was  that  which  still  exists,  and 
which  dates  its  history  from  October  18,  1865.  The  first  officers  were  Dr.  T. 
J.  Patchin  of  Fond  du  Lac,  president ;  Dr.  E.  L.  Ober  of  La  Crosse,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Dr.  H.  B.  Dale  of  Oshkosh.  secretary ;  Dr.  P.  Moore  of  Nenah,  treas- 
urer :  Drs.  Pierce  of  Green  Bay,  Page  of  Appleton  and  Swetting  of  Berlin, 
censors.  The  society  was  incorporated  in  1868.  Its  annual  meetings  are 
held  in  dift"erent  cities,  with  occasional  semi-annual  meetings  for  special  busi- 
ness purposes;  membership  in  1904,  about  115. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Cator,  who  located  in  Milwaukee  in  1846,  practiced  in  that  city 
in  partnership  with  Dr.  L.  M.  Tracy  during  his  residence  there ;  but  soon 
after  the  recovery  of  his  wife's  health  he  left  the  field  and  returned  to  New 
York  state. 

In  the  autumn  of  1847,  soon  after  Dr.  Cator  returned  east.  Dr.  James 
S.  Douglas,  who  had  for  three  years  previouslv  been  practicing  homoeopathy 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  located  in  Milwaukee  and  at  once  entered  into 
partnership  with  Dr.  Tracy.  Pie  was  an  energetic  man  and  in  the  east  had 
delivered  lectures  on  medicine  in  Madison,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Milwaukee  he  en- 
deavored by  all  means  possible  to  interest  the  people  in  the  subject  of  homoe- 
opathy and  advance  its  cause.  In  1848,  with  his  partner  he  edited  and  pub- 
lished a  small  journal,  the  "  Milwaukee  Homoeopathic  Medical  Reporter." 
Drs.  Douglas  and  Tracy  also  conducted  a  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  which  was 
opened  as  early  as  1847  or  1848.  Dr.  Douglas  passed  the  rest  of  his  pro- 
fessional life  in  Milwaukee.  He  was  the  author  of  several  books.  He  died 
at  Macomb  City,  Miss.,  in  August,  1878,  at  the  home  of  his  daughter.  He 
was  born  in  Westmoreland,  July  4,  1801.  Dr.  Tracy  practiced  in  Milwaukee 
manv  vears. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  :}39 

Dr.  George  W.  Perrine  located  in  Milwaukee  in  1855.  He  had  been 
practicing-  for  sixteen  years  in  the  state  of  New  York,  all  but  the  last  two 
years  as  an  allopathic  physician.  He  also  became  a  partner  of  Dr.  Douglas. 
In  1866  they  published  for  one  year  a  little  monthly  called  the  "  Homoeopathic 
Expositor,"  which  was  intended  as  a  missionary  paper.  Dr.  Perrine  was 
born  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.,  December  16,  1816,  and  died  in  Milwaukee,  April  20, 
1872. 

Dr.  Ernest  Rupertus  Kiimmel  located  in  Milwaukee  in  1859.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Royal  University  in  Halle,  Prussia,  in  1856,  and  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Coethen,  Germany,  soon  afterward.  In  1859 
he  came  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  lived  for  a  number  of  years. 

In  1857  the  following  physicians  were  engaged  in  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy in  Milwaukee:  Drs.  T.  D.  Brown,  James  S.  Douglas,  J.  S.  Graves, 
Dr.  Gunther,  M.  Mayer,  G.  W.  Perrine,  Purlewitz,  L.  M.  Tracy  and  Rob- 
ert J.  Wilcox.  In  1870  there  were  ten  practitioners  in  Milwaukee;  in  1880, 
twenty-three;  in   1899,  thirty-four;  in   1904,  thirty. 

Dr.  J.  W.  Evans  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Beloit,  Rock  county,  in  1846, 
remaining  there  until  his  death  in  1867.  He  was  the  pioneer  in  that  part  of 
the  state.  In  1848  Dr.  Lewis  Merriman  went  from  Bloomington,  111.,  to  Be- 
loit, and  located  permanently.  In  1848  homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Janes- 
ville,  another  town  in  Rock  county,  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Chittenden.  In  1850  Dr. 
G.  W.  Chittenden  settled  in  Janesville. 

Dr.  Albert  Giles,  a  graduate  from  ihe  Berkshire  Medical  College,  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.,  in  1835,  and  who  had  been  practicing  allopathy  in  Troy,  Wis., 
since  1839,  located  in  Racine  in  1847.  He  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy 
in  1846.  He  remained  in  Racine  several  years,  then  went  to  Madison  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  J.  Bowen  of  that  place.  In  1854  they  edited 
the  "  Madison  Homoeopathy  "  of  which  only  a  few  numbers  were  published. 
Dr.  Giles  soon  returned  to  Racine  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  Rufus 
B.  Clark.     His  death  occurred  June  7,  1862. 

Dr.  Rodman  Stoddard  Gee  settled  in  Racine  about  1857.  He  had  pre- 
viously lived  in  Detroit  and  was  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  afterward  an 
occasional  lecturer.  He  is  said  to  have  delivered  twenty-five  hundred  lectures 
on  the  relative  merits  of  the  two  systems  and  to  have  published  thirty  thou- 
sand pamphlets  for  gratuitous  distribution.  In  a  letter  written  in  1889  Dr. 
Gee  said :  "  I  never  wrote  an  article  in  my  life  for  popularity  but  from  pur- 
pose to  defend  the  truth ;  nor  have  I  to  make  money.  My  pamphlets  and 
lectures  were  for  humanity,  and  were  freely  given.  God  will  take  care  of 
the  count.  Let  us  be  faithful  to  our  trust.  My  work  is  nearly  done.  May 
the  light  burn  while  I  live  is  my  earnest  desire." 

Dr.  Charles  Spencer  Duncombe  settled  at  Racine  in  i860,  entering  into 
partnership  with  Dr.  Rufus  B.  Clark.  .Dr.  Duncombe  had  graduated  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.,  in  1844,  and  located  in  Walworth  county,  Wis.,  immediately 
afterward.  He  had  practiced  also  in  St.  Thomas,  Ontario.  In  i860  he  re- 
ceived a  diploma  from  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago. 

Dr.  Paschal  P.  Brooks  was  the  first  homoeopath  in  La  Crosse,  in  1855. 
He  had  been  for  many  years  a  practitioner  of  allopathy.  He  continued  prac- 
tice in  La  Crosse  until  his  death,  July  2.2,  1865.  Dr.  John  S.  Pfonts  located 
in  La  Crosse  in  1854,  and  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  He  had  grad- 
uated from  an  allopathic  medical  college  in  Philadelphia  in  1853,  but  meet- 
ing Dr.  N.  Seymour,  a  homoeopathic  physician  in  Erie,  Pa.,  he  had  become 


340  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy.  He  remained  three  years  in  La 
Crosse  and  then  went  south. 

Dr.  Levi  E.  Ober  located  in  La  Crosse  in  1857,  having  graduated  from 
the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati  in  1850.  He  died  in  La  Crosse, 
March  26,  1881.     He  had  previously  practiced  in  Illinois, 

Dr.  Porter  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Monroe,  Green  county,  in  1850,  re- 
maining there  many  years.  Dr.  Sherman  located  in  Monroe  about  the  same 
time.  Dr.  Lawton  Colvin  Slye  settled  in  Waukesha,  then  known  as  Prarie- 
ville,  in  1843.  While  on  a  visit  to  Chicago  in  1853  he  was  induced  to  investi- 
gate homcEopathy  and  becoming  satisfied  of  its  truth  purchased  a  case  of 
medicines  and  devoted  a  year  to  testing  the  results  of  its  practice.  He  after- 
ward located  in  Baraboo,  Wis. 

Dr.  Crosby  located  in  Green  Bay,  in  185 1.  In  i860  Dr.  Henry  Pearce 
cam.e  from  London,  England,  and  settled  in  Green  Bay,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death,  in  1875. 

Drs.  Stringham  and  Pantillon  were  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathy  in  Fond 
du  Lac  county.  Dr.  Stringham  locating  in  Fond  du  Lac,  and  Dr.  Pantillon 
in  Faycheedah.     In  1855  Dr.  T.  J.  Patchen  settled  in  Fond  du  Lac. 

Dr.  John  Davies  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  D.  M.  Dake  of  Pittsburgh, 
then  went  to  Cleveland  for  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Western  Homoeopathic 
College,  and  in  1858  located  in  Oshkosh.  He  received  a  diploma  from  the 
Western  Homoeopathic  College  in  1859.  He  practiced  in  Oshkosh  about  three 
years,  going  from  there  to  New  York  for  further  study.  Dr.  E.  P.  Gaylord 
succeeded  Dr.  Davies  and  lived  in  Oshkosh  two  years,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Drs,  H.  B.  Dale,  W.  H.  Sanders,  Eugene  F.  Storke  and  others.  In  1899 
Oshkosh  supported  seven  homoeopathic  physicians. 

Dr.  Marcus  Swa.in  located  in  Oshkosh  in  1857,  remained  there  three 
years  and  then  removed  to  Waupun,  where  he  permanently  located.  He  had 
practiced  allopathy  in  Chittenden  county,  Vermont,  twenty  years,  but  in  1857 
embraced  homoeopathy.  From  1861  to  1865  he  was  physician  to  the  states 
prison  at  Waupun. 

Dr.  Fidelia  Rachel  Harris  Reid  began  practice  at  Beaver  Dam  in  1857, 
having  recently  graduated  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati, 
In  i860  Dr.  Harris  married  Rev.  H.  A.  Reid.  She  soon  after  became  inter- 
ested in  homoeopathy  and  studied  it  with  her  -husband,  who  had  left  the  medi- 
cal profession  a  few  years  previously.  During  the  war,  she  formed  a  corps 
of  nurses  under  sanction  of  the  governor.  She  also  was  connected  with  the 
sanitary  commission  at  St.  Louis.     In  1869  she  removed  to  Nebraska. 

Dr.  Walter  Martin  Williamson,  son  of  Dr.  Walter  Williamson  of  Phila- 
delphia, graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1857,  and  went  to  Appleton,  Outagamie  county.  He  remained  there  three 
years,  when  his  father's  health  necessitated  his  return  to-  Philadelphia. 

W.  P.  Butler  and  family  located  in  Wood  county  in  1855.  While  there 
Mrs.  Butler  obtained  books  and  medicines  and  studied  homoeopathy  in  order 
to  prescribe  for  her  own  family.  Mr.  Butler,  writing  in  1867,  said :  "  My 
wife  is  the  only  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  the  county,  or  for  many  miles 
around.  She  is  not  a  graduate  of  any  medical  institution,  but  commenced  to 
study  and  practice  for  the  sole  benefit  of  our  own  family,  and  because  of  her 
excellent  success  at  home  our  neighbors  would  send  for  her  to  attend  their 
children  and  act  as  a  midwife." 

Dr.   Charles   Byron   Bannister  went  to  Muswonago  in    1856   and  taught 


V, 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  341 

school.  He  became  acquainted  with  a  homoeopathic  physician  from  whom  he 
acquired  some  knowledge  of  the  system.  He  then  purchased  a  domestic  work 
and  a  case  of  medicines  and  commenced  practice.  In  1865  he  went  to  Eagle 
and  opened  an  office.  He  had  previously  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Samuel 
Fuller  at  Chittenango,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  Samuel  H.  Gilbert  graduated  from  the  Western  Homoeopathic  Col- 
lege of  Cleveland  in  1857,  and  located  in  Kenosha,  remaining  there  only  a 
few  months. 

In  Door  county,  the  peninsula  extending  along  Green  Bay,  Dr.  David 
Graham  located  as  a  homoeopathic  practitioner  as  early  as  1840.  In  1867 
Dr.  Graham  wrote :  "  I  am  not  a  graduate  of  any  medical  school.  I  studied 
medicine  and  practiced  nearly  two  years  under  an  old  allopathic  physician  in 
the  state  of  Ohio,  in  1844  ^^id  1845,  but  before  I  had  an  opportunity  to  grad- 
uate I  became  disgusted  with  the  treatment  and  abandoned  practice  entirely. 
I  became  acquainted  about  that  time  with  Dr.  Ross,  who  was  practicing  homoe- 
opathy in  the  village  of  Painesville,  Lake  county,  Ohio.  I  told  him  my  diffi- 
culties and  obtained  a  small  case  of  medicines  and  a  small  book  of  instruc- 
tions and  came  to  Wisconsin.  I  studied  my  little  book  and  prescribed  the 
little  pills  in  my  own  family  until  in  1852,  when  I  obtained  Jahr's  "  Manual 
of  Homoeopathic  Practice,"  with  medicines,  and  began  to  prescribe  for  my 
neighbors,  and  was  soon  given  the  title  of  Dr.  Graham."  Rev.  A.  M.  Iverson 
began  practice  in  Door  county  in  1858.  Dr.  William  Crane  introduced  homoe- 
opathy in  Trempaleau  county,  in  the  extreme  western  part  of  the  state,  in 
1861. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Wisconsin  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 
1857     Bannister,  Christian  B.     Eagle  1857     Gray,   A.  W.   x     Beloit 

1857  Bartlett,  Edward  G.  x    Madison  1857     Gunther,  Dr.  x     Milwaukee 

1858  Betteley,  George  W.  x  1857  Heckleman,  L.  A.  x  Schleisingerville 
1855     Brooks,  Paschal   P.  *     La  Crosse  i8s7     Hendrick,  Dr.  x    Waukesha 

1855  Butler.  Mrs.  W.  P.     Grand  Rapids  1S57    Hovt,  W.  S.  x    Kenosha 

1857  Brown,  D.  T.  x     Milwaukee  1858     Hoyt,  P.  B.  x 

1850  Bowen,  R.  J.     Madison  1858  Iverson,  A.  M.     Egg  Harbor 

1850  Burke,  —  x     Milwaukee  1856  Kiimmel,   Ernst  R.     Milwaukee        , 

1842  Cator,  Harvey  H.  *    Milwaukee  1857  Mayer,   M.   x     Milwaukee 

1850  Chittenden,  George  W.    Janesville  1857  Maine,  E.  C.     Portage  City 

1848  Chittenden,  W.  H.     Janesville  1840  Merriman,    Lewis   *     Beloit 

1856  Cole,  Samuel  P.     Whitewater  1857  Morse,  Dr.  x    Delavan 

1857  Coffin,  T.  L.  X     Wyocena  1850  Ober,  Levi  E.     La  Crosse 
i860  Crane,   William     Trempaleau  county       1858  Pearce,    Henry     Green    Bay 

1850     Crosby,   Dr.     Green   Bay  1853     Perrine,  George  W.  x     Milwaukee 

1858  Clark,   Rufus    B.     Racine  1850     Pantillon,  Dr.     Faycheedah 
i860     Dale,   H.   B.     Oshkosh  1854     Patchin.  T.  J.     Fond  du  Lac 

1858  Davies,  John     Oshkosh  1850     Porter,    Dr.      Monroe 

1844  Douglas,  James  S.  *     Milwaukee  1857  Purlewitz,  Dr.  x     Milwaukee 

1859  Duncombe,   Charles   S.   *     Racine  1854  Pfonts,   John    S.   *     La  Crosse 
1857  Everett,  Dr.  x     Beloit  1857  Robinson,  O.  P.  x    Janesville 
1846  Evans,  J.  W.     Beloit  1857  Swain.    Marcus   *     Oshkosh 

1857  Fish,  Dr.  x     Bradford  1850  Stringham,    William      Fond    du    Lac 

1856  Gee,  Rodman    S.     Racine  1853  Slye,  Lavvton  Colvin  *     Waukesha 
1846  Giles,  Albert  *    Troy  1845  Tracy,  L.   M.     Milwaukee 

1857  Gilbert,  Samuel  H.     Kenosha  1857  Treat,   R.   B.   x     Janesville 

1857    Gregory,  L.  M.  x     Lake  Mills  185 1     Wilcox,   Robert  J.  x     Milwaukee 

1846    Graham,    David     Egg  Harbor  1857    Williamson,   Walter   M.     Appleton 

1857     Graves,  J.   S.  x     Milwaukee 


342  JilSTORV  OF  IJOMCKUrATHY 


CHAPTEF<  XX\  I 

HOMOEOrATHY    IX    ALAIiAMA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  'SI.  D. 

Homceopathy  never  Strong  in  Alabama — Dr.  Monroe  Describes  some  Early  Experiences 
— The  State  Medical  Association — Ulrich  and  Schafer,  the  Pioneers — Later  Acces- 
sions to  the  Homoeopathic  Ranks — Reminiscences  and  Tables  of  Early  Practitioners. 

The  Hahnemannian  system  of  medicine  has  not  ^e^ained  a  strong  foothold 
in  Alabama,  a  condition  due  to  several  causes,  not  all  worthy  of  presentation 
in  these  pages,  but  some  of  which  are  referred  to  in  a  letter  written  in  Birm- 
ingham in  1883  by  Dr.  A.  Leight  Monroe,  as  follows :  "  I  had  hardly  begun 
to  make  permanent  arrangements  toward  living  and  practicing  here  when 
the  following  information  caused  my  heart  to  strike  my  fifth  rib  with  a  dull 
thud :  By  the  law  of  Alabama  *  Mr.  Homoeopath  '  must  pass  an  examination 
before  an  allopathic  board  of  examiners  in  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry 
and  the  mechanism  of  labor.  In  spite  of  the  fact,  since  discovered,  that  they 
used  every  effort  to  keep  me  out,  the  ordeal  was  safely  passed.  I  have  since 
doubted  whether  the  men  who  so  impressively  asked  me  the  '  difference  be- 
tween the  corpus  luteum  of  pregnancy  and  menstruation,'  the  '  difference  be- 
tween an  isomorphous  and  an  isomeric  body,'  and  '  mechanism  of  labor  in  a 
posterior  lateral  position,  if  spontaneous  version  were  relied  upon,  (which 
it  never  is)  knew  the  answers  themselves.  It  is  really  a  delightful  exper- 
ience to  pass  this  examination  and  turning  this  allopathic  weapon  back  upon 
themselves  enter  practice  with  their  forced  endorsement." 

HOMOEOPATHIC   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION   OF  ALABAMA. 

In  1850  Drs.  Lingen  of  Mobile,  Angell  of  Huntsville,  and  Ulrich,  Henry 
and  Albright  of  Montgomery  held  a  meeting  and  formed  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  of  Alabama,  the  pioneer  organization  of  its  kind  in  the  state, 
and  the  predecessor  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  of  Alabama, 
although  a  number  of  years  passed  after  the  dissolution  of  the  old  society 
before  the  new  one  came  into  existence.  The  present  association  dates  its 
history  from  May  15,  1889,  and  at  the  organization  meeting  these  officers 
were  elected :  Dr.  F.  F.  DeDerkey  of  Mobile,  president ;  Dr.  A.  N.  Duffield 
of  Huntsville,  vice-president ;  Dr.  George  G.  Lyon  of  Mobile,  secretary ;  Dr. 
A.  P.  Myers  of  Mobile,  treasurer.  In  the  same  year  the  society  was  incor- 
porated, and  on  November  13  a  reorganization  was  effected.  Since  that  time 
the  association  has  maintained  a  healthful  existence,  although  on  account  of 
its  limited  membership  meetings  are  occasionally  held  in  conjunction  with  the 
Tennessee  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

REMINISCENCES. 

So  far  as  history  discloses  homoeopathy  was  first  practiced  in  the  state 
by  a  layman  whose  name  is  not  given  by  chroniclers  of  homoeopathic  annals  in 
Alabama,  but  who  dispensed  the  little  doses  in  Montgomery  with  good  effect 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  343 

as  early  as  1843.  Two  years  later  the  field  was  occupied  by  two  German  physi- 
cians— Ulrich  and  Schafer — whose  advent  was  welcomed,  for  at  the  time  an 
epidemic  of  fever  was  ravaging  the  plantations  and  the  known  means  of  cure 
within  reach  of  the  afflicted  people  furnished  no  relief ;  hence  the  arrival  of 
homoeopathic  pioneers  was  thrice  welcome  in  that  their  treatment  was  success- 
ful where  that  of  the  old  school  was  a  failure, 

Drs.  Ulrich  and  Schafer  were  followed  in  1850  by  Dr.  G.  Albright, 
and  in  1851  by  Dr.  John  Hazzard  Henry,  who  became  partner  with  Dr.  Ul- 
rich. Two  years  later  he  (Henry)  removed  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
but  in  1857  returned  to  Alabama,  settling  in  Selma,  where  he  afterward  lived. 

Dr.  Mclntire  was  another  of  the  early  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Mont- 
gomery, having  settled  there  in  1850.  Dr.  E.  S.  Byron,  whose  medical  educa- 
tion was  acquired  in  London,  settled  in  Montgomery  in  1859. 

Such  is  the  early  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Montgomery,  from  whence 
the  exemplars  of  the  new  school  extended  their  work  into  other  parts  of  the 
state,  choosing  their  places  of  location  largely  in  the  cities  where  the  practice 
promised  better  returns  than  in  the  less  populous  districts.  It  cannot  be  said, 
however,  that  the  doctrine  ever  has  found  a  numerous  following  in  the  state, 
the  total  number  of  homoeopaths  in  practice  there  in  1857  being  only  eight; 
in  1870,  seven;  in  1875,  six;  in  1899,  thirteen,  and  in  1904,  twelve. 

Dr.  Richard  Angell,  who  had  become  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  while 
residing  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  was  compelled  on  account  of  the  health  of 
his  wife  to  go  south,  and  settled  in  Huntsville  in  1847.  He  remained  there 
until  1855,  when  he  went  to  New  Orleans.  Dr.  Angell  had  the  field  in  Hunts- 
ville until  1853,  when  Dr.  Amatus  Robbins  Burritt,  just  graduated  from  the 
Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  Cleveland,  went  there  and  be- 
came a  partner  with  his  predecessor.  Dr.  Burritt  was  for  many  years  the 
only  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  town,  but  in  1884  Dr.  Alfred  Manley 
Duffield  located  there.  Soon  after  Dr.  Burritt  located  in  Huntsville  a  severe 
epidemic  of  scarlet  fever  occurred,  and  his  success  in  its  treatment  won  for 
him  an  extensive  reputation  and  made  homoeopathy  popular  in  that  vicinity. 

Dr.  James  Gridley  Belden  was  the  first  homoeopathic  practitioner  in 
Mobile,  having  located  there  in  the  autumn  of  1846.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York.  He  remained  one 
year  at  Mobile,  going  from  there  to  New  Orleans. 

Dr.  George  Lingen,  who  had  been  one  of  the  men  connected  with  the 
Allentown  Academy,  and  who  in  1835  sold  homoeopathic  medicines  in  Phila- 
delphia, went  to  Mobile  in  1849.  He  was  a  German  of  fine  education,  and 
established  a  large  practice  in  the  city,  where  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1868. 

Dr.  John  Cragin  settled  in  Mobile  about  1855.  He  had  graduated  from 
William  and  Mary  College,  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  of- 
fice of  an  allopathic  physician ;  but  finding  that  medical  practice  was  based 
upon  no  certain  system,  he  gave  up  his  studies  and  turned  to  politics  and 
literature.  In  1845  ^^  became  associated  with  the  democratic  press  of  Ala- 
bama and  proved  to  be  an  able  political  writer.  While  thus  occupied  his  at- 
tention was  attracted  to  homoeopathy.  He  investigated,  and  after  two  years 
of  study  located  for  practice  in  Annapolis,  Maryland.  A  year  later  he  re- 
turned to  Alabam.a  and  established  himself  in  Mobile,  where  he  practiced 
until  his  death.  May  24,  1877. 

Dr.  William  J.  Murrell,  a  native  of  Mobile,  graduated  from  the  New 
York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in   1861    (having  previously  received  a 


344  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

diploma  from  the  University  of  New  York)  and  opened  an  office  in  Mobile, 
where  he  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  Drs.  Mandeville,  F.  F.  De- 
Derkey,  Merrick,  George  G.  Lyons  and  Augustus  P.  Myers  have  practiced 
in  Mobile. 

Dr.  Inerarity,  a  native  of  Scotland,  who  had  practiced  allopathy  for  sev- 
eral years,  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  practiced  it 
in  Mobile.  Dr.  F.  G.  Hunt  located  in  that  city  in  1887,  but  remained  only 
a  short  time,  going  thence  to  St.  Louis. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Alabama  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 

1850  Albright,  G.     Montgomery  Inerarity,   John    Forbes   *     Mobile 

1844  Angell,   Richard    *     Huntsville  1835  Lingen,    George      Mobile 

1846  Belden,  James  Gridley     Mobile  1S57  Merrick,    Dr.    x     Mobile 

1856  Byron,  E.  S.  x  *     Montgomery  1850  Mclntyre,  Dr.     Montgomery 
1853  Burritt,  Amatus  R.     Huntsville  1855  iViandeville.  Dr.  x     Mobile 

1849  Cragin,  John  *     Mobile  1861     Murrell,  William  J.  *     Mobile 

1857  Geijjer,    Charles   x     Montgomery  1857     Poe,  R.  M.  x     Montgomery 

1850  Henry,  John  Hazard  *    Selma  1845     Schafer,  Dr.     Montgomery 
1857     Howard,  J.  H.  x     Salina  1845     Ulrich,   G.  A.     Montgomery 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  345 


CHAPTER  XXVn 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    ILLINOIS. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Early  Homoeopathic  Conditions  in  lUinois — Experiences  of  Dr.  David  Sheppard  Smith, 
Allopath  and  Homoeopath — Zabina  Eastman  and  the  "  Western  Citizen " — Effects 
of  the  Chicago  Fire  of  1871  on  Homoeopathj'  in  that  City — Homoeopathic  Medical 
Societies  and  Hospitals — Reminiscences  and  Lists  of  Early  Homoeopathic  Prac- 
titioners. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century  the  great  metropoHtan  city 
of  Chicago  is  looked  upon  as  the  central  point  of  homoeopathy  not  only  in 
Illinois  and  the  west,  but  in  America  as  well.  In  many  respects  the  planting 
and  subsequent  outspreading  of  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann  was  co-extensive 
with  the  planting  of  the  city  itself,  and  with  its  growth  and  development  in 
later  years,  until  it  came  to  be  regarded  as  the  most  remarkable  municipality 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

If  the  accounts  of  past  chroniclers  of  homoeopathic  history  be  true,  Chi- 
cago medical  colleges  have  educated  and  sent  out  into  the  professional  world 
more  homoeopathic  physicians  than  any  other  dity  in  America,  not  even  except- 
ing Philadelphia,  where  a  large  institution  of  homoeopathic  medical  instruc- 
tion was  in  operation  almost  before  the  first  homoeopath  had  carried  the  gos- 
pel of  Hahnemann  into  the  "  foreign  parts  "  which  sometimes  has  been  re- 
ferred to  as  the  "  Sucker  State."  But  it  was  no  sparsely  settled  region  into 
which  Dr.  David  Sheppard  Smith  ventured  and  first  dispensed  the  little  doses 
in  1843,  for  even  then  the  city  of  Chicago  laid  just  claim  to  importance,  although 
then  its  population  was  less  than  twenty  thousand  inhabitants.  However,  in 
the  year  mentioned.  Dr.  Smith  was  hardly  a  stranger  in  the  city  of  which  we 
write;  he  had  first  gone  there  in  1836,  fresh  from  the  associations  of  an  allo- 
pathic college  in  Philadelphia,  the  city  of  "  brotherly  love,"  and  he  was  the 
proud  possessor  of  a  "regular"  sheepskin;  and  he  had  lived  and  practiced  in 
the  city  a  full  year  before  he  returned  to  his  native  town  in  New  Jersey  and 
there  incidentally  investigated  the  principles  of  homoeopathy — just  to  gratify 
certain  of  his  Camden  friends ;  but  investigation  led  to  serious  consideration 
and  finally  resulted  in  his  full  conversion  to  the  new  medical  system  and  a 
determination  to  promulgate  its  doctrines  in  the  western  city  in  which  his 
professional  life  had  been  begun. 

It  was  not  Dr.  Smith's  good  fortune  to  be  the  sole  occupant  of  the  new 
field  for  a  considerable  length  of  time,  for  he  was  soon  joined  by  Dr.  R.  E.  W. 
Adams,  an  allopath,  but  who  entered  practice  in  partnership  with  the  pio- 
neer and  soon  laid  aside  the  old  system  for  the  new.  Later  on  he  removed 
10  Springfield,  where  his  subsequent  useful  life  was  spent. 

Dr.  Aaron  Pitney  came  into  the  field  in  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year, 
and  was  an  important  acquisition  to  the  little  force  of  homoeopathic  exemplars 
who  were  laying  the  foundation  of  their  school  of  practice  in  the  state,  and 
who  also  bore  the  brunt  of  the  conflict  with  the  allopathic  opposition.     Pit- 


340 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


ney  had  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Valentine  Mott,  the  distinguished  sur- 
geon, and  afterward  had  served  as  surgeon  in  the  American  army  during 
the  second  war  with  Great  Britain.  Later  on  he  practiced  allopathy  in  Au- 
burn, New  York,  where  he  first  began  to  investigate  homoeopathy,  and  his  con- 
version was  made  complete  under  the  guiding  mind  of  Dr.  A.  Gerald  Hull 
of  New  York  city.     Dr.  Pitney  died  April  7,  1865. 

Dr.  Smith,  the  pioneer,  seems  to  have  been  a  close  observor  of  homoe- 
opathic development  in  the  west  and  particularly  in  this  state,  and  he  also 
was  something  of  a  chronicler  of  its  history.  He  mentioned  Pitney  as  being 
an  excellent  physician,  and  spoke  with  zeal  regarding  the  style  and  equipage 


always  maintained  by  him,  Smith  also  gives  us  an  account  of  the  splendid 
service  to  homoeopathy  rendered  by  Zabina  Eastman,  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  "  Western  Citizen,"  a  strong  anti-slavery  newspaper,  and  an  open  advo- 
cate of  homoeopathy,  its  pages  always  being  open  to  the  champions  of  our 
school.  Thus  with  at  least  one  good  and  reliable  "  organ  "  to  defend  its  prin- 
ciples against  the  wanton  attacks  of  an  unscrupulous  enemy,  the  early  prac- 
titioners of  homoeopathy  were  not  compelled  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  allopathic 
abuse  as  in  many  less  favored  localities ;  and  with  the  foundations  of  the  sys- 
tem thus  firmly  laid  during  the  period  of  its  early  history  in  the  west  and 
in  the  state,  it  is  not  surprising  that  homoeopathy  early  became  one  of  the 
fixed  institutions  in  the  region  in  advance  of  states  where  settlement  and  de- 
velopment were  of  much  earlier  origin.  However,  in  1854  there  were  only 
eleven  homoeopathic  physicians  in  Illinois  and  only  fourteen  in  1857.  In 
1870  the  number  had  increased  to  forty-nine,  and  in  1880  to  one  hundred 
and  twenty-one.     In  1896  there  were  four  hundred  and  fifty-nine  practitioners 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  347 

of  the  school  in  the  state,  and  in  1904  there  were  five  hundred  and  thirty-two, 
which  number  of  homoeopaths  gives  IlHnois  a  place  in  the  front  rank  of  the 
Hahnemannian  hosts  in  America. 

The  history  of  the  school  in  this  state  discloses  that  its  representatives 
have  been  subjected  to  the  usual  embarrassments  visited  elsewhere,  and  at 
times  there  have  been  rivalries  which  have  worked  adversely,  but  from  each 
of  these  periods  of  family  disturbance  the  house  of  Hahnemann  has  emerged 
stronger  and  better  than  before ;  and  it  was  only  improved  conditions  that 
followed  the  visitation  of  fire  in  1871,  which  created  consternation  through- 
out the  country  and  for  a  time  disrupted  the  entire  municipal  system  of  the 
city  of  Qiicago.  In  this  great  disaster  homoeopathy  suffered  loss  with  all 
other  interests,  but  re-established  itself  within  the  brief  space  of  a  few  years. 
It  may  be  said,  however,  that  the  fire  of  October,  1871,  brought  the  medical 
profession  together  in  Chicago,  and  for  the  time  there  was  no  distinction  of 
"  school."  The  "  Medical  Investigator  "  of  February,  1872,  commented  freely 
on  the  incidents  of  the  fire  and  of  the  professional  affiliations  which  grew 
out  of  it.  A  single  excerpt  from  the  pages  of  that  journal  will  be  interesting 
here: 

"  The  next  day  after  the  fire  Drs.  J.  E.  Oilman  and  C.  Horace  Evans  re- 
ported for  duty  to  the  citizens  committee.  Mayor  Gleason,  chairman.  They 
were  informed  that  the  medical  part  had  received  no  attention.  The  board  of 
health  had  not  been  heard  from.  These  doctors  were  commissioned  a  medi- 
cal bureau  to  organize  and  send  relief  to  the  poor  suffering  sick  on  the  prairies. 
They  assumed  charge,  ordered  the  police  to  notify  physicians  to  report  for 
duty,  pressed  in  carriages,  wagons,  etc.,  as  ambulances,  and  in  a  few  hours 
physicians  were  attending  the  sick  everywhere,  and  hundreds  were  being 
brought  into  the  hospitals,  school  buildings  and  churches.  Dispensaries  and 
temporary  hospitals  were  established  and  supplied  with  medical  stores  and 
physicians.  In  a  day  or  two  the  board  of  health  appeared,  and  all  worked 
together  harmoniously,  only  one  narrow-minded  allopath  objecting.  It  was 
good  to  see  allopaths,  homoeopaths  and  eclectics  working  together  as  we  were 
for  the  general  good  of  suffering  humanity.  Dr.  Johnson,  member  of  the  board 
of  health,  professor  in  Chicago  Medical  College,  and  a  prominent  allopathic 
physician,  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  on  sick,  hospital  and  sanitary 
measures,  and  Dr.  Oilman,  who  had  managed  the  medical  relief  so  fairly  and 
efficiently,  was  appointed  secretary.  Dr.  R.  Ludlam,  dean  of  our  college,  was 
placed  on  the  committee,  and  Dr.  H.  B.  Fellows  is  visiting  physician  in  one 
of  the  districts  of  which  Dr.  Freer  is  medical  superintendent.  During  a  con- 
versation Dr.  Johnson  remarked,  '  We  are  not  allopaths  nor  homoeopaths,  we 
are  all  physicians.'  " 

In  a  large  measure  the  success  of  the  homoeopathic  system  in  this  state 
has  been  due  to  early  and  efficient  organization,  both  <in  the  formation  of  so- 
cieties and  in  the  establishment  of  schools  of  medicine ;  and  in  respect  to  the 
latter  the  state  undoubtedly  stands  pre-eminent  in  American  homoeopathic 
annals.  However,  institutions  of  the  character  last  mentioned  will  be  dis- 
cussed in  another  department  of  this  work,  hence  need  no  further  mention 
in  this  place. 

ILLINOIS    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION. 

One  of  the  oldest  and  also  one  of  the  strongest  organizations  of  homoe- 
opathic practitioners  in  the  west  is  that  known  by  the  distinguishing  name 


348 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


of  which  stands  at  the  head  of  this  article.  It  was  orc^anized  in  Peoria  on 
December  6,  1855,  and  was  incorporated  October  24,  1881.  Since  that  time 
its  meetings  have  been  held  regularly,  annually  in  May  and  generally  in  Chi- 
cago, and  semi-annually  in  November,  in  the  same  city.  During  the  early 
years  of  the  life  of  the  association  meetings  were  held  in  different  places  in 
the  state.  The  first  officers  were  Dr.  E.  A.  Guilbert,  president,  and  Dr.  D.  A. 
Colton,  secretary.  In  1856  the  "  North  American  Journal  of  Homoeopatljy  " 
speaking  of  this  socie'ty,  said :  "  Its  meetings  rival  those  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  enthusiasm  and  numbers ;  and  the  young  but 
truly  great  West  has  set  us  of  the  North  and  East  an  example  of  energ}' 
and  earnestness  of  purpose  which  we  would  do  well  to   follow,"  etc.     The 


Alvan  E.  Small,  M.  D. 

second  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  in  Springfield,  January  12,  1857, 
at  which  time  officers  were  elected  as  follows :  Dr.  D.  S.  Smith,  president ; 
Drs.  R.  E,  W,  Adams,  M.  Troyer  and  W.  C.  Anthony,  vice-presidents ;  Dr. 
E.  A.  Guilbert,  recording  secretary ;  Dr.  A.  R.  Bartlett,  corresponding  secre- 
tary; Dr.  W.  Slocum,  treasurer;  Drs.  Melrose,  Piatt,  Hatch,  Shearer  and 
Ober,  censors.  On  the  occasion  of  this  meeting  the  subject  of  establishing  a 
western  homoeopathic  journal  was  discussed  with  considerable  earnestness, 
and  in  due  season  the  councils  of  that  body  produced  the  desired  result.  Then 
the  society  had  forty-one  members.  Of  the  association  publications  the  first 
volume  contained  the  proceedings   from    1856  to   1864;   the  transactions    for 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY    ^  349 

1869-1871  were  burned  in  the  fire  of  October,  1871  ;  the  proceedings  of  the 
19th,  20th  and  2 1  St  sessions  were  pubHshed  in  one  volume  in  1876.  Annual 
proceedings  have  since  been  pubHshed,  but  not  with  perfect  regularity.  A 
number  of  president's  addresses  also  have  been  put  in  print.  The  society  in 
1904  had  about  475  members. 

The  Northern  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized 
at  a  convention  of  physicians  of  the  north  part  of  the  state  held  at  the  Haskill 
hall  in  Peoria  on  December  6,  1855.  The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  in 
Elgin,  January  i,  1856.  This  seems  to  have  been  the  beginning  of  a  move- 
ment which  has  been  followed  with  more  or  less  persistency  in  later  years 
until  Illinois  has  become  the  rival,  if  not  the  leader,  of  any  other  state  in 
number  of  homoeopathic  medical  societies.  Each  has  served  a  useful  pur- 
pose and  has  had  the  effect  to  elevate  the  standard  of  the  profession  in  the 
great  west.  In  the  present  connection  it  is  impossible  to  furnish  a  detailed 
history  of  each  of  these  local  organizations,  and  a  mere  mention  of  them 
must  answer  for  the  purposes  of  this  chapter. 

The  Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  the  city 
of  Chicago,  April  2,  1857,  was  not  incorporated,  and  continued  in  existence 
not  more  than  a  few  years. 

The  Cook  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  building.  May  11,  1866.  It  was  not  incorporated, 
but  maintained  a  healthful  existence  until  1873,  when  with  another  society 
of  like  character  and  purpose  it  merged  in  the.  Chicago  Academy  of  Homoe- 
pathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

The  Central  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized 
in  Jacksonville,  October  12,  1869,  and  comprised  in  membership  physicians 
representing  the  central  counties  of  the  state.  Its  first  officers  were  W.  D. 
Lemon  of  Jacksonville,  president ;  Dr.  Willard  of  Jacksonville,  corresponding 
secretary ;  Dr.  Routh  of  Decatur,  recording  secretary ;  H.  B.  Shirley  of 
Whitehall,  treasurer.  The  first  meeting  of  this  society  is  memorable  from 
the  fact  that  at  that  time  Dr.  William  Tod  Helmuth,  the  afterward  eminent 
surgeon,  presented  a  circular  concerning  the  project  of  raising  a  monument 
to  the  memory  of  Gram,  the  pioneer  of  the  homoeopathic  school  in  America. 
On  July  I,  1873,  the  society  was  reorganized  under  the  name  of  Central  Illi- 
nois Medical  Society,  and  afterward  held  quarterly  meetings  in  different  places 
until  1882  when  it  merged  in  the  state  society. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons  was 
organized  in  Chicago  in  1873,  ^  consolidation  of  the  Cook  County  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  Society  and  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Medicine.  The  reports 
of  this  greater  organization  may  be  found  in  journals  of  the  profession  un- 
der the  three  several  names,  thus  maintaining  in  a  way  the  identity  of  its  com- 
ponent elements. 

The  Military  Tract  Homoeopathic  Society  was  organized  by  the  homoe- 
opathic physicians  of  Knox  and  adjoining  counties  in  Galesburg,  on  Novem- 
ber I,  1870.  Its  first  officers  were  T.  Bacmeister  of  Toulon,  president;  W.  C. 
Anthony  of  Princeton,  vice-president;  J.  H.  Miller  of  Abingdon,  secretary; 
G.  W.  Brewington  of  Wataga.  provisional  secretary;  T.  J.  Merryman  of 
Aledo,  treasurer.  The  society  held  semi-annual  meetings  in  different  places 
imtil  1872,  when  it  became  stationary  in  Galesburg,  and  so  continued  until 
1885,  when  it  passed  out  of  existence.     No  publications  were  issued. 

The  Illinois  Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  La 


350 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOIOPATHY 


Salle  in  March  or  April.  1872,  but  never  incorporated.  It  held  at  first  bi- 
monthly meetings,  which  afterward  became  semi-annual  upon  the  reorganiza- 
tion in   1888. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Medicine  was  originally  formed  in  1869 
(April  10)  and  was  a  well  officered  and  managed  institution.  Its  existence 
was  continued  until  1873  when  it  was  merged  with  another  society  to  form 
the  Chicago  Academy  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

The  Oiicago  Paedological  Society  was  organized  at  the  Foundlings' 
Home  in  Chicago.  October  14,  1869,  and  afterward  held  monthly  meetings, 
generally  at  the  residence  of  some  one  of  its  members. 

The  Fourteenth   District  Homoeopathic   Medical   Society  of  Illinois  was 


T.  C.  Duncan,  M.  D. 


organized  in  Naperville,  May  13,  1873,  and  included  in  its  membership  the 
physicians  of  the  school  living  in  Du  Page  and  Kane  counties.  It  was  main- 
tained with  indifferent  success  for  several  years  and  then  passed  out  of  exist- 
ence. It  accomplished  some  good  work,  and  its  transactions  were  not  pub- 
lished except  in  local  reports. 

The  Kankakee  and  DesPlaines  Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Associa- 
tion, including  chiefly  Will  and  Grundy  counties,  was  organized  in  Joliet  in 
February,  1875,  ^"^1  was  dissolved  in   1882. 

The  Rock  River  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  was  organized  in  Dixon,  Illi- 
nois, in  1878,  and  provided  to  hold  quarterly  meetings  in  different  places. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  351 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  of  Wabash  Valley  was  organized 
in  Paris,  Illinois,  May  i,  1878,  and  held  semi-annual  meetings  until  1884, 
when  it  was  dissolved. 

The  Women's  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Chicago  was  organized 
April  17,  1879,  and  was  the  first  society  of  its  kind  in  the  country  which  was 
formed  and  governed  exclusively  by  members  of  the  "  weaker  "  sex. 

The  Homoeopathic  Clinical  Society  of  Rock  Island,  Henry  and  White- 
side Counties,  Illinois,  and  Scott  County,  Iowa,  was  organized  in  Rock  Island, 
October  22,  1879,  ^^^  entered  upon  a  career  of  active  and  useful  life,  holding 
its  meetings  quarterly  in  different  places. 

The  Medical  Science  Club  of  Chicago  was  organized  in  that  city  in  1883, 
did  not  incorporate,  and  made  provision  for  semi-monthly  meetings. 

The  Rockford  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  Rock- 
ford.  November  12,  1883,  but  was  continued  only  a  few  years.  It  was  not 
incorporated  and  did  not  publish  its  transactions. 

The  Central  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
Champaign,  January  21,  1891. 

Tlie  Adams  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized  in 
Quincy  in  December,  1888,  elected  officers,  but  did  not  incorporate,  and  in 
the  course  of  a  few  years  passed  out  of  existence,  leaving  little  record  of 
its  history  or  works. 

The  La  Salle  County  Homoeopathic  Society  was  organized  by  physicians 
of  La  Salle  county  at  a  meeting  held  in  Streator,  August  7,  1891. 

The  Provers'  Union  and  Materia  Medica  Club  was  organized  at  the  Grand 
hotel  in  Qiicago,  August  8,  1891,  and  provided  for  the  admission  to  mem- 
bership of  medical  students  as  well  as  graduate  physicians. 

The  Northwestern  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized 
at  the  Brewster  house  in  Freeport,  December  3,  1895,  and  from  that  time 
grew  rapidly  in  membership  and  usefulness  until  it  becan.ie  an  influential  fac- 
tor in  homoeopathic  circles  in  that  part  of  the  state  which  was  made  the  scene 
of  its  operations. 

The  hospital  institutions  of  the  state  are  deserving  of  greater  notice  than 
can  be  given  them  within  the  compass  of  the  present  chapter,  on  account  of 
the  fact  that  nearly  all  of  them  which  belong  to  the  homoeopathic  school  of 
medicine,  as  commonly  knowfi,  are  in  some  direct  manner  associated  in  their 
history  with  the  several  medical  colleges,  or  under  their  medical  supervision, 
hence  naturally  may  be  mentioned  in  that  connection.  The  institution  of 
the  character  mentioned  which  claims  first  attention  seems  to  have  been  a 
private  enterprise,  and  was  established  in  1854  by  Dr.  George  E.  Shipman, 
who  in  that  year  opened  a  homoeopathic  hospital  in  Chicago,  and  called  pub- 
lic attention  to  it  through  the  medium  of  an  unique  circular,  which  read  as 
follows : 

"  The  undersigned  begs  leave  to  call  your  attention  to  the  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  recently  opened  in  this  city,  under  his  superintendence.  Should  any 
of  your  friends  wish  to  receive  medical  treatment  in  this  city,  or  should  they 
be  overtaken  here  by  disease,  they  will  find  in  this  institution  every  atten- 
tion necessary  to  insure  their  comfort  and  speedy  recovery.  Patients  suffer- 
ing from  contagious  diseases  will  not  be  admitted,"  etc.  Dr.  Shipman's  pio- 
neer hospital  contained  twelve  beds,  was  maintained  largely  by  voluntary  con- 
tributions, but  it  ceased  to  exist  in  1857. 

The  Chicago  City  Hospital,  the  history  of  which  dates  from  about  the 


352  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

year  1855,  was  the  real  beginning  of  homoeopathic  hospital  life  in  the  state, 
although  the  department  for  the  homoeopathic  treatment  of  patients  there  did 
not  begin  until  the  summer  of  1857,  and  then  in  answer  to  a  well  presented 
demand  in  the  form  of  a  petition  of  citizens  of  Chicago  to  the  common  coun- 
cil, which  among  other  things  set  forth  that  "  the  fact  the  Chicago  Homoe- 
opathic Hospital — a  benevolent  institution,  relying  principally  for  support 
upon  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the  community — has  now  for  more  than 
three  years  practically  occupied  the  position  of  city  hospital,  receiving  and 
caring  for  charity  patients  when  applied  to  by  the  city;"  and  also  that  it  gave 
the  public  an  opportunity  to  compare  the  two  systems,  and  that  it  was  not 
more  than  justice  to  the  homoeopathist  who  also  was  a  taxpayer.  On  July  9, 
1857,  the  board  of  health  appointed  two  medical  and  surgical  hospital  staffs, 
and  on  the  homoeopathic  board  were  Drs.  Alvan  E.  Small,  A.  Pitney,  consult- 
ing physicians,  and  Drs.  H.  K.  W.  Boardman,  D.  A.  Colton,  N.  F.  Cook,  R. 
Ludlam,  S.  Seymour  and  George  E.  Shipman,  consulting  surgeons.  How- 
ever, before  the  new  Chicago  and  Cook  County  Hospital  was  fully  completed 
the  civil  war  came  and  the  federal  government  occupied  the  building  for  a 
military  hospital. 

The  Cook  County  Hospital  on  its  original  foundation  was  an  allopathic 
institution,  and  was  so  continued  until  1881,  when  the  Chicago  Academy  of 
Homoeopathic  Ph}sicians  made  a  successful  effort  to  have  a  part  of  the  hos- 
pital set  apart  for  both  medical  and  surgical  treatment  by  practitioners  of 
their  own  school.  In  the  accomplishment  of  this  end  all  the  homoeopathic 
forces  of  the  county  were  aroused  to  action,  except  the  faculty  of  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College,  who,  while  not  opposing  the  measure,  did  not  give  it 
their  sanction.  The  committee  of  academy  members  upon  whom  devolved 
the  real  work  of  the  undertaking  comprised  Drs.  Mitchell  (chairman),  Fos- 
ter, Kippax,  Adam.  Cook,  Hall,  Hawkes  of  Chicago,  Mann  of  Evanston  and 
Johnson  of  Hyde  Park. 

The  board  of  county  commissioners  whose  members  were  thus  assailed 
with  the  homoeopathic  forces  and  influences  proved  their  friendship  to  our 
school  when,  on  November  28,  1881,  they  reported  "that  great  good  would 
result  to  the  public  interests  by  the  introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  the  Cook 
County  Hospital."  In  accordance  with  their  resolution  provision  was  made 
for  a  homoeopathic  department,  with  both  medical  and  surgical  staflfs  selected 
equally  from  the  homoeopathic  medical  colleges  of  the  city.  The  department 
was  opened  January  i,  1882,  and  has  since  been  continued  with  excellent  re- 
sults.    In  the  department  in  1904  were  150  beds. 

The  Chicago  Baptist  Hospital  was  established  during  the  summer  of 
1891  by  Dr.  I.  D.  Rogers  and  others,  and  at  first  occupied  quarters  in  the 
building  of  the  National  Homoeopathic  College ;  later  on  it  was  removed  to 
the  building  formerly  occupied  by  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  It  is 
maintained  under  the  supervision  of  the  co-operative  medical  and  surgical 
service  of  Chicago,  has  a  complete  homoeopathic  staff,  and  is  the  largest  de- 
nominational hospital  in  the  city. 

The  World's  Fair  Homoeopathic  Emergency  Hospital  was  organized  in 
Chicago  in  1893,  the  first  oflficers  being  Dr.  G.  A.  Hall,  president;  Dr.  W.  A. 
Knoll,  vice-president ;  Dr.  I.  A.  VanPatten,  treasurer ;  and  Dr.  A.  C.  Bailey, 
secretary.  The  entire  cost  of  the  institution,  building  and  equipments  was 
$20,000. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


353 


REMINISCENCES. 

As  is  stated  in  an  earlier  paragraph,  Dr.  Smith  was  the  pioneer 
of  homcEopathy  in  Illinois,  but  he  was  more  than  that;  he  was  the 
nestor  of  the  school  in  the  west,  its  zealous  missionary  and  its  faithful  exem- 
plar. He  was  known  by  his  works,  and  by  reputation  he  was  known  to  his 
professional  brethren  throughout  the  country ;  and  he  was  constantly  in  re- 
ceipt of  letters  of  inquiry  from  physicians  who  were  desirous  to  locate  in  the 
growing  city  and  the  rapidly  developing  country  about  it  and  to  the  west- 
ward. 

Dr.  George  Elias  Shipnian  located  in  Chicago  in  1846.     He  had  practiced 


F.  F.  de  Derky,  M.  D. 

homoeopathy  in  Peoria  in  1844.  He  made  Chicago  his  permanent  home  and 
became  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  physicians  of  that  city.  In  October, 
1848,  he  started  a  monthly  journal  called  the  "  Northwestern  Journal  of 
Homoeopathia."  In  his  introduction  he  said :  "  The  increasing  number  of 
the  adherents  of  Homoeopathia  in  this  section  of  the  west,  makes  it  desirable 
that  a  periodical  should  be  established  here  for  the  further  dissemination 
of  these  great  truths.  "V\^e  hope  to  be  able  to  chronicle  many  a  triumph  gained 
in  these  western  valleys,  and  to  announce  many  a  truth  discovered,  confirmed 
or  elucidated  by  western  homoeopathic  practitioners." 

Dr.  Reuben  Ludlam,  a  young  man  of  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  who 


354  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

had  just  .fTraduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania, 
came  to  Chicago  in  1852.  He  made  for  himself  and  his  cause  a  name  as  a 
successful  physician  and  a  skillful  surgeon,  and  his  professional  life  continued 
until  his  death.  He  died  while  in  the  performance  of  a  difficult  operation  in 
the  room  where  he  had  so  faithfully  and  successfully  labored  to  relieve  human 
suffering.  On  coming  to  Chicago  Dr.  Ludlam  at  once  took  an  active  part  in 
the  councils  of  his  fellow  physicians,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  various  institutions  of  the  homoeopathic  school  for  which  Chicago 
always  has  been  famous.  Dr.  Nicholas  Francis  Cooke,  who  had  been  in  prac- 
tice in  Providence.  R.  L,  and  who  had  graduated  in  1854  from  the  Homoe- 
opathic ^Icdical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Chicago  in  1855.  He 
made  the  city  his  permanent  home  and  was  closely  identified  with  the  ad- 
vancement of  his  profession  in  the  state. 

Dr.  Alvan  Edmond  Small,  who  had  been  connected  as  a  professor  with 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  went  from  Philadelphia 
to  Chicago  in  1857,  making  that  city  his  permanent  home,  and  was  identified 
with  its  various  homoeopathic  institutions. 

Dr.  Gaylord  D.  Beebe,  who  had  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  L.  M.  Pratt 
of  Albany,  attended  the  Albany  Medical  College,  and  then  graduated  from 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857,  went  to  Chicago, 
at  once  taking  a  chair  in  the  new  Hahnemann  Medical  College  established 
there.  He  earned  a  reputation  as  a  surgeon  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 
He  made  Chicago  his  permanent  home. 

Dr.  Francis  F.  De  Derky  located  in  Chicago  in  1859.  He  was  a  native 
of  Germany,  born  June  11,  1833.  He  served  in  the  army  during  the  Hun- 
garian revolution  of  1848,  fighting  with  Kossuth  in  many  battles.  He  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine  at  Pesth.  During  the  Crimean  war  he  tendered 
his  services  to  England,  but  they  were  declined.  He  had  in  the  meantime 
become  interested  in  homoeopathy.  In  1856  he  was  sent  by  Great  Britain 
on  board  a  transport  to  Quebec,  Canada.  At  that  time  no  homoeopathic  phy- 
sicians were  there.  He  removed  to  Ypsilanti,  Michigan,  and  in  1857  was 
practicing  homoeopathy  in  that  town.  By  the  advice  of  Drs.  Ludlam  and 
Small,  he  entered  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  graduating  in  1861.  He  then 
returned  to  Quebec,  becoming  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  at  that  city.  He 
removed  thence  to  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  and  in  1872  went  to  Mobile,  Ala- 
bama, where  he  practiced  many  years.  He  went  from  there  to  S^an  Fran- 
cisco, and  later  to  Los  Angeles,  in  both  of  which  places  he  practiced.  He 
died  in  1900. 

Dr.  Willis  Dan  forth  was  identified  with  Chicago  homoeopathy,  locating  in 
that  city  in   1869. 

Dr.  Morton  M.  Eaton  settled  in  Chicago  in  1862.  He  was  the  first  resi- 
dent physician  of  the  city  hospital,  and  made  a  good  record  as  surgeon  dur- 
ing the  war.     He  afterward  removed  to  Cincinnati. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cation  Duncan's  name  is  identified  with  the  growth  of 
homoeopathy  in  Chicago.  He  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago  in  1866.  and  then  located  in  that  city.  For  several  years  he 
was  editor  of  the  "  Medical  Investigator,"  and  also  was  an  author  of  note. 

Dr.  Alfred  Brunson  McChetney,  who  had  been  in  practice  at  Alton,  re- 
moved to  Chicago.  Dr.  Adam  Miller,  who  was  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  Chi- 
cago physicians  at  the  time  of  his  death,  located  there  in  1862,  and  had  prac- 
ticed in  Springfield  and  in  Quincy.     He  died  in  1901. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


355 


Dr.  John  Davies,  after  practicing  at  Oshkosh  for  two  years,  and  travel- 
ing in  Europe,  located  in  Chicago. 

Dr.  George  Elias  Shipman,  who  had  graduated  in  medicine  in  New  York 
city  in  1843,  and  who  had  been  a  student  of  Dr.  Federal  Vanderburgh,  went 
to  Illinois  and  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Peoria,  the  most  im- 
portant town  in  the  military  tract.  This  was  in  1843,  but  in  1844  he  went  to 
Andover  to  look  after  a  large  tract  of  land  his  father  had  purchased  there. 
In  1846  he  removed  to  Chicago. 

Dr.  Moses  Troyer  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Peoria  in  1847, 
having  been  an  allopathic  practitioner  for  fourteen  years.  At  first  he  found 
it  difficult  to  persuade  people  of  the  truth  of  the  system,  but  in  1849,  during 


C.  Ferd.  Kucchlcr.  M.  D. 


the  cholera  epidemic,  he  was  so  successful  that  the  public  began  to  favor  his 
new  medical  methods. 

Dr.  Marvin  S.  Carr  located  in  Peoria  about  1850,  and  in  writing  concern- 
ing the  conditions  there  he  said :  "  I  do  not  know  as  I  can  better  employ  my 
few  moments  of  leisure  than  in  telling  you  a  few  things  in  regard  to  homoe- 
pathy  in  Peoria  and  Central  Illinois.  Regarding  the  tone  of  public  senti- 
ment in  Peoria,  there  are  many  families  and  those  of  the  very  first  class,  who 
are  firm  believers  in  our  system,  and  would  trust  no  other  under  any  circum- 
stances. There  is  another  class  of  our  citizens  who  have  become  disgusted 
with  the  allopathic  system,  but  know  little  or  nothing    about    homoeopathy; 


356  HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY 

these  are  rapidly  becoming  convinced  of  the  truth  of  our  system,  and  array- 
ing themselves  under  our  banner.  There  is  yet  another  class  who  are  bound 
by  ties  of  friendship  or  blood  to  build  up  some  wholesale  vendor  of  missives 
for  the  destruction  of  human  beings  on  scientific  principles,  who  will  assail 
every  friend  of  homoeopathy  with  the  virulence  of  endangered  craft.  These 
have  two  methods  of  opposition ;  they  will  commence  with  ridicule,  repeating 
the  time  honored  story  sung  by  our  grandmothers  of  Lakes  Wenner  and  Wet- 
ter, eating  pill  bags,  and  devouring  mountains  of  sugar  pills.  If  this  does 
not  succeed  they  will  then  turn  a  square  corner,  put  on  a  solemn  phiz,  and 
warn  them,  as  they  value  life  and  health,  to  beware  of  the  deadly  poisons  of 
the  homoeopaths.  But,  notwithstanding  all  this,  the  march  of  homoeopathy  is 
decidedly  onward,  so  much  so  that  one  of  our  city  editors,  although  an  allo- 
pathic physician,  has  of  late  published  an  article  decidedly  in  favor  of  homoe- 
opathy. I  have  just  returned  from  a  trip  west,  in  the  course  of  which  I  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Clapp,  who  is  located  at  Farmington,  twenty-four 
miles  west  of  here.  He  has  a  very  extensive  ride  and  is  very  successful.  I 
also  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Foote,  who  was  at  the  Chicago  conven- 
tion. He  is  occupying  the  ground  which  has  been  occupied  by  Dr.  Babcock 
(Galesburg).  The  good  cause  is  emphatically  in  the  ascendent  in  that  place, 
as  is  acknowledged  even  by  its  opponents.  At  Bloomington,  forty  miles  west 
of  here,  where  Mr.  Perry  is  operating,  there  are  a  great  many  strong  friends 
of  the  system,  and  they  feel  the  need  of  having  the  system  represented  by 
some  educated  physician.  I  have  had  many  pressing  invitations  to  change 
my  location  for  Bloomington,  and  I  know  of  no  opening  as  promising  as 
that."  Dr.  Carr  remained  in  Peoria  until  1858,  when  he  located  in  Washing- 
ton, and  in  1861  went  to  Galesburg.  In  1857  Drs.  Carr,  Chams,  D.  C.  Keyes, 
and  Moses  Troyer  were  practicing  in  Peoria. 

Dr.  Karl  Ferdinand  Kuechler,  a  native  of  Germany,  landed  in  New  York 
in  1846,  and  nine  months  afterward  located  in  Springfield.  He  had  been  a 
student  of  Dr.  J.  Pantillon  of  Berlin  in  1844.  In  1845  he  left  Berlin  for 
Bremerhaven,  and  embarked  in  the  "  Pacific,"  which  was  wrecked.  He 
lost  everything  but  the  clothing  he  wore.  He  returned  to  Bremer- 
haven, where  he  began  practice,  and  where  he  met  Dr.  Constantine  Her- 
ing,  who  with  his  bride  was  then  returning  to  America.  At  the  time  he 
settled  in  Springfield  he  was  the  only  homoeopathic  physician  between  Chi- 
cago and  St.  Louis,  and  but  one  person  in  Springfield  knew  anything  about 
the  new  system.  However,  in  a  month's  time  his  success  was  such  that 
he  asked  Dr.  Bernard  Cyriax  to  become  his  partner.  Dr.  Kuechler  was  for 
many  years  identified  with  homaopathy  in  Springfield,  and  he  died  there  De- 
cember  10,  1897. 

Dr.  E.  C.  Bernard  Cyriax  was  a  native  of  Germany.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1843  ^^'^^  located  in  Baltimore.  While  there  he  was  led  to 
examine  the  principles  of  homoeopathy  and  became  a  believer  in  their  truth. 
Invited  by  Dr.  Kuechler,  he  went  to  Springfield  in  1847,  remaining  there  un- 
til 1848,  when  the  ill  health  of  his  wife  compelled  his  return  to  Baltimore. 
In  1857  he  removed  10  Illinois,  locating  at  Atlanta,  in  Logan  county.  In 
1 86 1  he  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Dr.  R.  E.  W.  Adams  settled  in  Springfield  in  1853,  but  about  1858  went 
to  St.  Louis,  Mo.     He  died  in  Springfield,  December  15,  1869. 

Dr.  E.  Potter  practiced  in  Springfield  in  the  sixties.     His  death  occurred 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  357. 

there  January  12,  1868.  He  had  been  in  practice  for  twenty-six  years,  fif- 
teen of  which  he  had  practiced  homoeopathy. 

Dr.  W.  C.  Anthony  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Princeton,  Bureau  county, 
in  the  spring  of  1850,  and  made  that  town  his  permanent  home.  He  Hved 
to  be  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  Ilhnois,  dying  in  1891. 

Dr.  D.  S.  Smith,  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Chicago,  loaned  Dr.  Israel 
Shipman  Pelton  Lord,  of  Batavia,  a  copy  of  Hahnemann's  Organon,  and  ad- 
vised him  to  study  the  system.  Dr.  Lord  had  become  disgusted  with  the  pre- 
vailing practice  and  was  inclined  to  relinquish  it,  but  finding  the  homoeo- 
pathic remedies  successful,  began  to  use  them.  In  1849  he  went  overland 
to  California,  and  his  treatment  of  the  numerous  cases  of  cholera  while  on 
the  journey  was  successful,  losing  only  one  patient.  Dr.  Lord  introduced 
homoeopathy  in  Batavia,  Geneva  and  St.  Charles. 

Dr.  Levi  E.  Ober  located  in  Moline,  Rock  Island  county,  in  1850.  At 
that  time  he  was  the  only  homoeopathic  physician  in  that  part  of  the  state,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  visit  patients  at  long  distances,  as  far  as  Rock  Island  and 
Davenport.  In  a  letter  he  wrote :  "  When  I  went  to  Moline  I  was  not  aware 
that  there  was  a  homoeopathic  doctor  within  one  hundred  miles,  and  I  think 
there  was  but  one  or  two  homoeopathic  families  in  the  town.  During  my  stay, 
every  town  in  that  region  was  supplied.  For  some  two  or  three  years  I 
fought  the  battle  alone.  The  allopaths  tried  to  crush  me  out  but  the  people 
became  converted  and  stood  by  me.  I  went  through  two  seasons  of  cholera 
without  a  homoeopath  m  reach  to  help  me,  but  homoeopathy  triumphed  and 
received  a  good  verdict  from  the  Scandinavian  missionary  among  whose  peo- 
ple the  cholera  mostly  raged."  In  1857  Dr.  Ober  went  to  La  Crosse,  Wis- 
consin. 

Dr.  Daniel  Coe  was  in  practice  in  St.  Charles  in  1850.  He  had  attended 
lectures  at  Rush  Medical  College  in  Chicago  in  1849-50.  and  previous  to  the 
opening  of  the  session  1850-51,  he  wrote  to  the  college  authorities  avowing 
belief  in  homoeopathy  and  asking  if  the  college  would  graduate  him  if  he 
would  comply  with  the  requirements.  The  reply  was  "  I  am  directed  to  in- 
form you  that  the  faculty  of  Rush  Medical  College  will  not  recommend  you 
to  the  trustees  for  a  degree  so  long  as  they  have  any  reason  to  suppose  that  you 
entertain  the  doctrines  and  intend  to  trifle  with  human  life  on  the  principles 
you  avow  in  your  letter." 

Dr.  McCann  Dunn  was  an  early  practitioner  in  Bloomington.  It  is  said 
that  his  first  patient  was  a  man  whom  he  found  sick  with  fever,  and  took  him 
to  his  own  house,  put  him  in  his  own  bed  and  nursed  him  until  he  recovered. 
He  was  called  the  father  of  homoeopathy  in  that  region  and  his  practice  was 
very  extensive.     He  died  in  Bloomington,  February  27,  1882. 

Dr.  John  Emory  Voak  began  practice  in  Bloomington  about  1861.  He 
had  previously  been  established  at  Havana,  Mason  county,  going  to  that  town 
from  Independence.  Iowa,  in  1859. 

Drs.  J.  Babcock,  H.  C.  Foote  and  R.  G.  Nye  were  practicing  in  Gales- 
burg  as  earlv  as  1857.  About  t86o  Dr.  Marvin  S.  Carr,  who  formerly  had 
been  practicing  in  Peoria,  went  to  Galcsburg.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  he 
offered  himself  as  a  surgeon,  but  on  account  of  his  homoeopathic  princi-ples 
his  services  were  declined.  He  raised  a  company  of  cavalry,  was  made  cap- 
tain, and  after  many  vicissitudes  of  war  and  ill  health  he  finally  resumed  prac- 
tice in  Galesburg.  Dr.  William  Walter  Porter  settled  in  Kewanee  in  1865, 
remained  one  vear  and  thch  went  to  Galcsburg. 


358  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Dr.  James  Melrose  was  the  pioneer  homceopath  in  Canton,  Fulton  county. 
He  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1844,  but  had  been  an  old  school  pi:ac- 
titioner.  In  1850  he  wrote :  "  Homoeopathic  practice  in  this  place  is  rapidly 
increasing,  and  embraces  among  its  adherents  many  of  the  most  influential 
and  intelligent  inhabitants,  who  not  only  see  the  evil  effects  of  the  drugging 
and  harsh  system  of  allopathia.  but  are  much  interested  in  recommending  to 
others  the  gentle  and  efficacious  application  of  the  homoeopathic  system  of 
medical  practice.  These  eft'ects  have  followed  the  introduction  of  homoeopathia 
here,  notwithstanding  the  united  opposition  of  allopaths  and  their  cry  of  hum- 
bug and  nonsense."    Dr.  Melrose  died  in  Canton,  July  5,  i860. 

Dr.  Alfred  Brunson  McChetney  located  in  Canton  in  1853.  He  had  stud- 
ied medicine  with  Dr.  John  Babcock  at  Galesburg,  and  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1853.  He  attended  a  course  and  received  a  diploma 
from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1856.  On  his 
return  he  located  in  Quincy  and  remained  there  two  years.  He  then  prac- 
ticed a  few  months  with  Dr.  George  W.  Foote  in  Kewanee,  Henry  county,  and 
in  1859  located  in  Alton.  During  and  after  the  war,  he  was  for  several  years 
a  pension  surgeon.     He  returned  to  Quincy  in  1867. 

Dr.  Leonard  Pratt  was  a  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Lanark.  He  stud- 
ied medicine  with  Dr.  L.  C.  Belding  of  Le  Raysville,  Pa.,  and  attended  lec- 
tures at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia.  In  1843  his  preceptor 
and  himself  decided  to  experiment  in  order  to  test  and  prove  the  utter  in- 
sufficiency of  homoeopathy.  The  result  was  that  both  became  homoeopathic 
converts.  Dr.  Pratt  practiced  for  a  time  in  Towanda,  Pa.,  and  in  1852  grad- 
uated from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  and  then  went 
to  Illinois.  He  located  in  Lanark  and  later  went  to  Wheaton,  where  he  set- 
tled permanently. 

Dr.  Perry  E.  Johnson  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Alton  in  1852.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1852. 

Dr.  John  Coleman  Morgan  went  from  Philadelphia  to  Illinois  and  set- 
lied  in  Hamilton  in  1856.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Alton  and  practiced  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  war.  when  he  served  as  surgeon. 

Dr.  Ephraim  Parsons  settled  for  practice  in  Alton  in  1856,  and  in  i860 
removed  to  Pike's  Peak.  In  1866  he  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medi- 
cal College  of  Chicago  and  then  settled  for  practice  in  Kewanee. 

Dr.  Maro  McLean  Reed,  who  had  been  practicing  allopathy  in  Jackson- 
ville since  1830,  adopted  homoeopathy  in  1848.  His  attention  was  called  to 
the  subject  by  Dr.  Burritt.  Vv'ho  had  become  a  convert  through  the  influence 
of  Dr.  John  F.  Gray  of  New  York. 

Dr.  Edward  Augustus  Gilbert,  a  graduate  in  1847  of  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege, Qiicago,  after  practicing  allopathy  in  Ottawa  and  Waukegan,  located 
in  Elgin  in  1852  and  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  In  1856  he  went 
to  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Dr.  E.  H.  Clapp  writes  in  March,  1850,  from  Farmington  as  follows : 
"  Homoeopathy  is  steadily  gaining  ground  in  this  part  of  the  state.  If 
homoe')pathic  physicians  would  only  do  their  duty  a  great  good  would  much 
sooner  be  brought  about.  I  hold  it  to  be  the  duty  of  every  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician to  keep  at  least  one  student.  If  we  cannot  convert  allopaths  and  get 
them  into  the  right  system,  we  can.  in  this  way,  supply  their  places  with 
young  men  who  will  practice  the  true  system  and  let  the  old  allopaths  off  to 
California  for  gold.     I  have  two  young  men  with  me;  one  of  them  has  been 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


359 


in  Cincinnati  at  the  Eclectic  School  the  winter  past,  and  will  practice  with 
me  this  summer.  The  Eclectic  School  has  probably  got  the  strongest  profes- 
sorship, the  most  thorough  course  of  study  and  critical  examinations,  of  any 
medical  college  m  the  west.  Its  professors  are  honest  and  as  such  (two  of 
them  already  strong  homceopaths)  it  cannot  be  long  before  it  will  be  de- 
cidedly a  homoeopathic  college.  It  is  known  that  a  great  number  of  students 
left  there  this  spring  determined  to  try  our  remedies,  and  we  know,  if  they 
give  them  a  fair  trial,  what  the  result  will  be." 

Dr.  Nathan  Fay  Prentice  settled  in  Freeport  in  1852.  He  was  a  student 
of  Dr.  Hilem  Bennett  of  Moravia,  N.  Y.,  and  in  185 1  joined  the  westward 
tide  of  emigration  and  went  to  Rockton,  and  thence  in  the  next  year  to  Free- 


Leonard  Pratt,  M.   I). 


port.  In  1857  Dr.  Nelson  D.  Beebe  located  in  Freeport,  where  he  began  to 
investigate  homoeopathy,  adopted  it,  and  then  went  to  Warren.  In  1870  he 
returned  to  Freeport,  where  he  continued  until  his  death,  December  22,  1872. 

Dr.  John  H.  Beaumont  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
of  Chicago  in  1864,  and  began  to  practice  in  Freeport. 

Dr.  Adam  Miller,  who  was  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  Chicago  physicians 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  went  to  Quincy  in  1851.  He  said:  "The  cholera 
had  broken  out  in  a  fearful  form  the  week  before  I  arrived  there.  The  people 
and  the  doctors  were  alarmed.  It  was  in  June,  1851.  The  word  was  soon 
spread  through  the  city  that  a  new  doctor  had  arrived  and  that  he  knew  how 


360  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

to  treat  cholera.  The  first  day  after  my  arrival  I  had  three  patients,  the  sec- 
ond six,  and  in  two  weeks  had  all  I  could  attend  to.  I  cured  several  that  the 
Catholic  priest  had  annointed  and  prepared  for  death.  He  was  so  vexed 
about  it  that  he  denounced  me  from  his  pulpit  and  warned  people  against 
employing  me  as  their  physician,  and  said  it  must  be  some  black  art  or  work 
of  the  devil  that  allowed  people  to  get  well  after  he  had  prepared  them  for 
death." 

Dr.  John  Adams  Wakeman,  after  practicing  allopathy  for  fifteen  years, 
became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy,  attended  lectures  and  in  1853  graduated 
from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  He  located  in 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1859  and  then  went  to  Centralia. 

Dr.  Daniel  Arnold  Cheever  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in 
Pekin  in  1854.     In  1869  he  located  in  Champaign. 

Dr.  Edwin  M.  McAfifee  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1855,  and  located  in  Mount  Carroll.  He  was  a  student 
of  Dr.  Leonard  Pratt  and  an  examining  surgeon  in  the  army,  pension  exam- 
iner, and  examiner  for  many  insurance  companies. 

Dr.  Theodore  Bacmeister  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania  in  1856,  and  located  in  Toulon. 

Dr.  Alexander  Pollock  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Danville  in  i860.  When 
he  located  there  few  families  knew  anything  about  the  system,  and  he  was 
judged  at  first  by  the  size  of  the  dose  he  administered.  He  served  sixteen 
months  as  lieutenant  during  the  war  of  1861-65.  When  he  entered  the  army 
he  took  with  him  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  half  ounce  vials  of  medicine, 
with  alcohol,  sugar  of  milk,  etc.  His  colonel  had  faith  in  the  homoeopathic 
Fystem  and  for  that  reason  the  young  doctor  was  allowed  to  carry  his  medi- 
cines in  the  army  wagon.     He  practiced  with  good  results  among  the  men. 

Dr.  Aaron  P.  Holt  practiced  eclecticism  in  Andover,  Mass,  from  1835  to 
1840.  kept  an  infirmary  in  Lowell  until  1847,  then  removed  to  Palmyra,  Wis- 
consin, and  after  a  short  stay  went  to  Lyndon.  In  1849  ^^^  was  attacked  with 
pulmonary  hemorrhage.  While  sick  the  subject  of  homoeopathy  was  much 
in  his  mind,  and  on  his  recovery  h-e  purchased  homoeopathic  books  and  a  case 
of  medicines.  In  1850  he  began  to  try  the  medicines  on  his  patients,  with 
such  good  results  that  he  soon  discarded  the  old  practice.  He  was  the  only 
homoeopathic  physician  within  forty  miles  of  Lyndon,  and  his  practice  was 
widely  extended.  He  graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic 
Medicine  in  1856.    He  remained  in  Lyndon  until  his  death,  March  6,  1876. 

Dr.  Willis  Danforth  located  in  Joliet  in  1854,  and  while  practicing  there 
was  converted  to  homoeopathy  and  began  to  practice  the  system  in  t86o.  He 
afterward  went  to  Chicago. 

Dr.  H.  L.  Foster  located  in  Joliet  in  1857,  going  there  from  Kecne.  N. 
H.     He  died  September  10,  1867. 

Dr.  John  Roth  Gulby  studied  medicine  in  England,  came  to  this  country 
in  1847,  graduated  from  a  hvdropathic  college  in  New  York,  went  west  and 
opened  water  cures  in  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  Finally, 
on  investigating  the  principles  of  homoeopathy,  he  was  led  to  embrace  that 
system,  and  then  located  in  Geneva. 

Dr.  Aaron  W.  Burnside  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Relviderc  as  early 
as  1856.  Dr.  A.  P.  Chase  went  from  Massachusetts  to  Amboy  in  1855.  ^^ 
was  an  allopathic  physician  and  continued  to  practice  that  system  for  two 
years  more,  when  he  became  a  homoeopathist. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


361 


Dr.  Simeon  R.  Breed,  who  had  been  an  eclectic  physician,  adopted  homoe- 
opathy in  i860.  He  was  a  practitioner  at  Du  Quoin.  Dr.  John  B.  Vivion  prac- 
ticed allopathy  for  thirty  years,  and  in  1866  was  converted  to  homoeopathy. 
He  practiced  at  Usra. 

Dr.  Abner  Bartlett  was  an  early  practitioner  in  Aurora,  commencing 
there  as  early  as  1855. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Moffit,  who  had  previously  made  herself  acquainted  with 
the  theory  and  practice  of  homoeopathy  and  who  was  living-  at  Chillicothe,  by 
the  death  of  her  husband  was  deprived  of  support,  and  opened  a  store  for  the 
sale  of  homoeopathic  books  and  medicines,  and  at  the  same  time  began  to  prac- 
tice homoeopathy. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Illinois  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originallv  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 


1857  Adams.  L.  L.  x     JoHet  1857 

1843  Adams,  R.  E.  W.  *     Springfield  1846 

1857  Allen,   M.  V.  x     Maquon  1857 

1857  Anderson,  Dr.  x     Lockport  1856 

1857  Antis,   J.   x      Morris  1S51 

1850  Anthony,  W.  C.     Princeton  1857 

1857  Auringer,  C.  x     Wilmington  1855 

1856  Bacmeister,  Theodore  Toulon  1857 
1855  Babcock,  John     Galesbiirg  1857 

1857  Baker.  R.  F.  x  Moline  1856 
i860  Barker,  W.  C.  Wankegan  1857 
1855  Bartlett,  Abner  R.  Aurora  1852 
1857  Beebe,  Gaylord  D.  Chicago  1857 
1857  Beebe,  Nelson  D.  Freeport  1857 
18:^7  Bell.  S.  X  Springfield  1854 
1857  Belding,  L.  C.  x  Polo  1877 
1857  Beach,  J.  S.  Chicago  1857 
1859  Bernreuter,  Conrad  Nashville  1857 
1850  Boardman,  Henry  K.  *  Chicago  1855 
i860  Breed,  Simeon  R.  *  Du  Quoin  1850 
1857  Bradley,  H.  x  Peru  1857 
1857  Briggs,  H.  W.  X  Atlanta  1857 
1857  Briggs,  Dr.  x  Eminence  •  1852 
1855  Burnsidc.  Aaron  W  *  Belviderc  1851 
1857  Burbank,  J.  x  Polo  1857 
1857  Casey,  E.  A.  x  Winchester  1857 
18^0  Carr.  Marvin  S.  *  Peoria  1850 
1857  Chams,  Dr.  x  Peoria  1857 
1854  Cheever.  Daniel  A.  Pekin  1857 
i8^6  Clark,  R.  V.  Rockford  18^4 
1857  Clarke,  H.  B.  x  Rockford  1857 
1857  Clapp,  E.  H.  X  Rome  i85;2 
T857  Chase,  A.  P.  *  Amboy  1857 
i8=;7  Chase,  M.  J.  x  Macomb  1856 
1850  Coe,  Matthew  D.  *  St.  Charles  1857 
1857  Cobaugh,  G.  x  Ellenwood  1844 
T857  Coules,  E.  W.  X  Rock  Island  1857 
1857  Cooley,  R.  x  Marengo  1857 
T853  Colton,  D.  Alphonso  Chicago  1857 
1857  Cosner,  J.  x  Argo  1857 
1854  Cooke,  Nicholas  F.  *     Chicago  1857 


Crom,  J.   Cheever  x  '  Milledgeville 
Cyriax,  E.  C.  B.  *     Springfield 
Davis,  George  x     Ellisville 
Danforth,  Willis  *     Joliet 
Davis,  Charles     Henry 
Day,  C.  E.  x     Winonn 
De    Derky,    Francis    F.      Chicago 
Dodge,  D.   X     Rockford 
Douglas,  L.  A.  X     Chicago 
Dunn,   McCann  x     Bloomington 
Elben,  R.   x     Springfield 
Evans,  John  M.     Farmington 
Farley,  R.  D.  x     Jerseyville 
Flowers,  A.   W.   x     Bloomington 
Foote,  George  W.     Kewanee 
Foote.  H.  C.  X     Galesh'irs 
Foster,   Henry  L.     Joliet 
Gilbert,   C,   x     Elgin 
Goodhue.  Oliver   A.     Rockford 
Graves,  S.  W.     Chicago 
Green,  J.  x     Rockford 
Gregg,  M.   x     Magnolia 
Guilbert,    Edward    A.    *     Elgin 
Gulby,  John  Both  *     Geneva 
Haven,    Dr.    x      Griggsville 
Hobson,  R.  M.   x     Freeport 
Holt,  Aaron  P.  *    Lyndon 
Hostetter,    A.    x     Mount    Carroll 
Humphreys,  W.  x    Geneva 
Jager,    C.    A.     Waukegan 
Johnson,  D.  W.  x     Alton 
Johnson,   Perry  E.     Alton 
Jones,  J.  B.  x     Belvidere 
Kellogg,  John  L.  x     Chicago 
Kelly,  C.  V.  x    Chicago 
Keuchler,   Carl   F.     Springfield 
Kendall.   S.   B.   x     Wyanet 
Keyes,  D.  C.  x     Peoria 
Lathrop,  E.  x     Rock  Island 
Leshrey,   S.  x     Rock  Island 
Le  Rov,  F.  L.  x     Roscoe 


362 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1848  Lord,  Israel  S.  P.  *    Batavia  1857 

1852  Ludlam,  Reuben  Chicago  1857" 
1857  Lucas,  A.  G.  x     Toulon  1859 

1853  Mason,  Stephen  R.  *  Sheffield  1857 
1857  Martin,   Dr.  x     Deep  River  1857 

1855  McAffee,  Edwin  M.  Mount  Carroll  1856 
1852  McChetney,  Alfred  M.  Canton  1843 
1857  McFarland,  R.  M-  x  McComb  1852 
1857  McKesson,  J.  M.  x  Avon  1855 
1844  Melrose,  James  *  Canton  i860 
1857  Moore.  John  x    Winona  1843 

1856  Morgan,  John  C.  *  Hamilton  1845 
1847  Miller,  Adam  *     Quincy  1850 

1857  Myers,  A.  B.  L.  x  Fulton  City  1857 
1843  Moffit,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Chilicothe  1857 
1857  Nelson,  J.  x  Canton  1857 
1857  Nichols,  E.  G.  x     Bloomington  1857 

1854  Nye,  Richard  G.  Galesburg  1842 
1850  Ober,  Levi  E.  Moline  1847 
1857  Parcels,  Dr.  x  Altona  1856 
1857  Parcels,  Dr.  Altona  i860 
1857  Patchin,   U.   R.     Warsaw  1854 

1856  Parsons,  Ephriam  *     Lapier  1857 

1857  Pratt,  Dr.  S.  M.  x  Mount  Carroll  1858 
1857  Palmer,   W.   K.  x     Millidgeville  1857 

1852  Pratt,   Leonard     Wheaton  1859 

1847  Prentice,    Nathan    F.     Rockton  1866 

1855  Potter,  E.  *  Springfield  1853 
1842  Pitney,  Aaron  *  Chicago  1857 
1842  Pierce,   Dr.   *     Morris  1854 

1856  Porter,  William  W.  *  Abingdon  1859 
i860  Pollock,   Alexander     Danville  1859 

1853  Rawson,  Mrs.  C.  L.     Chicago  1857 

1857  Renton,  Dr.  x  Cherry  Valley  1857 
1857  Reynolds,  H.  W.  x     Rockford  1857 

1848  Reed,  Maro  McLean  Jacksonville  1857 
1857  Roberts,  E-  H.  x  Jerseyville  1857 
1857  Rowland,  J.  G.  x     Quincy  1855 


Rose,  A.  x     Decatur 

Rux,  M.  L.  L.  X    Jacksonville 

Rucker,   John   M.     Jacksonville 

Schaffer,   E.   x     Goshen 

Scofield,  Joseph  x     Oak  Creek 

Shirley,  G.  Y.  x    Jacksonville 

Shipman,  George  E.     Chicago 

Shearer,  John  H.     Springfield 

Slocum,   Mortimer     Chicago 

Sloan,  Henry  S.     Rockford 

Smith,  David  S.  *     Chicago 

Small,  Alvan  Edmond     Chicago 

Seymour,   Stephen  *     Chicago 

Stanley,   G.   x     Elgin 

Sterns,  O.   E.  x     Freeport 

Stein,  L.  x     Chicago 

Stiles,  H.  R.  X    Galena 

Temple,  John  T.  *    Galena 

Troyer,   Moses   *     Peoria 

Thorne,  Joshua     Springfield 

Tyrer,   James   D.   *     Jacksonville 

Toepfer,  C.     Chicago 

Ulrich,   J.   X     Elgin 

Van  Liew,  Fred  H.     Aurora 

Vallette,  William  x     Elgin 

Voak,  John  Emory  *     Havana 

Vivion,  John   B.   *     Ursa 

Wakeman,  John  Adams  *     Centralia 

Wait,  W.   S.  x 

Weed,   Theodore  J.     Bloomington 

Westervelt,  P.  A.  x     Chicago 

Wack,  P.  X 

Wildey,  J.   B.  x     Pekin 

Wilcox,  J.  M.  X     Galena 

Wilcox,  Dr.  X     Quincy 

Wilde,  Dr.  x     Spring  Lake 

Williams,  C.  x     Sycamore 

Williams,  S.  Bolivar    Freeport 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  363 


CHAPTER  XXVHI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MISSOURI. 

By  Thomas  •Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Early  Homoeopathy  in  Missouri — Subsequent  Growth  of  the  System — Dr.  John  Temple 
and  his  Works — Medical  Societies  and  Hospitals — Reminiscences  and  Lists  of  Early 
Homoeopathic  Practitioners, 

When  it  is  remembered  that  homoeopathy  was  first  planted  in  Missouri  in 
1844,  and  that  the  total  number  of  practitioners  of  the  school  in  the  state 
in  1904  was  two  hundred  and  eighty-six,  it  is  quite  clear  that  the  system  of 
Hahnemann  must  have  been  exceedingly  popular  with  the  people  of  that  south- 
western country  three  score  years  ago.  And  what  is  equally  gratifying  is 
the  fact  that  nearly  all  the  practitioners  of  the  school  in  Missouri  during  the 
last  half  century  have  been  the  product  of  homoeopathic  medical  colleges 
within  the  state,  located  in  the  two  great  commercial  cities  of  St.  Louis  and 
Kansas  City,  the  former  on  the  eastern  and  the  latter  on  the  western  border 
of  the  state. 

History  records  that  Dr.  John  Temple  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  the 
state ;  that  he  was  a  convert  of  Dr.  Smith  of  Chicago,  and  that  he  went  down 
the  Mississippi  to  St.  Louis  in  1844  and  ranged  himself  alongside  the  allo- 
paths in  that  city  and  far  outdid  them  in  efficient  work  during  the  prevalence 
of  the  cholera  epidemic  which  ravaged  the  region  five  years  afterward.  The 
allopaths,  however,  did  not  take  kindly  to  the  warm  welcome  extended  Hahne- 
mann's disciples  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  city,  and  had  recourse  to  all  manner 
of  expedients  to  arouse  a  feeling  against  Dr.  Temple  and  his  single  profes- 
sional associate  who  fought  the  battle  alone,  both  against  disease  and  jealous 
opposition. 

This  feeling  of  animosity  manifested  itself  soon  after  Dr.  Temple  settled 
in  St.  Louis,  and  found  inspiration  in  the  faculty  of  the  medical  college  of  the 
city,  and  was  persistently  followed  by  all  old  school  practitioners  and  also  by  the 
press  and  medical  journals,  both  of  which  re-echoed  all  the  malicious  rantings 
of  the  leaders  of  the  disgruntled  crew.  In  1845  the  professor  of  theory  and 
practice  in  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College  made  an  attack  against  homoeopathy 
and  denounced  it  in  unmeasured  terms.  Naturally  a  man  of  spirit,  and  sure 
of  his  ground,  Dr.  Temple  prepared  an  answer  to  the  tirade  of  abuse  heaped 
upon  his  school,  but  neither  of  the  two  medical  journals  then  published  in  the 
city  would  receive  his  defense  for  publication,  nor  would  the  city  newspapers 
allow  him  the  use  of  their  columns.  He  then  published  his  answer  in  pam- 
phlet and  distributed  it  throughout  the  city.  In  speaking  of  the  event  in  later 
years.  Dr.  Temple  said :  "  I  consider  that  publication  the  first  grand  impulse 
to  the  progress  of  homoeopathy  in  St.  Louis ;  all  classes  then  tried  it,"  In 
July,  1848,  the  worthy  pioneer  established  a  homoeopathic  publication  called 
the  "  Southwestern  Homoeopathic  Journal  and  Review,"  which  was  continued 
through  three  volumes. 


364  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


MISSOURI  INSTITUTE  OF  HOMOEOPATHY. 

As  early  as  June,  1853,  when  there  were  hardly  more  than  a  dozen  homoe- 
opathic practitioners  in  all  Missouri,  a  state  medical  society  was  formed,  with 
Dr.  Thomas  Houghton  president  and  Dr.  T.  G.  Comstock  secretary.  The 
society  was  well  grounded,  but  from  lack  of  numerical  strength  was  dissolved 
in  the  course  of  a  few  years.  The  second  homoeopathic  medical  society  in  the 
state  was  formed  in  St.  Louis  in  1867  and  took  the  name  of  its  predecessor, 
and  like  it,  was  short  lived.  The  third  attempt  in  the  same  direction  was  more 
successful,  and  resulted  in  the  organization,  in  1876,  of  the  Missouri  Homoe- 
opathic Institute,  although  in  ordinary  designation  the  old  society  name  still 
obtains.  This  society  has  maintained  a  healthful  existence  to  the  present 
time,  and  is  one  of  the  strongest  homoeopathic  bodies  in  the  southwest,  hav- 
ing about  250  members. 

The  Good  Samaritan  Hospital  of  St.  Louis  was  incorporated  in  1859,  ^"^ 
occupied  in  1861,  and  was  the  outgrowth  of  the  still  older  Protestant  Hos- 
pital of  St.  Louis,  the  history  of  which  dated  back  to  the  early  part  of  1857, 
when  it  was  founded  largely  through  the  efforts  of  the  pastor  of  St.  Peter's 
Lutheran  church.  During  a  part  of  the  civil  war  period,  the  successor  hos- 
pital was  occupied  by  the  government  as  a  military  hospital,  and  was  restored 
to  its  trustees  in  1863.     It  still  exists  and  has  accomplished  much  good  work. 

The  Children's  Hospital,  St.  Louis,  exclusively  homoeopathic  so  far  as 
its  medical  department  is  concerned,  was  incorporated  May  6.  1879,  ^"*^  ^^^ 
been  maintained  to  the  present  time ;  and  while  its  location  has  occasionally 
changed  its  operation  never  has  been  seriously  interrupted. 

The  Women's  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  St.  Louis  was  incorporated  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1 891,  and  was  established  almost  primarily  to  furnish  bedside  and 
clinical  instruction  for  the  benefit  of  women  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the 
city  as  well  as  to  relieve  suff^ering  humanity. 

The  Free  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  St.  Louis  was  founded  in  1896.  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  St.  Louis  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

The  Kansas  City  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  founded  in  the  early  part 
of  the  year  1889,  and  was  incorporated  in  December  following.  The  nurses' 
school  was  opened  in  the  same  year. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Training  School  of  Kansas  City  was 
founded  in  1899,  and  incorporated  in  190G. 

The  State  Asylum  for  Insane  at  Fulton  was  placed  in  homoeopathic  medi- 
cal charge  on  April  12,  1897,  and  was  restored  to  allopathic  supervision  in 
1901. 

REMINISCENCES. 

In  1846  Dr.  Spaulding  went  from  New  York  and  located  in  St. 
Louis,  where  he  died  two  years  later.  The  same  year  Dr.  Ira  Vail 
went  from  Kentucky  to  St.  Louis,  remaining  a  short  time  and  going 
thence  to  New  Orleans.  Dr.  John  Grainger  located  in  St.  Louis  in  1847. 
He  had  been  located  in  New  York  since  1833.  He  remained  in  St.  Louis 
two  or  three  years  and  then  returned  to  the  east. 

Dr.  Thomas  J.  Vastine,  who  had.  been  practicing  allopathy  in  Pennsyl- 
vania since  1829,  and  who  had  become  convinced  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy 
in  1847.  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania 
in   185 1,  and  immediately  went  to  St.  Louis,  associating  himself  in  practice 


I 


HISTORY  OF  HO^ICEOPATHY 


365 


with  Dr.  Temple.  He  practiced  in  that- city  until  his  death  in  1872.  Dr.  J. 
D.  Steinestel,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  an  early  practitioner  in  St.  Louis. 
He  died  of  cholera  in  1849. 

In  1846  Dr.  Thomas  Houghton  went  to  St.  Louis  with  his  partner,  Dr. 
Hufif,  who  died  the  next  year.  Dr.  Houghton  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
development  of  homoeopathv  during  his  stay  in  the  city.  In  March,  1850,  he 
became  editor  of  the  "  Southvv^estern  Homceopathic  Journal  and  Review." 

Dr.  Thomas  Griswold  Comstock  graduated  from  the  St.  Louis  Medical 
College  in  1849,  ^"^  then  studied  homoeopathy.  He  began  practice  in  1850, 
and  in  185 1  received  a  degree  from,  the  Homceopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  then  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  soon  established  a  large 
practice. 


T.  G.  Comstock,  M.  D. 


Dr.  Temple  went  to  California  in  1849,  remained  there  two  years  and 
then  returned  to  St.  Louis.  In  January,  1854,  "  The  Family  Journal  of  Homoe- 
opathy "  was  started,  and  after  it  had  been  issued  a  few  months  Dr.  Tem- 
ple became  one  of  its  editors,  and  later  its  sole  editor. 

A  noteworthy  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  St.  Louis  was  Dr.  H.  Ebers, 
who  in  1853  was  chosen  by  Col.  Fremont  to  accompany  him  in  his  exploring 
expedition  to  California.  He  was  absent  several  months  and  then  returned 
to  his  practice  in  St.  Louis. 

A  well  known  practitioner  of  St.  Louis  was  Dr.  Edward  C.  Franklin,  who 
graduated  from  the  University  of  New  York  in  1S46.  and  practiced  allopathy 


366  HISTORY  OF  HOMOIOPATHY 

in  several  places.  He  went  to  California  in  185 1  and  was  physician  of  the 
Panama  railroad.  He  was  attacked  with  fever  and  found  a  cure  in  homoe- 
opathic medicines  and  treatment.  This  impelled  him  to  turn  to  homoeopathy, 
and  he  began  its  practice  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  About  1859  he  located  in  St. 
Louis.  Dr.  Franklin  was  celebrated  as  an  army  surgeon,  wrote  a  book  on 
surgerv.  and  was  for  a  time  in  charge  of  a  United  States  hospital  during  the 
civil  war.     He  made  his  home  in  St.  Louis,  dying  there  December  10,  1885. 

Dr.  \Mlliam  Tod  Helmuth  went  from  Philadelphia  to  St.  Louis  in  1858, 
and  became  connected  with  the  colleges  and  ])racticed  there  several  years,  un- 
til in  1870.  when  he  removed  to  New  York  city.  While  in  St.  Louis  Dr.  Hel- 
muth published  the  "  Western  Homoeopathic  Observer." 

An  interesting  event  in  early  homoeopathic  annals  in  St.  Louis  was  the 
trial  of  Dr.  George  S.  Walker  and  his  expulsion  from  the  St.  Louis  Medi- 
cal Society  for  practicing  homoeopathy.  He  graduated  from  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1852  and  went  at  once  to  St.  Louis.  He 
had  practiced  previous  to  that  time  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  in  California,  and 
began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  1859.  He  had  experimented  with  homoe- 
(ipathic  remedies  for  some  time,  but  it  was  not  until  1861  that  he  was  cited  to 
appear  before  the  allopathic  society  to  answer  the  charge  of  practicing  homoe- 
opathy. In  a  carefully  prepared  paper  Dr.  Walker  reviewed  his  own  life  and 
gave  his  reasons  for  embracing  the  new  medical  system.  In  1861  he  went 
into  the  army  as  surgeon  of  volunteers,  remained  two  years  and  tHen  returned 
to  private  practice. 

Dr.  Jacques  Ravold  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
of  Missouri  in  i860  and  established  himself  in  St.  Louis.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  during  the  war  as  surgeon. 

Dr.  William  Curran  was  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Hannibal,  having 
introduced  the  system  there  in  1856.  He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  a  shoemaker  before  taking  up  the  practice  of  medicine.  At 
all  events  he  was  a  careful  prescriber  and  built  up  a  successful  practice.  For 
a  time  Dr.  Arnold  was  a  partner  with  Dr.  Curran.  Another  pioneer  in 
Hannibal  was  Dr.  George  Bright  Buih  (or  Birch,  as  the  name  appears  in  the 
lists  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy),  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  graduated  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati  in  1856. 
While  at  the  institute  he  obtained  his  first  introduction  to  homoeopathy  by 
a  fellow  student.  He  was  in  the  army  as  surgeon  during  the  war,  and  in 
July,  1863,  located  in  Hannibal.  In  1867  he  was  sent  as  commissioner  to  the 
Paris  exposition,  and  was  a  member  of  ]\Iark  Twain's  famous  "  Quaker  City  " 
excursion.    He  died  in  India  in  1873. 

Dr.  John  Fee  practiced  in  Hannibal  in  1865.  going  from  there  to  Macon. 
Dr.  Joseph  Lafon  located  in  the  town  in  1865.  He  had  been  an  allopathic  phy- 
sician. In  the  same  year  Dr.  William  D.  Foster  came  from  the  army  and 
located  in  Hannibal. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  St.  Joseph  in  1856,  by  a  German  physi- 
cian. Dr.  Walkenbarth,  who  afterward  went  to  St.  Louis.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Dr.  Fleniken.    In  1859  Dr.  Talcott  and  Dr.  Burnham  located  in  St.  Joseph. 

Th'e  fourth  town  in  Missouri  to  receive  homoeopathy  was  Kansas  City. 
Dr.  Joshua  Thorne  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1856,  and  in  1859  located  as  the  pioneer  in  that  city.  In  1865  Dr. 
J.  Feld,  and  in  1868  Drs.  Charles  Baker  and  Peter  Baker  located  there. 

Captain  Holt,  a  sea  captain,  introduced  homoeopathy   in   Hartford,   Put- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  367 

nam  county,  in  i860.  He  commanded  a  packet  ship  from  Liverpool  to  New 
York,  studied  homoeopathy  on  board  ship  and  left  the  sea  in  i860.  He  went 
west  and  began  practice  in  Hartford,  where  he  met  with  good  success. 

Dr.  Reuben  Caleb  Runner  located  in  Chillicothe  in  1864,  being  the  first 
to  introduce  homoeopathy  in  that  region.  He  began  practice  as  an  eclectic  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  and  later  lived  in  Texas. 

Dr.  D.  T.  Abell  writes  of  Sedalia,  in  1875.  "  This  is  one  of  the  towns 
where  our  system  has  had  a  severe  struggle  for  life,  and  has  suffered  much 
at  the  hands  of  her  friends.  In  June,  1863,  Dr.  Charles  Hutawa,  a  native  of 
Poland,  moved  from  St.  Louis  to  Sedalia  and  began  to  practice  homoeopathy. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Berlin,  an  accomplished  gentleman 
and  thorough  scholar.  He  had  served  both  in  Europe  and  America  in  the 
army,  and  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  ablest  defenders  of  the  dogmas  of  the 
old  school.  While  in  Prussia  he  conducted  a  long  controversy  through  the 
press  agamst  homoeopathy.  His  practice  was  chiefly  among  the  Germans. 
He  practiced  until  two  days  before,  his  death,  which  occurred  February  16, 
1873,  at  the  age  of  ninety-four  years." 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Warrensburg  in  1864  by  Dr.  Tyson. 
During  the  war,  the  physicians  generally  were  with  the  army  and  Dr.  Tyson, 
although  a  non-graduate,  was  often  called  in  until  he  became  regularly  en- 
gaged in  practice. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Springfield  in  1865  by  Dr.  W.  A.  Hyde, 
who  had  practiced  the  old  system  for  ten  years.  Up  to  1875  there  were  but 
three  other  homoeopaths  in  Springfield,  Drs.  Thompson,  J.  W.  Weis  and  one 
other.  In  Boonville  homoeopathy  was  introduced  by  Dr.  Moore.  In  1865 
Dr.  D.  D.  Miles  located  there.  In  1872  Dr.  C.  J.  Burgher  went  to  Boonville. 
Dr.  Henry  Christian  Lehnert  located  in  Glenwood,  Schuyler  county,  in  1869. 
He  had  begun  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Postville,  Iowa,  in  1865. 

Dr.  Adams  Peabody  became  interested  in  homoeopathy  about  1850  and 
in  185 1  settled  in  Boone  county.  He  was  interested  in  several  newspaper 
enterprises,  and  located  in  Jefferson  City  about  1853.  In  1866  he  began  to 
preach  as  a  minister  of  the  New  Jerusalem  church,  and  five  years  later  was 
ordained. 

Dr.  Peter  Temple,  a  brother  of  Dr.  J.  T.  Temple,  writes  of  homoeopathy 
in  Lexington  in  1875  •  "  This  was  a  large  slaveholding  district  and  the 
first  settlers  were  from  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  and  they  and  their  de- 
scendants are  slow  in  breaking  away  from  the  old  school  practice.  The 
first  homoeopathic  medicine  given  in  this  county  was  by  my  wife  in  1847, 
from  a  case  given  her  by  my  brother,  Dr.  John  T  Temple,  with  Epps' 
Practice.  She  being  an  uncompromising  advocate  of  the  system  practised 
on  our  children  when  sick,  and  the  neighbors  seeing  the  good  effect  of  her 
treatment,  soon  got  medicine  for  their  children,  and  soon  she  had  quite 
a  reputation  for  doctoring  children  and  others.  I  am  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1861  I  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College  of  St.  Louis  and  moved  into  town  the  same  year.  Between 
1854  and  i860  there  had  been  several  homoeopathic  physicians,  mostly  Ger- 
mans, located  here,  but  none  of  them  stayed  long  enough  to  make  any 
impression  on  the  community.  When  I  came  I  found  a  Dr.  Williams  prac- 
ticing. Notwithstanding  the  prejudice  against  homoeopathy  I  soon  got  a 
very  good  practice.  Being  favorably  known  by  the  citizens  generally  as  an 
allopathic  physician  formerly,  I  gained  access  to  many  families  whose  doors 


368 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


^vould  have  otherwise  been  shut  against  me.  My  son,  Dr.  J.  R.  Temple, 
becam.e  my  partner  in  1867.  At  the  death  of  my  son  in  March,  187 1,  I 
associated  with  Dr.  G.  W.  Barker." 

HomcEopathic  physicians  in  Missouri  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 


857  Asmann,   F.  x     St.  Louis 

857  Barker,  G.  W.  x    Lexington 

564  Buih,  George  B.  *     Hannibal 

857  Buettner,  F.  x     St.  Louis 

850  Comstock,   Thomas    G.      St.    Louis 

856  Curran,   William     Hannibal 

873  Cummings,  J.  C.  *     Kansas  City 

858  Dunham,  Dr.     St.  Joseph 
850  Ebers,  H.     St.  Louis 

857  Fellerer,  E.  A.  x     St.  Louis 
857  Field,    S.   X     Jackson 

856  Franklin,  Edward  C.  *     St.  Louis 
833  Grainger,  John     St.  Louis 

857  Hartmann,  J.  x     St.  Louis 

846  Houghton,   Thomas     St-   Louis 

853  Helmuth,  William  Tod     St.  Louis 

865  Hyde,  W.  A.  *     Springfield 

860  Holt,    Captain     Hartford 

846  Hufif,  Dr.     St.  Louis 

857  Hutawa,  Charles  x  *    St.  Louis 

565  Lafon,   Joseph   *     Hannibal 


857  Laubenstein,  A.  D.  x    St.  Louis 

865  Lehnert,  Henry  C.  *     Glenwood 

850  Luyties,  Diedrich  R.     St.  Louis 

850  Nollau,  Rev.  E.  L.     St.  Louis 
852  Peabody,   Adams     Jefferson   City 
857  Peterson,  B.  H.  x     St.  Louis 

860  Ravold,  Jacques     St.   Louis 

852  Runner,  Reuben  C.  *     Chillicothe 
846  Spaulding,  Dr.  *     St.  Louis 

846  Steinestel,  J.   D.     St.   Louis 

857  Smotridge,  F.  x     St.  Charles 

859  Talcott,  Dr.  x     St.  Joseph 

842  Temple,  John  T.  *     St.  Louis 

861  Temple,  Peter  *     Lexington 
856  Thorn,   Joshua     Kansas    City 
846  Vail,   Ira     St.  Louis 

85 1  Vastine,  Thomas  J.  *     St.  Louis 
859  Walker,  George  S-  *     St.  Louis 
856  Walkenbarth.   Dr.     St.  Joseph 

853  White,    Daniel     St.  Louis 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  369 


CHAPTER    XXIX 

HOMOEOPATHY    IX    TENNESSEE. 

By  Thomas  Lindslev  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Nashville  a  Center  of  Medical  Education — Experiences  of  Drs.  Harsh,  Wheaton  and 
Kellogg,  Early  Homceopathic  Practitioners  in  Tennessee — Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society  of  Tennessee— Reminiscences  and  List  of  Early   Practitioners  in  the  State. 

For  more  than  half  a  century  the  city  of  Nashville  in  Tennessee  has 
been  an  acknowledged  center  of  medical  thought,  medical  initiative  and  medical 
learning,  and  while  the  conditions  were  forming  that  led  to  this  enviable 
prominence  the  homoeopathic  school  found  lodgment  there;  but  notwithstand- 
ing this  the  doctrine  of  Hahnemann  never  has  gained  a  strong  foothold  in 
the  state,  and  at  no  time  in  its  history  has  the  number  of  its  practitioners 
exceeded  thirty-five,  and  in  the  city  of  Nashville  not  more  than  ten  at  any 
one  time. 

Chroniclers  of  homoeopathic  history  in  the  state  credit  Dr.  Philip  Harsh 
with  having  been  the  pioneer  of  his  school  in  the  region  under  treatment, 
and  Nashville  as  his  place  of  abode.  He  was  educated  in  medicine  in  Ger- 
many, naturalized  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  in  1833,  and  removed 
from  Cincinnati  to  Nashville  in  1844.  The  next  arrival  in  the  city  was 
that  of  Dr.  P.  M.  Wheaton,  who  began  practice  there  about  1847.  I"  ^ 
letter  written  to  a  friend  in  the  following  year,  he  said :  "You  will  perceive 
that  I  have  located  in  Nashville  and  find  nothing  known  of  homoeopathy  in 
Tennessee,  myself  and  partner  being  the  only  homoeopathists  in  the  state." 

Dr.  George  M.  Kellogg  originally  was  from  New  York  and  practiced 
in  New  Orleans  several  years  previous  to  1853,  when  he  took  up  his  abode 
in  Nashville,  where  he  remained  less  than  two  years.  He  described  the  con- 
ditions surrounding  the  practice  there  as  follows :  "  On  my  arrival  I  found 
the  best  possible  element  for  proselyting,  viz.,  an  intelligent  community,  also  a 
lay  advocate  of  great  social  and  intellectual  influence  in  the  person  of  Mr. 
James  B.  Craighead,  who  is  to  be  regarded  as  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy 
in  Nashville.  After  surveying  my  ground  I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
strongest  appeal  I  could  make  to  such  a  community  would  be  through  their 
intelligence.  I  consequently  wrote  and  published  a  tract  entitled  '  An  answer 
to  the  question,  What  is  Homoeopathy?'  This  thesis,  I  flatter  myself,  laid 
the  foundation  for  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  homoeopathy." 

Next  came  Dr.  Henry  Sheffield,  in  1855,  a  graduate  of  the  Western 
College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1852,  and  a  former  practitioner  in  Sac- 
ramento, CaHfornia.  "To  Dr.  Sheffield  principally,"  says  a  contemporary 
writer,  "is  Nashville  indebted  for  the  advantage  her  citizens  are  reaping 
from  homoeopathy.  He  had  been  preceded  by  other  physicians  of  his  school, 
but  they  failed  to  enlist  popular  favor.  His  high  character,  perseverance, 
foresight  and  skill  overcame  obstacles  that  they  found  insurmountable,  and 
now  thousands  are  treating  according  to  the  homoeopathic  system  where  the 


370  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

practice  was  limited  to  a  few  hundreds.  The  barren  field  which  Dr.  Sheffield 
found  at  Nashville  is,  as  we  have  shown,  no  longer  barren;  it  has  been  well 
cultivated  and  is  yielding  golden  fruit." 

HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY   OF   TENNESSEE. 

This  society  was  organized  at  a  convention  assembled  in  Nashville,  De- 
cember I,  1875,  when  officers  were  elected  as  follows:  Dr.  J..  P.  Dake  of 
Nashville,  president ;  Dr.  L.  D.  Morse  of  Memphis  and  Dr.  E.  H.  Price  of 
Chattanooga,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  Eugene  R.  Smith  of  Edgefield,  secretary; 
Dr.  T.  E.  Enloe  of  Edgefield,  treasurer;  Drs.  R.  M.  Lytle,  Charles  R.  Doran 
and  H.  Falk,  all  of  Nashville,  censors.  The  society  held  meetings  with  fair 
regularity  until  1877,  after  which  none  were  held  until  September  10,  1890, 
when  a  reorganization  was  effected  at  Lookout  Mountain,  Chattanooga.  In 
the  same  year  an  incorporation  was  effected.  The  society  never  has  been 
numerically  strong,  and  since  1900  has  not  been  assembled. 

In  1868  Dr.  Randal  \l.  Lytle,  an  allopathic  physician  who  had  been 
practicing  medicine  for  twelve  years  and  who  had  been  a  surgeon  in  charge 
of  several  confederate  hospitals  during  the  war,  began  to  investigate  homoe- 
opathy under  Dr.  Sheffield.  He  soon  adopted  it,  received  a  diploma  from 
llahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1870,  and  then  began  prac- 
tice in  Nashville.  Another  allopathic  physician,  Dr.  Barfield,  also  sought 
advice  of  Dr.  Sheffield,  and  became  a  believer  in  homoeopathy,  which  he  prac- 
ticed in  Franklin. 

In  1869  Dr.  Jabez  P.  Dake  went  from  Pittsburgh  to  Nashville,  making 
the  latter  city  his  home.  Dr.  Herman  Falk.  a  German  graduate  from  Berlin, 
located  in  Nashville  in  1869.  Dr.  William  C.  Dake,  son  of  J.  P.  Dake,  located 
with  his  father  in  Nashville  in  1873,  after  graduating  from  New  York  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College,  Bellevue,  and  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  New  York. 

In  the  August  number  of  the  "  Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery "  appeared  the  following  notice :  "  The  members  of  the  graduating 
class  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Nashville  of  1874  will 
regret  to  know  that  Dr.  EnJoe,  a  co-graduate,  has  abandoned  the  flag  of 
honourable  medicine  and  embraced  homoeopathy."  Dr.  Enloe  had  declared 
a  right  to  study  and  practice  medicine  as  he  pleased,  and  that  no  school  could 
be  considered  honorable  that  was  not  tolerant,  enlightened,  progressive  and 
successful.  He  mentioned  making  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  J.  P.  Dake,  of 
examining  his  homoeopathic  library,  and  of  receiving  instruction  from  him 
on  the  principles  of  homoeopathy.  He  acknowledged  that  there  was  a  method 
about  the  homoeopathic  system  which  was  lacking  in  allopathy,  and  ended 
his  defence  of  himself  as  follows :  "  Under  the  folds  of  a  flag  bearing  the 
true  insignia  of  medical  science  and  hope  to  the  dwellings  of  the  sick,  how- 
ever characterized  by  the  journals  and  faculties  of  what  assumes  to  be  hon- 
ourable medicine,  I  stand  with  pride." 

Dr.  Charles  R.  Doran.  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1866,  removed  from  Hagerstown.  Md..  to  Nashville  in 
1874.  In  1857  there  was  one  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  Nashville:  in  1870 
there  were  four:  in  1878,  nine:  in  1888.  ten;  in  1899.  eisi^fit. 

About  the  time  that  Dr.  Sheffield  began  practice  in  Nashville  Dr.  John 
A.  Williams  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Memphis.  In  writing  of  the  events 
of  the  period,  he  said:     'I  came  to  Memphis  in  1854.     Previous  to  that  time. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


371 


as  I  was  informed,  four  or  five  persons  had  visited  this  city  who  made  use 
of  homoeopathic  remedies,  but  none  of  them  remained  in  practice  for  more 
than  a  very  brief  period.  When  I  arrived  here  homoeopathy  had  not  been 
practiced  in  the  city  for  the  previous  two  years.  I  have  remained  here  ever 
since  1854;  am  a  graduate  of  the  Cleveland  college,  and  the  only  homoeopathic 
graduate  in  the  city.  There  are  three  regular  physicians,  educated  in  the 
allopathic  school,  who  now  use  the  homoeopathic  remedies,  namely,  W.  A. 
Edmonds,  Allen,  and  Hewett,  the  latter  also  an  eclectic,  and  a  medical  sceptic. 
These,  with  myself,  constitute  the  entire  homoe'pathic  faculty  of  this  city.  I 
estimate  that  fully  one-third  of  the  medical  practice  is  homoeopathic.  It  is  only 
just  to  my  professional  brethren  of  the  allopathic  school  to  say  that  I  ex- 


1 

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Jabez  P.  Dake,  M.  D. 

perience  from  them  the  same  professional  recognition  and  courtesy  which  they 
exercise  among  themselves." 

Dr.  W.  A.  Edmonds  located  in  Memphis  in  March,  1857.  I^e  had  gradu- 
ated from  the  Louisville  institute  in  1845,  ^"d  after  practicing  allopathy  ten 
years  he  embraced  homoeopathy.  Dr.  John  Citarotto  located  in  Memphis  in 
1866.  He  had  been  an  allopathic  physician,  but  practiced  homoeopathy  in 
Cuba,  Indiana,  after  1859. 

Dr.  John  R.  Allen,  a  prominent  allopathic  physician  of  Memphis,  a  man 
of  ability,  and  who  had  for  twelve  years  been  superintendent  of  the  asylum 
for  the  insane  at  Louisville.  Ky..  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in   1867 


372  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

He  previously  had  bitterly  opposed  the  school.     Dr.  Lucius  D.  Morse  located 
in  Memphis  in  1872.    Dr.  Gentry  also  practiced  there  at  one  time. 

Dr  Ivo  W.  Buddeke,  a  student  of  Dr.  J.  P.  Dake,  graduated  from  the 
Pulte  Medical  College  in  1875  and  located  in  Jackson.  Dr.  H.  B.  Sashlee 
located  in  Hollow  Rock,  and  Dr.  R,  A.  Hicks  in  Trenton,  in  1875. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Morgan  introduced  homoeopathy  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state.  He  said :  "  I  had  the  honor  to  introduce  homoeopathy  to  the  citizens 
of  Knoxville  and  Knox  coupty,  which  was  done  last  January.  I  am  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Missouri  Medical  College  (old),  Dr.  McDowell,  dean."  Dr.  Mor- 
gan established  a  good  business.  In  May,  1869,  ^e  was  followed  by  Dr.  W.  N. 
Carter,  with  whom  he  went  into  partnership.  Drs.  S.  Saltmarsh,  C.  D.  Crank, 
W.  W.  T>'deman  and  J.  W.  Paxton  were  also  among  the  early  practitioners, 
in  Knoxville. 

In  1869  Dr.  E.  H.  Price  located  in  Chattanooga,  introducing  the  practice 
there.     Dr.  D.  G.  Curtis  located  there  in  1871. 

In  1874  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  legislature  of  Tennessee  to  control 
the  pupilage  of  medical  students,  and  to  establish  a  monopoly  of  allopathic 
principles  in  the  state.  It  was  an  "  Act  to  Protect  the  Citizens  from  Quack- 
ery," and  provided  that  the  entire  control  of  the  practice  of  medicine  should 
be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  State  Medical  Association  of  Tennessee.  The 
friends  of  homceopathy  began  to  assail  this  measure  with  satire  and  ridicule. 
A  series  of  articles  appeared  in  the  daily  papers  over  the  signature  of  "  Hugh 
Bedam,"  burlesquing  the  affair.  A  pamphlet  also  was  issued,  entitled 
"  State  Medicine  and  a  Medical  Inquisition,  by  a  Citizen."  These  articles 
put  the  matter  forcefully  before  the  people  and  when  the  time  came  the  meas- 
ure received  three  votes,  which  were  cast  by  allopathic  physicians.  In  1870 
the  Medical  Association  of  Tennessee  (allopathic)  held  its  annual  meeting 
and  went  through  the  farce  of  dropping  the  name  of  Dr.  Eugene  R.  Smith 
from  the  rolls,  although  he  had  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  association  for 
five  years. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Tennessee  previous  to  i860.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1867  Allen,  John  R.  *     Memphis  1856  Hunt,  Samuel  P.  *     Nashville 

....  Barfield,   Dr.   *     Franklin  1840  Kellogg.  George  *     Nashville 

1853  Citarotto,  John  *     Memphis  1866  Lytle,  Randal  M.  *     Nashville 

1851  Craighead,  J.  B.  (layman)     Nashville       1857  Skyles,   F.   W.   x     Memphis 

1855  Edmonds,  W.  A.  *     Memphis  1852  Sheffield,    Henry     Nashville 

....  Hall,  B.   W.     Nashville  1852  Williams,  John  A.     Memphis 

1844  Harsh,    Philip   *     Nashville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  373 


CHAPTER  XXX 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    TEXAS. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Introduction  of  Hahnemann's  System  in  the  Lone  Star  State — The  Texas  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Association — Dr.  Parker,  the  Pioneer — His  Life  and  Works — Other  Early 
Practitioners  in  various  parts  of  the  State. 

Homoeopathy  has  been  a  known  factor  in  the  history  of  medicine  in 
Texas  since  1844,  a  year  that  has  marked  that  which  for  convenient  designa- 
tion is  referred  to  as  the  second  epoch  of  homoeopathy  in  America.  From 
the  time  when  Dr.  Parker  first  began  the  practice  of  medicine  according  to 
the  law  of  similars  to  the  close  of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  system  enjoyed 
a  steady,  conservative  growth,  but  was  not  rapid  at  any  intermediate  period. 
Records  disclose  that  in  1857,  ^  kittle  more  than  twelve  years  after  the  advent 
of  homoeopathy  in  the  state,  there  were  only  five  practitioners  of  the  school 
in  the  territory,  and  in  1870  the  number  had  only  doubled.  In  1876  there 
were  twenty-four  homoeopaths  in  Texas,  and  twenty-two  in  1878.  However, 
from  the  year  last  mentioned  to  the  end  of  the  century  the  increase  was 
indeed  rapid,  if  our  sources  of  information  are  reliable,  for  in  1899  there 
were  ninety-nine  practitioners  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state;  and  in  1904,  ac- 
cording to  Polk,  the  number  was  seventy-four. 

TEXAS    HOMOEOPATHIC    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION. 

The  Texas  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association,  the  pioneer  society  of  its 
kind  in  the  state,  was  organized  in  Galveston,  March  18,  1874,  at  which  time 
these  officers  were  chosen :  Dr.  H.  C.  Parker  of  Houston,  president ;  Dr. 
William  M.  Mercer  of  Galveston,  secretary ;  Dr.  James  H.  Blake  of  Houston, 
treasurer ;  Dr.  Edward  P.  Angell  of  Double  Bayou,  essayist.  The  association 
was  incorporated  in  May,  1874.  and  continued  its  existence  about  ten  years, 
although  at  times  on  account  of  lack  of  interest  and  its  small  membership  its 
dissolution  was  threatened.  It  was  reorganized,  however,  at  a  meeting  held 
in  Austin,  May  i,  1884,  at  which  time  these  officers  were  elected:  Dr.  Charles 
E.  Fisher  of  Austin,  president;  Drs.  Joseph  Jones  of  San  Antonio  and  Mrs. 
A.  T.  Hall  of  Waco,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  J.  C.  Tucker  of  San  Antonio,  secre- 
tary ;  Dr.  T.  H.  Bragg  of  Austin,  treasurer.  In  1903  the  membership  was 
forty-five. 

REMINISCENCES. 

The  early  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Texas  is  largely  the  record  of 
achievement  of  Dr.  Henry  C.  Parker.  From  the  outset  his  system  was  favor- 
ably received,  a  fact  diie  to  the  courage  and  unselfish  devotion  of  this  verita- 
ble "  father  of  homoeopathy  "  in  the  ''  Lone  Star  "  state.  Dr.  Parker  was 
born  in  Georgia  in  181 9.  He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  and  his  youth  was  one 
of  poverty  and  toil.  For  six  years  he  never  went  to  bed  without  reading  one 
hundred  pages  by  the  uncertain  light  of  a  pine  knot.     At  eighteen  he  became 


374  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

a  student  of  medicine,  and  devoted  five  years  to  its  study,  although  he 
attended  but  one  course  of  lectures.  He  began  practice  in  the  Tombigbee 
valley  in  Mississippi,  a  populous  region  where  the  prevailing  diseases  were 
congestive  and  bilious  fevers  of  malignant  type.  In  1845  typhoid  was 
brought  into  the  neighborhood  and  it  spread  rapidly,  visiting  every  planta- 
tion with  a  terrible  mortality.  Medical  treatment  proved  unavailing.  After 
spending  the  entire  night  with  two  favorite  negroes  who,  despite  every  aid 
that  medical  science  could  render,  died  before  daybreak,  Dr.  Parker  started 
for  home  disgusted  with  remedies  of  uncertain  action  and  with  futile  theories. 
He  determined  to  take  no  more  patients.  On  his  way  home  he  was  besought 
to  prescribe  for  a  young  lady  just  taken  ill.  He  yielded  and  retired  from  her 
bedside  to  his  own  chamber  sick.  He  lay  there  for  several  days  prescribing 
from  verbal  reports  brought  to  him.  One  afternoon  the  messenger  reported 
symptoms  that  seemed  to  him  dangerous.  He  speedily  visited  her,  found  her 
chatting  with  friends,  but  detected  the  presence  of  grave  danger.  He  told 
the  family  that  he  had  no  power  to  avert  death,  and  that  unless  other  remedies 
than  his  were  applied  she  would  die  in  a  few  hours.  He  had  heard  of  the 
success  attending  the  practice  of  Dr.  John  D.  Logue,  a  homoeopathic  physician 
of  Meridian,  and  he  besought  them  to  send  for  him,  but  they  refused,  and 
the  patient  died  before  daybreak.  He  then  sought  Dr.  Logue,  visited  his 
patients,  saw  his  practice,  studied  homoeopathy,  and  soon  became  a  convert 
and  Dr.  Logue's  business  partner.  He  sought  a  broader  field,  and  in  April, 
1848,  opened  an  office  in  Houston  and  became  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in 
that  region  at  a  time  when  Texas  was  attracting  to  her  borders  young  men 
from  the  older  states.  There  were  then  in  Houston  sixteen  allopathic  phy- 
sicians, men  of  ability,  but  prejudiced  by  professional  jealousies.  Dr. 
Parker's  library  was  the  best  and  the  largest  in  the  town,  and  with  professional 
courtesy  it  was  opened  to  every  physician.  They  soon  found  him  to  be  in 
diagnosis  and  practical  skill  the  equal  of  the  best  of  them,  and  his  kindness 
and  fair  dealing  commanded  their  respect.  When  a  critical  case  called  for 
counsel  Dr.  Parker  was  sent  for,  and  while  the  allopaths  disagreed  with  each 
other,  they  all  for  the  time  agreed  with  the  homoeopath. 

While  consulting  it  was  Dr.  Parker's  practice  to  advise  allopathic  medi- 
cines if  there  was  a  probability  that  they  would  succeed,  but  if  not  to  offer 
homoeopathic  treatment,  and  this  was  never  refused.  In  this  way  the  phy- 
sicians of  the  city  acquired  some  knowledge  of  a  few  leading  homoeopathic 
remedies,  and  they  did  not  hesitate  to  make  use  of  them. 

In  September,  1848,  the  year  of  Dr.  Parker's  settlement  in  Houston,  yel- 
low fever  broke  out  v;ith  great  violence.  The  old  school  doctors  now  saw 
a  chance  to  test  the  claims  of  homoeopathy,  and  they  called  the  young  doctor 
to  almost  the  first  case  that  appeared.  He  had  anticipated  this,  and  had  care- 
fully studied  all  that  had  been  written  on  the  subject.  There  was  no  homoe- 
opathic authority  on  the  treatment  of  yellow  fever,  but  Dr.  Parker  relied  on 
its  treatment  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  similia.  During  the  epidemic  he 
treated  one  hundred  and  eighty  cases,  receiving  many  after  they  had  been 
abandoned  by  the  old  school  practitioners.  The  same  winter  Asiatic  cholera 
raged  in  Texas.  The  people  reasoned  that  if  homoeopathy  could  cure  yellow 
fever  it  could  also  cure  cholera,  and  soon  Dr.  Parker  was  burdened  with 
patients.  He  saw  many  cases  and  lost  none  that  he  saw  in  the  first  stage, 
and  saved  many  that  had  lain  in  collapse.  All  opposition  to  homoeopathy  now 
ceased,  and  Dr.  Parker's  life  until   1853  '^vas  one  of  pleasant  and  successful 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  37» 

practice.  Then  came  the  terrible  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  and  he 
treated  four  hundred  and  seventy-four  patients  with  a  loss  of  but  forty-two. 
For  five  weeks  he  averaged  four  visits  in  every  hour  of  the  twenty-four. 
Sleep  was  impossible  and  at  its  close  he  found  himself  broken  in  health  and 
prematurely  aged.  During  the  next  year  the  epidemic  reappeared  and  was 
treated  with  the  same  success  as  before.  Dr.  Parker's  health  now  declined 
so  rapidly  that  in  1855  he  was  compelled  to  ask  Dr.  Blake  of  Brenham,  who 
had  a  few  years  before  embraced  homoeopathy,  to  remove  to  Houston  and 
become  his  partner.  After  the  epidemic  the  distinguished  pioneer  retired 
from  active  practice  and  passed  his  time  on  his  plantation  in  Montgomery 
county;  but  when  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  appeared  in  Galveston,  in  1867, 
^e  again  entered  the  field,  remaining  there  until  it  had  nearly  run  its  course  and 
had  appeared  in  Houston,  and  then  went  to  that  city.  After  this  epidemic 
Dr.  Parker  prepared  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  Some  Account  of  the  Yellow  Fever 
as  it  appeared  in  Galveston  and  Texas  in  1867,  with  Symjitoms,  Treatment," 
etc. 

The  next  homoeopath  in  Texas  was  Dr.  Eldmund  H.  Blake,  who  began 
practice  as  an  allopath  in  Washington  county  in  1846,  and  was  converted  to 
homoeopathy  in  1853  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Parker.  In  1855  he  re- 
moved to  Houston.  His  son.  Dr.  James  Harris  Blake,  graduated  from  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1870  and  joined  his  father 
in  Houston.  In  1899  there  were  seven  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Houston. 
Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Galveston  in  1850  by  Dr.  Joseph  R.  Brown. 
He  had  been  practicing  in  Phoenix,  New  York,  and  in  1850  went  to  Texas, 
where  two  years  later  he  practiced  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Richard  L.  Bryan, 
who  was  a  native  of  Brazil. 

In  December,  1854,  Dr.  James  Angell  went  from  Mississippi  and  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  Galveston.  Nine  years  before,  while  visiting 
the  city,  he  had  treated  some  patients  but  had  not  adopted  homoeopathy, 
though  at  the  time  he  was  interested  in  it.  In  1867  his  son.  Dr.  E.  P.  Angell, 
located  with  his  father,  remaining  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  Qiambers 
county. 

Dr.  Rover  went  from  San  Antonio  to  Galveston  in  1865,  dying  of  yellow 
fever  in  1867.  Dr.  J.  H.  Koers  located  in  Galveston  in  1865.  Dr.  Ulrich  of 
Alabama  located  there  in  1867  and  died  in  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  the  same 
year.  Dr.  William  M.  Mercer  graduated  from  the  University  of  Louisiana 
in  1859  and  until  1867  practiced  allopathy  in  New  Orleans.  In  1867  he  be- 
came a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  began  practice  in  New  Orleans,  but 
removed  in   1868  to  Galveston. 

Dr.  C.  F.  Springer  located  in  Galveston  in  1873.  He  graduated  from 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri  in  1874.  Drs.  George  A. 
Crawfish,  "Joseph  E.  Hurff  and  William  R  Mercer  have  practiced  in  Gal- 
veston. 

Dr.  Eckhart  L.  Beaumont,  whp  was  a  graduate  of  Tulane  University  in 
1848,  was  a  pioneer  in  San  Antonio.  Dr.  Charles  E.  Fisher  of  Kansas,  a 
graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Detroit,  and  of  Pulte 
Medical  College  (1875),  became  the  partner  of  Dr.  Beaumont  in  1875.  Dr. 
George  R.  Parsons,  a  graduate  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago in  1874,  went  to  Texas  in  the  fall  of  1875.  Dr.  S.  Slocum  also  practiced 
for  a  time  in  San  Antonio.  In  1878  there  were  but  three,  and  in  1899  there 
were  eleven  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  San  Antonio. 


376 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


An  early  practitioner  in  Huntsville,  Lavaca  county,  was  Dr.  Friederick, 
who  was  located  there  as  earlv  as  1858,  remaining  until  his  death,  about  187 1. 

Dr.  J.  J.  H.  Davis  practiced  in  Austin  previous  to  1870.  Dr.  Peter  P. 
Cluff,  who  had  been  an  old  school  physician,  practiced  in  Austin  previous  to 
1875.     Dr.  G.  E.  Routh  located  in  that  city  about  1875. 

In  Brenham  there  were  located  previous  to  1875  Dr.  H.  F.  Pahl,  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1868,  and  Dr. 
C.  T.  Miller,  formerly  of  Illinois. 

In  Dallas  Dr.  D.  Rivera  practiced  for  several  years.  Dr.  Thomas  C.  Mc- 
Curdy  was  located  there  in  1870.  Drs.  Andrew  P.  Davis,  Edward  E.  Davis, 
Fergus  S.  Davis.  Fines  J.  Dickey,  Francis  Keller,  John  G.  Achenbach,  Thomas 
J.  Crowe,  Cannon  A.  Hart,  William  L.  Hill  Alexander  P.  Stewart  and  John 
E.  and  Wilbur  F.  Thatcher  have  practiced  in  Dallas. 

Dr.  George  Washington  Williams  was  located  in  Dennison  as  early  as 
1872.  Drs.  Charles  E.  Johnson,  A.  C.  Williamson,  William  L.  Smith  have 
practiced  in  Dennison.  Dr.  Edwin  Mussina  was  practicing  in  Sherman  as 
early  as  1872.    Dr.  W.  W.  Wilson  located  in  Palestine  about  1870. 

Dr.  Solomon  W.  Cohen  went  to  Waco  in  1879  ^^^  i"  1883  wrote  for 
the  "  Texas  Pellet  "'  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in  that  town.  The  pioneer  in 
Waco  was  Dr.  Fountain  Jones,  who  in  1874  was  looking  for  a  location  in  the 
south   on  account  of  ill  health  in  his  family,  and  located  in  Waco. 

Dr.  George  D.  Streeter  went  to  Waco  in  1877,  and  by  his  advice  Dr. 
S.  W.  Cohen  settled  there  in  1879.  ^^-  Carlton  H.  Rew  also  practiced  in 
that  city. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Texas  previous  to  1870.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  before 
the  date  given. 

1854 
1868 


Angell,  James  *     Galveston  1873 

Angell,  E-  P.     Galveston  1867 
....     Beaumont,    Eckhart   L.    *      San   An-       1857 

tonio  1875 

1853     Blake,  Edmund  H.  *     Houston  1870 

1870    Blake,  James  Harris     Houston  1872 

1847    Brown,   Joseph   R.     Galveston  1848 

1850     Bryan.  Richard   L.     Galveston  1868 

1868    Boynton.  F.  M.     Henderson  1874 

1857     Clarke,  J.   x     Benton  186=^ 

1875     CluflF.  Peter  P.  x  *     Austin  1875 

1870    Davis,  J.  J.  H.  X     Austin  1870 

1870     Edwards.   G.   x     Anderson  1874 

1872     Fisher,   Charles   E.     San   Antonio  1867 

i8^8     Friederick.  Dr.   x     Huntsville  1870 

1868    Gebhard.  L.  H.  x     Hillsboro  1872 

1872    Jones.  Fountain  *     Waco  1875 
1865     Koers,  J.  H.  x     San  Antonio 


Lee,    W.    S.     Dallas 
Mercer,  W.  Mosby  *     Galveston 
Messner,   Dr.   x     Benton 
Miller,  C.  T.   x     Brenham 
McCurdy,  Thomas  C.  x    Dallas 
Mussina,  Edwin     Sherman 
Parker,  Henry  C.  *    Houston 
Pahl,  Henry  F.     Brenham 
Parsons,  George  R.     Kerrville 
Royer,    Dr.   x     Galveston, 
Routh,   G.   E.    X     Austin 
Rivera,   D.   x     Dallas 
Springer,  C.  F,.     Galveston 
Ulrich,   Dr.   x     Galveston 
Whittock,   F.   W.   X     Farmington 
Williams,  George  W.     Denison 
Wilson,  W.  W.  X     Palestine 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  377 


CHAPTER  XXXI 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    CALIFORNIA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

HomcBopathy  finds  Lodgment  on  the  Pacific  Slope  in  1849 — Pioneers  were  both  Physi- 
cians and  Gold  Hunters — The  State  Medical  Society — Benjamin  Ober,  the  Pioneer 
HomcEopath — Reminiscences  and  List  of  Practitioners. 

Homoeopathy  was  a  "  Forty-Niner "  in  California  and  was  drawn  into 
the  land  of  gold  on  the  great  wave  of  human  emigration  that  swept  across  the 
country  in  1849  S"*^  carried  to  the  Pacific  slope  thousands  of  adventurous 
spirits  who  were  alarmingly  afflicted  with  the  gold  fever — a  malady  for 
which  neither  the  old  nor  the  homoeopathic  school  furnished  a  specific  in  all 
the  vast  volumes  of  materia  medica  or  therapeutics ;  but  a  remedy  was  found 
at  last  which  cured  this  "  fever  "  most  effectually  and  speedily,  and  that  cure 
was  "  experience,"  a  modest  remedial  agent,  perhaps,  but  one  which  had  its 
compensations  in  various  ways,  chief  among  which  was  the  discovery  of  a 
delightful,  salubrious  climate,  in  itself  a  mighty  healing  force  which  soon 
being  supplemented  with  the  intelligent  administration  of  homoeopathic  medica- 
ments restored  normal  mental  and  physical  conditions  and  at  the  same  time 
gave  to  the  Hahnemannian  theory  of  medicine  a  pre-eminence  west  of  the 
"  Rockies  "  which  has  ever  since  been  maintained. 

In  the  rush  and  turmoil  of  "  fevered  "  life  in  the  region  under  considera- 
tion small  heed  was  given  to  occurring  events,  hence  there  is  little  to  record 
of  the  earliest  history  of  homoeopathy  in  the  "  affected  "  district.  Gold,  the 
almost  sole  object  of  the  early  adventurers,  was  found  in  abundance,  but 
fortune  rewarded  the  strenuous  endeavors  of  comparatively  few  of  those 
who  sought  it ;  but  the  ambition  to  become  so  possessed  overshadowed  all 
other  considerations,  and  it  was  only  when  necessity — stern  master — com- 
pelled that  even  the  homoeopath  turned  away  from  the  "  diggings  "  to  pros- 
pect for  "  pay  dirt  "  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

It  is  known,  however,  that  Dr.  Benjamin  Ober  was  the  pioneer  of 
homoeopathy  in  California ;  that  he  crossed  the  "  Rockies  "  in  the  early  sum- 
mer of  1849,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  July  3,  and  was  a  part  of  the  subse- 
quent life  of  that  city  and  the  state  until  the  time  of  his  death,  May  13,  1867. 
Throughout  that  period  he  was  an  important  part  of  homoeopathy  in  the 
region,  and  his  experiences  there  have  served  as  the  foundation  of  numerous 
medical  journal  articles  in  all  later  years,  and  in  the  re-telling  none  of  them 
has  abated  its  original  force.  Late  in  December.  1849.  Ober  sent  a  letter  to 
Dr.  Kirby  of  the  "  American  Journal."  in  which  he  said : 

"  Since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  I  have  seen  the  Elephant,  as  the 
phrase  goes.  I  have  travelled  over  a  good  portion  of  the  El  Dorado,  explored 
its  mountains,  its  valleys,  its  streams,  and  its  diggings,  both  wet  and  dry.  I 
have  been  familiar  with  grizzly  bears  and  grim  death:  have  contended  both  in 
hospital  and  private  practice  with  all  the  forms  of  disease  which  have  been 
so  fatal  to  the  armv  of  gold  seekers." 


378  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

In  a  letter  written  in  1854  Ober  describes  improved  conditions:  "We 
are  at  present  free  of  almost  everything  in  the  shape  of  sickness,  as  the  boats 
at  this  season  bring  no  invoices  for  doctors  and  undertakers."  Little  is  knov^rn 
of  Dr.  Ober's  early  life  and  education.  He  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Wilkes- 
Barre  in  Pennsylvania  and  became  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy  in  1850.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  graduate  of  a  New  York 
university. 

Whatever  the  trials  and  tribulations  of  the  early  exemplars  of  homoe- 
opathy in  California,  the  school  itself  enjoyed  a  healthful  growth  after  the 
period  of  gold  excitement  was  passed  and  normal  conditions  were  established 
in  the  various  departments  of  domestic  life  in  the  homoeopathic  household. 

r 


E.   J.    Eraser,   M.    D. 

However,  in  1857  there  were  only  five  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state, 
and  twenty-four  in  1870;  two  hundred  and  one  in  1885,  three  hundred  and 
ninety-five  in  1899,  and  three  hundred  and  eighty  in  1904.  In  this  connection 
it  may  be  said  that  of  the  pioneers  of  the  profession  in  the  state  many  were 
impelled  to  locate  there  in  the  hope  of  regaining  health  which  had  become  for 
some  cause  impaired  in  the  east. 

CALIFORNIA    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC     MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

The   California   State   Medical    Society    of    Homoeopathic    Practitioners 
was   organized    in    San    Francisco,    March    24,    1871,    and    was    incorporated 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  H79 

April  lo,  1872.  For  a  time  it  was  a  progressive  body,  but  later  on  discordant 
elements  impaired  its  efficiency,  led  to  dissensions  and  resulted  in  virtual  dis- 
solution. However,  a  reorganization  was  effected  as  the  result  of  a  confer- 
ence, and  on  August  8,  1874,  the  Pacific  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of 
the  State  of  California  was  brought  into  existence,  with  these  first  officers : 
Dr.  J.  M.  Selfridge  of  Oakland,  president ;  Dr.  H.  Knapp  of  San  Francisco, 
vice-president;  Dr.  J.  S.  Beakley  of  San  Francisco,  secretary;  Dr.  J.  A. 
Albertson  of  San  Francisco,  treasurer;  Drs.  George  M.  Pease  and  H.  H. 
Ingerson  of  San  Francisco,  and  J.  J.  Gushing  of  Sausalito,  censors. 

In  1875-76  the  legislature  passed  an  act  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Galifornia,  and  authorized  the  state  medical  societies  then  in  existence 


Frederick  Hiller,  Al.  D. 

to  appoint  a  board  of  state  medical  examiners :  but  before  the  act  went  into 
effect  the  Pacific  Medical  Sckriety  was  regularly  organized  and  incorporated, 
and  later  an  action  was  brought  to  annul  the  charter,  which  proceeding,  it 
is  said,  was  instigated  by  the  older  society.  As  a  result  of  this  litigation  the 
new  organization  lost  its  charter,  but  not  its  entity,  and  in  1877  the  two 
societies  were  united  and  formed  the  Galifornia  State  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  the  first  officers  of  which  were  as  follows :  Dr.  G.  M.  Dixon,  presi- 
dent ;  Drs.  J.  N.  Eckel  and  A.  A.  Thiese,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  George  H, 
Jenks,  secretary;  Dr.  A.  Liliencrantz,  treasurer;  Drs.  T.  G.  Goxhead,  J.  A. 
Albertson.  J.  M.  Selfridge,  G.  W.  Breyfogle,  H.  H.  Lyon,  censors.     The  so- 


380  HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 

ciety  was  incorporated  December  22,  1877,  and  appointed  its  annual  meetings 
to  be  held  in  May,  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  San  Francisco. 
The  Society  of  Homoeopathic  Practitioners  being  incorporated  and  having  the 
appointment  of  the  board  of  state  medical  examiners,  assumed  to  scrutinize 
all  diplomas  and  issue  certificates  of  qualification  for  practice ;  and  in  con- 
nection with  the  authority  thus  possessed  is  said  to  have  made  arbitrary  use 
of  the  privilege,  which  led  to  another  contest  in  the  legislature  to  determine 
which  society  should  have  the  right  to  nominate  the  members  of  the  examin- 
ing board,  which  right  was  awarded  to  the  California  State  Homoeopathic 
Society.     The  Practitioners'  society  then  passed  out  of  existence, 

In  this  connection  the  hospital  institutions  of  the  state  are  entitled  to  at 
least  brief  mention.  The  first  homoeopathic  hospital  in  the  state  was  founded 
in  1854  by  Dr.  Frederick  Hiller,  and  was  given  the  name  of  Nevada  City 
Hospital.  The  building  was  burned  in  1862,  and  the  hospital  was  not  re- 
opened. The  San  Francisco  Surgical  and  G)'naecological  Institute  was  founded 
and  conducted  by  the  members  of  the  San  Francisco  County  Society  of  Homoe- 
opathic Practitioners,  and  was  in  all  respects  a  praiseworthy  institution, 
although  its  life  was  short. 

The  Fabiola  Hosiptal  in  Oakland  had  its  origin  in  the  Oakland  Homoe- 
opathic Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association,  the  latter  of  which  dates  its 
history  from  November  6,  1877,  and  owes  its  existence  to  the  philanthropic 
efforts  and  liberality  of  Mrs.  R.  W.  Kirkham,  who  frequently  has  been  men- 
tioned as  the  "  Fabiola  of  Oakland."  The  hospital  and  dispensary  were  main- 
tained in  various  and  convenient  places  until  the  erection  of  a  permanent 
building,  which  was  dedicated  May  25,  1888.  In  1886  the  name  was  changed 
to  Fabiola  Hospital. 

The  Southern  California  State  Asylum  for  Insane  and  Inebriates  in 
Patton,  near  Redlands,  was  opened  in  1893  under  homoeopathic  supervision. 

REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Moritz  Richter  arrived  in  San  Francisco  in  the  latter  part  of 
1850  or  early  in  the  next  year.  From  his  own  story  and  the  state- 
ments of  friends  and  patients  as  reported  by  Dr.  J.  N.  Eckel,  who  married 
Richter's  daughter,  he  was  the  first  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Two  years  later,  in  1853,  ^r.  John  J.  Cushing  opened  an  office  on 
Kearney  street,  opposite  the  plaza.  In  the  latter  part  of  1853  Dr.  David 
Springsteed  settled  in  the  city,  but  remained  only  a  short  time,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  former  student.  Dr.  Charles  G.  Bryant,  who  became  partner 
with  Dr.  Cushing.  He  died  about  1856.  About  the  same  time  Dr.  Kafka,  a 
native  of  Prague  and  a  veteran  of  Napoleon's  campaign  in  Russia,  located 
in  the  city. 

Dr.  John  FitzGibbon  Geary,  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Pennsylvania,  and  who  had  practiced  in  Philadelphia,  came  to 
San  Francisco  in  1862.  and  remained  there  until  his  death,  October  3,   1883. 

Dr.  Paulson  located  in  San  Francisco  about  this  time,  and  in  1866  Dr. 
J.  A.  Albertson  went  there.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago.  It  was  in  Dr.  Albertson's  office  that  several  physicians  met 
in  1861  to  consider  the  establishment  of  the  homoeopathic  college  in  San 
Francisco.  He  died  July  7,  189Q.  In  the  spring  of  1867  Dr.  W.  N.  Griswold 
located  in  San  Francisco.  In  June,  1870,  Dr.  Edwin  J.  Eraser  came  there. 
He  had  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in  1864, 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


381 


and  commenced  practice  in  Chicago.  The  next  year  he  went  to  Erie,  Pa,, 
where  he  took  the  practice  of  Dr.  N.  Seymour. 

About  the  same  time  Dr.  J.  P.  Dinsmore  settled  in  San  Francisco.  In 
September,  1874,  Dr.  J.  Murray  Moore,  who  had  practiced  eight  years  in 
Liverpool,  England,  went  there,  as  also  in  1868  did  Dr.  John  Stoat  Beakley,  a 
graduate  of  the  New  York  Homceopathic  Medical  College,  and  who  practiced 
four  months  in  New  York  city. 

Dr.  Frederick  Hiller  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  San  Francisco.  He 
graduated  at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgeons  in  1840,  and  practiced  in 
Europe  until  1848,  when  he  came  to  America.  The  next  winter  he  became 
a  convert  to  homoeopathy  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Pantillon,  with  whom 


John    Esten,    M.    D. 


he  studied  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. '  In  1852  he  journeyed  with  his  wife  and 
child  in  a  great  caravan  of  adventurers,  to  the  Pacific  slope.  The  cholera 
broke  out  in  the  desert  and  he  had  an  opportunity  of  putting  into  practice 
the  homoeopathic  treatment  which  he  had  lately  learned.  He  reached  San 
Francisco  February  i,  1853.  and  soon  established  a  paying  practice,  but  at  the 
solicitation  of  friends  he  went  in  1854  to  Nevada  City,  where  he  established 
the  first  homoeopathic  hospital  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Later  on  he  went  to 
Virginia  City,  Nevada,  remaining  there  seven  years,  and  in  1870  removed 
to  San  Francisco. 

Dr.  John  Esten  practiced  allopathy  four    years,  then  became  a  convert 


382  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

to  homcEopathy  and  in  1858  opened  an  office  in  Rockland,  Maine.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1868,  he  Avent  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  permanently  located.  Dr. 
Maximilian  Werder,  a  native  of  Wurtemburg,  came  to  America  in  1854.  In 
1859  a  severe  affliction  of  the  eyes  compelled  him  to  relinquish  studies  in  St. 
Vincent  College,  Pennsylvania.  The  allopathic  physicians  declared  the  case 
incurable.  He  became  acquainted  with  Drs.  F.  X.  Spranger  and  Dake  of 
Pittsburgh,  placed  himself  under  Spranger's  care,  and  w^as  completely  cured 
in  one  year.  He  then  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Spranger,  graduated  from  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1866,  and  in  1868  started 
for  California  in  search  of  a  milder  climate,  locating  permanently  in  San 
Francisco.  Dr.  John  Floto  started  for  California  in  1850,  but  stopped  when 
he  reached  New  Orleans.  In  i860  he  again  went  west  and  settled  in  San 
Francisco,  practiced  there  twenty  years  and  then  made  Oakland  his  home. 
Dr.  Floto  was  born  in  Prussia ;  was  educated  in  Germany  and  came  to 
America  in  1830,  as  a  Lutheran  minister.  He  attended  Jefferson  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  but  in  1839  matriculated  at  the  Allentown  Academy, 
where  he  graduated.  He  then  located  in  Selma,  Miss.  He  was  one  of  the 
best  known  physicians  in  California,  and  lived  to  enjoy  the  distinction  of 
being  the  oldest  homceopathic  physician  in  the  world.  He  died  at  Oakland, 
June  10,  1904.  at  the  age  of  ninety-nine  years.  Drs.  Carreras,  Hahn  and 
Royer  were  among  the  early  practitioners  in  San  Francisco.  In  1857  there 
were  in  the  city  but  four  homoeopathic  physicians;  in  1870,  fourteen;  in  1885, 
forty-eight;  in  1899,  eighty-eight,  and  in   1904,  ninety. 

As  early  as  1851  Dr.  Bucknell  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy 
at  the  mission  of  San  Jose,  then  in  the  northern  part  of  Santa  Clara  county, 
now  Alameda  county.  On  account  of  weak  lungs  he  went  into  the  interior  in 
the  fall  of  1852.    Dr.  Kimball  located  at  Haywards  about  1861. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Selfridge  commenced  practice  in  Washington  township,  Ala- 
meda county,  in  1863.  In  October,  j866,  he  removed  to  Oakland,  where  he 
found  Dr.  T.  C.  Coxhead,  who  had  been  there  two  years  and  was  the  pioneer 
homoeopath  in  Oakland.  He  first  located  at  Oroville  in  1856.  practiced  there 
five  vears,  then  removed  to  Mendocino,  and  from  there  to  Oakland  in  1864. 
Dr.  i.  M.  Nicholson  located  in  Oakland  in  1868.  In  1874  Dr.  A.  S.  Wright, 
who  had  been  pioneer  in  Nebraska,  removed  to  California,  locating  in  Santa 
Rosa. 

Dr.  Charles  W.  Breyfogle  was  the  pioneer  in  San  Jose,  having  located 
there  in  1872.  His  brother.  Dr.  Fdwin  S.  Breyfogle,  located  there  a  year  or  two 
later.  Dr.  Breyfogle  had  been  in  practice  in  Louisville,  and  ill  health  com- 
pelled him  to  go  to  California.  He  died  in  San  Jose  February  26,  1895.  Dr. 
Hardenstein  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Sacramento  about  1851  or  1852,  and 
left  there  in  1853.  After  he  left  Dr.  Blackburn  opened  an  office  in  the  capital 
city,  but  remained  onlv  a  few  months. 

Dr.  William  Robert  Reud  located  in  Sacramento  in  1870.  He  had 
graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1869 
He  remained  there  two  years,  and  was  succeeded  by  Drs.  J.  K.  Clark  and  H 
H.  Ingerson.  In  1874  Dr.  Tngerson  went  to  San  Francisco.  In  1873  Dr 
W.  A.  Hughson  settled  in  Marysville  and  removed  thence  to  Sacramento 
About  this  time  Drs.  Huessinger.  Kellogg  and  Dixon  located  in  Sacramento 

The  pioneer  in  Stockton  was  Dr.  L.  E.  Cross,  who  went  there  in  1873 
His  brother.  Dr.  S.  N.  Cross,  located  there  in  1877.  A  pioneer  in  Santa 
Barbara  was  Dr.  Edward  T.  Balch. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


383 


The  pioneer  homoeopath  in  San  Diego  was  Dr.  George  W.  Barnes.  He 
graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1851,  and 
located  in  Cleveland,  but  in  1869  ill  health  caused  him  to  go  to  California. 
Drs.  H.  R.  Arndt  and  E.  V.  Norman  have  practiced  there. 

Dr.  H.  H.  In^erson,  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  i860,  was  a  native  of  Vermont.  He  first  located  in  Fonda, 
and  after  having  served  as  surgeon  with  the  nth  New  York  Volunteers  he 
practiced  in  Watertown.  From  there  he  went  to  Cairo,  Illinois,  being  the  first 
homoeopathic  physician  in  that  city.  He  afterwards  practiced  in  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  and  later  in  Peoria,  Illinois,  where  he  was  partner  with  Dr.  Troyer. 


George  W.  Barnes,  M.  D. 


In  1871  ill  health  compelled  him  to  seek  the  Pacific  coast  and  he  located  in 
Sacramento. 

Dr.  Weisecker  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Los  Angeles  and  Dr.  Eady 
Stevenson  was  the  second  practitioner  there.  Dr.  Andrew  S.  Shorb  went 
there  in  1871.  In  1899  there  were  fifty-seven  homoeopathic  physicians  in 
Los  Angeles. 

Dr.  Porter  Stevens  located  in  Napa  City  in  1866.  He  had  been  an  old 
school  practitioner  in  Wisconsin,  and  in  1848  became  interested  in  homoeopathy 
and  in  1849  announced  himself  a  practitioner.  He  was  a  native  of  New  York 
state. 

Dr.  Jonas  C.  Raymond,  who  had  previously  practiced  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 


384 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


went  to  Oakland  in  1877.  He  died  there  on  March  3,  1901.  Dr.  Harrisqn 
Seth  Pelton  located  there  in  1888.  Dr.  E.  W.  Bradley  practiced  for  many 
years  in  Oakland  and  in  Grass  Valley.  Dr.  Leslie  Jacob  Coombs  located  in 
Grass  \'alley  in  1866.     He  had  previously  practiced  in  Oregon. 

HomcEopathic  physicians  in  California  previous  to  1875.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 


i860  Albertson,  J,  A.    San  Francisco 

1851  Barnes,  George  W.     San  Diego 

1857  Bector,  Dr.  x     San  Francisco 

1866  Beakley.  John  Stoat     San  Francisco 
1870  Biber,    M.    x     Stockton 

Blackburn,  Dr.     Sacramento 

1853  Bryant,    Charles    G.      San    Francisco 

1867  Breyfogle,  ■  Charles  W.     San  Jose 

1851  Bucknell,   Dr.   San  Jose 

1857  Brink,  C.  W.  x  San  Francisco 
1870  Carreras,  Dr.  x  San  Francisco 
1870  Clark,  J.  K.  X     Sacramento 

1852  Coombs,  Leslie  J.  *     Grass  Valley 
1856  Coxhead,  T.  C.     Oraville 

1870  Cross,  L.  E.  X     Stockton 

1851  Gushing,  John  J.     San  Francisco 

1870  De  Hart,  E.  J.  x    San  Francisco 

1849  Dinsmore,  J.  Pitman     San  Francisco 

1853  Eckel,  J.  N.     San  Francisco 

1858  Esten,  John  *     San  Francisco 

1839  Floto,    John    Henry      San    Francisco 

1864  Eraser,  Edwin  J.     San  Francisco 
1870  Gardiner,    F.   B.   x     Cloverdale 
1855  Geary,  John  F.     San  Francisco 
1870  Gibson,  W.  C.  x    San  Jose 

1865  Griswold,  W.  N.  x     San  Francisco 
1870  Hahn,  Dr.  x     San  Francisco 

1830  Hardenstein,  A.  O.  H.     Sacramento 


1848 

1873 
i860 
1852 
i860 
1866 
186s 
■1847 
1853 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1850 
1870 
1846 
1863 
1850 
1866 
1870 
1859 


1857 

1870 
1862 
18=0 


Hiller,  Frederick  *    San  Francisco 
Hughson,  W.  A.  x     Marysville 
Ingerson,  H.  H.     Sacramento 
Kafka,  Dr.     San  Francisco 
Kimball,    Dr.      Haywards 
Moore,  J.  Moray     San  Francisco 
Nicholson,   I.    E.     Oakland 
Ober,   Benjamin     San   Francisco 
Paulson,  Dr.  x     San  Francisco 
Porter,  S.  R.  x    Oakland 
Rudolph,  S.  F.  X     Oakland 
Reud,  William  R.     Sacramento 
Richter,    Moritz     San   Francisco 
Royer,  C.  L,  x     San  Francisco 
Rhees,  Morgan  John     Stockton 
Selfridge,  J.  M.  *     Oakland 
Springstead,  David     San  Francisco 
Shepherd,    James    *     Petaluma 
Shorb,  Andrew  S.  x    Los  Angeles 
Stevenson,  Eady     Los  Angeles 
Stevens,  Porter  *     Napa  City 
Thiese,  A.  A.     San  Francisco 
Tobey,    S.  W.  x     Sacramento 
Warren,  Mrs.  Dr.     Los  Angeles 
Weisecker,  Dr.  x     Los  Angeles 
Werder,  M.     San  Francisco 
Wright,  Augustus  S.,  Santa  Rosa 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  385 


CHAPTER  XXXII 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    IOWA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Trials  of  Dr.  Beck,  ihe  First  Homoeopathic  Physician  in  Iowa — Subsequent  Permanent 
Introduction  and  Development  of  the  New  System  in  the  State — Iowa  Medical 
Societies — Remmiscences  and  List  of  Early  Practitioners. 

While  there  is  no  lack  of  homoeopathic  history  in  Iowa,  the  profession 
there  has  recorded  so  little  of  its  interesting  annals  that  the  chronicler  of 
its  events  is  at  once  confronted  with  a  lamentable  absence  of  material  from 
which  to  weave  the  historical  narrative.  Indeed,  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathy 
in  the  region  now  called  Iowa  were  from  the  outset  bent  on  a  more  important 
errand  than  noting  the  history  of  their  movements ;  theirs  was  a  struggle 
for  comfortable  livelihood  in  a  region  which  then  had  recently  come  into  the 
sisterhood  of  states,  for  if  local  tradition  be  true,  it  was  only  five  years  after 
the  character  of  territorial  government  had  been  laid  aside  that  Dr.  Beck 
planted  the  seed  of  Hahnemann's  "tree  of  life  "  in  that  fertile  soil,  in  the 
face  of  such  obstinate  resistance  on  the  part  of  old  school  practitioners  that 
the  worthy  pioneer  was  compelled  to  yield  to  the  pressure  of  adversity  and 
betake  himself  to  a  more  congenial  neighborhood,  where  he  would  be  less 
beset  by  enemies. 

The  story  of  the  growth  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  during  the  ten 
years  next  following  Beck's  advent  is  correctly  told  by  Dr.  Seidlitz  in  a  nar- 
rative in  which  he  said  that  it  was  "  not  very  marked,"  but  that  in  later  years 
the  outspreading  of  the  system  surpassed  the  development  of  the  state  in 
other  respects.  In  1857,  in  all  this  rich  region  there  were  only  nineteen 
homoeopathic  practitioners,  and  in  1870  they  had  increased  to  eighty-two 
in  number.  In  the  next  decade,  1870- 1880,  in  respect  to  increase  in  number 
of  practitioners,  splendid  progress  was  made,  the  number  in  the  state  in 
1880  being  three  hundred  and  eleven ;  in  1890  three  hundred  and  twenty-four; 
and  in  1904  three  hundred  and  seventy. 

Much  of  this  notable  progress  during  the  last  thirty  years  has  been  due 
to  the  founding  of  a  homoeopathic  department  in  the  state  university,  and 
in  the  sweeping  away  of  the  obstacles  which  the  old  school  doctors  placed  in 
the  pathway  of  the  homoeopath  to  impede  the  progress  of  his  school  of 
medicine  and  the  advancement  of  its  science.  The  establishment  of  a  homoe- 
opathic department  in  the  university  was  nothing  more  than  a  recognition  of 
right  and  justice,  and  was  not  in  any  sense  a  concession;  and  its  successful 
accomplishment  required  only  the  application  of  intelligent  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  powers  controlling  the  physical  affairs  of  that  public  institution.  How- 
ever, the  homoeopathic  department  of  the  University  of  Iowa  is  made  the 
subject  of  special  mention  in  one  of  the  later  chapters  of  this  work. 


386  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

MEDICAL    SOCIETIES. 

The  Iowa  Homoeopathic  ]\Iedical  Association  was  organized  at  a  meet- 
ing of  physicians  held  in  Davenport,  May  21,  1862,  and  while  from  the  first 
the  interest  shown  in  its  welfare  was  commendable,  the  disturbed  conditions 
which  then  prevailed  throughout  the  country  on  account  of  the  civil  war 
made  the  continuance  of  the  society  impracticable. 

The  Society  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  of  Iowa  was  organized  in  Des 
Moines,  ]\Iay  31,  1870.  The  Cedar  Valley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was 
organized  at  Waterloo,  September  30.  1875.  The  Central  Homoeopathic  Med- 
ical Association  was  organized  at  Cedar  Rapids,  January  29,  1879.  The 
Hardin  County  Society  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  was  organized  about 
1875.  The  Linn  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at 
Marion,  June  23,  1875.  The  Northeastern  Iowa  Homoeopathic  Medical  So- 
ciety was  organized  at  the  second  meeting  of  the  Cedar  Valley  Society,  at 
Waterloo,  October  28,  1875,  by  changing  the  name  of  the  latter.  The  North 
Missouri  \'alley  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  at  Hamburg, 
Iowa,  June  i,  1876.  The  Polk  County  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was 
organized  at  Des  Moines  in  May,  1882.  The  Scott  County  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  was  organized  at  Davenport  in  1883.  The  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  of  Woodbury  County  was  organized  at  Sioux  City.  Decem- 
ber 27,  1888,  and  on  May  7,  1889,  the  name  w^as  changed  to  Sioux  City 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Association.  The  Des  Moines  Homoeopathic  Clinical 
Society  was  organized  in   1890  or   1891. 

REMINISCENCES. 

In  1853,  about  the  time  that  Dr.  Beck  abandoned  his  station  in  Du- 
buque, Dr.  Nathaniel  Dodge  brought  the  new  system  to  Mount  Pleasant 
in  Henry  county,  but  left  in  1855,  being  succeeded  by  Dr.  C.  P.  Smith, 
who  maintained  himself  there  until  1859.  Among  the  other  early 
practitioners  in  that  vicinity  were  Dr.  C.  A.  Miller,  who  settled  in  Mount 
Pleasant  in  1858  and  left  in  1861  ;  Dr.  C.  A.  Ritcher,  who  later  removed  to 
Florida ;  Dr.  F.  C.  Pitcher,  of  whose  coming  and  going  little  is  known ;  Dr. 
Clement  Pearson,  who  began  practice  in  1850  in  Wellsville,  Ohio,  removed  to 
Iowa  in  1857,  to  Washington.  D.  C.  in  1874,  and  died  there  January  29, 
1886;  Dr.  John  Peter  Connelly,  born  in  Ireland,  came  to  America  in  1833, 
taught  school  in  Ohio  and  studied  homoeopathy  at  the  same  time,  secured 
a  supply  of  medicines  and  began  practice  about  1840,  and  located  himself 
in   Tuscarawas  county   in    1863. 

Dr.  Wilmot  Horton  Dickinson  located  in  Des  Moines  in  1858.  He  had 
graduated  from  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  Cleveland 
in  that  year.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Hunter  of  Louisville,  Ky..  and 
with  Dr.  Jones  of  Penfield,  Ga.  Dr.  Dickinson  became  one  of  the  leading 
phvsicians  of  the  homoeopathic  school  in  Iowa.  He  died  October  26.  1898. 
Drs.  W.  B.  Hart  well.  K.  W.  Garberich,  A.  O.  Hunter,  S.  S.  Hersey,  C.  W. 
Eaton,  Mrs.  E.  F.  D.  Fletcher,  H.  Matter  and  R.  M.  Stone  were  among  the 
other  early  practitioners  in  Des  Moines.  In  1876  there  were  but  seven 
homoeoppthists  there;  m   1904.  twenty-seven. 

The  pioneer  practitioner  in  Clinton  count}  was  Dr.  Mortimer  Marston, 
who  located  in  Clinton  in  1863.  Dr.  Marston  had  studied  with  Dr.  Wag- 
goner of  DeWitt.  and  attended  lectures  in  Keokuk.     He  established  a  large 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  387 

practice  in  Clinton,  and  died  March  21,  1868.  Dr.  C.  H.  Cogswell,  Mrs. 
Cogswell.  Drs.  E.  H.  King,  S.  P.  Yeomans  and  Mrs.  Dr.  Yeomans  also  prac- 
ticed in  Clinton. 

In  1856  Dr.  Edward  Augustus  Guilbert  located  in  Dubuque.  He  had 
graduated  from  the  Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in  1847,  ^^d  com- 
menced practice  in  Ottawa,  Illinois,  going  from  there  to  Waukegan,  where 
he  remained  until  1852.  During  this  time  he  experimented  with  and  con- 
vinced himself  of  the  truth  of  homoeopathy  and  adopted  it  in  his  practice. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  Dubuque,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  has  been  one 
of  the  most  prominent  physicians  in  the  state  and  has  taken  an  earnest  inter- 
est in  the  contests  for  legislative  rights  and  other  advancement  of  the  cause 
of  homoeopathy.  In  1876  he  published  one  volume  of  the  "  Northwestern 
Annalist,"  a  popular  paper  devoted  to  the  championship  of  homoeopathv  in 
the  fight  that  raged  at  that  time  for  the  introduction  of  homoeopathy  into  the 
Iowa    state    university. 

Dr.  Robert  Louis  Hill  was  a  student  of  Dr.  Guilbert  and  in  1864,  after 
graduating  from  the  Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago,  became  junior  part- 
ner with  his  preceptor.     In  1867  he  removed  to  Illinois. 

About  1857  Dr.  Edward  C.  Franklin  returned  from  California  and  prac- 
ticed for  a  short  time  in  Dubuque  after  he  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy. 
He  went  to  St.  Louis  in  1857.  Drs.  S.  H.  Guilbert,  E.  R.  Jackson,  S.  Mills 
Fowler  and  R.  S.  Gee  were  early  practitioners  in  Dubuque. 

As  early  as  1857  there  were  four  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Daven- 
port, Drs.  Gehson.  C.  Haight,  W.  S.  Minier  and  H.  E.  Stone. 

Dr.  Savina  L.  Williams,  who  had  been  a  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in 
Ohio  since  1856,  located  in  Clarence,  Cedar  county,  in  1869.  Her  husband, 
Dr.  Isaiah  Williams,  was  also  a  practitioner. 

In  1865  Dr.  S.  A.  Merrill  commenced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in 
Council  Bluffs.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  accepted  a  position  in  the 
United  States  Military  Hospital  in  Kansas  City,  which  was  at  that  time  under 
homoeopathic  care,  remained  there  two  years,  and  then  began  practice.  In 
1863  Drs.  W.  L.  Patten,  W.  D.  Stillman  and  T.  Jeffries  were  practitioners  in 
Council  Bluffs.     In  1899  nine  homoeopathic  physicians  were  practicing  there. 

The  first  woman  physician  to  settle  in  Iowa,  and  perhaps  the  first  to 
locate  between  the  Mississippi  river  and  the  Rocky  mountains,  was  Dr.  Maria 
W.  Porter,  who  studied  medicine  in  Pittsburgh  with  Df.  J.  P.  Dake,  and  took 
two  courses  in  the  Women's  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  graduating  in 
1859.  She  then  came  with  her  family  to  Davenport  and  gained  considerable 
prominence  by  giving  a  course  of  medical  lectures.  Few  of  the  people  there 
had  heard  of  a  woman  physician  and  in  consequence  Dr.  Porter  had  many 
prejudices  to  overcome;  not  only  prejudice  against  her  sex,  but  the  fact 
that  she  was  a  homoeopathist.  She  overcame  this,  however,  and  became  one  of 
the  leading  women  in  the  town  in  various  charitable  works.  She  died  Sep- 
tember 8,  1888. 

Dr.  George  M.  Seidlitz  located  in  Keokuk  about  1864.  He  received  his 
medical  education  in  Europe  and  practiced  allopathy  several  years,  becoming 
a  homoeopath  about  1850. 

Dr.  John  W.  Davis,  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  the  George- 
town University  in  Washington,  D.  C.  became  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  in 
1865,  and  began  its  practice  in  Lansing. 

Dr.   Richard   M.   James   was   a   pioneer  homoeopath   in   Knoxville,   about 


388 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


1854,  having  been  an  old  school  practitioner  previous  to  that  time.  He  left 
Knoxville  in  July,  1867. 

Dr.  Edward  Walther  was  the  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Elkader,  Clinton 
county,  in  1862.  He  was  successful  in  a  severe  epidemic  of  diphtheria  that 
occurred  at  that  time.  He  afterward  went  into  partnership  with  Dr.  C.  D. 
Williams  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Dr.  Calvin  C.  Waggoner  practiced  in  Cedar  Rapids  from  about  i860 
to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1867. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Iowa  previous  to  1870.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoeopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  before 
the  date  given. 


1862  Austin,  p.  A.  X     Muscatine  1867 

1870  Baker,  R.  F.  x     Davenport  1867 

1869  Bancroft,    Augustine   A.     Burlington  1870 

1857  Barthol,  Dr.  x  Guttenburgh  1857 
1853  Blakesley,  James  M.  Iowa  City  1865 
1862  Blanding,  A.  O.  x  Lyons  1863 
1862  Brown,  J.  Emory  x     E.  Mitchell  1858 

1870  Brewer,  E.  x    Independence  1857 

1858  Burt,  William  H.     Lyons  1870 

1857  Chase,  H.  C.  x  Yankee  Settlement  1862 
1866  Cogswell,  C.  H.  Clinton  1857 
1840  Connelly,   Peter  J.     Des  Moines  1870 

1858  Dickinson,  Wilmot  H-     Des  Moines  1857 

1853  Dodge,  Nathaniel  Mount  Pleasant  1850 
1865  Davis,  John  W.  *  Lansing  1870 
1862  Ehinger,  G.  E.  x  Franklin  Centre  1870 
1870  Fintel,  P.  C.  x  Blue  Grass  1870 
1870  Fletcher,  L  H.  x     Toledo  1857 

1856  Franklin,  Edward  C.  *     Dubuque  1857 

1857  Gehson,  Dr.  x  Davenport  1870 
1870  Greene,  S.  W.  x  Manchester  1870 
1852  Guilbert,  Edward  A.  *  Dubuque  1862 
1857  Guilbert,  S.  H.  Dubuque  1850 
1857  Haight,  C  X  Davenport  1870 
1852  Hatch,  Philo  L.  Dubuque  1857 
1857  Hindman.  David  R.  Marion  1855 
1864  Hill,  Robert  Louis,  Dubuque  1870 
1857  Holcomb,  Dr.  x  Keokuk  1857 
1857  Hollingsworth,  Dr.  x  Keokuk  1870 
1862  Hummer,  J.  N.  x  Keokuk  1870 
1869  Hunter,  A.  O.  x  Des  Moines  1862 
1869  Hillis,  L.  X  Winterset  i860 
1869  Holt.  L.  E.  B.  X  Marshalltown  1870 
1857  Jaeger,  C.  A.  x  Guttenburgh  1862 
1862  Jackson,    E.    x      Epworth  1856 

1854  James,  Richard   M.     *     Knoxville  i860 


King,  Edward  H.     Clinton 
King,  JohJi  E.     Fairfield 
Kludge,  Albert  x     Elkport 
Lillis,  W-  B.  x     Dubuque 
Marston,    Mortimer  D.     Clinton 
Merrill,  S.  A.     *     Council  Bluffs 
Miller,  A.  x     Mount  Pleasant 
Minier,  W.   S.  x     Davenport 
Olney,  S.  B.  x     Fort  Dodge 
Palmer,   N.   H.   x     St.   Charles   City 
Patchen,  U.  R.     Burlington 
Patchen,  G.  H.  x     Burlington 
Paine,  E.  R-  x     Burlington 
Pearson,    Clement      Mount    Pleasant 
Porter,  Mrs.  M.  W.  x     Davenport 
Pitcher,  A.  C.  x    Mount  Pleasant 
Pitcher,  F.  C.  x     Mount  Pleasant 
Potts,  O.   G.   x     Keokuk 
Prowell,  J.  M.  x     Keokuk 
Poulson,  P.  W.  X     Council  Bluffs 
Russell,  W.  C.  X     Calamus 
Rust,  J.  D.  X     Floyd 
Seidlitz,  George  M.  *     Keokuk 
Stanley,  George  M.  x     Cedar  Rapids 
Skiles,  Dr.  x     Iowa  City 
Smith,  C.  P.  X     Mount  Pleasant 
Starr,    C.    x     Iowa   City 
Stone,  G.  E.  x    Davenport 
Virgin,  W.  T.  x     Burlington 
Waggoner,   M.   R.   x     DeWitt 
Waggoner,  G.  J.  x     Maquoketa 
Waggoner,  Calvin  C.     Cedar  Rapids 
Whitlock,  F.  W.  X     Farmington 
Worley.  P.  H.  x     Davenport 
Williams,  Savina  L.  *     Waterloo 
Walther,  Edward  Elkader 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  389 


CHAPTER  XXXHI 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    MINNESOTA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Relations    of    Civil    and    Homoeopathic    History    in    Minnesota — Planting    Hahnemann's 
System  in  the  State — Societies  and  Hospitals — Reminiscences  of  Early  Practitioners. 

History  records  the  discovery  of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  in  1680,  the 
cession  of  the  territory  by  France  to  Great  Britain  and  the  final  extinction 
of  the  French  dominion  in  America  in  1763,  and  the  acquisition  of  the  same 
territory  by  the  United  States  under  the  treaty  with  Great  Britain  in  1783. 
The  Territory  of  Minnesota  was  organized  by  congress  March  3,  1849,  ^""^ 
on  May  11,  1858,  became  a  state  of  the  federal  union.  In  1852,  three  years 
after  the  creation  of  the  territorial  jurisdiction,  one  Dr.  Sperry  carried  the 
gospel  of  Hahnemann  into  the  region  of  St.  Paul,  and  before  statehood  was 
established  several  other  homoeopathic  physicians  were  promulgating  the 
same  doctrine  in  the  territory. 

From  this  humble  beginning  homoeopathy  has  grown  in  Minnesota  until 
the  state  is  reckoned  among  the  foremost  states  of  the  union  in  fostering 
and  advancing  the  teachings  of  the  system,  giving  encouragement  to  its  repre- 
sentatives, and  teaching  its  principles  to  whomsoever  may  apply  at  the  doors 
of  the  university  with  the  equipment  of  proficiency.  The  establishment  of  a 
homoeopathic  department  in  the  university  was  not  difficulty  of  accomplish- 
ment, yet  required  earnest  and  well  directed  effort ;  and  once  installed  as  a 
part  of  institutional  life  it  proved  its  usefulness  in  the  wide  field  of  medical 
education.  There  were  in  the  state  in  1857  four  homoeopathic  practitioners ; 
seventy  in  1877;  one  hundred  and  eleven  in  1881 ;  and  one  hundred  and 
eighty-eight  in   1904. 

Again,  Minnesota  is  one  of  the  few  states  that  have  public  hospitals, 
sometimes  referred  to  as  insane  asylums,  under  exclusive  homoeopathic  med- 
ical supervision.  The  state  hospital  at  Furgus  Falls  was  opened  July  29.  1890, 
with  Dr.  Alonzo  Potter  Williamson  as  medical  superintendent,  and  Dr.  A. 
S.  Dolan,  first  assistant  physician.  Dr.  Williamson  resigned  his  office  in  1892 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  George  O.  Welch,  the  present  superintendent. 

Among  the  early  notable  characters  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the 
homoeopathic  system  in  Minnesota  was  one  who  was  not  of  the  profession  in 
practice  as  a  means  of  livelihood,  yet  was  an  important  part  of  it  in  that  he 
gave  his  services  for  the  welfare  of  suffering  humanity.  Rev.  Father  Qemens 
Staub  was  an  authorized  practitioner  of  medicine,  and  also  was  the  faithful 
head  of  the  Church  of  the  Assumption  (German  Catholic)  of  St.  Paul,  which 
city  and  its  locality  constituted  the  field  of  his  activities  for  many  years.  He 
practiced  medicine  as  he  served  his  church — without  accepting  fees  for  his 
services;  and  whatsoever  was  given  him  as  a  gratuity  was  devoted  to  the 
work  of  his  mission.     "Father  Clemens."  died  in   1886. 

The  homoepathic  profession  of  Minnesota  was  early  in  the  field  witli 
the  work  of  organization,  both  in  the  formation  of  societies  and  iiospital  asso- 


390  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

ciations,  and  in  this  respect  the  state  is  as  well  supplied  with  institutions  as 
anv  in  the  northwest.  Of  some  of  the  more  prominent  of  these  a  brief  notice 
in  this  place  is  proper. 

MINNESOTA    STATE    HOMOEOPATHIC    INSTITUTE. 

The  foundation  of  the  state  homoeopathic  medical  society  was  laid  at  a 
meeting  of  three  physicians — Huntington,  Boyd  and  Williams — in  St.  Paul 
late  in  the  winter  of  1867.  and  at  a  formal  gathering  of  the  physicians  of  the 
state  on  February  13  of  that  year  the  organization  was  perfected,  with  these 
officers :  Dr.  A\'illiam  A.  Penniman  of  Minneapolis,  president ;  Dr.  E.  Cooley 
of  Faribault,  vice-president ;  Dr.  T.  R.  Huntington  of  Minneapolis,  corre- 
sponding secretary ;  Dr.  H.  Wedelstaedt  of  St.  Paul,  recording  secretary. 
Since  that  time  the  institute  has  maintained  an  active,  healthful  existence  and 
has  accomplished  much  good  as  the  conservator  of  homoeopathic  life  and 
practice  in  the  state.  The  Southern  Minnesota  Homoeopathic  Medical  So- 
ciety was  organized  in  October,  1871,  but  later  was  merged  in  the  state 
society. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  of  Minneapolis  had  its  foundation  in  a  pro- 
vision in  the  last  will  of  Dr.  William  A.  Penniman,  who  died  in  1872  and 
bequeathed  the  sum  of  $30,000  to  be  used  in  establishing  a  homoeopathic  hos- 
pital in  the  city.  Under  the  plan  of  organization  adopted  by  the  corporation 
created  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  the  testator,  the  institution  was  given 
the  name  of  Penniman  Hospital  of  Minneapolis,  but  after  much  of  the  pre- 
liminary^ work  had  been  done  the  project  failed  through  a  technical  irregu- 
larity in  the  will,  which  left  the  hospital  association  without  funds.  How- 
ever, steps  were  at  once  taken  to  create  a  new  fund  through  other  sources, 
and  in  January,  1883,  a  homoeopathic  hospital  was  opened  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  Hahnemann  Ward  Association.     It  was  continued  until  1896. 

The  Maternity  Hospital,  Minneapolis,  was  incorporated  July  29,  1887, 
although  the  institution  itself  had  been  founded  and  opened  in  November  of 
the  preceding  year.  It  still  exists  and  is  supported  by  pay  patients  and  volun- 
tary contributions.  It  always  has  been  strictly  homoeopathic  in  medical  super- 
vision. 

The  St.  Paul  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  incorporated  in  January.  1887, 
and  was  opened  August  15  following.  The  present  hospital  building  was 
erected  and  the  nurses'  training  school  established  in  1889. 

REMINISCENCES. 

The  honor  of  having  been  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  is 
due  to  Dr.  Sperry,  who  has  been  mentioned,  and  Dr.  Z.  B.  Nichols,  both  of 
whom  are  said  to  have  located  in  St.  Paul  in  1852;  but  the  stay  of  the 
former  was  short,  while  the  latter  remained  and  became  an  important  figure 
in  professional  circles,  especially  as  physician  to  the  asylum  for  deaf,  mute 
and  blind  in  Faribault,  of  which  institution  he  was  the  efficient  medical  head 
for  seventeen  years.     Later  on  he  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon. 

Dr.  George  T.  Hatfield  settled  in  St.  Paul  in  1854,  and  remained  there 
until  1859,  when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  While  in  St.  Paul  he  pub- 
lished the  "  Minnesota  Homoeopath,"  a  bi-monthly  journal  started  in  1854.  In 
the  same  year  Dr.  E.  A.  Boyd  came  from  Maine,  practiced  for  a  time  in  St. 
Paul,  and  then  located  in  a  little  settlement  five  miles  north,  known  as  Little 
Canada.     In   1855  Dr.  H.  Wedelstaedt  opened  an  office  in  the  town,  and  in 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


391 


the  same  year  Dr.  John  C.  Merrill,  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Boyd,  located  in  St.  Paul, 
but  after  about  two  years  returned  to  the  east.  Dr.  T.  C.  Bunting  came  in 
1856,  and  remained  two  years. 

Dr.  Dunham  located  in  St.  Paul  in  1857.  He  was  a  native  of  New 
York,  and  at  the  end  of  two  years  returned  to  that  city.  In  1859  Drs.  T.  C. 
Schell  of  New  York  and  William  C.  Caine  of  Ohio,  located  in  the  city.  In 
1861  Dr.  Charles  D.  Williams  removed  from  Qeveland,  Ohio,  to  St.  Paul, 
where  he  became  a  partner  with  Dr.  Caine.  Dr.  Williams  had  practiced  in 
New  York  state  and  later  in  Cleveland,  and  was  interested  in  the  homoe- 
opathic college  of  that  city.     He  died  May  7,  1882. 

Dr.  Edward  Walther,  who  had  been  in  practice  in  Elkader,  Iowa,  located 


W'm.   H.   Leonard,   M.  D. 


in  St.  Paul  about  1865,  and  became  partner  with  Dr.  Williams.  In  1867  Dr. 
James  T.  Alley  located  in  the  city.  He  was  a  former  New  York  practitioner, 
and  came  to  Minnesota  on  account  of  his  health.  He  died  September  17, 
1878.  In  1857  there  were  three  homoeopathic  physicians  in  St.  Paul ;  in  1875, 
nine;  in   1880,  eleven;  in   1896.  thirty-six;  and  in    1904,   twenty-nine. 

The  pioneer  homoeopath  in  Minneapolis  was  Dr.  Philo  L.  Hatch,  who  had 
practiced  in  Dubuque  from  1852  to  May,  1858,  when  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis. Dr.  Hatch  has  been  for  many  years  a  student  of  natural  sciences,  and 
also  a  member  of  various  societies  of  natural  history.  For  thirteen  years  he 
was  state  ornithologist,  and  for  several  years  has  been  connected  with  the 
homoeopathic  department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota. 


392  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

In  1859  Dr.  William  Huntington  Leonard  announced  his  belief  in 
homoeopathy.  He  had  practiced  allopathy  in  Orangeville,  Wyoming  county. 
New  York,  from  1853  to  1855,  then  went  to  Minneapolis  and  continued  prac- 
tice according  to  the  old  school  four  years  more.  He  entered  the  army  as 
assistant  surgeon,  and  later  became  surgeon  of  the  Fifth  regiment,  Minne- 
sota volunteers,  serving  three  years.  He  was  associated  with  Thomas  Gardner 
under  the  firm  name  of  W.  H.  Leonard  &  Co.,  operating  the  first  drug  store 
in  Minneapolis.  In  March,  1903,  Dr.  Leonard  celebrated  his  fiftieth  anni- 
versary as  a  physician,  at  which  time  physicians  of  both  schools  extended 
hearty  congratulations. 

In  1856  Dr.  William  Penniman,  who  had  been  in  practice  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  came  to  Minnesota,  locating  in  St.  Anthony,  but  two  years  later  removed 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  practiced  until  1870,  when  he  retired  from  active 
Hfe.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Jeflferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  and 
practiced  allopathy  until  1849,  when  he  became  a  homoeopathist.  He  be- 
queathed to  his  adopted  city  thirty  thousand  dollars  for  a  homoeopathic  hos- 
pital, and  ten  thousand  dollars  for  a  chair  of  homoeopathy  in  the  University 
f)f  Minnesota.     Ho  died  in  Elizabeth,  Pa.,  in  1872. 

Dr.  T.  Romayn  Huntington  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1867.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  185 1,  and  adopted 
homa-opathy  the  next  year.  He  had  previously  practiced  in  Kalamazoo, 
^lichigan.     He  died  in  March,  1873. 

Dr.  D.  M.  Goodwin  from  Vermont,  located  in  St.  Anthony  in  1867.  ^^ 
1868  Dr.  Julius  Nelson  DeWitt,  who  had  an  extensive  practice  in  St.  Louis, 
removed  to  Minneapolis  on  account  of  his  health,  remained  two  years,  and 
then  returned  to  Illinois,  his  home,  where  he  died  in  1870.  In  1870  Dr. 
Otis  M.  Humphrey  from  Boston,  located  in  Minneapolis,  and  in  t88i  Dr. 
Henry  W.  Brazie  settled  in  that  city,  having  previously  practiced  in  Ypsilanti, 
Michigan.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Western  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
of  Cleveland  in  1870.  Dr.  Henry  C.  Aldrich  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1881,  practiced  for  a  few  years  in  Iowa,  and 
located  in  Minneapolis  in  1887.  Dr.  Arthur  A.  Camp  located  there  in  1878. 
He  graduated  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  ]\Icdical  College  in  1878.  In 
1859  there  was  but  one  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  Minneapolis:  in  1877, 
eight;  in  1881,  twenty-four;  in  1896,  sixty-two;  in  1904,  fifty-eight. 

As  early  as  1856  Dr.  John  N.  Wheat  located  in  Austin,  Alower  county, 
where  he  remained  many  years.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Western  College 
of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1852.  In  1899  there  were  five  homoeopathic 
practitioners  in  Austin. 

Dr.  A.  G.  Dornberg,  formerly  of  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  Mankato  in 
1858,  and  in  1865  Dr.  A.  L.  Dornberg,  his  son,  also  commenced  the  practice 
of  homoeopathy  in  that  place.  The  town  now  supports  four  homoeopathic  phy- 
sicians. 

Dr.  Charles  S.  Weber  located  in  St.  Goud  in  1862,  and  carried  on  a 
pharmacv  in  connection  with  his  practice.  He  died  in  1881.  Dr.  A.  Hageman 
was  in  practice  in  St.  Goud  in  1867.  Later  Dr.  James  H.  Beatty  occupied 
that  field. 

Dr.  Edwin  C.  Cross  located  in  Rochester  in  1857.  He  had  graduated 
from  the  Woodstock  Medical  College.  \^crmont,  and  in  1846  commenced  the 
practice  of  allopathy  in  Levden.  Mass.  From  1850  to  1857  he  practiced  in 
Brattleboro,    \crmont,    and    while    there    adopted    the    homoeopathic    system. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY 


393 


During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  surgeon  of  the  provost  board  for  the  first 
congressional  district  of  Minnesota. 

Dr.  Qiarles  Isaac  Farley  graduated  from  the  medical  college  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont  in  1859,  and  after  practicing  in  New  York  state  attended 
lectures  at  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College.  He  resumed  prac- 
tice in  Malone,  N.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of  1862,  and  came  to  Minnesota  in 
August  of  the  same  year.  He  arrived  there  just  before  the  terrible  massacre 
of  whites  by  the  Indians  and  took  part  in  several  of  the  battles ;  he  served  in 
the  Second  Minnesota  cavalry.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  went  to  Fort  Wads- 
worth,  Dakota,  remaining  there  eighteen  months  as  surgeon.  In  1866  he  was 
mustered  out  and  then  practiced  in  Winnebago  City,  Faribault  county,  remain- 
ing there  until  1867,  when  he  returned  to  New  York  state. 

Dr.  D.  B.  Haslam  settled  in  Chatfield,  Fillmore  county,  in  1866.  He  had 
been  assistant  to  a  physician  with  a  large  practice  in  England,  but  had  be- 
come disgusted  with  allopathy  and  gave  up  his  position.  He  investigated 
homoeopathy  and  began  its  practice  in  1847. 

Dr.  M.  L.  Casselberry  settled  in  Winona  and  practiced  there  previous 
to  1857.  Dr.  Thomas  Adams  Peirce  located  there  in  1863.  He  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1850,  had  prac- 
ticed in  Wilkes-Barre.  Pa.,  and  in  Waukegan,  Illinois,  and  in  1862  or  1863 
located  in  Winona,  where  he  made  his  permanent  home. 

Dr.  Simon  P.  Starrett  located  in  Anoka  in  1880  and  succeeded  in  build- 
ing up  a  good  practice,  but  was  stricken  and  died  January  3,  1883. 

Dr.  George  Henry  Hawes  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago  in  1876  and  located  in  Hastings,  Dakota  county,  where  he 
practiced  until  his  death,  April  27,  1892. 

Dr.  Alfred  P.  Skeels  located  in  Northfield  in  1869.  For  three  years  he 
had  a  large  practice,  but  died  in  1872  of  pulmonary  trouble. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Minnesota  previous  to  1870.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some 
other  school;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine 
before  the  date  given. 


1855  Alley,  James  T.  *     St.  Paul 

1869  Allen,  Wilson  A.     Rochester 

1866  Beach,    Dr.    x      Faribault 

1866  Berlin,  T.  N.  x     Farmington 

1865  Beckwith.    Edmund     Rochester 
1869  Bell.  J.   S.   X     Rochester 

1869  Bird,    O.   X     Duluth 

1854  Boyd,   E.   A.   x     St.   Paul 

1871  Brazie,   Henry  W-     Minneapolis 

1855  Bunting,  Thomas  C.     St.  Paul 
1S52  Caine,  William     C.  *     St.  Paul 
1868  Canney,  F.  E.  J.  x     Lake  City 
1857  Casselberrv.  M.  L.  x     Winona 
1868  Chapman.  F.  D.  x     St.  Paul 

1866  Cooley,   Edson  x     Faribault 
1855  Cross,  Edwin  C.  *     Rochester 

1867  DeWitt,  Julius  N.     Minneapolis 
1857  Dornberg,  A.  G.  x     Mankato 
1865  Dornberg,  A.  L.     Mankato 
t8=;7  Dunham.  Dr.     St.  Paul 


i860  Farley,   Charles   T.     Winnebago   City 

1855  French.    D.    S.      Shakopee 

1870  Goodwin,  D.   M.  c   Minneapolis 

1863  Gilchrist.  James  G.     Owatonna 

1867  Hall,  John  B.  x     Shakopee 

i8';2  Hatch,  Philo  L.     Minneapolis 

1853  Hadfield,  George  T.     St.  Paul 
1867  Hageman.   A.   x     St.    Cloud 
1847  Haslam,  D.  B.  *     Chatfield 
i86g  Horst,   John    x 

1865  Higbee,  C  G.     St.  Paul 

1852  Huntington'.  T.  R.  *     Minneapolis 

1870  Humphrey,  Otis  M.     Minneapolis 

185Q  Leonard.  W.  H.  *     Minneapolis 

1870  Lathrop,  E.  x     Northfield 

1854  Merrill.  John  C.  x     St.  Paul 
1863  Messenger.  Dr.  x     Owatonna 
1850  Nichols,   E.  B.     Faribault 

1840  Penniman.  William  A.  *    Minneapolis 

i8t;o  Peirce,  Thomas   A.     Winona 


394 

i867 
1863 
1859 
1867 
1852 
1870 
1870 
1862 
1866 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


I 


Righter.  C.  C.  x     Hastings  1867 

Staub,  Rev.  Clemens     St.  Paul  1855 

Schell,  Thomas  C.  x     St.  Paul  1867 

Skeels,  Alfred  P.     Northfield  1867 

Sperry,  Dr.   x     St.   Paul  1866 

Store,   Robert     St.    Paul  1866 

Timmons,  I.  W.     Houston  1867 

Walther.   Edward     St.   Paul  1852 

Warner,  Edward   S.  x  1840 


Wakefield,  Dr.  x     Monticello 
Wedelstaedt,  H.     St.  Paul 
Weber,  Charles  S.     St.  Cloud 
Weigman,  Carl  x     St.  Paul 
Westfall,  J.  M.  x    Rochester 
Whittemore,  J.  G.  x     Glenwood 
Whiteman,  Russell  x     Anoka 
Wheat,  John  N.     Rochester 
Williams,  Charles  D.  *     St.  Paul 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  395 


CHAPTER  XXXIV 

HOAIOEOrATHV    IX    MISSISSIPPI. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  Planting  of  Homa;opathy  in  Mississippi  by  Dr.  Davis — His  Early  Experiences — 
Growth  of  Hahnemann's  System  of  Medicine  in  the  State — The  State  Medical 
Society — Reminiscences  and  List  of  Early  Practitioners. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Mississippi  about  1847  by  Dr.  Augustus 
Frederick  Davis,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  in  Washington,  Mason  county, 
in  1802.  He  graduated  from  Transylvania  University  in  1824,  and  began 
practice  in  Augusta,  remaining  there  nine  years.  In  1833  he  settled  for  prac- 
tice in  Natchez,  but  having  soon  become  disgusted  with  the  old  school  meth- 
ods, he  dropped  it,  went  to  Cincinnati  in  1846,  and  under  the  guidance  of  Dr. 
Pulte  took  up  the  study  of  homoeopathy.  In  1847  he  returned  to  Natchez, 
where  he  soon  established  a  large  practice  according  to  the  law  of  similars. 

Such  was  the  beginning  of  homoeopathy  in  this  state,  and  from  it  the  later 
growth  of  the  school  here  has  developed.  At  no  time,  however,  has  the  num- 
ber of  its  practitioners  exceeded  eleven,  in  1878,  and  in  1904  there  were  only 
four  homcEopathic  physicians  within  the  borders  of  Mississippi.  But,  not- 
withstanding the  lack  of  numerical  strength  a  state  medical  society  was 
formed  in  1889,  under  the  name  of  the  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  So- 
ciety of  Mississippi,  and  incorporated  during  the  same  year.  Its  constituent 
members  were  Drs.  Eugene  A.  Guilbert,  H.  J.  Coleman,  J.  C.  French,  A.  O. 
Hardenstein,  B.  D.  Chase,  H.  P.  Cook,  H.  Bewlay  and  Jesse  R.  Jones,  which 
represented  about  the  strength  of  the  profession  in  the  state  at  that  time. 

As  near  as  can  be  determined,  the  earliest  homoeopaths  in  the  state  were 
Dr.  Davis,  the  pioneer,  in  Natchez ;  Dr.  Brown  in  Jackson ;  Dr.  W.  C.  Wren 
in  Woodville ;  Dr.  J.  B.  Smith  in  Camden ;  Dr.  F.  K.'  Hammond  in  Aber- 
deen ;  Dr.  H.  J.  Colem.an  in  Rodney ;  and  Drs.  Fegarden  and  W.  J.  Gibson 
in  Fayette. 

In  relating  his  early  experiences  both  as  an  allopath  and  as  a  homoe- 
opath. Dr.  Davis  said:  "I  landed  here  (Natchez)  on  the  third  of  May, 
1833.  Cholera  w^as  prevailing  as  an  epidemic.  Having  had  some  experience 
in  the  treatment  of  it  in  Kentucky  I  was  better  prepared  to  meet  it  than  were 
the  resident  physicians.  Mv  success  was  such  that  in  less  than  a  year  I  had 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In  1837  we  had  yellow  fever  as  an  epidemic 
and  I  was  taken  down  with  it  in  September.  I  took  a  little  calomel  and 
quinine  for  two  days,  then  abandoned  medicines  and  let  nature,  untram- 
meled,  do  her  own  work.  In  a  few  days  I  was  convalescent.  Although  I 
continued  practice  my  faith  in  drugging  was  terribly  shaken.  In  1846  I  had 
abandoned  old  school  teachings  and  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  homoe- 
opathic svstem,  I  adopted  it  and  announced  to  the  public  that  I  would  treat 
diseases  to  the  best  of  my  ability  in  accordance  with  the  homoeopathic  law, 
I  was  the  first  physician  located  in  the  lower  valley  of  the  Mississippi  that 
proposed  practicing  homoeopathy,  with  the  exception  of  one  in  New  Orleans, 


396  HISTORY  OFHOMCEOPATHY 

who  died  after  a  few  months"  residence.  In  1853  Dr.  Wilham  H.  Holcombe 
came  to  my  neighborhood  to  take  charge  of  the  family  of  Mr.  Marshall,  a 
large  planter.  He  was  stricken  down  with  yellow  fever  and  after  his  recov- 
ery his  wife  had  the  disease.  I  took  them  to  my  home,  and  afterward  asso- 
ciated the  doctor  with  me  in  practice."  Dr.  Davis  died  in  Natchez,  January 
12,   1885. 

The  second  of  the  pioneers  of  homoeopathy  in  the  state  was  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Henry  Holcombe,  who  went  to  Natchez  in  1852  and  became  Dr.  Davis's 
partner.     He  removed  from  the  state  in  1855. 

So  strong  w-as  the  confidence  of  the  people  in  the  skill  of  Drs.  Davis 
and  Holcombe  that  in  1854  they  were  appointed  physicians  and  surgeons  to 
the  Mississippi  State  Hospital  at  Natchez,  which  was  a  large  and  well  en- 
dowed institution.  This  is  said  to  be  the  first  hospital  in  the  United  States 
that  passed  from  allopathic  to  homceopathic  control.  Dr.  Kirby  in  an  edi- 
torial at  the  time  said  that  the  trustees  felt  justified  in  the  act  by  the  success- 
ful treatment  of  yellow  fever  by  the  new  school  of  medicine. 

Another  early  practitioner  in  Natchez  was  Dr.  Walter  Stewart.  He 
probably  located  there  as  early  as  1855.  He  died  in  Natchez  is  1863,  at  the 
age  of  forty-one  years.  Another  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  the  city  pre- 
vious to  i860  was  Dr.  J.  Foster. 

Dr.  Martin  Gilman  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Port  Gibson  as  early  as 
1853.  He  graduated  from  the  New  York  University  in  the  spring  of  1846, 
and  began  practice  is  Jefferson  county,  New  York.  In  1848  his  cousin.  Dr. 
John  Gilman,  then  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Columbus.  Ohio,  urged  Dr. 
Martin  to  visit  him  and  to  investigate  the  new  system  of  healing.  He  went, 
and  became  convinced.  In  1849  ^^^  located  in  Lexington  and  accepted  the 
chair  of  chemistry  is  the  Memphis  Medical  Institute,  and  later  held  the  chair 
of  obstetrics.  In  the  spring  of  1853  he  located  in  Port  Gibson,  where  his 
success  in  the  treatment  of  yellow  fever  won  for  him  a  distinguished  repu- 
tation.    He  removed  to  Vicksburg  in   1859. 

In  1858  Dr.  A.  O.  H.  Hardenstein,  who  had  been  for  several  years  an 
extensive  traveler,  located  in  Vicksburg,  introducing  homoeopathy  in  that  part 
of  the  state.  He  was  a  native  of  Greece,  but  was  educated  in  Germany,  re- 
ceiving his  medical  diploma  at  the  University  of  Berlin.  In  1828  his  duties 
took  him  into  Russia  to  study  the  treatment  of  cholera,  and  an  investigation 
of  allopathy  as  applied  to  this  disease  proved  that  more  than  seventy-five  per 
cent  of  the  cases  proved  fatal.  While  in  Russia  he  was  led  to  investigate 
homoeopathy  by  observing  the  cures  wrought  by  the  wife  of  a  missionary,  who 
had  been  a  pupil  of  Hahnemann.  On  his  return  to  Prussia  he  also  became  a 
student  of  Hahnemann  and  adopted  his  system.  In  1836  he  settled  in  New 
Orleans ;  in  1840  went  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1849  to  California.  He  practiced 
many  years  in*  Vicksburg,  and  died  in  that  city,  October  15,  1880. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Mississippi  previous  to  1870.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physican  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1857    Brown.  Dr.  x     Jackson  '  1847    Davis,  Frederick  A.  *     Natchez 

1870    Chase,  B.   D.   x     Natchez  1857     Fegarden,  Dr.   x     Fayette 

1870    Coleman,  H.  J.  x    Rodney  1857     Foster,  J.   x     Natchez 


HISTORY  OF  HOMGEOPATHY  397 

1857  Gibson,  W.  J.  X     Fayette  1851  Holcombe,  William  H.  *     Natchez 

1849  Gilman,  Martin  *     Port  Gibson  1857  Smith,   J.    B.    x     Camden 

1857  Harper.  T.  J.  x     Vicksburg  1857  Stewart,  Walter  x     Natchez 

1830  Hardenstein,  A.  O.  H.  *     Vicksburg  ....  Stewart,  A.  P. 

1870  Hammond,  F.   K.  x     Aberdeen  1870  Wren,  W.  C.  x     Woodville 


398  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  XXXV 

HOMOEOPATHY    IX     NEBRASKA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Homoeopathy  Introduced  in  Omaha  in  1862 — Wright,  the  Pioneer — Drs.  Way  and  Hem- 
ingway in'  Nebraska  City — The  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society — Gradual 
Growth  of  the  System  in  Nebraska — Reminiscences  of  Early  Practitioners. 

Nebraska  makes  no  claim  to  pioneership  in  the  field  of  homoeopathic 
medical  practice.  In  1862,  while  the  state  was  still  a  territory,  Dr.  Augus- 
tus S.  Wright  left  his  former  home  in  Indiana  and  took  up  his  abode  in 
Omaha — the  Omaha  of  two  score  years  ago  and  not  the  modern  city  of  the 
twentieth  century  which  inen  have  built  on  the  site  of  the  town  of  which,  in 
1869,  Saxe  wrote : 

"  Hast  ever  heard  of  Omaha 
Where  rolls  the  dark  Missouri  down. 
And  four  strong  horses  scarce  can  draw 
An  empty  wagon  through  the  town? 
Where  sand  is  blown   from  every  mound 
To  fill  our  eyes  and  ears  and  throat, 
Where  all  the  teamsters  are  aground 
And  all   the   shanties   are  afloat?" 

This  Dr.  Wright,  the  homoeopathic  tidings-bearer  before  mentioned,  was 
the  only  practitioner  of  his  school  in  the  state  until  1866,  when  Drs.  Way 
and  Hemingway,  who  were  partners,  established  themselves  in  Nebraska 
City  and  gave  their  system  a  foothold  in  that  vicinity.  During  the  next  ten 
or  twelve  years  several  other  practitioners  settled  in  various  parts  of  the 
state,  some  in  the  more  populous  centers  and  others  in  the  less  thickly  in- 
habited districts,  until  in  1878  there  were  eighteen  physicians  of  the  school 
in  the  state.  Three  years  later  the  number  had  increased  to  forty,  and  in 
1885  to  one  hundred  and  nineteen ;  in  1893  to  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine, 
and  in  1904  the  number  in  the  whole  state  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five. 
But  notwithstanding  the  moderate  early  growth  of  the  homoeopathic  school  in 
the  region  under  consideration,  the  few  practitioners  held  a  general  meeting 
in  September,  1873,  ^"d  organized  the  Nebraska  State  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Society,  then  known,  however,  as  the  Nebraska  State  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Association,  and  with  these  first  officers:  Dr.  E.  M.  T.  Hurlbut  of  Lin- 
coln, president;  Dr.  C.  S.  Wright  of  Omaha  and  Dr.  J.  H.  Way  of  Nebraska 
City,  vice-presidents ;  Dr.  Allen  C.  Cowperthwaite  of  Nebraska  City,  secretary  ; 
Dr.  J.  L.  Bumstead  of  Lincoln,  provisional  secretary;  Dr.  O.  S.  Woods  of 
Omaha,  treasurer;  and  Drs.  Way,  Burr,  Casley,  Lewis  and  Wright,  censors. 
About  1883  the  society  was  incorporated  and  made  the  change  in  name  as 
above  indicated.  It  is  still  in  active  existence  and  has  a  membership  of  more 
than  two  hundred. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  399 


REMINISCENCES. 

Dr.  Wright's  professional  life  in  Omaha  was  not  made  especially  pleas- 
ant by  the  practitioners  of  the  old  school  there,  but  their  persecutions  served 
to  bring  him  new  friendships  and  it  was  with  reluctance  that  he  gave  up 
practice  on  account  of  his  health  and  removed  to  California  in  1874.  Dr. 
Hemingway  in  Nebraska  City  died  before  practicing  there  a  year,  but  in  the 
meantime  Dr.  A.  M.  Smith  had  come  in,  and  was  there  as  late  as  1881. 

Dr.  Jacob  Heald  Way  was  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1866  and  practiced  allopathy  for  a  time  in  Nebraska  City. 
Later  on  returned  to  Philadelphia  and  took  lectures  in  homoeopathy  and  then 
returned  to  Nebraska,  but  failing  health  caused  his  removal  to  Pennsylvania. 
He  served  nine  months  in  the  124th  Pennsylvania  regiment,  then  located  in 
West  Chester,  and  finally  went  to  Arizona,  where  he  died  September  3,. 
1887. 

Dr.  William  H.  H.  Sisson  was  in  service  during  the  early  part  of  the 
civil  war,  and  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1863.  He  practiced  in  New  Bedford  and  Falmouth,  Mass., 
about  two  years,  and  in  1868  went  to  Omaha  and  identified  himself  with  that 
growing  city.     He  lived  there  until  his  death,  January  25,  1873. 

Dr.  Orlando  S.  Wood  located  in  Omaha  in  the  summer  of  1868.  After 
educating  himself  in  Pennsylvania,  he  began  the  study  of  homoeopathy  in 
the  spring  of  1857,  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  i860,  and  commenced  practice  in  Phoenixville,  Pa.  In  1861 
he  took  the  practice  of  Dr.  R.  R.  Gregg  at  Canandaigua.  N.  Y.,  remaining 
there  five  years.  Ill  health  then  compelled  him  to  sell,  when  he  went  to 
Philadelphia,  graduated  again  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1868,  and  in  June  of  the  same  year  started  for  Omaha.  He 
practiced  in  the  state  many  years  and  also  identified  himself  with  its  homoe- 
opathic institutions  and  progress. 

Drs.  Marsden  and  William  J.  Ehrhart,   partners,  located   in   Omaha   in 

1869.  The  partnership,  however,  was  soon  dissolved,  and  Dr.  Ehrhart  went 
to  Fremont.  Dr.  Marsden  the  next  spring  returned  to  New  Jersey.  Dr. 
Ehrhart  was  a  graduate  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in   1864. 

In  1871  Dr.  F.  Saxenburger  located  at  Omaha,  remaining  there  until  1874. 
when  he  left  the  state.     Dr.  Emlin  Lewis  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Sisson  in 

1870.  He  had  been  a  school  teacher,  and  his  first  impressions  of  homoe- 
opathy were  received  through  a  copy  of  Pulte's  "  Domestic  Physician."  He 
graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in  1872,  located 
in  Papillion  and  later  removed  to  Omaha,  taking  the  practice  of  Dr.  Sisson, 
who  had  just  died. 

In  the  summer  of  1872  Dr.  G.  D  Streeter  reached  Omaha  and  became 
a  partner  with  Dr.  J.  H.  Way.  In  October,  1872.  Dr.  Eugene  F.  Hoyt  set- 
tled in  Omaha  and  became  partner  with  Dr.  O.  S.  Wood,  but  in  the  next  year 
removed  to  New  York  city.  Other  early  homoeopathic  practitioners  who 
located  in  Omaha  were  Dr.  James  M.  Borghem,  1874;  Dr.  H.  C.  Jessen  and 
Dr.  H.  A.  Worlev.  1875;  Dr.  C.  M.  Dinsmoor,  1875:  Dr.  John  Ahmanson, 
1879;  and  Dr.  Willis  B.  Gifford  and  Dr.  C.  S.  Hart.   1880.' 

In  1869  Dr.  W.  A.  Burr  located  in  Lincoln,  then  a  city  two  years  old. 
In  1875  ill  health  compelled  him  to  go  farther  west. 


I 


400  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

In  January,  1872,  Dr.  L.  J.  Bumstead  joined  Dr.  Burr  in  Lincoln, 
where  he  practiced  for  many  years.  Dr.  Edwin  Taft  Monroe  Hurlburt,  who 
graduated  from  an  allopathic  college  in  Buffalo  in  1867,  soon  afterward 
adopted  the  homoeopathic  system  and  located  in  Lincoln  in  1873. 

Dr.  L.  Walker  settled  in  Seward  in  1867.  He  had  a  large  country  prac- 
tice. Dr.  Frederick  Churchi-ll  located  at  Grand  Island  in  the  summer  of 
1872.  In  1875  he  went  to  California.  Dr.  D.  H.  W.  Carley  settled  in  Pal- 
myra in  1 87 1. 

Dr.  Allen  C.  Cowperthwaite  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1869,  practiced  for  a  time  in  Illinois,  and 
in  1873  located  at  Nebraska  City  and  became  a  partner  with  Drs.  Way  and 
Streeter.  Dr.  Streeter  soon  withdrew  from  the  firm  and  went  to  Quincy, 
Illinois.  A  few  months  later  Dr.  Way  gave  up  practice  and  Dr.  Cowperth- 
waite was  left  alone. 

Dr.  S.  C.  Case  located  at  Syracuse  in  1874.  Dr.  Ira  Walker  La  Mun- 
yon  located  at  North  Platte  in  1871.  Dr.  La  Munyon  had  been  a  railroad 
engineer,  and  government  surveyor  of  public  lands.  His  studies  were  geol- 
ogy, botany  and  natural  history.  In  1859  he  became  a  convert  to  homoe- 
opathy through  Dr.  B.  S.  Hill  of  Ohio.  On  locating  in  Nebraska  he 
engaged  in  surveying,  but  having  recovered  his  health,  he  bought  a  news- 
paper and,  in  company  with  Mr.  Peake,  became  its  editor. 

Dr.  John  Elisha  Smith  went  to  Guide  Rock  about  1873.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate in  1856  of  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  at  Cleveland, 
had  practiced  in  Michigan,  served  in  the  army,  and  by  ill  health  was  com- 
pelled to  seek  the  climate  of  Nebraska.  Mrs.  F.  R.  H.  Reid  went  to  Ne- 
braska City  when  only  four  homoeopathic  doctors  were  there. 

Dr.  Henry  Haseler  met  his  death  at  Belleview  about  1856,  while  intro- 
ducing the  practice  there.  He  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Charles  Haeseler  of  Potts- 
ville,  Pensylvania. 

Dr.  Lucy  Robinson  settled  in  Lincoln  in  1875.  In  March  of  that  year 
Dr.  W.  J.  Ehrhart  returned  to  Omaha  from  Fremont,  but  soon  went  to  the 
east.     In  1875  Dr.  Hullhorst  located  at  Headland. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Nebraska  previous  to  1880.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1879    Ahmanson,  John  x     Omaha  1855     Haeseler,  Henry  x     Belleview 

1868  Burr,  W.  A.  x     Lincoln  t866     Hemingway,    Dr.    x      Nebraska    City 
1872     Bumstead,  Lucius  J.     Lincoln               •    1870     Hoyt.   Eugene  F.     Omaha 

1874  Borgham.  James  M.     Fremont  1867  Hurlburt,    Edwin    '[".    M.    *     Lincoln 

1855  Buntmg,   Thomas  C.  1875  Hullhorst,   F.  x     Headland 

1878  Brewer.  S.  H.  x     Columbus  1877  Huss,    George    x      Sutton 

1874  Case,  S.  C.  x     Syracuse  1878  Jessen,  H.  C.     Omaha 

1870  Carley,   D.   H.   W.  x     Palmyra  1878  Johnson,  Mrs.  J.  C.  x    Nebraska  City 

1878  Chubbuck.  C.   K.   x     Tecumseh  1878  Jeflferies.  Dr.  x     Guide  Rock 

1872  Churchill.  Frederick  x    Grand  Island  1872  Lewis.  Emlin     Omaha 

1869  Cowperthwaite,    Allen    C.      Nebraska  1869  Marsden,  Dr.   x     Omaha 

City  1859  LaMunyon,  Ira  W.     North  Platte 

1878     Davies,  H.  B.  x  Nebraska  City  1877  Paine,    Bartlett   *     Lincoln 

1864    Ehrhart.  William  J.     Omaha  Reid.  Mrs.  F.  R.  H.     Nebraska  City 

1874     Dinsmoor,  C.  M-  x     Omaha  ....  Reid,  H.  A.     Nebraska  City 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY                              401 

1875  Robinson,  Lucy  A.     Lincoln  1878  Starr,  C.  x     Nebraska  City 

1870  Saxenburger,  F.  x     Omaha  1872  Way,  Jacob  H.  *     Nebraska  City 

1878  Schildknecht,  D.  x     Plattsmouth  1867  Walker,   L.   x     Seward 

1878  Smith,  A.   M.  x     Nebraska  City  i860  Wood,  Orlando   S.     Omaha 

1856  Smith,  John   E.     Guide   Rock  1873  Worley,  H.  A.     Omaha 

1863  Sisson,  William  H.  H.     Omaha  1850  Wright,  Augustus  S.    Omaha 

1872  Streeter,  G.  D.  x     Nebraska  City 


402  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  XXXVI 

HOMCEOPATHY    IN    WEST    VIRGINIA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

A  Brief  Chapter  of  Reminiscences — Dr.  Alfred  Hughes  and  His  Sister — List  of  Practi- 
tioners in  the  State. 

The  introduction  of  homoeopathy  in  West  Virginia  antedates  the  sepa- 
rate organization  of  the  state  itself.  West  Virginia,  the  western  portion  of 
the  old  state  of  Virginia,  was  made  an  independent  state  in  1863.  This  is 
the  part  of  the  old  dominion  west  of  the  Cumberland  mountains  and  in  the 
valley  of  the  Monongahela  river.  Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  this  val- 
ley as  early  as  1848.  and  in  two  places  at  the  same  time;  in  Wheeling  by  Dr. 
Alfred  Hughes  and  his  sister,  Eliza  Hughes,  and  in  Fairmount  by  the  Rev. 
William  Hunter. 

Dr.  W.  L.  Morgan,  writing  in  1904,  said :  "  My  native  home  was  near 
Fairmount,  West  Virginia.  My  father's  house  was  a  home  for  itinerant 
preachers  and  politicians.  I  had  never  heard  of  homoeopathy  till  about  the 
year  1848  when  the  Rev.  William  Hunter,  a  Methodist  presiding  elder,  came 
into  the  district.  He  was  a  man  of  learning  and  a  homoeopathist.  He  ad- 
vised me  to  study  for  a  physician,  so  I  studied  at  home  and  experimented 
upon  myself  .and  my  neighbors.  Dr.  Hunter  gave  me  great  assistance.  I  often 
treated  a  neighbor  and  sometimes  got  '  thanky  '  and  sometimes  '  cusses  '  for  pay. 
In  1868  I  went  west  and  met  a  man  whom  I  had  treated  years  before  and 
he  persuaded  me  to  go  into  practice,  and  after  long  deliberation  I  did  so, 
and  after  a  few  years,  to  be  better  equipi)ed  I  studied  at  Pulte  College.  I 
came  east  on  account  of  ill  health  in  i86t,  first  to  Lynchburg.  Va..  and  then 
to  Baltimore.  Dr.  Hunter  introduced  homoeopathy  into  the  valley  of  the 
Monongahela  river,  and  myself.  Festus  Pitcher  of  Fairmount.  and  Drs. 
Coombs  and  Casselberry,  of  Morgantown.  where  his   students." 

Dr.  W.  B.  McClure  of  Martin's  Ferry  wrote :  "  Dr.  Alfred  Hughes 
and  his  sister.  Miss  Eliza,  began  in  1850.  They  continued  practice  there 
until  death.     Dr.  Hennig  came  there  in   1853.  and  died  in   1900." 

Dr.  Alfred  Hughes  must  have  begun  practice  before  graduating  in  medi- 
cine, which  he  did  at  tlie  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1853.  He  was  a  native  of  Baltimore.  Md.  After  his  graduation  he  located 
in  Wheeling  and  upheld  the  truth  of  homoeopathy.  During  the  cholera 
epidemic  of  1854  he  labored  night  and  day.  being  the  only  homoeopathic 
physician  in  the  city.  He  built  up  a  large  practice  in  Wheeling.  In  1862  he 
went  to  Richmond,  his  sympathies  being  with  the  south,  and  practiced  there 
until  in   1865.  when  he  removed  to  Baltimore. 

Dr.  Fliza  C.  Hughes  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  1855.  atid 
graduated  at  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College  at  Philadelphia  in  i860. 
She  was  the  first  woman  graduate  who  practiced  medicine  in  \^irginia. 

Dr.  F.  H.  Coombs  was  another  early  homoeopath  in  western  ^''^rginia. 
He  said  of  lumself:     ''I  was  not  a  pupil  of  Dr.   Pitcher  of  Fairmount.     I 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  403 

was  not  acquainted  with  him  but  knew  that  there  was  such  a  person,  and  I 
think  he  practiced  homoeopathy  to  some  extent  between  the  years  1850  and 
i860.  WiUiam  Hunter,  a  Methodist  preacher  here  in  Morgantown,  was  the 
first  to  introduce  homoeopathy  in  this  place,  and  I  think  it  was  through  his 
influence  that  Dr.  Miller,  my  preceptor,  came  here  (Morgantown),  which 
was  about  1855.  I  do  not  think  Dr.  Hunter  was  an  M.  D.,  but  had  prob- 
ably given  the  matter  some  attention.  Dr.  M.  L.  Casselberry  came  here 
between  1850  and  i860.     I  commenced  practiced  here  in  the  spring  of  i860." 

Dr.  Melville  L.  Casselberry,  who  is  still  in  practice,  writes  of  the  be- 
ginings  of  homoeopathy  in  West  Virginia :  "  The  first  man  to  introduce 
homoeopathy  in  Morgantown  was  Mr.  Hunter,  a  Methodist  minister  who 
located  here  about  1851  or  1852.  He  had  a  chest  of  medicines  and  would 
give  his  friends  and  the  members  of  his  church  medicine  for  the  headache, 
colds,  etc.  He  continued  this  until  about  1853  or  1854.  when  he  wrote  over 
to  some  one  connected  with  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, asking  them  to  send  a  graduate  here,  which  they  did.  They  induced 
Dr.  A.  C.  Miller  to  come  here  and  locate,  which  I  think  was  in  1854.  He  soon 
built  up  a  large  practice  and  in  the  spring  of  1855  he  wrote  to  my  preceptor 
(W.  A.  Gardiner,  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia),  then  professor  of  anatomy  in 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  for  a  partner.  Dr. 
Gardiner  induced  me  to  come  here,  which  I  did  in  the  spring  of  1855,  re- 
mained one  year  in  partnership  with  Dr.  A.  C.  Miller,  when  I  left,  but  came 
back  in  the  fall  of  1859  and  have  been  here  ever  since.  Dr.  E.  H.  Coombs 
graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  College  in  1862,  located  here,  and  in  1870 
he  and  I  entered  into  partnership,  worked  together  until  1887,  when  Dr. 
Coombs  gave  up  the  practice  of  medicine  and  was  elected  cashier  of  what  is 
now  the  Monongahela  A'alley  bank,  with  which  institution  he  is  connected, 
now  being  president. 

There  was  a  Dr.  Alfred  Hughes,  who  practiced  in  Wheeling  along  about 
1850.  He  attended  lectures  in  Philadelphia  and  graduated  the  spring  I  did, 
in  1853.  He  had  been  practicing  in  Wheehng  prior  to  his  graduation.  He 
died  a  few  years  after  he  graduated,  and  I  think  his  sister  practiced  for  a  time 
afterward.  When  I  came  here  in  1855  I  think  there  was  a  man  in  Fair- 
moimt  by  the  name  of  Pritchard,  who  had  a  medicine  chest  and  gave  out 
sugar  pills,  as  they  were  called,  to  many  of  the  citizens  of  Fairmount.  Along 
in  1855  or  1856  there  was  a  Dr.  Hyde  located  at  Fairmount  for  a  short  time. 
A  man  came  there  from.  Fayette  county.  Pa.,  who  read  under  Dr.  Bowie  of 
Uniontown  about  i860.  He  located  at  Kingwood,  remained  there  a  year, 
then  went  to  Clarksburg  and  later  to  Texas,  where  he  died." 

Dr.  John  W.  M.  .A.ppleton,  writing  from  Charleston,  says :  "  Homoe- 
opathy has  not  much  of  a  record  in  this  end  of  the  state  in  the  forty  years 
of  my  time.  I  came  to  Kenawha  in  August,  1865.  having  resigned  from 
the  army  in  that  month.  I  had  charge  of  a  cannel  coal  mine  and  employed 
a  number  of  people.  Called  upon  to  practice  among  them,  T  took  out  a 
U.  S.  license.  None  of  the  people  had  any  knowledge  of  our  system,  and 
the  patients  getting  well  with  no  medicines  but  spoonfuls  of  clear  water 
made  some  of  them  think  it  some  kind  of  conjuring.  I  have  never  depended 
on  practice  entirely  for  a  livelihood,  but  have  never  entirely  ceased  to  prac- 
tice when  called  on.  Moving  to  Charleston  from  the  mine  and  engaging  in 
manufapturing,  patients  still  come  to  me,  and  in  1882,  moving  to  Salt  Sulphur 
Springs,  Munroe  county.  West  Yt^.,  T  still  do  what  I  can  for  the  country  peo- 


404  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

pie,  and  in  the  summer  season  for  those  of  the  guests  at  our  hotels  who  de- 
sire homoeopathic  treatment.  A  Dr.  Kirk  came  to  Charleston  in  the  seventies. 
He  did  not  stay  long  and  depended  more  on  teaching  school  than  on  medi- 
cine. A  Dr.  Henry  came,  who  seemed  to  be  efficient.  He  stayed  longer 
than  Dr.  Kirk  and  then  went  away.  Dr.  George  Lounsbury  came  down 
from  Coalsburg  mines  a  number  of  years  ago  and  is  still  here." 

Dr.  John  D.  Middleton  was  an  early  practitioner  in  Wheeling,  locating 
there  as  early  as  1849.  He  was  a  student  of  Dr.  F,  R.  McManus  of  Balti- 
more, and  graduated  in  1848  from  the  University  of  Maryland.  He  re- 
turned to  Baltimore  in  185 1  and  practiced  there  until  his  death,  April  26, 
1870.  In  1877  Dr.  S.  C.  Bosley  was  in  practice  in  Clarksburgh;  Dr.  F. 
Pitcher  in  Fairmount;  Dr.  R.  F.  Harman  in  Martinsburg;  Drs.  Casselberry 
and  Coombs  in  Morgantown;  Dr.  C.  W.  Jamison  in  Point  Pleasant;  and 
Drs.  Eliza  C.  Hughes,  J.  W.  Morris,  C.  J.  Hennig,  S.  A.  Muhleman,  C.  C. 
Olmstead  and  B.  F.  Turner  in  Wheeling. 

In  1870  there  were  but  five  homcEopathic  practitioners  in  West  Vir- 
ginia; thirteen  in  1876;  twenty-five  in  1896,  and  thirty  in  1904. 

HomcEopathic  physicians  in  West  Virginia  previous  to  1870.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 

1865  Appleton,  John  W.  M.     Kenawha  1855  Hyde,    Dr.     Fairmount 

1853  Casselberry,    Melville    L.      Morgan-  1848  Hunter,  Rev.  William     Fairmount 

town  1848  Middleton,  John  D.     Wheeling 

i860  Coombs,    E.   Hoflfman     Morgantown  1853  Miller,    Alexander    C.     Morgantown 

1853  Hennig,  C.  J.     Wheeling  1850  Morgan,  W.   L.     Fairmount 

1870  Harman,  R.  F.  x     Martinsburg  1850  Pitcher,   Festus     Fairmount 

1848  Hughes,  Alfred     Wheeling  i860  Turner,  B.  F.     Wheeling 

1850  Hughes,  Miss   Eliza     Wheeling 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  405 


CHAPTER  XXXVn 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NORTH    CAROLINA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Homoeopathy   Introduced    in   the    State   by   Dr.    Freeman — Reminiscences   and    List     of 
Other  Early  Practitioners  in  North  Carolina. 

The  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  this  state  was  Dr.  WilUam  K.  Free- 
man, who  introduced  it  in  Wilmington  in  1850.  He  was  a  native  of  Hert- 
ford county,  and  graduated  from  the  Charleston  Medical  School  in  1847.  I" 
1848  he  removed  to  Wilmington,  where  he  practiced  allopathy  two  years 
and  then  publicly  announced  his  belief  in  the  doctrines  of  Hahnemann.  His 
action  at  that  particular  time  required  great  moral  courage;  there  was  no 
homoeopathic  practitioner  south  of  Virginia,  and  for  twenty  years  he  was 
the  only  one  in  the  whole  state  of  North  Carolina,  and  he  had  to  contend 
alone  with  the  prejudices  that  assailed  his  fellows  of  the  same  faith  in  other 
parts  of  the  country.  He  passed  his  life  in  Wilmington  and  succeeded  in 
influencing  public  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  practice  which  the  people  at 
first  had  ridiculed.     He  died  in  Wilmington  in  February,  1879. 

Dr.  Barton  Munsey  was  another  of  the  early  practitioners  in  Wilming- 
ton. He  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  and  while  living  in  Manchester 
became  acquainted  with  Dr.  Atwood,  a  homoeopathic  physician  in  that  city, 
whose  student  he  himself  became.  In  1846  he  went  to  Harvard  University, 
and  the  next  year  applied  in  the  New  York  Medical  School  for  a  course,  but 
Dr.  Mott  informed  him  that  "  he  would  not  be  allowed  to  graduate  with 
homoeopathic  notions."  He  went  to  South  America,  introducing  homoe- 
opathy in  Curacoa,  then  returned  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  Wil- 
mington, where  he  practiced  dentistry  and  homoeopathy.  He  attended  the 
first  course  of  lectures  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, a  student  of  Dr.  Walter  Williamson,  and  graduated  from  the  college 
in  1850.  He  then  returned  to  Wilmington.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
civil  war  he  was  surgeon  in  the  union  army.  In  1864  he  married  Mary  E. 
Weeks,  who  afterward  became  a  homoeopathic  physician,  graduating  from 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri  in  187 1.  Dr.  Munsey  died 
in  1888. 

In  1873  Dr.  Frank  Hines  located  in  Wilmington.  Dr.  W.  E.  Storm 
graduated  in  1877  from  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  and 
soon  after  settled  in  Wilmington.  The  following  extract  from  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  him  in  1884  gives  an  idea  of  the  condition  of  homoeopathy  in  North 
Carolina  at  that  time :  "Five  years  ago  I  was  the  only  homoeopathic  doctor 
in  North  Carolina.  One  year  later  the  allopathic  State  Medical  Association 
labored — yea,  girded  up  their  loins  to  the  conflict — to  pass  a  bill  through  the 
state  legislature,  making  it  punishable  by  fine  or  imprisonment  for  any  per- 
son to  practice  medicine  in  the  state  unless  he  was  a  member  of  the  said  aug- 
ust body.  Ye  Gods !  with  what  anxiety  this  solitary  '  Pellet '  awaited  the 
verdict.     I   could   feel  myself  already  bound   with   contraria   lashing   strong 


4015  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

npon  the  wild  ]\Iazeppa.  and  hear  the  cries  of  hie  jacct  similia  as  they  gloated 
over  the  place  '  where  I  had  been."  But,  alas,  there's  many  a  slip.  The  bill 
did  not  pass  and  I  settled  down  quietly  to  my  knitting  and  fed  my  prosperity 
with  the  flames  of  adversity." 

"  They  damn,  they  cuss,  they  raise  a  fuss, 
Keep  up  a  perfect  chatter. 
They  howl,  they  squeal,  so  mean  they  feel, 
I  wonder  what's  the  matter." 

As  early  as  1857  Dr.  L.  Thorne  was  practicing  in  Edonton.  In  1877 
Dr.  Faulcon  Browne  was  located  in  Vaughan;  Dr.  Charles  Cliff  in  Ashe- 
ville;  Dr.  J.  T.  Walsh  in  Newburn.  Dr.  Sylvester  Burr  Higgins  was  lo- 
cated in  Charlotte  in  f876.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Bogota 
in  1868.     About  1886  Dr.  W.  W.  McCanless  was  located  in  Danbury. 

The  health  giving  properties  of  Asheville  attracted  the  veteran,  Dr. 
Horatio  P.  Gatchell,  from  Kenosha,  Wis.  He  passed  the  rest  of  his  life  in 
Asheville,  and  died  March  27,  1885.  In  1878  Dr.  Edwin  A.  Gatchell  lo- 
cated in  Asheville. 

In  1857  there  were  but  two  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state,  and 
in  1870  Dr.  Freeman  was  the  only  homoeopathist  there;  in  1886  there  were 
five;  in  1896,  three;  in  1899,  six;  and  in   1904,  eight. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  North  Carolina  previous  to  1886.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

....  Browne,   Faulcon     Vaughan  1846  Munsey,   Barton     Wilmington 

Cliff.   Charles     Asheville  ....  IVIcCanless.  W.  W.     Danbury 

1850  Freeman,  William  E.     Wilmington  ....  Parker,    Charles 

1876  Gatchell.  Edwin  A.     Asheville  1880  Pigford.  E.   Scott     Wilmington 

1850  Gatchell,   Horatio   P.   *     Asheville  1877  Storm,   W.   E.     Wilmington 

i860  Higgins.  Sylvester  B.     Charlotte  1857  Thorne,  L.  x     Edonton 

1873  Hines,  Frank     Wilmington  ....  Walsh,  J.  T.     Newburn 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  407 


CHAPTER  XXXVni 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    COLORADO,    MONTANA    AND    FLORIDA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Late  Planting  and  Rapid  Growth  of  Homoeopathy  in  Colorado — Ingersol,  the  First  Prac- 
titioner, and  Marix,  the  Permanent  Practitioner — State  Medical  Society — Homoe- 
opathy in  Montana  begins  in  1866 — Its  Subsequent  Growth — Meagre  History  on 
Florida — Early  Practitioners  in  all  these  States — The  Florida  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society — Reminiscences. 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    COLORADO. 

In  1904  there  were  one  hundred  and  sixteen  practitioners  of  homce- 
pathy  in  Colorado;  thirty  years  ago  there  were  ten.  In  1863  Dr.  Ingersol, 
the  pioneer  of  the  school  in  the  state,  located  in  Denver,  practiced  there  a 
short  time,  then  left,  and  for  the  next  three  years  there  was  no  disciple  of 
Hahnemann  in  the  region.  In  1866  Dr.  M.  L.  Scott,  a  Vermonter,  came  to 
Denver,  practiced  two  years,  then  returned  east  and  left  this  vast  field  un- 
occupied until  1869,  when  Dr.  Squires  came  and  practiced  a  few  months  and 
then  yielded  to  Dr.  A.  O.  Blair,  formerly  of  Qeveland,  who  visited  Denver 
in  search  of  relief  of  chronic  asthma.  His  stay,  too,  was  short,  and  he  was 
succeeded  in  the  spring  of  1870  by  Dr.  Martin  Marix,  a  German,  graduate 
of  the  University  of  Leipsic,  a  convert  to  homoeopathy  and  a  practitioner  of 
several  years'  experience  before  taking  up  his  residence  in  this  state.  His 
biographers  say  that  he  practiced  homoeopathy  in  Leipsic  in  1852,  in  Bufifalo, 
N.  Y.,  in  1857,  later  in  Appleton,  Wis.,  and  came  to  Denver  for  the  good  of 
his  health,  as  did  his  predecessors,  but  unlike  them,  he  remained  there  imtil 
his  death,  January  19,  1877. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century  homoeopathy  had  a  strong 
hold  upon  the  people  of  the  state,  and  had  earned  by  honest  work  a  warm 
place  in  their  affections.  This  finds  confirmation  in  the  fact  that  in  1869 
there  was  only  one  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  the  state,  while  in  1900  the 
number  was  over  one  hundred  and  twenty.  Again,  in  Colorado  homoe- 
opathy has  not  been  compelled  to  contend  against  the  enforced  opposition  of 
old  school  practitioners,  and  indeed  there  seems  to  have  been  an  exchange 
of  professional  courtesies  among  the  representatives  of  both  schools  which 
really  is  refreshing  and  interesting.  Only  two  or  three  years  ago  the  allo- 
paths tendered  membership  in  their  societies  to  the  homoeopaths  if  the  latter 
would  drop  the  "  homoeopath  "  for  their  distinguishing  titles,  and  in  return 
the  disciples  of  Hahnemann  made  a  similar  tender  to  the  allopaths  if  they 
would  merely  investigate  the  principles  of  homoeopathy.  Thus  inedical  so- 
ciety life  has  become  an  interesting  part  of  the  history  of  both  schools  in  the 
state. 

The  Colorado  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
Denver  in  June,  1881,  and  was  reorganized  in  May,  1891.  with  these  officers: 
Dr.  S.  S.  Smythe  of  Denver,  president ;  Drs.  William  A.  Burr  of  Denver,  and 


408  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

W.  C.  Allen  of  Colorado  Springs,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  J.  Wylie  Anderson 
of  Denver,  secretary;  Dr.  Renal  Bartlett  of  Boulder,  treasurer.  The  society 
had  a  membership  of  sixty-four  in  1903. 

REMINISCENCES. 

In  1870  Dr.  A.  Miller  removed  from  Lowell,  Mass.,  to  Denver.  The 
same  year  Dr.  S.  B.  Fletcher  located  there,  having  previously  practiced  in 
Chicago.     He  remained  in  Colorado  four  years,  returning  east  in  June,  1875. 

Denver  was  the  only  town  in  the  territory  in  which  there  was  a  homoe- 
opathic physician  previous  to  1871.  In  1872  Dr.  B.  A.  Wheeler  of  Boone, 
Iowa,  located  there.  In  1873  ^^-  J-  M.  Walker  of  Winchester,  Illinois;  Dr. 
U.  S.  Qark  of  Iowa,  and  Dr.  A.  Miller  of  Chicago,  settled  in  Denver.  In 
1875  Dr.  S.  T.  Bowne  of  New  York,  and  in  1882  Dr.  William  Alton  Burr 
came  there.  Dr.  Burr  had  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
of  Chicago  in  1869,  practiced  in  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  and  in  1874,  on  account 
of  his  health,  removed  to  Georgetown.  Later  he  went  to  Denver.  While 
in  Georgetown  he  was  the  only  advocate  of  homceopathy  in  that  part  of  the 
country.  He  has  practiced  in  Denver  for  many  years  and  is  one  of  the 
best  known  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state. 

Dr.  Eugene  F.  Storke,  Avho  had  been  for  years  in  practice  in  Wiscon- 
sin, went  to  Denver  in  1891,  and  located  there  permanently.  Dr.  Anna  E.  P. 
Eastman  Marsh  located  in  the  city  in  1879,  having  just  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Michigan.  In  1880  she  married  Dr.  Lebbeus  E.  Marsh  and 
located  in  Greeley.  She  died  February  20,  1896,  leaving  her  property  to 
her  alma  mater  to  found  the  Anna  E.  P.  Eastman  scholarship. 

Dr.  Charles  Nelson  Hart  graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Missouri  in  1875,  ^"d  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago 
in  1 881.     He  then  located  in  Denver. 

Dr.  Qiarles  William  Judkins  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia  in  1881,  practiced  in  Maine  until  1888,  when  he  lo- 
cated in  Aspen. 

Dr.  George  Pyburn,  a  native  of  England,  practiced  in  Canada,  and  grad- 
uated in  1859  froni  the  Western  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  Cleve- 
land. After  practicing  in  several  locations  in  the  United  States  he  became 
interested  in  the  union  colony  and  in  1870  went  to  Colorado  as  one  of  the 
settlers  of  the  town  of  Greeley. 

An  event  in  the  history  of  homoeopathy  in  Colorado  is  that  homoeopathic 
treatment  was  introduced  in  the  Arapahoe  county  jail  and  poorhouse  hos- 
pital in  1881.  which  was  then  placed  under  the  medical  supervision  of  Dr. 
Ambrose  S.  Everett.  He  made  some  interesting  statistical  reports  on  the 
small  death  rate  and  the  successful  treatment. 

There  are  at  the  present  time  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  nearly  all 
the  principal  towTis  in  the  state.  Many  of  its  practitioners  went  to  that  in- 
vigorating climate  originally  for  their  health  and  nearly  all  were  formerly 
practitioners  of  experience  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Colorado  previous  to  1880.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  be- 
fore the  date  given. 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  409 

1876  Benbow,  T.  A.  x     Colorado  Springs  1852  Marix,  Martin  M.     Denver 

1877  Benham,   S.  x     Denver  1876  Marsh,  L.  E.  x     Central  City 

Blair,  Alonzo  O.     Denver  1870  Miller,  Adam  x     Denver 

1875  Bowne,  S.  Townsend  x    Leadville  1877  Owen,  W.  R.  x     Pueblo 

1875  Brace,   Charles  C.     Boulder  1877  Parkhurst,  C.  B.  x    Colorado  Springs 

1877  Brooks,  John  F.  x    Gardner  1859  Pybum,  George     Georgetown 

1869  Burr,  William  A.     Georgetown  1870  Rice,    Hyland    W.      Central    City 

1854  Burnham,   Norman  G.     Denver  1866  Scott,  M.  L.  x     Denver 

1875  Coombs,   L.  D.     Colorado   Springs  1877  Seymour,    Dr.    x     Colorado    Springs 
1877  Cortright,  C.  W.     Pueblo  1869  Squires,  Dr.  x    Denver 

1873  Clark,   Uri   S.     Boulder  1877  Stebbins,   H.  H.  x     Golden 

1877  Crepiu,  E.  A.  x    San  Luis  1879  Tennant,  C  E.     Denver 

1877  Dobbins,  William  A.  x    Lake  City  1868  Walker,  Aaron     Denver 

1856  Fletcher,    S.   M.     Denver  1871  Walker,  James  M.     Denver 

1876  Gatchell,     H-     T.     F.     x      Colorado  1867  Wheeler,  Byron  A.     Denver 

Springs  1877     Wegener,  Henry  F.  x     Denver 

187s     Hart,   Charles   N.     Denver  1877    Way,     Mrs.     H.     H.     x      Colorado 

1863    Ingersol,  Luther  J.     Denver  Springs 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    MONTANA. 

Bordering  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  east  of  Idaho,  north  of  Wyoming 
and  west  of  Dakota,  is  situated  the  new  state  of  Montana.  It  was  settled 
about  1861  and  admitted  to  the  union  in  1889,  being  the  forty-first  state. 
So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  the  first  person  to  practice  homoeopathy  within 
its  borders  was  Dr.  Stephen  Roby  Mason,  who  in  1864-65  journeyed  through 
the  gold  regions  of  Montana,  Idaho  and  British  Columbia.  He  opened  an 
office  in  Virginia  City,  and  introduced  the  practice  of  homoeopathy.  Dr. 
Mason  was  a  native  of  Chichester,  N.  H.,  studied  medicine  in  Matamora, 
Illinois,  and  graduated  from  the  Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in  1852. 
He  then  returned  to  his  father's  home  in  Illinois,  where  he  commenced  prac- 
tice. He  soon  afterward  investigated  homoeopathy  and  became  convinced  of 
its  truth.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Henry  County  Medical  Society,  from 
which  he  was  expelled  upon  his  adoption  of  the  new  system  of  medical  prac- 
tice. In  1861  he  traveled  through  the  New  England  states  with  an  invalid 
corps,  and  in  1864-65,  himself  an  invalid,  he  emigrated  to  Montana. 

In  1876  Drs.  A.  E,  Ingersol  and  C.  S.  Ingersol  were  in  practice  at  Helena. 
In  1886  Dr.  Robert  M.  Whitefoot  w^as  located  in  Bozeman;  Drs.  Charles  W. 
Qark,  Frederick  Hiller,  J-  W.  January,  Adolph  Mamor,  Winfield  S.  Nor- 
cross  and  George  B.  Sarchet  were  in  Butte  City;  Drs.  Maria  M.  Dean, 
Thomas  Eccles  and  Charles  S.  Thompson  were  in  Helena ;  Dr.  Fox  E.  H. 
Canny  was  in  Waterville. 

in  1886  there  were  ten  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  territory;  in 
1896,  fifteen ;  in  1904,  nineteen,  of  whom  six  were  located  in  Butte. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Montana  previous  to  1886.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1868  Canny,   Fox   E.   H.     Walkersville  1883  Green,  Wilber  F.     Miles  City 

1886  Clarke,  Martha  J.  x    Butte  City  1883  Hedger,   Frank  S.     Missoula 

1885  Clark,    Charles   W.     Butte   City  1852  Hiller,  Frederick    Butte  City 

1885  Crutcher,  C-  S.  x     Townsend  Ingersol,   C.  S.     Helena 

1883  Dean.  Maria   M.     Helena  1871  Ingersol,    A.    E.     Helena 

1885  Eccles,   Thomas    x     Helena  1881  January,  J.  W.     Butte  City. 


410  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

1878  Kellogg,  Edwin   S.     Helena  1870  Sarchet.  George  B.     Butte  City 

i860  Mamor.   Adolph   *     Butte   City  1880  Thompson.  Charles  S.  W.     Helena 

i860  Mason,  Stephen  R.  *     Virginia  City      1866  Whitefoot,  Robert  M.     Bozeman 

1886  Norcross,  Winfield  S.  *     Butte  City 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN    FLORIDA. 

The  early  records  of  homoeopathy  in  Florida  are  meagre.  Dr.  Charles 
Roney  Doran,  a  graduate  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in 
1856,  and  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1866, 
after  practicing  in  Baltimore  and  Nashville,  located  in  Jacksonville  about 
1869.  Dr.  Henry  Rice  Stout,  having  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medi- 
cal College  of  Chicago  in  1868  and  having  practiced  in  Chicago,  located  in 
Jacksonville  about  1880  or  1881.  As  early  as  1857,  Dr.  A.  C.  McCantz  and 
Dr.  J.  A.  Mitchell  were  practicing  homoeopathy  in  that  city,  and  in  1877 
Dr.  P.  E.  Johnson  was  located  there. 

In  1869  Dr.  Sarah  M.  Ellis,  who  was  a  graduate  of  the  Western  Col- 
lege of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  in  1859  and  who  had  been  practicing  in 
New  York  city  and  had  been  connected  with  the  New  York  Medical  College 
for  Women,  spent  the  winter  in  Jacksonville  and  devoted  herself  to  prac- 
tice.    She  was  the  wife  of  Dr.  John  Ellis. 

Dr.  E.  S.  Byron  located  in  Monticello  previous  to  1857.  Dr.  D.  M. 
Walker  was  situated  at  Station  No.  5  in  1870. 

In  1883  Dr.  Samuel  Mills  Fowler,  who  had  been  in  practice  in  Michi- 
gan and  in  Iowa,  went  to  DeLand  and  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of 
medicine,  and  also  to  growing  oranges.  While  living  there  an  epidemic  of 
typho-malarial  fever  appeared  in  St.  Augustine  and  he  went  there  and 
treated  the  disease  with  marked  success.  In  1888  he  went  to  Gainesville, 
Texas.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago 
in  1872,  and  died  in  Chicago,  March  28,  1899. 

In  1857  there  were  three  practitioners  of  homoeopathy  in  Florida,  three 
in  1870,  seven  in  1876,  nine  in  1886,  twenty-five  in  1896,  and  thirty  in  1904. 

The  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Florida  was  organized  in 
Jacksonville,  January  19,  1889,  with  these  first  officers :  Dr.  H.  R.  Stout  of 
Jacksonville,  president :  Dr.  Ada  F.  Bruce  of  Tampa,  vice-president ;  Dr. 
C.  W.  Johnson  of  Jacksonville,  secretary;  Drs.  T.  J.  Williamson,  Blanding 
and  E.  Johnson,  censors. 

St.  Luke's  Hospital  was  founded  as  an  institution  of  the  allopathic 
school  so  far  as  concerned  its  medical  department,  but  in  March,  1878, 
through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  Alexander  Mitchell  of  Milwaukee,  president  of 
the  board  of  lady  managers,  a  homoeopathic  ward  was  established  in  the 
hospital. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Florida  previous  to  1880.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  mdicates  that  the  jihysician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1876  Ames,  Mrs.  x    Tallahassee  1859  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sarah  M.     Jacksonville 
1857  Byron,   E.  S.   x     Monticello  1872  Flanders,  George  F.     Tallahassee 

1877  Craft,  E.  T.  x     Longwood  1854  John.son.  P.  E.  x    Jacksonville 
1866  Doran,  Charles  R.   *     Jacksonville  1857  McCantz,  A.   C.   x     Jacksonville 


HISTORY  OF  HOMa^OPATHY  411 

1857     Mitchell,  J.  A.  X     Jacksonville  1876     Parker,    H.    P.     (or    Porter)       Bis- 

i877     Pen''b^V^"x     Jacksonville  1868     Stout"  Henry  R.     Jacksonville 

;872     Pfckard,  A.  J.     Pensacola  1870     Walker,  D.  M.  x     Station  No.  5 


412  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER  XXXIX 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    OREGON,    SOUTH    CAROLINA    AND    KANSAS. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Leslie  Jacob  Coombs,  the  Pioneer  Homoeopath  in  Oregon — Later  Growth  of  the 
System  in  the  State — Medical  Societies  and  Hospitals  in  Kansas — Dr.  John  Hazard 
Henry,  the  First  Homoeopath  in  South  Carolina — Dr.  John  Doy,  the  Pioneer  of 
Homoeopathy  in  Kansas — Societies  and  Hospitals — ^Reminiscences. 

HOMCEOPATHY   IN  OREGON. 

Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  had  lived  for  several  years  in  the  wilderness  re- 
gions of  the  almost  boundless  Oregon  country  when  in  1842  he  conceived  the 
idea  that  the  best  means  to  prevent  the  English  from  gaining  absolute  pos- 
session of  the  region  was  to  form  a  settlement  there  of  American  colonists, 
and  to  that  end  journeyed  on  horseback  four  thousand  miles  overland  to 
Washington  to  lay  his  scheme  before  congress  and  to  explain  to  that  body 
that  the  country  from  whence  he  came  was  indeed  worthy  of  settlement. 
When  he  returned  in  1843  he  was  leader  of  a  train  of  two  hundred  emigrant 
families,  whose  purpose  was  to  occupy  the  country  which  now  forms  the 
states  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho. 

Ten  years  after  this  event,  in  1853,  ^^-  Leslie  Jacob  Coombs  emigrated 
to  Oregon  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  He  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  had  read  medicine  with  several  physicians,  one  of  whom 
was  Dr.  Charles  A.  Geiger  of  Manchester,  Maryland,  who  turned  the  young 
man  to  the  subject  of  homoeopathy  and  induced  him  to  adopt  it  in  practice. 
In  1852  he  graduated  from  Washington  University  in  Baltimore,  and  at 
once  went  to  the  far  west,  in  his  travels  treating  in  the  country  through  which 
he  traveled,  giving  special  attention  to  diseases  of  the  eye ;  and  tradition  says 
he  was  a  personage  of  consequence  and  a  physician  of  learning.  In  the 
Rogue  river  Indian  war  of  1855-56  he  served  as  senior  surgeon  of  mounted 
volunteers,  and  during  the  civil  war  which  followed  was  assistant  surgeon 
in  charge  of  Forts  Yamhill  and  Hoskins  in  Oregon.  In  Oregon  his  prac- 
tice was  very  extensive.  In  medicine  he  doubtless  treated  with  homoeopathic 
remedies,  but  he  is  recalled  as  having  been  quite  liberal  in  this  respect,  and 
combined  both  the  old  and  the  new  school  methods. 

Such,  in  brief,  was  the  beginning  of  homoeopathy  in  Oregon,  but  how- 
ever well  the  system  may  have  been  represented  in  the  early  endeavors  of 
Dr.  Coombs,  there  was  no  rapid  increase  in  number  of  practitioners  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  in  1876,  more  than  twenty  years  after  the  events  mentioned, 
there  were  only  eleven  physicians  of  the  school  in  the  state ;  fourteen  in 
1878;  twenty-three  in  1886;  thirtv-nine  in  1896;  sixty  in  1899,  and  fortv  in 
1904. 

The  Oregon  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  and 
incorporated  in  1876,  and  is  still  in  existence,  holds  annual  meetings,  and 
publishes  transactions.     Its  first  officers  were  Dr.  H.  McKennell,  president; 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  413 

Drs.  William  Geiger  and  A.  Pohl,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  G.  A.  Wilcox,  re- 
cording secretary;  Dr.  T.  J.  Sloan,  corresponding  secretary;  Dr.  Francis  C. 
Paine,  treasurer. 

The  Portland  Methodist  Hospital  was  organized  and  opened  as  an  in- 
stitution of  the  allopathic  school  in  1886,  and  became  homoeopathic  in  1895. 
It  is  one  of  the  largest  hospitals  in  the  northwest  country. 

As  early  as  1876  Dr.  Rawdon  Arnold  was  in  practice  in  Albany,  Linn 
county,  having  previously  lived  in  Missouri,  where  he  was  educated  in  medi- 
cine. In  1871  he  was  in  Marysville,  Gal.,  and  came  thence  to  Oregon.  Dr. 
Levi  Henderson  began  practice  in  Salem  in  1878,  having  just  graduated 
from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Gollege  of  Missouri. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Oregon  previous  to  1880.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1864  Arnold,  Rawdon  *     Albany  1848  Pohl,  Albert     Portland 

1877  Burr,  A.  C.  x     Portland  1877  Paine,  T.  C.  x     Salem 
1852  Coombs,  Leslie  J.     Portland  1877  Saunders,  A.  E.  x     Amity 
1876  Forstner,  B.  x     Salem  1876  Sloan,  T.  J.  x     Portland 
1876  Geiger,  William  x     Forest  Grove  1876  Shieb,   E.   x     Portland 

1878  Henderson,  Levi     Salem  1878  Wilcox,  G.  W.     Albany 
1876  McKinnell,  H.  x     Portland  1876  Wright,   H.   x     Goose  Lake 
1864  Nichols,  Sophronia     Albany  1877  Wyatt,  J.  H.  x     Eugene  City 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

The  story  of  homoeopathy  in  South  Carolina  is  but  a  meagre  one.  As  in 
some  of  the  other  southern  states,  and  for  obvious  reasons,  the  advancement 
of  the  system  has  been  slow.  In  1853  Dr.  John  Hazard  Henry,  who  had 
graduated  from  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1851 
and  had  been  in  practice  in  Montgomery,  Alabama,  went  to  Charleston  to 
take  the  practice  of  Dr.  Kniffner.  In  1854  the  yellow  fever  appeared,  and  Dr. 
Barton,  the  only  other  homoeopathic  physician  in  the  city,  being  incapacitated 
for  work.  Dr.  Henry  found  his  duties  very  arduous.  Late  in  the  fall  of 
1856  his  health  became  so  impaired  that  he  was  compelled  to  return  to  Ala- 
bama, where  he  resumed  practice. 

Dr.  John  S.  Pfonts  was  the  pioneer  in  Columbia,  where  he  located  in 
1854.  He  had  graduated  from  the  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853. 
Forming  an  acquaintance  with  Dr.  N.  C.  Moore,  a  homoeopathic  physician, 
he  became  a  convert,  and  in  1854  went  to  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin.  Ill  health 
compelled  him  to  return  to  the  east,  and  he  went  to  Columbia.  At  the  open- 
ing of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  went  to  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. 

Dr.  Joshua  Adams  Whitman  was  the  first  to  practice  homoeopathy  in 
Beaufort.  He  went  there  an  invalid  in  1874,  bought  a  case  of  homoeopathic 
medicines  and  a  work  on  practice.  While  studying  he  conducted  a  small 
machine  shop,  and  in  the  meantime  practiced  homoeopathy  among  his  friends 
in  a  quiet  way.  His  first  efiforts  were  successful  and  in  1879  he  sold  his 
shop,  took  a  course  of  lectures  and  went  into  practice,  but  as  he  was  not  a 
graduate  his  practice  created  disturbance  in  the  community.  Having  cured 
many  cases  that  were  considered  hopeless  by  the  allopaths,  his  friends  in- 
sisted that  he  obtain  a  diploma,  which  he  did  after  a  course  at  the  Chicago 


414  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Q)llege  in  the  spring  of  1886.  He  made  Beaufort 
his  permanent  home. 

In  1887  Dr.  Owen  Beverly  Cause,  who  had  been  in  practice  in  Philadel- 
phia, went  to  Aiken  where  he  practiced  during  the  winter,  passing  the  sum- 
mer in  Asbury  Park.  He  continued  until  his  death  in  Philadelphia,  January 
II,  1895.  His  son,  Dr.  Percival  O.  B.  Cause,  after  graduating  from  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1881  and  practicing  in  Phila- 
delphia for  a  time,  located  in  Aiken.  He  lived  only  a  year,  dying  at  the  age 
of  twenty-seven. 

The  following  letter  written  in  March,  1905,  by  Dr.  Francis  V.  Qeckley 
of  Charleston,  gives  a  very  good  idea  of  the  condition  of  homoeopathy  in  the 
state  at  the  present  time :  "  I  only  know  that  my  father,  Hervey  Milton 
Cleckley,  came  here  after  the  war.  He  is  now  deceased.  I  think  Dr.  Thomas 
Shearer  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  was  here  before  the  war  and  removed  to  Balti- 
more after  the  war.  My  father  and  I  were  the  only  homoeopathists  here  since 
the  war.  Only  two  homoeopaths  are  now  in  South  Carolina,  Dr.  Whitman 
of  Beaufort,  and  I  here  in  Charleston." 

In  1857  Dr.  H.  H.  Hammond  was  located  in  Beach  Island  and  Dr.  J. 
Barton  in  Charleston.  In  1870  Miss  L.  M.  Towne  was  practicing  in  Beau- 
fort, Dr.  P.  T.  Schley  was  in  Qiarleston,  and  Dr.  Hammond  in  Beach  Island. 
In  1877  Dr.  H.  M.  Cleckley  and  Dr.  P.  T.  Schley  were  in  Charleston,  no 
others  being  in  the  state.  In  1899  Dr.  Joshua  A.  Whitman  was  in  Beaufort, 
Drs.  Francis  V.  Cleckley  and  Hervey  M.  Cleckley  in  Charleston,  and  Dr. 
William  L.  Hood  in  Greenwood.  In  1904  Dr.  Whitman  was  in  Beaufort, 
Dr.  Frank  E.  Nichols  in  Greenville,  Dr.  William  L.  Hood  in  Greenwood  and 
Dr.  F.  V.  Cleckley  in  Charleston. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  South  Carolina  previous  to  1904.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  prac- 
ticed medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1852  Barton.  J.  x     Charleston  1889  Hood,  William  L.     Greenwood 

1881  Cleckley,  Francis   V.     Charleston  1881  Peters,   William   C.     Frogmore 

1859  Cleckley,  Hervey  M.  *     Charleston  1902  Nichols,  Frank  E.     Greenville 

1881  Cause,    Percival    O.    B.     Aiken  1866  Schley,  Philip  T.     Charleston 

1857  Gause,  Owen  B.     Aiken  1S58  Shearer,    Thomas      Charleston 

1857  Hammond,   H.   H.   x     Beach   Island  1870  Towne,   Miss  L.  M.  x     Beaufort 

P.  O.  1886  Whitman,  Joshua  A.     Beaufort 

1851  Henry.  John   H.   *     Charleston 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    KANSAS. 

The  first  homoeopathic  physician  to  enter  Kansas  was  Dr.  John  Doy, 
who  went  to  that  state  in  1854  with  the  first  party  of  settlers  from  Boston. 
He  was  an  Englishman  and  had  graduated  in  Cambridge,  England,  in  1834, 
practiced  allopathy  there  until  1846.  and  then  came  to  this  country.  He  prac- 
ticed homoeopathy  after  that  time.  In  1854  he  was  living  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  and  was  the  delegate  selected  to  visit  Boston  and  obtain  information 
concerning  the  organization  of  emigrant  companies.  The  first  party  which 
Dr.  Doy  joined  consisted  of  twenty-nine  persons,  who  took  possession  of 
their  land  on  August  i,  1854.  He  himself  said  he  put  up  the  first  logs  for 
a  cabin  on   the  hill   where   Lawrence   stands.     Those   were   troublous    times 


HISTORY  OF  HOMOEOPATHY  415 

for  the  doctor,  who  had  avowed  himself  to  be  an  aboHtionist;  he  was  im- 
prisoned and  nearly  lost  his  life.  After  his  release  he  returned  to  practice  in 
Lawrence. 

In  1857  Dr.  M.  Morris  was  located  in  Ossawatomie.  About  1865  Dr. 
Martin  Mayer  Marix  settled  in  Leavenworth.  He  was  a  native  of  Germany 
and  adopted  homceopathy  in  1852,  before  leaving  that  country.  He  remained 
a  few  years  in  Kansas  and  then  removed  to  Denver.  About  1867  Dr.  John 
Jacob  Edie  formed  a  partnership  with'  Dr.  Marix  in  Leavenworth,  and  after 
the  latter  went  away,  the  former  still  continued  practice  there. 

Dr.  Jerry  Woods  Stewart  located  in  Waterville  in  1870,  making-  it  his 
permanent  home.  In  the  fall  of  1869  Dr.  William  Q.  Mansfield  located  at 
Emporia.  He  graduated  in  1857  from  the  Buffalo  Medical  College,  and  at 
that  time  considered  homoeopathy  a  delusion.  He  served  through  the  war 
as  a  surgeon  and  then  settled  in  Emporia.     In  1870  he  removed  to  Winfield. 

Dr.  Levi  Hubbard  settled  in  Atchison  in  1871.  He  graduated  from  the 
Berkshire  Medical  College  in  1835  and  practiced  six  years  in  Massachu- 
setts. While  in  Plymouth  his  attention  was  called  to  homoeopathic  remedies, 
and  after  some  years  he  avowed  belief.  He  practiced  in  Dutchess  county, 
N.  Y.,  fifteen  years,  and  in  company  with  his  son-in-law.  Dr.  William  H. 
Parsons,  located  in  Atchison.     Later  he  went  to  Illinois. 

Dr.  William  H.  Parsons  studied  with  Dr.  Hubbard,  graduated  from 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Qiicago  in  1871,  and  became  his  preceptor's 
partner  in  Atchison. 

In  1871  Dr.  S.  Milton  Pratt  settled  in  Hiawatha.  He  graduated  from 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri  in  1861,  practiced  in  Illi- 
nois, served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army,  and  then  removed  to  Kansas. 

Dr.  Peter  Diedcrich  graduated  from  Strasburg  in  1870.  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1873.  and  located  in  Wyandotte,  now  Kansas  City. 

The  growth  of  homoeopathy  has  been  good  in  Kansas.  In  1857  there 
was  but  one  homoeopath  in  the  state.  In  1870  there  were  seventeen ;  in 
1886.  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven ;  in  1896,  two  hundred  and  seventy, 
and  in  1904  there  were  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight,  sixteen  being  in  To- 
peka,  and  eleven  in  Kansas  City. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Kansas  was  organized  in  Leaven- 
worth, April  14.  1869.  incorporated  in  1S71,  and  has  been  in  successful 
operation  more  than  thirty-five  vears.  Membership  in  1903.  fifty-five.  The 
Topeka  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  t88i  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1882.  The  Southern  Kansas  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was 
organized  December  15.  t886.  The  Shawnee  County  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Society  was  organized   October  29.   1890. 

The  Kansas  Surgical  Hospital  of  Topeka  was  founded  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1882.  The  Wichita  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  founded  and  in- 
corporated in  December,   t888. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Kansas  previous  to  1872.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of 
some  other  school :  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 


416 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


1870 
1866 
1866 


1867 
1866 

1867 
1853 

1866 


Ashboroiigh,  A.  x     Topeka  .... 

Cowles,  Edwin     El  Dorado  1852 

Cowan,  A.  M.  *    Valley  Falls  1857 
Baker,  P. 

Bayless,  J.  V.  1861 

Edie,  John  J.     Leavenworth  .... 

Graham,  William  G.     Leavenworth  1871 

Hiatt,  L.  B.     Mound  City  

Halstead,  Milton  A.  x     Leavenworth  ^  1870 

Hubbard,  Levi  *     Atchison  '  i860 

Klemp,   F.     Topeka  .... 

Mansfield,  William  Q.  *     Emporia  .... 
Mason,   S.   K.     Lawrence 


Mason,   Richard     Lawrence 
Marix,  Martin  M.     Leavenworth 
Morris,  M.  x     Ossawatomie 
Morgan,  Mrs.  E.  K.    Leavenworth 
Pratt,    S.    Milton     Hiawatha 
Pratt,  Robert     Sacs  and  Foxes 
Parsons,  William  H.     Atchison 
Stockham,  G.  H.     Leavenworth 
Sherburne,  Frank  B.     Dunlap 
Stewart,  Jerry  W.     Waterville 
Weeds,   T.     Leavenworth 
Weaver,  A.  J.     Mouska 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY  4r 


CHAPTER  XL 

IIOMOEorATHY    IN    UTAH,    WYOMING,    THE    DAKOTAS,    ARIZONA,     IDAHO    AND 

ALASKA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Isaiah  White,  the  First  Homctopath  in  Salt  Lake  City — Dr.  John  Bowman,  Cheyenne 
—Dr.  H.  J.  Morrison  in  Arizona— Dr.  E.  O.  Plumbe  in  Dakota— Dr.  D.  G.  Strong 
in  Idaho — Lists  of  Early  Practitioners. 

HOMOEOPATHY     IN     UTAH. 

The  history  of  homoeopathy  in  the  several  jurisdictions  included  within 
the  scope  of  the  present  chapter  is  indeed  meagre,  and  necessarily  must  be 
limited  to  mention  of  the  names  of  the  earliest  representatives  in  the  region 
immediatel}"  under  consideration. 

The  first  practitioner  of  homoeopathy  in  Utah  was  Dr.  Isaiah  White, 
who  located  in  Salt  Lake  City  in  1875.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  University 
of  the  City  of  New  York.  Dr.  J.  M.  Dart  was  another  early  practitioner 
there.  In  1875  the  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  city  were  Drs.  J.  D. 
Crockwell,  E.  Lindsley,  W.  J.  Smith  and  I.  White.  Dr.  H.  C.  Hullinger 
was  then  in  Big  Cottonwood  and  Dr.  Wangaman  in  Ogden.  There  were 
seven  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Utah  in  1876,  twelve  in  1886,  thirteen 
in    1896,   and   sixteen   in    1904. 

The  Utah  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized  in  Salt 
L,ake  City,  January  21,  1892,  and  was  incorporated  the  same  year.  For  sev- 
eral years  the  society  maintained  a  healthful  existence,  but  since  1895  it  has 
become  decadent. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Utah  previous  to  1886.  The  date  preceding 
the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  hoinoeopathy. 
The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was  of  some  other 
school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  bo- 
fore  the  date  given. 

1875  Beattie.  Jeremiah     Salt  Lake  City  1877     Lindsley,  E.  x     Salt  Lake  City 
1886     Cook.  James   x     Spanish   Fork  1886     Mallory.    Marv    B.      Salt    Lake    Cilv 
1877     Crockwell.   J.    D.    M.    x      Salt    Lake       1S86     Nelson,  A.  R.  x     Ogden 

Citv  t886     Nelson.  R.  W.   x     Ogden 

1876  Dobbins.    William    A.    x      Salt   Lake       1886     Norton,  Mrs.  H.  C.  x     St.  George 

City  1877  Smith.  W.   T.  x  Salt  Lake  City 

1875  Dart,  James   M.     Salt  Lake  City  rS8i  Schock,  William  H.     Plateau 

1877  Holland,  J.   x     Salt   Lake   City  1871  Ulrich,   Edward  Ogden  City 
1886    Higgins.  W.  S.  x     Murray  1855  White.  Isaiah  *  Salt  Lake  City 

1876  Hullinger,  H.  C.  x     Big  Cottonwood       1877     Wangaman,  Dr.  x     Ogden  City 

]10M()I':oi'A'I"HY     I.V    WYOMING. 

Dr.  John  Raymond  P.owman  located  in  Cheyenne  in  1875.  He  had 
graduated  from  the  New  York  Homreopathic  Medical  College  in  1874,  and 
after  practicing  a  year   in   Grand   Rapids   went  to   Wyoming,  where  he   re- 


418  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 

mained   about  a   year.     He  probably  was  the   pioneer   in   that   territory.     In 
1877  Dr.  G.  E.  Gorham  located  in  Cheyenne. 

The  appended  list  of  physicians  includes  all  who  have  practiced  in  the 
state.  In  1877  there  were  but  two  iiractitioncrs ;  in  1886  there  were  five;  in 
1899,  seven;  in  1904,  seven. 

Homoeopathic  i)hysicians  in  \\'\(iiiiin_i:;  ])iT\i(ius  to  1904.  The  date  pre- 
ceding^ the  name  indicates  the  \  rar  tlu'  physician  bc^an  the  ])racticc  of  liomce- 
opathy. 

1881  Barnes,    LeRoy    S.      Laramie  i.Sgo    Howe,   William   F.     Evanston 
1883     Blackburn,    Charles   H.     Evanston  1878     Kucney,    B.    F.      Dayton 
1879     Blackburn,   Gideon   E.     Evanston             1808     Lane,  Frances.     Cody 

1874  Bowman,   John   R.     Cheyenne  igo2  Mahaf¥ey,   Andrew  D.     Cheyenne 

....  Churchill,   H.  J.     Evanston  1895  Mills,    Mrs.    Caroline     Evanston 

....  Foote,  N.     Fort  Fred  Steele  ....  Quinby,    S.    J.     Cheyenne 

....  Graham,    E.    B.     Cheyenne  1S74  Rccker,    A.    C.     Cheyenne 

1883  Green,  Wilber  F.     Sheridan  1800  White,    Arthur    E.      Baggs 

....  Gorham,    G.    E.      Cheyenne  1898  Wctlaufer,   Ellen  J.     Cheyenne 

1882  Kingston,  James  W.     Cheyenne  1898  Wetlaufer,   Nelson   A.     Cheyenne 
1881  Holmes,    Horace    P.      Dietz  1879  Woodruff,  E.  D.     Rock  Springs 

HOMOEOPATHY    IN    THE   DAKOTAS. 

The  outspreading  of  the  homoeopathic  system  in  both  North  and  South 
Dakota  has  been  reasonably  ra|)id ;  and  while  the  vast  region  of  country 
north  of  Nebraska  was  still  a  territory  several  homoeopathic  physicians  were 
established  within  its  borders.  As  'to  who  was  the  pioneer  among  them,  or 
the  year  of  his  advent,  is  not  known,  but  as  early  as  1877  Dr.  E.  O.  Plumbe 
was  located  and  in  practice  in  Canton,  Dr.  F.  L.  Richter  in  Fargo,  Dr.  N. 
C.  Whitfield  in  Rapid  City  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  Dr.  Charles  Horace 
Evans  in  Vermillion.  In  1870  there  were  no  homoeopaths  in  the  territory, 
but  in  1886  there  were  fifty-three  physicians  of  that  school  in  the  region,  or 
ten  more  than  in  1904. 

The  Dakota  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized  June  25, 
1884,  with  these  officers:  Dr.  G.  V.  Parmalee  of  JMitchell,  president ;  Dr. 
J.  M.  Westfall  of  Watertown,  vice-president;  Dr.  C.  C.  Hufif  of  Huron,  sec- 
retary; Dr.  M.  L.  Reed  of  Ashton.  treasurer;  Drs.  H.  Ross  of  Huron,  M. 
H,  Chamberlain  of  Pierre  and  G.  A1.  DePu\-  of  Jamestown,  censors.  On 
the  admission  of  Dakota  into  the  sisterhood  of  states  the  society  just  men- 
tioned ceased  to  exist,  and  in  its  stead  was  organized  the  South  Dakota 
State  Homoeopatliic  Medical  Society,  which  came  into  existence  May  16, 
1893,  both  by  informal  organization  and  incorporation.  It  still  exists,  has 
about  fiftv  members,  holds  regular  annual  meetings,  and  is  in  all  respects  a 
healthful  body. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  Dakotas  jjrevious  to  188^).  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  The  character  *  indicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 
of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  before  the  date  given. 

1881  Anderson,  Horace  G.     Grand  Rapids       1S82     Buchanan.   J.     Yankton 

1866    Bell,    James    P.      Canton  1881     Bennett,  Gilbert   P.     Sioux   Falls 

1877     Baker,  J.  A.     Castalia  1881     Bennett,  Mrs.  Alma  S.     Sioux  Falls 

1882  Buchanan,   Helen  M.     Yankton  ....     Carpenter,   A.  J.     Yankton 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


419 


1878  Chamberlin,   Myron  H.     Pierre 

1868  Calvert,    Williaai    J.     Dawson 
....  Cox.  J.  P.     Sykeston 

....  Cushman,   R.   A.     De   Smet 

....  Churchill,  H.  J.     Hermosa 

1865  Davis,  D.  A.     Forestburg 

1881  DePuy,  Richard  G.     Jamestown 

....  Donaldson,   E.    S.     Sanborn 

1883  Epps,    Franklin      Blunt 

Elliott,  L.  W.     Watertown 

....  Everly,  W.  E.     Twin  Brook 

1869  Evans,    C.    Horace     Vermillion 
....  Fowler,   D.   C.     Aberdeen 

1878  Franklin,  William  A.     Bismarck 

....  Folsom,   E.     Fargo 

1885  Fluno,   F.  J.     Flandeau 

....  Fiege,  Mrs.  F.     Lake  Byron 

1880  Fulford,  George  H.     Sioux  Falls 
1878  Goeschel,  Louis     New  Salem 
1885  Hassler,  Frank     Pierce 

....  Higgins,   C.   W.      Brookings 

1872  Hill,  Sylvester  J.     Fargo 
1885  Hill,  Anna  S.     Fargo 

1881  Huff.   C.    C.     Huron 

....  Iverson,   A.   M.      Alexandria 

....  Kinney,    D.    S.      Deadwood 

x88i  Kendrick,   Fayette   B.     Bismarck 

....  Karten,  J.  W.     Ludden 

1878  Lane,  D.  E.     Lead  City 

1880  Link,  O.   C.     .Mtoona 

1873  Marcy,  A.   L.     Sioux   Falls 
....  McGowan,  H.  B.     Bismarck 

McKay,   J.    H.     Castleton 

1876  McKay,  Augustus  F.  *     Fargo 

....  Martinet/,    A.    V.     Grand   Forks 

....  Matthews,    T.    W.      Hudson 


188s 


1X78 
1877 

1878 
1883 
T&S4 


1857 
1883 

1877 


1876 


t868 
1874 
1S82 


Maltbie,  E.   H.     Huron 
Mattson,    N.     Puckwana 
Morse,  S.  E.     Miller 
Murray,  Elmore  W.     Redfield 
Neville,   Abby   S.     Woonsocket 
Neville,    H.     Woonsocket 
Odell,  D.  W.     Athol 
Perkins,   Mrs.  W.  T.     Bismarck 
Perkins,  J.   Kate     Bismarck 
Parmelee,  G.  V.     Mitchell 
Plumba,   E.  O.  x     Canton 
Plackett,  R.     Redfield 
Primm,  J.   W.     Wessington 
Read,  Edward  W.     Mandan 
Remington,     Frederick     A.       Woon- 
socket 
Richter,  F.  L.     Fargo 
Russell,  M.  L.  V.     La^Moure 
Rockwell,  C.   B.     Wahpeton 
Rogers,   Alexander   H.      Plankington 
Reed,   M.   L.     Ashton 
Rosenbaum,  F.  W.     Canton 
Robertson.    B.      Fargo 
Rutledge,   Samuel  W.     Grand  Forks 
Ross,   H.     Huron 
Sage,  R.  W.     Parker 
Sill,  E.  E.     Huron 
Spates,   F.   C.     Milbank 
Sullivan,  D.  T.     Bristol 
Smith,  J.  Howard     Groton 
Tuttle,  Adelmer  M.     Chamberlain 
Vidal,  James  W.     Valley  City 
Wheeler,  H.  W.     Custer  City 
Whitfield,  N.  C.     Puckwana 
Wood.   E.   H.     Ree  Heights 
Wes'tfall,  I.  M.     Watertown 


I 


IIOMOKOPATIIV     IN    ARIZONA. 

There  is  record  of  a  Dr.  II.  J.  Morrison,  located  in  Sacaton  in  1876.  In 
1886  Dr.  John  J.  Miller,  a  graduate  of  the  homoeopathic  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1880,  was  located  in  Clifton.  In  1890  Dr.  Wilford 
Washington  Fetterman,  a  graduate  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1872,  was  in  Tombstone.  In  1893  Dr.  Charles  D.  Beldcn,  a 
graduate  of  the  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  in  1868,  and  Dr. 
William  L.  Woodrufif,  a  graduate  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  1882,  were  located  in  Phoenix.  Dr.  H.  H.  Pilling  was  in 
Tucson.  In  1896  Dr.  A.  E.  Marden  was  in  Harqua  Hala,  Dr.  Charles  D. 
Belden  in  Phoenix,  Dr.  Henry  H.  Pilling  in  Tucson,  and  Dr.  G.  W.  Horney 
in  Williams.  These  were  the  only  .hor.ioeojjathists  then  in  the  territory.  In 
1899  there  were  fifteen  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Arizona,  seven  of  them 
being  located  in  Phanix.  In  1904  there  were  twelve  in  the  territory,  three 
of  whom  were  in  Phoenix,  three  in  Prescott,  one  in  Chloride,  one  in  Mesa, 
one   in   Troy,  one   in  Tombstone  and   two  in   Tucson. 

The  Arizona  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized  in 
1900,  but  no  meetings  have  been  held  since  1902,  it  being  difficult  for  the 
members   to  assemble. 


420  TTTSTORV  OF  HOMO^OPATTTY 

HomcEOi)athic  physicians  in  Arizona  previous  to  1900.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  be- 
fore the  date  given. 

1868  Belden,  Charles  D.     Phoenix  1885  Jones,  A.  Cuvier     Tucson 

1885  Burgess,  Grant     Phoenix  RlcNally,   J.    B.     Prescott 

1879  Butler,    Edward     Prescott  1889  Marden,  Augustus  E.     Harqua  Hala 

....  Davis,  John   B.     Morcnci  1877  Morrison,  H.  J.  x     Sacaton 

Davis,  William  J.     Morenci  1880  Miller,    John    J.      Clifton 

....  Evans,  John  M.     Phoenix  1870  Pilling,   Henry    H.     Tucson 

1872  Fetterman,   Wilford   W.     Tombstone       1864  Pool,  Josiah     Schultz 

1857  Goodwin,  David  M.     Phoenix  ....  Thomas,  John  Wix     Phoenix 

....  Hawley,  Amasa  S.     Phoenix  1874  Tuttle,    A.    M.      Phoenix 

Hyde,  'William  A.     Phoenix  1882  Woodruff,  William  L.     Phoenix 

....  Ingalls,  Mrs.  E.  A.     Phoenix 

HOMOEOPATHY   IN  IDAHO. 

As  early  as  1877  ^^'-  ^-  ^"'-  Strong  was  practicing  homoeopathy  in  Idaho 
City.  In  1886  there  were  five  practitioners  in  the  territory,  among  them  Dr. 
Daniel  H.  Bricn,  a  gradtiate  in  1885  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago, at  Delta;  Dr.  J.  Q.  IMaxley  at  Lewiston ;  Dr.  G.  A.  Kenney  at  Salmon 
City ;  Dr.  ,S}lvester  P.  Hunt  at  Salubria,  and  Dr.  A.  E.  Sanders  at  Moscow. 
In  1890  there  were  eight  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  territory,  five  in 
1893,  eleven  in  1899,  and  twelve  in  1904. 

Homoeopathic  practitioners  in  Idaho  previous  to  1900.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. 

1883  Adair,   William   A.     Moscow  1869  Hunt,   Sylvester   P.     Salubria 

1885  Brien,  Daniel  H.     Delta  1891  Hughes,  J.  Edwin     Moscow 
....  Blake,   H.    B.     Moscow  1896  Tnman,  L.   F.     Lewiston 
1897  Beck,  John   A.     Genessee  1891  January,  J.  W^     Boise 

1887  Beck,    Peter    S.      Genessee  ....  Kenney,    G.    A.      Salmon    City 
1872  Bearby,  M.  Jennie     Mountain  Home       ....  Maxley,  J.  Q.     Lewiston 
1879  CoUister,   George     Boise  1891  Rogers.    Rebecca    W.      Caldwell 
Campbell,    U.    G.      Wallace  ....  Sanders.  A.   E.     Moscow 

1886  Gill,    Dr.     Lewiston  ....  Strong.  D.  G.     Idaho  City 
1897  Hamilton,   Angelina   G.     Lewiston  1883  Ustiqk,    Harlan    Page      Boise 
i86g  Henry,  George  A.     Salmon 

IlOMOKOl'ATHV    IN    ALASKA. 

So  far  as  concerns  the  planting  of  homoeopathy  in  far  off  Alaska  little 
is  known,  except  that  in  1877  ^^^-  Janies  Johnston  was  living  and  practicing 
in  Sitka,  and  seemed  to  hold  the  territory  without  competition  for  several 
years.  In  1896  Dr.  William  A.  Egbert  was  in  Juneau.  He  graduated  in 
1875  from  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital  College  of  Cleveland.  In  1899  Dr. 
James  K.  Perrine,  a  graduate  in  1893  'of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Edwin  Rollin  Gregg,  also  of  Hahnemann,  class  ot 
1892,  were  practicing  in  Dawson  City,  while  at  that  time  Dr.  Egbert  was  still 
at  Juneau,  Dr.  Horatio  Richmond  Marsh  at  Point  Barrow,  and  Dr.  B.  K. 
Wilbur  at  Sitka. 

In  1898  Dr.  Harrison  Seth  Pelton,  a  graduate  of  the  homceopathic  med- 
ical college  in  San  Erancisco  in  1888,  and  a  previous  practitioner  in  Oak- 
land, sailed  as   surgeon  on  a  ship   sent  out  by  eastern  capitalists  bound   for 


TITSTORY  OF  TTOMCEOPATHY  421 

Kotzebiie  Sound.  They  arrived  there  in  July,  1898,  and  went  up  the  Kovvark 
river  three  hundred  and  fifty  miles  and  wintered.  There  was  much  sickness 
in  the  party  during  the  winter,  but  Dr.  Pelton  cared  for  the  sufferers  in  the 
company  and  also  in  another  party  several  miles  distant.  While  thus  em- 
ployed he  was  frozen  to  death  in  a  blizzard.  Dr.  Horatio  R.  Marsh  is  the 
only  homoeopath  now  in  the  region  mentioned. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Alaska  previous  to  1904.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homceopathy.  The  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 

1875     Egbert,  William  A.  Juneau  1888     Pelton,   Harrison   S.     Kowark  River 

i8q2     Gregg,    Edward   R.  Dawson    City  1893     Perrine,  James  K.  M.     Dawson  City 

1877    Johnston,  James  x  Sitka  1891     Wilbur,  B.  K.     Sitka 

1897     JNIarsh,  Horatio  R.  Barrow 
(Hoonah) 


422  HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


CHAPTER   XLI. 

HOMOEOPATHY      IN      ARKANSAS,      NEVADA,      INDIAN      TERRITORY,      WASHINGTON, 
NEW    MEXICO    AND    OKLAHOMA. 

By  Thomas  Lindsley  Bradford,  M.  D. 

The  "  North  American  Journal  of  Homoeopathy  "  for  April,  1847,  says : 
"  The  following  loiul  voice  from  Arkansas  is  an  extract  from  a  letter  received 
a  few  days  since  from  an  old  and  valued  friend,  to  whom  I  have  occasionally 
sent  a  pamphlet  on'  the  subject  of  homoeopathy." 

The  friend  in  question  said  that  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  Hahne- 
mannian  system  "  with  a  degree  of  pleasure  unknown  at  any  time  "  during 
his  long  sojourn  of  guessing  in  the  allopathic  school ;  and  further :  "  I  shall 
send  on  in  a  short  time  for  such  works  as  will  aid  me  in  reducing  to  practice 
such  rules  as  are  laid  down,  and  hope  that  you  will  occasionally  lend  a  hand 
in  aiding  a  mind  somewhat  blunted  by  fifty-eight  years  of  exercise  and  dulled 
by  its  attachment  to  doctrines  which  T  now  believe  to  be  altogether  hvpo- 
thetical." 

The  first  record  of  a  homoeopathic  physician  in  Arkansas  is  that  of  Dr. 
E.  D.  Ayers,  who  introduced  homoeopathy  in  Little  Rock  in  1859,  and  to 
whom  always  has  been  accorded  the  honor  of  having  been  the  pioneer  of  the 
system  in  the  state.  In  1876  there  were  nine  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the 
state;  in  1878  there  were  ten;  in  1899,  thirty-four;  and  in  1904,  according  to 
the  best  information  obtainable,  thirty-six.  In  the  year  last  mentioned  there 
were  six  homoeopaths  in  Little  Rock  and  ten  in  Hot  Springs. 

The  Arkansas  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Association  was  organized 
in  Little  Rock,  April  12,  1903,  with  these  officers:  Dr.  W.  E.  Green  of 
Little  Rock,  president ;  Dr.  V.  W.  Hallman  of  Hot  Springs,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  Z.  N.  Short  of  Hot  Springs,  secretary ;  Dr.  P.  C  Williams  of  Texarkana. 
treasurer.  Members  in  1904,  twenty.  The  Pulaski  County  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society,  organized  in  Little  Rock,  May  24,  1887,  was  the  first  and 
for  a  long  time  the  only  society  of  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  state. 

Dr.  J.  H.  HadfieUi  settled  in  Little  Rock  in  1859,  remained  there  until 
1863  and  then  returned  to  Cincinnati.  He  was  a  physician  of  note  and  the 
inventor  of  the  Iladfield  equalizer,  used  in  the  treatment  of  paralysis. 

Dr.  E.  Darwin  Ayers.  formerly  of  New  York,  located  in  Little  Rock  in 
1859,  practiced  there  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  when  he  engaged  in 
other  pursuits ;  but  in  1876  he  returned  to  practice  and  so  continued  until 
his  death,  in   1903. 

Dr.  H.  D.  L.  Webster  of  Cleveland  came  to  Little  Rock  about  1869,  prac- 
ticed there  a  few  years  and  then  returned  to  Ohio.  In  1870  Dr.  A.  J.  Wright 
of  Bloomington,  Ills.,  settled  in  Little  Rock,  and  died  in  1872.  Among  the 
other  early  practitioners  in  the  state  mention  may  be  made  of  Dr.  Pierce,  who 
practiced  in  Ft.  Smith  after  about  1869;  Dr.  W.  E.  Green,  in  Little  Rock; 
Dr.  Eugene  Smith  of  Nashville,  who  also  practiced  in  Little  Rock ;  also  Dr. 
John  Bull  of  Wisconsin,  in  Little  Rock ;  Drs.  John  B.  Brooks  and  L.  S.  Ord- 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


423 


way,  who  located  at  the  Hot  Springs  about  1874  and  were  the  pioneers  of 
homoeopathy  in  that  section  ;  and  Dr.  J.  C.  Daily,  who  settled  in  Ft.  Smith 
in    1883  ^"d  died  there  in    1900. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Arkansas  jirevious  to  1880.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  "''  indicates  that  tlic  j^ractitioner  original!}-  was  of 
some  other  school ;  the  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 


1859 
1864 
1871 
1870 
1875 
1877 
1883 
1872 
1877 
1873 
1859 


Ayers,  E.  Darwin     Little  Rock 
Brooks,  John  B.     Hot  Springs 
Bull,  John     Little  Rock 
Chambers,  E.  W.  *     Bentonvillc 
Cline,  A.  H.  x     Fort  Smith 
Collins,  A.  H.  X     Little  Rock 
Daily,   J.    C.     Fort   Smfth 
Dobbins,   W.   A.     Carlisle 
Dungan,  H.   D.  x     Little  Rock 
Green,  William  E.     Little  Rock 
Hadfield,  J.  H.     Little  Rock 


1876     McCalmont,  J.  J.  x     Hot  Springs 

.  . .  .     Nestman,  Fred     Helena 

Ordway,  L.  S.  x     Hot  Springs 
Pierce,  C.  W.  x     Fort  Smith 
Streeter,  George  D.  x     Hot  Springs 
Smith,   E.  R.   x     Little  Rock 

1876     Walker,  A.  x     Little  Rock 

1876  Weathers,  I.  V.     Hollywood 
i86q    Webster,  H.  D.  L.     Little  Rock 
1S70    Wright,  A.  J.     Little  Rock 

1877  Wright,  J.  H.  X     Van  Buren 


1877 
1S76 
1876 
1876 


HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NEVADA. 


The  first  disciple  of  Hahnemann  to  set  up  the  standard  nf  homoeopathy 
in  what  now  is  the  state  of  Nevada,  but  then  was  a  territorial  jurisdiction, 
was  Dr.  Frederick  Hiller,  a  former  resident  of  Nevada  City  in  California,  and 
who  located  in  Virginia  City  in  1862,  remained  there  until  1870  and  then 
removed  to  San  Francisco.  He  is  said  to  have  traveled  at  times  as  far  as 
three  hundred  miles  over  the  mountains  in  visiting  his  patients. 

In  speaking  of  his  professional  experiences  in  the  far  west,  Dr.  Miller 
said :  "  I  am  yet  the  only  homoeopathic  practitioner  in  the  state  of  Nevada, 
but  I  hope  that  soon  this  number  may  multiply ;  here  is  and  will  be  a  large 
field  for  work." 

Soon  afterward  the  desires  of  the  pioneer  were  satisfied,  for  in  1870  Dr. 
E.  A.  Wild  was  in  practice  in  Austin,  and  Drs.  E.  R.  and  H.  Knapp  in  Vir- 
ginia City.  In  1886  Dr.  L.  A.  Herrick  was  in  Carson  City,  Dr.  L.  Kent  in 
Ward,  Dr.  A.  Marlotte  in  Columbus  and  Dr.  Frederick  H.  Parker  in  Vir- 
ginia City.  In  1904  there  were  only  two  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the 
state,  Dr.  Phillipina  Wagner  in  Carson  City  and  Dr.  Floyd  J.  Nutting  in 
Searchlight. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Nevada  previous  to  1886.  The  date  preced- 
ing the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. The  character  x  indicates  that  the  physician  practiced  medicine  before 
the  date  given. 

1872     Fetterman,     Wilford     W.       Virginia     1885     Marlotte,  A.  x     Columbus 


City 

1876     Herrick,  L.  A.     Carson  City 
1852     Hiller,    Frederick      Virginia    City 
1851     Knapp,  HeiiVy     Virginia  City 
....     Knapp,  E.  R.     Virginia  City 
1872     Kent,   Luke     Ward 


Price,   R.      Eureka 
1S71     Packer,   Fred   H.     Virginia   City 
....     Parker,   Dr.     Virginia    City 
1885     Richardson,  A.  S.  x     Belmont 
1859     Stevenson,   Eady     Virginia   City 
....     Tufts,  J.  E.     Virginia  City 


424  HISTORY  OF  HO  M  CEO  PATH  Y 


HOMOEOPATHY    IN    INDIAN    TERRITORY. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  \"an  Wert  Wright  settled  at  Okmulgee  in  1881,  being  the 
pioneer  homoeopath  in  that  region.  He  graduated  from  the  St.  Louis  College 
of  Homoeopathic  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  1881,  and  at,  once  went  to  the 
Indian  Territory,  where  he  remained  twelve  years.  He  then  returned  to 
Baltimore,  his  native  town,  and  died  there  February  16,  1895.  In  1890  Dr. 
Jonas  W.  Fishor,  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  ^ledical  College, 
was  locatctl  at  Oklahoma.  In  1896  Mrs.  C.  J.  Rutherford  was  located  at 
Wagoner.  In  1904  the  following  physicians  were  located  in  the  territorv : 
Dr.  Julius  H.  Peterman  at  Ardmore :  Dr.  Elmer  H.  Cutts  at  Bradley;  Dr. 
George  H.  Harry  at  Leon ;  Dr.  George  C.  Hatfield  at  Newburg ;  Dr.  Samuel 
B.  Leslie  at  Okmulgee ;  Dr.  Bertrand  M.  Porter  at  Rush  Springs ;  Dr.  Martin 
E.  Plumstead  at  Sapulpa ;  and  Dr.  Xoah  B.  Ruhl  at  Sulphur. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  Indian  Territory  previous  to  1904.  The 
date  preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  i)ractice 
of  homoeopathy.  The  character  x  indicates  that  the  j^hysician  practiced  medi- 
cine before  the  date  given. 

1899  Cutts,   Elmer  H.     Bradley  1889  Porter,   Bertrand   M.     Rush   Sprinss 

1879  Fisher.  Jonas     Oklahoma  1897  Phmistead,  Martin  E.     Sapulpa 

1898  Harry.   George  H.     Leon  1896  Rutherford.  Mrs.  Z.  J.  x     Wagoner. 

1870  Hatfield.  George  C.     Newburg  Creek  Nation 

1902  Leslie,  Samuel  B.     Okmulgee  iSq6  Ruhl,   Noah  B.     Sulphur 

1894  Peterman,   Julius   H.     .Ardmore  1881  Wright,  Nathaniel  V.     Okmulgee 

HOMOEOPATHY    I  .V    WASHINGTON. 

The  first  homaopathic  physician  to  locate  in  what  now  is  the  state  oi 
\\'ashington  was  Dr.  Alvan  Bagley,  a  graduate  in  1855  of  the  Western  Col 
lege  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine,  and  who  settled  for  practice  in  Seattle  some- 
time previous  to  1875.  Dr.  Herman  Beardsley  'graduated  from  the  same  insti- 
tution in  1865  and  subsequently  located  in  Seattle.  Dr.  H.  B.  Bagley,  also  a 
practitioner,  died  in  Seattle  in   1899. 

Dr.  Charles  E.  Grove  began  practice  in  Spokane  in  1889.  He  graduated 
at  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  the  same  year.  Dr.  Fred- 
erick W.  South  worth,  a  graduate  in  1887  of  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Iowa,  located  in  Tacoma  in  1888.  Dr.  Francis  B.  Kellogg 
settled  there  in  1889,  having  graduated  in  1887  from  the  Xew  York  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College.    Dr.  W.  W.  Mysner  came  to  Tacoina  soon  after  1890. 

In  1876  there  were  four  homoeopathic  practitioners  in  the  state ;  in  1886. 
eighteen;  in  1896,  forty-three;  in  1904,  fifty-eight,  of  whom,  in  that  year, 
four  were  in  Dayton,  fourteen  in  Seattle,  eleven  in  Spokane,  five  in  Tacoma, 
and  three  in  Walla  Walla. 

The  Washington  State  Homcjeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
Seattle  in  November,  1889.  The  Tacoma  Homoeopathic  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine was  organized  in  1890.  The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  King 
County  was  organized  in  September,   1889. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Washington  previous  to  1886.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  ])hysician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.     The  character  *   mdicates  that  the  practitioner  originally  was 


HISTORY  OF  HOMCEOPATHY 


425 


of  some  other  school ;  the  character  x  iiKHcatcs  that  the  physician  practiced 
medicine  hefore  the  date  given. 


185s 
1865 
1868 
1883 
1852 
1882 
1877 
1875 


Bagley,  Alven     Seattle 
Bagley,  Herman  B.     Seattle 
Booth,  H.  W.     Cheney 
Capps,  William     Centralia 
Day,  William  W.  *     Dayton 
Churchill,    Frederick    A.      Seattle 
DeVoe,  Miss  Marmora     Seattle 
Egbert,  W.  A.     Walla  Walla 
Mineer,  W.  S.     Waitsburg 


1883  Mysner.    William   W.     Tacoma 
1872  Munson,  Clinton     Tacoma 

1880  Pcnfield,   Charles   S.     Spokane   Falls 
1869  Rico,  William  H.     'i'acoma 
1886  Simmons,   Mrs.   N.  J.     Waitsburg 
187s  "Vandervoort,    M.    x     Walla   Walla 
Whituorth,   F.   H.     Seattle 

1884  Whitworth,   Geo.   F.,   Jr.     Olympia 


HOMOEOPATHY    IN    NEW    MEXICO. 


It  cannot  he  said  that  New  Mexico  ever  has  been  rich  in  homceopathic 
history,  although  the  practice  has  been  fully  rooted  there  for  more  than 
twenty  years.  In  1893  there  were  eight  physicians  in  the  territory,  six  in 
1896,  eight  in  1899,  and  twelve  in  1904. 

Among  the  early  practitioners  in  the  territory  mention  may  be  made  of 
Drs.  M.  D.  Alien.  J.  ^1.  Cunningham  and  J.  H.  Sutfin  in  Las  Vegas ;  Dr. 
C.  L.  Kendall  in  Lordsburgh,  and  Dr.  William  Eggert  in  Santa  Fe. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  New  i\Iexico  previous  to  1900.  The  date 
preceding  the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of 
homoeopathy.  , 


....  Allen,   M.   D.     Las  Vegas 

1883  Beals,  W.  Guy    Tierra  Bianca  Sierra 

1893  Bishop,    Frank   D.     Albuquerqwe 

1887  Bishop,    Marian    S.     Albuquerque 

1874  Blinn,   Elmer   P.     Chloride 

....  Burgess,   Manus     Albuquerque 

....  Calk-n,    J.    A.      Tiptonville 

1870  Cunningham,  J.  M.     Las  Vegas 

j8go  Edmond-son,  R.  H.     Bernalillo 


1863  Eggert,   Wnnam     Santa   Fe 

....  ^lahafFy,  A.  L.      Albuquerque 

1894  Matchett,  John     Dorlores 

1889  Marden,  A.  E.     Mescalero 

....  Kendall,    Mrs.    C.    L.     Lordsburg 

....  Sutfin,  J.  H.     Las  Vegas 

1888  Shepard,  William  T.     Albuquerque 

....  Stevens,  M.   D.     Albuquerque 

....  Wilms,   Frederick     Gallup 


HOMOEOPATHY    IN    OKLAHOMA. 

This  territory  was  organized  in  1P90,  and  three  years  later,  in  1893.  the 
following  homcEopathic  practitioners  were  located  there:  Dr.  George  W.  Light 
in  Britton ;  Dr.  John  Harrington  in  El  Reno ;  Dr.  W.  A.  F^rasier  in  Hennessy, 
and  Drs.  Charles  A.  Dean  and  Jonas  W.  Fisher  in  Oklahoma.  In  1896  there 
were  seven  homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  territory;  in  1899  there  were  six- 
teen, and  in  1904.  forty,  three  being  located  in  Guthrie. 

Homoeopathic  physicians  in  Oklahoma  previous  to  1904.  The  date  pre- 
ceding the  name  indicates  the  year  the  physician  began  the  practice  of  homoe- 
opathy. 


1862  Atkinson,  Mrs.  S.  E.     Oklahoma 

1882  Boulson,   Isaac   C.     Clifton 

1890  Brown,   F.   A.     Oklahoma 

Dean,  Charles  A.     Oklahoma 

1893  Edington,    A.    L.      Bond 

1885  Frasier,   E.   A.     Holt 

1879  Fisher,  Jonas  W.     Oklahoma 

1878  Harrington,  John     El  Reno 

1895  Hamilton,  Wilbur  S.     Norman 

1S88  Kimberley,   W.   T.     Guthrie 


1869  Light,  George  W.     Britton 

1876  McMurty,  R.  F.     Ingalls 

1862  Moore,   S.   A.      Perry 

1868  Morse,  Martin  V.  B.     Noble 

1866  Pearce,  Clinton   W.     Cleveland 

1897  Petty.   C.   S.     Guthrie 

1896  Ruhl,    Noah    B.      Edmond 

1888  Steele,  Corwin  J.     Chandler 

1878  Southard,  Robert  W.     Perry 

1868  Vandervort,    M.      Guthrie 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Biomedical  L>Draky 

JUNO  3  199Z 
Rfc.CtlvEd) 


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